A high adjustable planing coal machine with a mixed arrangement of planing knives

Abstract

The application provides a planer cutter mixed arrangement adjustable height coal planer, belonging to the technical field of mining equipment, comprising a planer body, a traction mechanism and a guide chain frame, the planer body is sequentially provided with three groups of upper, middle and bottom planer cutters from top to bottom. The upper planer cutter group adopts a hydraulic height adjusting mechanism to realize millisecond level fast response, the middle planer cutter group adopts a screw height adjusting mechanism to realize millimeter level high-precision fine adjustment, and the bottom planer cutter group is relatively fixed with the planer body. The three groups of planer cutters are mixed arranged with pick cutters and cutter cutters, and the mixed rules of each region are different: the upper sparsely arranged pick cutters are used to deal with hard roof rock, the middle densely arranged pick cutters are used to deal with dirt band, and the bottom wide body cutter cutters are used to adapt to rapid traction. The cutter body of the bottom wide body cutter cutter is embedded with multiple alloy heads and has a wide body bottom. Through the zoning self-adaptive height adjustment and differential cutter arrangement, the application realizes efficient, smooth and low-loss coal planing operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mining equipment technology, and particularly relates to an adjustable-height coal planer with a mixed arrangement of planer blades. Background Technology

[0002] Coal planers are essential equipment for mining thin and medium-thick coal seams. They use a traction mechanism to drive the planer head in a reciprocating motion along the working face, cutting the coal face with cutting teeth mounted on the planer head. Existing coal planers typically employ a single type of height adjustment mechanism: some use hydraulic height adjustment, which has a fast response but low control precision and is prone to causing unevenness in the working face; others use screw height adjustment, which has high precision but a slow response and is difficult to handle sudden conditions such as hard roof rock or interbedded rock. Furthermore, traditional coal planers lack differentiated design in the arrangement of cutting teeth, leading to rapid tool wear and low cutting efficiency, especially under high-speed traction conditions, which can easily result in problems such as tool drift, bottom chipping, and stalling.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a coal planer that can balance rapid response and high-precision height adjustment, while optimizing the arrangement of cutting teeth according to the characteristics of different areas of the coal seam. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an adjustable-height coal planer with a hybrid arrangement of planer blades, which solves the problems of poor adaptability, uneven cutting, and short blade life of existing coal planers under conditions such as sudden changes in the roof, interbedded gangue in the middle, floating coal accumulation on the bottom, and rapid traction.

[0005] An adjustable-height coal planer with a mixed arrangement of planer blades includes a planer body and a group of planer blades disposed on the planer body. The group of planer blades includes an upper group of planer blades, a middle group of planer blades, and a bottom group of planer blades arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The upper group of planer blades is connected to the planer body via a hydraulic height adjustment mechanism, the middle group of planer blades is connected to the planer body via a screw height adjustment mechanism, and the bottom group of planer blades is relatively fixed to the planer body. The upper group of planer blades, the middle group of planer blades, and the bottom group of planer blades all adopt a mixed arrangement of pick-type cutting teeth and blade-type cutting teeth, and the mixed arrangement pattern of each group of planer blades is different from that of the others.

[0006] The arrangement of the cutting teeth in the upper planer group is as follows: two rows of pick-shaped cutting teeth are set at the top, and blade-shaped cutting teeth are installed downwards in sequence, with one pick-shaped cutting tooth set every two blade-shaped cutting teeth, and the bottom row is pick-shaped cutting teeth.

[0007] The cutting teeth of the central planer group are arranged as follows: two rows of pick-shaped cutting teeth are set at the top, and one pick-shaped cutting tooth is set every other blade-shaped cutting tooth downwards.

[0008] The cutting teeth of the bottom planer group are arranged as follows: a row of pick-shaped cutting teeth is set at the top, a pick-shaped cutting tooth is set every other blade-shaped cutting tooth downwards, and two rows of wide-body blade-shaped cutting teeth are set at the bottom.

[0009] The wide-body cutting tooth has multiple small alloy heads inlaid on the front, side and back of the blade body, and its bottom width is 1.5 to 2 times that of ordinary cutting teeth.

[0010] Both the pick-type and knife-type cutting teeth are mounted on the cutting tooth mounting base of each planer group via fixed tooth seats and movable tooth seats. The pick-type cutting teeth are inserted into the mounting holes of the movable tooth seats and can rotate on their own. The outer surfaces of the fixed tooth seats and movable tooth seats, as well as the base surfaces of the pick-type and knife-type cutting teeth, are all provided with laser cladding layers.

[0011] The hydraulic height adjustment mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder, the bottom of which is fixed to the planer body or the middle planer body, and its piston rod is connected to the upper tool holder of the upper planer blade group; the screw height adjustment mechanism includes a height adjustment motor and a height adjustment screw, which engages with the internal thread of the height adjustment block to drive the middle tool holder of the middle planer blade group to move up and down.

[0012] The upper planing blade group is also equipped with a mechanical sensor and / or a vibration sensor. The sensor signal lines are connected to the controller. The controller determines whether to cut the roof rock based on the sensor signals and sends a height adjustment command to the hydraulic height adjustment mechanism.

[0013] The cutting ranges of the upper, middle, and bottom cutting blade groups always partially overlap in the vertical direction to avoid missed cutting or the formation of coal ridges.

[0014] The coal planer is continuously adjustable between the lowest and highest working heights, and the overlap between the upper and middle planer groups, as well as between the middle and bottom planer groups, is maintained at 50mm to 100mm.

[0015] By employing the above technical solution, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0016] 1. This invention employs a hydraulic cylinder-driven rapid height adjustment mechanism at the top and installs vibration and mechanical sensors on the tool holder. Once the cutting teeth touch the hard rock of the roof, the system can automatically raise the tool holder within milliseconds, avoiding damage to the cutting teeth and tools due to severe impact, and significantly improving the equipment's adaptability to sudden changes in the roof.

[0017] 2. The invention employs a fine-tuning mechanism in the middle section, which combines a lead screw and a height adjustment block. The adjustment accuracy can reach the millimeter level. When cutting the main body of the coal seam, it can precisely control the cutting trajectory and prevent the working face from having wave-like undulations. This creates a flat roof and floor condition for subsequent hydraulic support and smooth operation of the scraper conveyor.

[0018] 3. This invention does not have a height adjustment mechanism at the bottom, but instead has two rows of wide-body blade-shaped cutting teeth fixedly installed. The wide-body teeth have a large bottom area and multiple hard alloy heads embedded on the sides. Under rapid traction, they can continuously scrape off the floating coal on the bottom plate, while also acting as a guide and support, effectively preventing the cutting head from drifting or biting the bottom. The slag discharge channel formed by the wide-body structure also avoids the accumulation and blockage of coal dust.

[0019] 4. The cutting teeth in the upper, middle, and lower regions of this invention adopt different mixed arrangement patterns: the top is sparsely arranged with pick-shaped teeth, the middle is densely arranged with pick-shaped teeth, and the bottom uses wide-body teeth combined with spaced pick-shaped teeth. This differentiated arrangement ensures that each layer of cutting teeth corresponds to the coal and rock characteristics of its respective region, reducing unnecessary consumption of pick-shaped teeth and ensuring the synergy between hard point crushing and soft coal cutting, thereby improving the overall cutting tooth life and cutting efficiency.

[0020] 5. In this invention, all cutting teeth and the surfaces of fixed and movable tooth seats are coated with a laser cladding layer, which significantly improves impact resistance and wear resistance, and reduces the frequency of cutting tooth replacement underground. At the same time, the upper, middle and lower sets of cutting blades always have a certain overlap in the vertical direction to avoid uncut coal ridges or missed sections, thus ensuring continuous mining of the full thickness of the working face. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a front view of the overall structure of the adjustable height coal planer with a mixed arrangement of planer blades according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rear of the overall structure of the adjustable height coal planer with a mixed arrangement of planer blades according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the middle planer body in the present invention (where point A is the bottom mounting position of the hydraulic cylinder).

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the upper height-adjustable planer blade group structure and the arrangement of the cutting teeth in this invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the upper cutting tooth mounting base in this invention;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the central height-adjusting planer blade group structure and the lead screw height-adjusting mechanism in this invention.

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom planer blade group structure and the arrangement of the cutting teeth in this invention.

[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the pick-type cutting tooth mounting structure in this invention;

[0029] Figure 9This is a schematic diagram of the blade-shaped cutting tooth structure in this invention;

[0030] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom wide-body blade-shaped cutting tooth structure in this invention;

[0031] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the coal planer in its lowest position of 0.8m, as provided in this embodiment.

[0032] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram showing the coal planer at its highest position of 1.3m, as provided in this embodiment.

[0033] In the picture:

[0034] 110. Planer body; 120. Traction block; 130. Guide chain frame; 140. Upper height-adjustable planer blade group; 141. Upper guide groove; 142. Hydraulic cylinder; 150. Middle height-adjustable planer blade group; 151. Middle guide groove; 160. Bottom planer blade group; 170. Middle planer body; 210. Upper tool holder; 220. Upper cutting tooth mounting base; 230. Upper height-adjustable guide rail; 240. Positioning support column; 250. Height-adjustable support part; 260. Height-adjustable support lug; 281. Pick-type cutting tooth 282. Cutting tooth; 283. Fixed tooth holder; 284. Movable tooth holder; 285. Laser cladding layer; 310. Central tool holder; 311. First tool holder body; 312. Second tool holder body; 320. Height adjustment block; 330. Height adjustment screw; 340. Height adjustment motor; 350. Screw top plate; 360. Central height adjustment guide rail; 370. Central cutting tooth mounting base; 410. Bottom tool holder; 430. Wide-body cutting tooth; 510. Large alloy head; 520. Small alloy head. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To better explain and facilitate understanding of the present invention, the technical solution and effects of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0036] Combination Figures 1-12As shown, an adjustable-height coal cutter with a mixed arrangement of cutting blades includes a longitudinally arranged cutter body 110, a traction mechanism connected to the cutter body 110, and a guide chain frame 130 fixed on the cutter body 110. The traction mechanism includes a traction block 120, which drives the cutter body 110 to reciprocate along the guide rail of the working face conveyor through the guide chain frame 130, thereby realizing coal cutting operations. The cutter body 110 is arranged from bottom to top along the height direction with a bottom cutter group 160, a middle adjustable-height cutter group 150, and an upper adjustable-height cutter group 140. There are two bottom cutter groups 160, which are arranged symmetrically from left to right; there are two middle adjustable-height cutter groups 150, which are arranged symmetrically from left to right; and there is one upper adjustable-height cutter group 140 with two rows of cutting teeth arranged symmetrically from left to right. Meanwhile, the bottom cutter group 160 is relatively fixed to the cutter body 110, while the middle height-adjusting cutter group 150 and the upper height-adjusting cutter group 140 are movably connected to the cutter body 110 through their respective height-adjusting mechanisms. Furthermore, the cutting ranges of the three cutter groups always partially overlap in the vertical direction to avoid missed cuts or the formation of coal ridges. Each cutter group employs a mixed arrangement of pick-type cutting teeth 281 and blade-type cutting teeth 282, with different mixing patterns in different zones to adapt to the different working conditions of the roof, coal seam body, and floor.

[0037] Specifically, the planer body 110 has a vertically extending upper guide groove 141 on its upper part. The upper height-adjustable planer blade group 140 includes an upper blade holder 210, which is slidably installed in the upper guide groove 141. Multiple upper cutting tooth mounting bases 220 are fixed to the front end of the upper blade holder 210, i.e., the side facing the coal wall. Each upper cutting tooth mounting base 220 has a mixed arrangement of pick-type cutting teeth 281 and blade-type cutting teeth 282. Each upper cutting tooth mounting base 220 is fixedly provided with a fixed tooth seat 283, and a movable tooth seat 284 is inserted into the fixed tooth seat 283 via a pin. The movable tooth seat 284 is locked and fixed relative to the fixed tooth seat 283. The pick-type cutting teeth 281 are installed on the movable tooth seat 284 to ensure the strength of the cutting teeth when encountering roof rock. The engagement of the fixed tooth holder 283 and the movable tooth holder 284 facilitates quick replacement of the cutting teeth and provides a certain amount of buffer displacement when the cutting teeth are subjected to excessive impact, preventing hard fracture of the cutting teeth or base. Preferably, the pick-shaped cutting teeth 281 are inserted into the mounting hole of the movable tooth holder 284 and can rotate to maintain uniform wear; the movable tooth holder 284 is inserted into the mounting hole of the fixed tooth holder 283; while the blade-shaped cutting teeth are fixed and cannot rotate.

[0038] Similarly, the blade-shaped cutting tooth 282 is mounted on the upper cutting tooth mounting base 220 via a fixed tooth seat 283. The head of the blade-shaped cutting tooth 282 is inlaid with multiple carbide heads, including a large carbide head 510 in the center and small carbide heads 520 distributed on both sides. The large carbide head 510 and the small carbide heads 520 together constitute the cutting edge to enhance the cutting ability and wear resistance of the coal.

[0039] The outer surfaces of the fixed tooth holder 283 and the movable tooth holder 284, as well as the substrate surfaces of the pick-type cutting tooth 281 and the knife-type cutting tooth 282, are all coated with wear-resistant and impact-resistant coatings using a laser cladding process. For example, in this embodiment, nickel-based tungsten carbide composite powder is used for laser cladding, with the coating thickness controlled between 0.5 and 1.2 mm and the coating hardness not lower than HRC60, to effectively resist coal and rock abrasion and gangue impact, significantly extending the service life of each component. This laser cladding layer 285 can effectively resist coal and rock abrasion and gangue impact, significantly extending the replacement cycle of the cutting teeth.

[0040] To enable rapid lifting and lowering of the upper cutter head 210, a hydraulic cylinder 142 is fixed at a corresponding position on the planer body 110. A height adjustment support part 250 is provided on the back side of the upper cutter head 210, i.e., the side facing away from the coal face. A positioning support hole is provided on the upper cutter head 210 (not shown in the figure). A positioning support column 240 is fixed at a corresponding position on the height adjustment support part 250. The positioning support column 240 slides through the positioning support hole to guide the vertical lifting and lowering of the upper cutter head 210 and to withstand the horizontal cutting reaction force. Height adjustment support ears 260 are also provided on both sides of the height adjustment support part 250, and the height adjustment support ears 260 are connected to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 142. The oil inlet and return lines of the hydraulic cylinder 142 are both connected to the hydraulic control system of the coal planer. The height adjustment support 250 is also provided with vertically extending upper height adjustment guide rails 230 on both sides, and the upper tool post 210 is provided with a guide structure on its side that slides with the upper height adjustment guide rails 230. In this way, when the hydraulic cylinder 142 drives the height adjustment support ear 260, the upper tool post 210 rises and falls smoothly with the cooperation of the upper height adjustment guide rails 230 and the guide structure, realizing rapid height adjustment.

[0041] When the height of the upper cutter post 210 needs to be adjusted, the hydraulic control system drives the oil cylinder to extend and retract rapidly, thereby causing the upper cutter post 210 to slide up and down along the upper guide groove 141. The response time can reach the millisecond level, enabling the adjustable height coal planer to quickly respond to changes in the thickness of the coal seam or hard rock intrusion near the roof.

[0042] The upper cutter holder 210 features a mixed arrangement of cutting teeth as follows: two rows of pick-type cutting teeth 281 are installed at the top, followed by blade-type cutting teeth 282, with a pick-type cutting tooth 281 placed every two blade-type cutting teeth 282. The bottom row of the upper cutter holder 210 also consists of pick-type cutting teeth 281. In this mixed arrangement, the top two rows of pick-type cutting teeth 281 are used to prioritize crushing hard coal or gangue near the roof, avoiding direct impact on the blade-type cutting teeth 282. The sparsely spaced arrangement of a pick-type cutting tooth 281 every two blade-type cutting teeth 282 ensures a certain crushing capacity for hard points on the roof while reducing the amount of pick-type cutting teeth 281 used, lowering cutter consumption, and enabling the blade-type cutting teeth 282 to efficiently cut softer coal bodies.

[0043] In addition, vibration sensors and force sensors are installed on or near the back of the upper cutter head 210. The signal lines of these sensors are connected to the controller of the coal cutter. The controller has preset vibration frequency thresholds and cutting resistance increment thresholds. When the vibration frequency or resistance change detected by the sensor exceeds the set value, the controller automatically sends a lowering command to the hydraulic control system, so that the upper cutter head 210 can quickly lower a certain distance to avoid cutting the roof rock.

[0044] Furthermore, located directly below the upper height-adjusting cutter group 140 is the middle height-adjusting cutter group 150. The middle section of the planer body 110 also has a vertically extending central guide groove, within which a central cutter holder 310 is slidably mounted. Unlike the upper cutter holder 210, which is hydraulically driven, the middle cutter holder 310 achieves height adjustment through a screw-based height adjustment mechanism to meet the height accuracy requirements of coal seam main body cutting. Specifically, a height-adjusting motor 340 is fixed on the planer body 110. The output shaft of the height-adjusting motor 340 is connected to a vertically arranged height-adjusting screw 330. The upper end of the height-adjusting screw 330 is supported on a top plate 350 via bearings. A height-adjusting block 320 is fitted onto the screw, and this block 320 is fixedly connected to the middle cutter holder 310. When the height adjustment motor 340 rotates, the height adjustment screw 330 drives the height adjustment block 320 and the central cutter holder 310 to move up and down along the central guide groove, achieving millimeter-level precision fine adjustment to ensure the straightness of the working face. The front end of the central cutter holder 310 is also equipped with a central cutting tooth mounting base 370. The cutting teeth on the central cutting tooth mounting base 370 are arranged in a mixed manner: two rows of pick-type cutting teeth 281 are set at the top, and one pick-type cutting tooth 281 is set every other blade-type cutting tooth 282 downwards. That is, the density of pick-type cutting teeth 281 in the central cutter group is higher than that in the upper cutter group. This is because the central part of the coal seam often contains interbedded rock or hard nodules. The denser pick-type cutting teeth 281 can break these hard points in advance, preventing the blade-type cutting teeth 282 from breaking due to impact overload. At the same time, the blade-type cutting teeth 282 are responsible for efficient slag removal and coal cutting, achieving synergy between hard point crushing and efficient coal cutting.

[0045] Preferably, the central cutting tooth mounting base 370 is composed of a first cutter holder body 311 and a second cutter holder body 312. The first cutter holder body 311 and the second cutter holder body 312 are fixedly connected by bolts or welding to form an integral cutter holder structure. The first cutter holder body 311 is located on the side facing the coal wall, and multiple central cutting tooth mounting bases 370 are fixed on it for mounting pick-type cutting teeth 281 and blade-type cutting teeth 282. The second cutter holder body 312 is located on the side away from the coal wall, and an adjustment block 320 is fixedly connected to its rear. The inner wall of the adjustment block 320 is machined with internal threads for cooperating with the adjustment screw 330. The central cutter holder 310 has guide plates or rollers on both sides that slide in cooperation with the central adjustment guide rail 360 in the central guide groove. The central adjustment guide rail 360 is vertically fixed to the two side walls of the central guide groove of the planer body 110. When the height adjustment motor 340 drives the lead screw to rotate, the lead screw, through its engagement with the internal thread of the height adjustment block 320, drives the entire central tool post 310 to move up and down along the central height adjustment guide rail 360, achieving millimeter-level precision fine adjustment. The split design of the first tool holder body 311 and the second tool holder body 312 facilitates machining and assembly, while improving the overall rigidity of the tool post and the efficiency of transmitting the lead screw driving force.

[0046] The planer body 110 further includes a central planer body 170, located in the central region of the planer body 110. Its upper and lower ends are respectively connected to the upper height-adjustable planer blade group 140 and the bottom planer blade group 160. A central guide groove and a height-adjustable guide rail are fixed on the central planer body 170, and the central height-adjustable planer blade group 150 is slidably mounted on the central planer body 170. In this embodiment, the central planer body 170 is the middle section of the planer body 110, internally housing a height-adjustable lead screw 330 and a height-adjustable motor 340. The central blade holder 310 engages with the lead screw via a height-adjustable block 320 and slides along the height-adjustable guide rail on the central planer body 170. When the central blade holder 310 is raised or lowered, the central planer body 170 remains fixed, but the adjustment range between the lowest and highest positions of the central blade holder 310 allows the entire coal planer to adapt to different coal seam thicknesses. The presence of the middle planer body 170 provides a stable installation foundation and guide support for the lead screw height adjustment mechanism, while ensuring overlapping cutting between the upper, middle and lower planer blade groups.

[0047] A hydraulic cylinder 142 is mounted at the bottom of its upper side on the middle planer body 170. This mounting position is a support structure with pin holes or bolt holes. The bottom of the hydraulic cylinder 142 of the upper height-adjusting planer blade group 140 is fixedly mounted at this bottom mounting position. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 142 extends upward and connects to the height-adjusting support lug 260 of the upper tool holder 210. In this way, the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder 142 uses the middle planer body 170 as a support base, and the piston rod pushes the upper tool holder 210 upward to achieve rapid height adjustment. This makes the structure of the upper height adjustment mechanism more compact, while the middle planer body 170 bears the reaction force of the cylinder's thrust, improving overall rigidity.

[0048] It should be noted that when the middle tool holder 310 moves up and down, its uppermost cutting tooth and the lowermost cutting tooth of the upper tool holder 210 always maintain a certain amount of overlap, such as... Figure 12 As shown at point B, this ensures that there are no uncut blind spots between the two. Simultaneously, the controller can make fine adjustments to the central tool holder 310 at regular intervals based on signals from the laser rangefinder or tilt sensor on the working surface, keeping the working surface generally flat and avoiding wavy undulations, thus providing favorable conditions for subsequent hydraulic support and scraper conveyor operation.

[0049] The bottom of the planer body 110 is a fixed section without an active height adjustment mechanism, and the bottom cutter post 410 is directly fixedly connected to the planer body 110. The bottom cutter post 410 is located directly below the middle cutter post 310, and the uppermost cutting tooth of the bottom cutter post 410 overlaps with the lowermost cutting tooth of the middle cutter post 310. Figure 12 As shown at point C, the cutting trajectory is ensured to be continuous. The cutting teeth at the front end of the bottom blade holder 410 are arranged in a mixed manner as follows: a row of pick-type cutting teeth 281 is set at the top, and a pick-type cutting tooth 281 is set every other blade-type cutting tooth 282 downwards, with two rows of wide-body blade-type cutting teeth 430 at the bottom. The wide-body blade-type cutting teeth 430 are the core components of the bottom planer blade group 160. The front, side and back of the blade body of the wide-body blade-type cutting teeth 430 are inlaid with multiple small carbide heads 520; and the bottom width of the blade body is designed to be 1.5 to 2 times the width of ordinary blade-type cutting teeth.

[0050] When the coal planer is working, the two bottom rows of wide-body blade-shaped cutting teeth 430 directly contact the bottom plate. On the one hand, their large contact area effectively scrapes away loose coal on the bottom plate, preventing coal accumulation that could cause the planer head to drift or chip away at the bottom. On the other hand, the wide-body blade-shaped cutting teeth 430 act as support legs for the planer head, limiting its vertical movement during operation. Especially under high-speed traction conditions, the wear resistance of the wide-body blade-shaped cutting teeth 430 is stronger. At the same time, their wide slag discharge channel can quickly discharge coal dust, reducing operating resistance and preventing stalling, thus achieving a balance between fast traction and stable operation. In addition, the pick-shaped cutting teeth 281 on the upper part of the bottom cutter holder 410 and the spaced pick-shaped cutting teeth 281 are used to handle hard coal or gangue near the bottom plate, preventing hard points from directly impacting the wide-body blade-shaped cutting teeth 430 and extending the service life of the bottom cutters.

[0051] The working process of an adjustable-height coal planer with a mixed blade arrangement is as follows:

[0052] After the traction mechanism is started, the planer body 110 is driven to reciprocate along the working surface through the guide chain frame 130.

[0053] During operation, vibration and mechanical sensors on the upper adjustable blade group 140 monitor the cutting conditions in real time. When the blade head approaches the roof and the sensor signals indicate a sudden increase in cutting resistance or an abnormal rise in vibration frequency, the controller determines that it has encountered roof rock or hard coal interlayers and immediately instructs the hydraulic control system to drive the upper blade holder 210 to lower rapidly, avoiding prolonged cutting of roof rock.

[0054] Meanwhile, the screw height adjustment mechanism of the central height adjustment cutter group 150 makes continuous or intermittent fine adjustments according to the preset straightness control strategy. The closely spaced mixed pick-type cutting teeth 281 are responsible for crushing the interbedded rock and hard nodules in the coal seam, while the knife-type cutting teeth 282 efficiently cut off the crushed coal body to ensure a flat cutting surface.

[0055] The bottom planer blade group 160 does not actively adjust its height. The pick-shaped cutting teeth 281 arranged at intervals above it treat the hard points near the bottom plate, while the two rows of wide-body blade-shaped cutting teeth 430 at the bottom continuously scrape off the floating coal on the bottom plate and act as a guide support to maintain the running stability of the planer head under rapid traction.

[0056] The three sets of cutting blades always overlap vertically, so no matter whether the cutting head is at a working height of 0.8m or 1.3m, the entire coal seam cross section can be completely cut without leaving any coal ridges or missed areas.

[0057] Through the upper hydraulic quick adjustment, the middle screw fine adjustment, the bottom fixed wide-body teeth, and the mixed arrangement of 282 pick-type and knife-type cutting teeth with different zones, the coal planer achieves self-adaptation to various complex working conditions such as sudden changes in the roof, interbedded gangue in the middle, floating coal on the bottom, and rapid traction, achieving efficient, flat, and low-loss coal planing operation.

Claims

1. A height-adjustable coal planer with a mixed arrangement of planer blades, comprising a planer body (110) and a group of planer blades disposed on the planer body, characterized in that: The planer blade group includes an upper planer blade group (140), a middle planer blade group (150), and a bottom planer blade group (160) arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The upper planer blade group (140) is connected to the planer body (110) through a hydraulic height adjustment mechanism, the middle planer blade group (150) is connected to the planer body (110) through a screw height adjustment mechanism, and the bottom planer blade group (160) is relatively fixed to the planer body (110). The upper planer blade group (140), the middle planer blade group (150), and the bottom planer blade group (160) all adopt a mixed arrangement of pick-type cutting teeth (281) and blade-type cutting teeth (282), and the mixed arrangement rules of each planer blade group are different from each other.

2. The adjustable-height coal planer with a mixed arrangement of planer blades according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutting teeth of the upper planer group (140) are arranged as follows: two rows of pick-type cutting teeth (281) are set at the top, and blade-type cutting teeth (282) are installed downwards in sequence. A pick-type cutting tooth (281) is set every two blade-type cutting teeth (282), and the bottom row is pick-type cutting teeth (281).

3. The adjustable-height coal planer with a mixed arrangement of planer blades according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutting teeth of the middle planer group (150) are arranged as follows: two rows of pick-type cutting teeth (281) are set at the top, and one pick-type cutting tooth (281) is set at every interval of one blade-type cutting tooth (282) downwards.

4. The adjustable-height coal planer with a mixed arrangement of planer blades according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom planer group (160) is arranged as follows: a row of pick-type cutting teeth (281) is set at the top, a pick-type cutting tooth (281) is set every other blade-type cutting tooth (282) downwards, and two rows of wide-body blade-type cutting teeth (430) are set at the bottom.

5. The adjustable-height coal planer with a mixed arrangement of planer blades according to claim 4, characterized in that, The wide-body cutting tooth (430) has multiple small alloy heads (520) inlaid on the front, side and back of the blade body, and its bottom width is 1.5 to 2 times the width of ordinary cutting teeth.

6. The adjustable-height coal planer with a mixed arrangement of planer blades according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The pick-shaped cutting teeth (281) and the knife-shaped cutting teeth (282) are both installed on the cutting tooth mounting base of each planer group through the fixed tooth seat (283) and the movable tooth seat (284). The pick-shaped cutting teeth (281) are inserted into the mounting hole of the movable tooth seat (284) and can rotate on their own. The outer surfaces of the fixed tooth seat (283) and the movable tooth seat (284) as well as the base surfaces of the pick-shaped cutting teeth (281) and the knife-shaped cutting teeth (282) are all provided with laser cladding layers (285).

7. The adjustable-height coal planer with a mixed arrangement of planer blades according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydraulic height adjustment mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder (142), the bottom of which is fixed to the planer body (110) or the middle planer body (170), and its piston rod is connected to the upper tool holder (210) of the upper planer group (140); the screw height adjustment mechanism includes a height adjustment motor (340) and a height adjustment screw (330), which engages with the internal thread (321) of the height adjustment block (320) to drive the middle tool holder (310) of the middle planer group (150) to move up and down.

8. The adjustable-height coal planer with a mixed arrangement of planer blades according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper planer group (140) is also equipped with a mechanical sensor (610) and / or a vibration sensor (620). The signal lines of the sensors are connected to the controller (630). The controller (630) determines whether to cut the top rock based on the sensor signals and sends a height adjustment command to the hydraulic height adjustment mechanism.

9. The adjustable-height coal planer with a mixed arrangement of planer blades according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutting ranges of the upper cutting blade group (140), the middle cutting blade group (150) and the bottom cutting blade group (160) in the vertical direction always partially overlap to avoid missed cutting or the formation of coal ridges.

10. The adjustable-height coal planer with a mixed arrangement of planer blades according to claim 9, characterized in that, The coal planer is continuously adjustable between the lowest and highest working heights, and the overlap between the upper and middle planer groups, as well as between the middle and bottom planer groups, is maintained at 50mm to 100mm.

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