A low-power automatic pressure makeup wellhead safety control system

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of wellhead safety control system, and particularly relates to a low-power automatic pressure compensation wellhead safety control system, which comprises a wellhead safety control module, a low-power electric pump, a temperature detection module, a pressure detection module and an automatic pressure compensation control module, the automatic pressure compensation control module is used for acquiring monitoring data of the pressure detection module and the temperature detection module at the wellhead safety control module in real time, storing historical data and generating a pressure change prediction function with time, pressure and temperature as variables, the automatic pressure compensation control module is also used for acquiring detection data of each temperature sensor of the temperature detection module, generating a temperature change prediction function with time and node temperature as variables, and the automatic pressure compensation control module is used for controlling the low-power electric pump to compensate pressure according to the predicted pressure change in the pilot control loop. By using the technical scheme of the present application, the low-power electric pump is automatically controlled through the prediction system, thereby improving the system safety and slowing down the pump body wear.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wellhead safety control system technology, and more specifically, to a low-power automatic pressure replenishment wellhead safety control system. Background Technology

[0002] The wellhead safety control system is the last line of defense for safe production in oil and gas wells, used to shut down the wellhead in emergency situations under abnormal conditions. The wellhead safety control system consists of a hydraulic pump providing initial high-pressure oil to the system and logic control elements, including various pilot valves, relay valves, and sensors, which process pressure signals and issue commands. External triggering devices for the wellhead safety control system include high and low pressure sensing valves for detecting overpressure / underpressure in the pipeline, fusible plugs for pressure relief in case of fire, and a remote emergency shutdown (ESD) system for remote shutdown.

[0003] The wellhead safety control system is designed with a "pilot-type" trigger response to control the opening and closing of the main valve. Specifically, it maintains a small pressure signal, the pilot pressure, to "notify" the high-pressure circuit to remain open, thus ensuring continuous production from the oil and gas well. If this small pressure signal is lost for any reason, the high-pressure circuit will immediately shut down, achieving safety protection.

[0004] However, unavoidable minor leaks and temperature changes in the system will naturally cause the hydraulic circuit pressure to drop. To avoid unnecessarily shutting down the oil and gas well, it is necessary to pressurize the pilot-operated hydraulic circuit. Current technologies mostly use high-voltage power supply (220V / 380V) or high-power (1.5kW) pumps for pressurization. However, high-voltage power supply poses safety hazards in the flammable and explosive operating environment of oil and gas fields, including the risk of leakage and arcing that could ignite flammable media, failing to meet explosion-proof safety requirements. High-power pumps have high energy consumption, resulting in large energy consumption during long-term operation, especially at unattended wellheads relying on solar energy or battery power, leading to poor endurance and high maintenance costs. Furthermore, high-power electric pressurization suffers from high energy consumption, frequent start-stop cycles causing rapid pump wear, limited adaptability, and low pressurization accuracy. However, directly using low-power pressurization equipment results in slow pressurization speed and difficulty in rapid response due to its lower power. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a low-power automatic pressure replenishment wellhead safety control system, which automatically controls a low-power electric pump through a predictive system, thereby improving system safety, being compatible with existing wellhead safety control systems, and reducing pump wear.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a low-power automatic pressure replenishment wellhead safety control system, comprising: Wellhead safety control module: includes a safety valve and a pilot control circuit, the pilot control circuit is used to control the opening and closing of the safety valve; Low-power electric pumps: Electric pumps with a power supply voltage of less than 220V and a power of less than 1.5kW. Low-power electric pumps are used for pressure compensation. Temperature detection module: includes a column, which includes an above-ground section and an underground section. The underground section extends to the pilot control loop. Several temperature sensors are evenly distributed on the column. Pressure detection module: used to detect pressure changes within the pilot control loop; Automatic pressure compensation control module: used to acquire and store historical data from the pressure and temperature detection modules in the pilot control loop in real time; also used to fit the historical data and generate a pressure change prediction function with time, pressure and temperature as variables. The automatic pressure compensation control module is also used to acquire the detection data of each temperature sensor in the temperature detection module, divide each temperature sensor into multiple nodes according to the distance from the pilot control loop, and generate a temperature change prediction function with time and node temperature as variables by fitting the temperature change data of each node. The automatic pressure compensation control module is used to predict the temperature at the pilot control loop based on the temperature change prediction function, and then use the temperature at the pilot control loop to predict the pressure change within the pilot control loop using the pressure change prediction function. The automatic pressure compensation control module is used to control a low-power electric pump to compensate for the pressure change based on the predicted pressure change within the pilot control loop.

[0007] Furthermore, the automatic pressure replenishment control module is used to start a low-power electric pump to replenish pressure before the pilot control loop drops to a preset pressure value, with an advance start time T. 前 for: T 前 =T 低功率 -T 原功率 -T 低功率提前差 , T 低功率 T represents the time required for the low-power electric pump to complete pressure compensation at the preset pressure value. 原功率 T represents the time required for an electric pump with a power supply voltage of 220V or higher and a power of 1.5kW or higher to complete pressure replenishment at the preset pressure value. 低功率提前差 To complete T for low-power electric pumps 前 The time it takes for the pressure to decrease and then be replenished.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a signal transmission module, which is used to remotely send the pressure detection module and temperature detection module to the automatic pressure compensation control module.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes a power supply module, which comprises a solar panel and a battery, and is used to power the low-power electric pump, pressure detection module, and temperature detection module.

[0010] Furthermore, the power supply module also includes a charging management module based on the MPPT algorithm and a voltage stabilization module.

[0011] Furthermore, before fitting the historical data, the automatic pressure compensation control module first cleans the historical data. Data cleaning is used to eliminate abnormal data changes caused by faults, internal or external leakage in the pilot control loop, and damage to the seals.

[0012] Furthermore, when the automatic pressure replenishment control module replenishes pressure, it compares the current monitoring data with the pressure prediction data for the current time from a preset time period ago. When the difference exceeds a preset percentage, an alarm is issued.

[0013] Furthermore, the automatic pressure compensation control module is also used to update the pressure change prediction function, which is fitted with historical data from 1 to 3 months during the update process.

[0014] Furthermore, the automatic pressure compensation control module is also used to obtain meteorological forecast information from the public network, predict the temperature change of the ground segment of the temperature detection module based on the meteorological forecast information, and input the nodes of the ground segment into the temperature change prediction function to predict the temperature at the pilot control loop.

[0015] Furthermore, the automatic pressure replenishment control module is also used to adjust the pressure replenishment process according to the sunshine duration in the meteorological forecast information. Specifically, with a cycle of 2-5 days, when the average sunshine level within the cycle is greater than the first preset intensity value, the preset pressure value is increased to cause the low-power electric pump to consume electrical energy in advance. When the average sunshine level within the cycle is less than the second preset intensity value, the pressure replenishment target value during pressure replenishment is reduced.

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: In this design, the wellhead safety control module is used to protect the oil well. When the pressure in the pipeline inside the oil well is too high or too low, the pipeline inside the oil well is shut off through the pilot control circuit. Due to unavoidable minor leaks and temperature changes in the pilot control circuit, a low-power electric pump is used to replenish the pressure in the pilot control circuit.

[0017] Compared to conventional electric pumps used in existing technologies, low-power electric pumps feature lower voltage and operating power. The lower voltage eliminates safety hazards such as leakage and ignition associated with high-voltage power supplies, meeting the explosion-proof and safe operation requirements of oil and gas fields and adapting to flammable and explosive wellhead environments. The lower operating power reduces pressure fluctuations and frequent start-stop cycles during pressurization, while also reducing pump wear and extending service life. However, low-power electric pumps also have slower operating efficiency. Therefore, an automatic pressurization control module is installed to predict pressure cycles, thereby compensating for the timeliness issues caused by the lower efficiency of low-power electric pumps.

[0018] The automatic pressure compensation control module uses historical data detected at the pilot control loop to obtain a predictive curve by fitting the historical data. This predicts subsequent pressure changes at the pilot control loop and controls the low-power electric pump to operate in advance, reducing the timeliness gap between the low-power electric pump and the conventional electric pump. Without considering temperature changes or faults, the pilot control loop remains stable in a sealed state, and the pressure compensation exhibits a highly regular pattern.

[0019] However, when the ambient temperature drops, the hydraulic oil contracts, causing a decrease in circuit pressure. Since the wellhead safety control module is located near the surface, with the formation acting as a temperature buffer, a temperature detection module is installed. This module can detect node-by-node temperature changes from the surface to the subsurface. Therefore, compared to conventional surface temperature changes, the temperature changes in the pilot control loop are slower and more stable, and the surface temperature and individual node temperatures can be used as references. The automatic pressure replenishment control module uses the temperatures collected by the temperature detection module at each node and, based on the characteristic of surface temperature conduction to the subsurface, predicts subsequent temperature changes at the pilot control loop. By inputting the temperature prediction results into the pressure change prediction function, future pressure changes at the pilot control loop can be predicted, enabling the low-power electric pump to respond earlier and reducing its disadvantage in timely response. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the low-power automatic pressure replenishment wellhead safety control system of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the temperature detection module in an embodiment of the low-power automatic pressure replenishment wellhead safety control system of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a module in an embodiment of the low-power automatic pressure replenishment wellhead safety control system of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure prediction logic in an embodiment of the low-power automatic pressure replenishment wellhead safety control system of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the temperature prediction logic in an embodiment of the low-power automatic pressure replenishment wellhead safety control system of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the power supply module of an embodiment of the low-power automatic pressure replenishment wellhead safety control system of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the logic processing after receiving weather forecast information in an embodiment of the low-power automatic pressure replenishment wellhead safety control system of the present invention.

[0021] Attached reference numerals: 1. Wellhead safety control module; 2. Low-power electric pump; 3. Automatic pressure replenishment control module; 4. Temperature detection module; 5. Power supply module; 401. Above-ground section; 402. Underground section. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0025] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method: Example 1 As attached Figures 1-7 As shown, a low-power automatic pressure replenishment wellhead safety control system includes: Wellhead safety control module 1: includes a safety valve and a pilot control circuit, which is used to control the opening and closing of the safety valve.

[0026] Low-power electric pump 2: An electric pump with a power supply voltage of less than 220V and a power of less than 1.5kW. The low-power electric pump 2 is used for pressure compensation. In this embodiment, the low-power electric pump 2 is a 500W low-power electric pump powered by a 24V safe voltage.

[0027] Temperature detection module 4: includes a column, which includes an above-ground section 401 and an underground section 402. The underground section 402 extends to the pilot control loop. Several temperature sensors are evenly distributed on the column.

[0028] Pressure detection module: Used to detect pressure changes within the pilot control loop.

[0029] Automatic pressure compensation control module 3: It is used to acquire and store historical data in real time the monitoring data of the pressure detection module and temperature detection module 4 at the pilot control loop. It is also used to fit the historical data and generate a pressure change prediction function with time, pressure and temperature as variables.

[0030] The automatic pressure compensation control module 3 is also used to acquire the detection data of each temperature sensor in the temperature detection module 4, divide each temperature sensor into multiple nodes according to the distance from the pilot control loop, and generate a temperature change prediction function with time and node temperature as variables by fitting the temperature change data of each node.

[0031] The automatic pressure compensation control module 3 is used to predict the temperature at the pilot control loop based on the temperature change prediction function, and to use the temperature at the pilot control loop to predict the pressure change in the pilot control loop. The automatic pressure compensation control module 3 is used to control the low-power electric pump 2 to compensate for the pressure according to the predicted pressure change in the pilot control loop.

[0032] In this embodiment, the wellhead safety control module 1 is used to protect the oil well. When the pressure in the pipeline inside the oil well is too high or too low, the safety valve in the pipeline inside the oil well is closed through the pilot control circuit. Hydraulic systems, no matter how well manufactured and installed, cannot be completely leak-free. Therefore, unavoidable minor leaks and temperature changes in the pilot control circuit will cause pressure changes within it. Thus, a low-power electric pump 2 is installed to replenish the pressure in the pilot control circuit.

[0033] Compared to conventional electric pumps used in existing technologies, the low-power electric pump 2 features lower voltage and operating power. The lower voltage eliminates safety hazards such as leakage and ignition associated with high-voltage power supplies, meeting the explosion-proof and safe operation requirements of oil and gas fields and adapting to flammable and explosive wellhead environments. The lower operating power reduces pressure fluctuations and frequent start-stop cycles during pressure replenishment, while also reducing pump wear and extending service life. However, the low-power electric pump 2 also operates more slowly. Therefore, an automatic pressure replenishment control module 3 is installed to predict pressure cycles, compensating for the timeliness issues caused by the low efficiency of the low-power electric pump 2, reducing its shortcomings, and ensuring compatibility with existing wellhead safety control systems. This makes the retrofit process simple and cost-effective.

[0034] The automatic pressure compensation control module 3, based on historical data detected at the pilot control loop, obtains a prediction curve by fitting the historical data, and then predicts subsequent pressure changes at the pilot control loop. This allows for advance control of the low-power electric pump 2, reducing the timeliness gap between the low-power electric pump 2 and the conventional electric pump. Without considering temperature changes or malfunctions, the pilot control loop remains stable in a sealed state, and the pressure compensation exhibits a highly regular pattern.

[0035] However, when the ambient temperature drops, the hydraulic oil contracts, causing a decrease in circuit pressure. Since the wellhead safety control module 1 is located near the surface, with the formation acting as a buffer, a temperature detection module 4 is installed. This module detects node-by-node temperature changes from the surface to the subsurface. Therefore, compared to conventional surface temperature changes, the temperature changes in the pilot control loop are slower and more stable, and the surface temperature and each node can serve as a reference. The automatic pressure replenishment control module 3 uses the temperatures collected by the temperature detection module 4 at each node and, based on the characteristic of surface temperature conduction to the subsurface, predicts subsequent temperature changes at the pilot control loop. By inputting the temperature prediction results into the pressure change prediction function, future pressure changes at the pilot control loop can be predicted, enabling the low-power electric pump 2 to respond earlier and reducing its disadvantage in timely response.

[0036] Example 2 The difference from the above embodiment is that the automatic pressure replenishment control module 3 is used to start the low-power electric pump 2 for pressure replenishment before the pilot control loop drops to the preset pressure value, and the advance start time T is [not specified]. 前 for: T 前 =T 低功率 -T 原功率 -T 低功率提前差 , T 低功率 T represents the time required for the low-power electric pump 2 to complete pressure replenishment at the preset pressure value. 原功率 T represents the time required for an electric pump with a power supply voltage of 220V or higher and a power of 1.5kW or higher to complete pressure replenishment at the preset pressure value. 低功率提前差 To complete T for low-power electric pump 2 前 The time it takes for the pressure to decrease and then be replenished.

[0037] To ensure compatibility with the existing wellhead safety control system after switching to the low-power electric pump 2, its pressure replenishment completion time is aligned. The automatic pressure replenishment control module 3 predicts the time when the pressure reaches the original system's set pressure value, which is also the time when the pressure in the pilot control loop reaches the preset pressure value. The low-power electric pump 2 will start earlier than the original conventional power electric pump, thus making the pressure replenishment completion time of the low-power electric pump 2 approximately the same as that of the existing conventional power electric pump. This approach reduces other modifications to the existing wellhead safety control system and simplifies adaptation.

[0038] Example 3 The difference from the above embodiments is that a signal transmission module is also included. The signal transmission module can be either wireless or wired transmission. The signal transmission module is used to remotely send the pressure detection module and temperature detection module 4 to the automatic pressure compensation control module 3, and the automatic pressure compensation control module 3 is remotely deployed.

[0039] The low-power electric pump 2 consumes less power, but the automatic pressure compensation control module 3 requires complex data processing and consumes more power. Therefore, the low-power electric pump 2 and the automatic pressure compensation control module 3 can be decoupled through the signal transmission module, so that the automatic pressure compensation control module 3 can be deployed in the cloud, reducing the power consumption on site.

[0040] Example 4 The difference from the above embodiments is that it also includes a power supply module 5, which includes a solar panel and a battery. The power supply module 5 is used to supply power to the low-power electric pump 2, the pressure detection module, and the temperature detection module 4. The power supply module 5 also includes a charging management module and a voltage stabilization module based on the MPPT algorithm.

[0041] The low-power electric pump 2 consumes less electricity, and the power supply module 5 can be configured as a solar panel to supplement energy through sunlight in the field. This embodiment can be adapted to various oil and gas wellheads, including those on land and in deserts, and is especially suitable for unattended wellhead operations with high requirements for safety and energy conservation.

[0042] The electrical energy generated by the solar panels is stored in the battery. A charging management module based on the MPPT algorithm optimizes the power output of the solar panels, ensuring they always operate at their maximum power point, thereby improving the overall system efficiency. The voltage stabilization module optimizes the power supply to the low-power electric pump 2, making its power supply more stable and effectively reducing circuit failures. Example 5 The difference from the above embodiment is that the automatic pressure compensation control module 3 performs data cleaning on the historical data before fitting it. Data cleaning is used to eliminate abnormal data changes caused by faults, internal or external leakage in the pilot control loop, and damage to the seals. When the automatic pressure compensation control module 3 performs pressure compensation, it compares the current monitoring data with the pressure prediction data for the current time from a preset time period ago. When the difference exceeds a preset percentage, an alarm is issued.

[0043] The automatic pressure compensation control module 3 is also used to update the pressure change prediction function, which is fitted with historical data from 1 to 3 months during the update.

[0044] Besides natural pressure drops in the pilot control loop, abnormal pressure changes can also occur due to malfunctions, internal or external leaks in the pilot control loop, or damage to seals. Therefore, before fitting historical data, it is necessary to clean the monitoring data and remove outliers to improve the accuracy of the prediction.

[0045] Since the data being fitted is based on data without any abnormalities or faults, if the subsequently monitored pilot control loop does not match the predicted data, it indicates that there may be an abnormality in the pilot control loop. Therefore, an alarm is issued to remind maintenance personnel to check and reduce potential safety hazards.

[0046] Because the pilot control loop ages, leading to an increase or increase in the number or size of micropores or gaps, the pressure change prediction function needs to be updated periodically to ensure a good fit.

[0047] Example 6 The difference from the above embodiments is that the automatic pressure compensation control module 3 is also used to obtain weather forecast information on the public network, predict the temperature change of the ground section 401 of the temperature detection module 4 based on the weather forecast information, and input the nodes of the ground section 401 into the temperature change prediction function to predict the temperature at the pilot control loop.

[0048] In addition to using temperature detection module 4 to predict temperature changes at the pilot control loop, it can also predict ground temperature using weather forecast information available on the public internet. This expands the predictable time range, allowing for preparations to be made further in advance.

[0049] Example 7 The difference from the above embodiments is that the automatic pressure replenishment control module 3 is also used to adjust the pressure replenishment process according to the sunshine duration in the weather forecast information. Specifically, with a cycle of 2-5 days, when the average sunshine level in the cycle is greater than the first preset intensity value, the preset pressure value is increased to make the low-power electric pump 2 consume electrical energy in advance. When the average sunshine level in the cycle is less than the second preset intensity value, the pressure replenishment target value during pressure replenishment is reduced.

[0050] In addition to determining temperature, publicly available weather forecasts can also assess the power supply level of the power supply module 5 based on sunshine duration. When there is sufficient sunshine, i.e., when the average sunshine level is greater than the first preset intensity value, the module enters a power storage state. The automatic pressure replenishment control module 3 increases the preset pressure value, triggering pressure replenishment more frequently. This maintains a high pressure level in the pilot control circuit and promptly consumes the battery's internal energy to replenish the stored energy through abundant sunlight.

[0051] When sunlight is scarce, it is necessary to enter the power saving mode. The power saving mode takes measures to reduce the target value of the pressure after pressure replenishment. This can keep the pressure in the pilot control circuit at a low level. Although pressure replenishment becomes more frequent when the pressure is low, the leakage will also be smaller, thereby reducing the relative leakage rate. Due to the reduction in leakage, the energy consumption used for pressure replenishment is also reduced, reducing power outages caused by excessive power consumption.

[0052] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A low-power automatic pressure replenishment wellhead safety control system, characterized in that, include: Wellhead safety control module (1): includes a safety valve and a pilot control circuit, the pilot control circuit being used to control the opening and closing of the safety valve; Low-power electric pump (2): Electric pump with a power supply voltage of less than 220V and a power of less than 1.5kW. Low-power electric pump (2) is used for pressure compensation. Temperature detection module (4): includes a column, which includes an above-ground section (401) and an underground section (402). The underground section (402) extends to the pilot control loop. Several temperature sensors are evenly distributed on the column. Pressure detection module: used to detect pressure changes within the pilot control loop; Automatic pressure compensation control module (3): used to acquire the monitoring data of the pressure detection module and temperature detection module (4) at the pilot control loop in real time and store historical data. It is also used to fit the historical data and generate a pressure change prediction function with time, pressure and temperature as variables. The automatic pressure compensation control module (3) is also used to acquire the detection data of each temperature sensor in the temperature detection module (4), divide each temperature sensor into multiple nodes according to the distance from the pilot control loop, and generate a temperature change prediction function with time and node temperature as variables by fitting the temperature change data of each node. The automatic pressure compensation control module (3) is used to predict the temperature at the pilot control loop based on the temperature change prediction function, and to bring the temperature at the pilot control loop into the pressure change prediction function to predict the pressure change in the pilot control loop. The automatic pressure compensation control module (3) is used to control the low-power electric pump (2) to perform pressure compensation according to the predicted pressure change in the pilot control loop.

2. The low-power automatic pressure replenishment wellhead safety control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The automatic pressure replenishment control module (3) is used to start the low-power electric pump (2) for pressure replenishment before the pilot control loop drops to the preset pressure value, with an advance start time T. 前 for: T 前 =T 低功率 -T 原功率 -T 低功率提前差 , T 低功率 T is the time required for the low-power electric pump (2) to complete the pressure replenishment at the preset pressure value. 原功率 T represents the time required for an electric pump with a power supply voltage of 220V or higher and a power of 1.5kW or higher to complete pressure replenishment at the preset pressure value. 低功率提前差 To complete T for low-power electric pump (2) 前 The time it takes for the pressure to decrease and then be replenished.

3. The low-power automatic pressure replenishment wellhead safety control system according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a signal transmission module, which is used to remotely send the pressure detection module and temperature detection module (4) to the automatic pressure compensation control module (3).

4. The low-power automatic pressure replenishment wellhead safety control system according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes a power supply module (5), which includes a solar panel and a battery. The power supply module (5) is used to power the low-power electric pump (2), the pressure detection module and the temperature detection module (4).

5. The low-power automatic pressure replenishment wellhead safety control system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The power supply module (5) also includes a charging management module and a voltage stabilization module based on the MPPT algorithm.

6. The low-power automatic pressure replenishment wellhead safety control system according to claim 5, characterized in that, Before fitting the historical data, the automatic pressure compensation control module (3) first cleans the historical data. The data cleaning is used to eliminate abnormal data changes caused by faults, internal and external leakage in the pilot control loop, and damage to the seals.

7. The low-power automatic pressure replenishment wellhead safety control system according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the automatic pressure replenishment control module (3) replenishes pressure, it compares the current monitoring data with the pressure prediction data of the current time before the preset time period. When the difference exceeds the preset percentage, it issues an alarm.

8. The low-power automatic pressure replenishment wellhead safety control system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The automatic pressure compensation control module (3) is also used to update the pressure change prediction function, and historical data within 1-3 months is used for fitting during the update.

9. The low-power automatic pressure replenishment wellhead safety control system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The automatic pressure compensation control module (3) is also used to obtain meteorological forecast information on the public network, predict the temperature change of the ground section (401) of the temperature detection module (4) based on the meteorological forecast information, and bring the nodes of the ground section (401) into the temperature change prediction function to predict the temperature at the pilot control loop.

10. The low-power automatic pressure replenishment wellhead safety control system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The automatic pressure replenishment control module (3) is also used to adjust the pressure replenishment process according to the sunshine duration in the meteorological forecast information. Specifically, it takes 2-5 days as a cycle. When the average sunshine level in the cycle is greater than the first preset intensity value, the preset pressure value is increased to make the low-power electric pump (2) consume electrical energy in advance. When the average sunshine level in the cycle is less than the second preset intensity value, the pressure replenishment target value is reduced.

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