An adaptive intelligent composite tunnel supporting system and construction method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of tunnel support, and discloses a self-adaptive intelligent composite tunnel support system and a construction method, which comprises an outer self-adaptive deformation layer made of an elastic deformation material, the outer side of which is in contact with a circumferential stratum of a tunnel; a yielding energy-absorbing structure layer arranged on the inner surface of the outer self-adaptive deformation layer, the inner side of which is in contact with the tunnel, the yielding energy-absorbing structure layer being internally provided with energy-absorbing material, and the arrangement density of the energy-absorbing material gradually changing from outside to inside. The outer self-adaptive deformation layer and the yielding energy-absorbing structure layer can synergistically precisely adapt to large deformation of surrounding rock gradient, the strain energy dissipation efficiency is effectively improved, and the brittle failure probability of the support structure is effectively reduced; the deformation data of the outer self-adaptive deformation layer and the pressure data of the yielding energy-absorbing structure layer are collected in real time, the support pressure of a hydraulic jack can be dynamically and passively adjusted in linkage, and the problem that the hydraulic support cannot respond to sudden deformation of layered soft rock due to the lack of real-time sensing feedback and the response lag is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel support technology, and in particular to an adaptive intelligent composite tunnel support system and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] With the intensive advancement of deep-buried railway tunnels and deep metal mine roadways in the central and western regions, the large deformation problem of layered soft rock surrounding rock has gradually become a core challenge in construction management. This type of surrounding rock often involves significant asymmetric deformation. Tunnel support is a core technology in tunnel engineering, primarily aimed at maintaining the stability of the surrounding rock, controlling deformation, and ensuring construction safety. However, when facing complex conditions such as large deformation of layered soft rock, existing tunnel support structures suffer from the following technical deficiencies: (1) Traditional rigid support adopts the support structure of I-beams + shotcrete, which relies on the rigidity of a single structure to resist deformation. Under the asymmetric deformation of deep-buried layered soft rock, it is prone to problems such as support breakage and concrete penetration cracking due to stress concentration. It requires frequent secondary reinforcement operations, which leads to a longer construction period and cannot adapt to the dynamic deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock.

[0003] (2) Passive yielding-energy-absorbing support allows the support structure to produce controllable displacement deformation under certain conditions. It releases the deformation energy of the surrounding rock through "yielding" and dissipates energy through the "energy absorption" mechanism, ultimately achieving the purpose of protecting the support structure and maintaining tunnel stability. However, the single-density energy-absorbing components used in this yielding-energy-absorbing support can only adapt to small deformations in a small range. When facing large deformations, the crushing rate is high. Moreover, there is no gradient energy absorption design, which cannot dynamically match the deformation rhythm of the surrounding rock. It is easy to have problems such as insufficient energy absorption, inability to buffer stress, or excessive energy absorption leading to premature failure.

[0004] (3) Tunnel hydraulic support refers to the use of hydraulic system as power source and control means. However, existing independent hydraulic support can only monitor pressure parameters in one direction and is not linked with energy absorption structure. The support pressure and deformation rhythm are often mismatched. Either the pressure overload will cause damage to the support structure, or the pressure is insufficient to restrain the continuous deformation of the surrounding rock. Moreover, there is no real-time sensor feedback, the response is lagging, and it cannot cope with the sudden deformation of layered soft rock.

[0005] (4) Tunnel support construction is mostly done by on-site pouring. The curing period is long in the deep-buried tunnel operation environment, and the construction efficiency is extremely low. Moreover, the modularity is low, and the assembly of complex sections takes a long time, making it difficult to meet the rapid construction needs of major infrastructure projects.

[0006] In view of this, how to provide a tunnel support structure and its construction method that partially or completely overcome the above-mentioned technical defects is a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adaptive intelligent composite tunnel support system and construction method, which solves the problems existing in the prior art based on outer layer deformation sensing, gradient density graded energy absorption and hydraulic support synergistic support.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an adaptive intelligent composite tunnel support system, comprising: The outer adaptive deformation layer is made of elastic deformation material and its outer side is in contact with the surrounding strata of the tunnel. A yielding energy-absorbing structure layer is disposed on the inner surface of the outer adaptive deformation layer, and its inner side is connected to the tunnel. The yielding energy-absorbing structure layer contains energy-absorbing material, and the density of the energy-absorbing material changes from the outside to the inside.

[0009] Furthermore, the outer adaptive deformation layer includes: The modified rubber-foam particle filling layer is made of butyl rubber and foam particles, and the modified rubber-foam particle filling layer is in contact with the circumferential strata of the tunnel. E-type flexible glass fiber woven mesh is arranged on the inner surface of the modified rubber-foam particle filling layer.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes a hydraulically adaptive support layer, which comprises: An arc-shaped aluminum alloy support plate is disposed on the inner side of the clearance energy-absorbing structure layer; Multiple hydraulic jacks are installed around the tunnel perimeter on the outside of the tunnel, with their hydraulic rods connected to the arc-shaped aluminum alloy support plate; Multiple miniature fiber optic strain sensors are uniformly spaced and embedded in the modified rubber-foam particle filling layer to detect deformation data and send it to the control center. Multiple fiber optic stress sensors are installed on the outside of the arc-shaped aluminum alloy support plate and connected to the energy-absorbing structure layer to collect pressure data and send it to the control center. Multiple pressure sensors, each corresponding to a hydraulic rod, are positioned at the junction of the hydraulic rod and the arc-shaped aluminum alloy support plate. These sensors collect the support force data of the hydraulic rod and transmit it to the control center. The control center adjusts the support force of the hydraulic rod based on the deformation and pressure data, and the adjustment is fed back to the control center via the pressure sensors.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes: A precast fiber-reinforced concrete slab is disposed on the outer surface of the tunnel. A C60 grouting material layer is formed between the precast fiber-reinforced concrete slab and the outer surface of the tunnel. A hydraulic jack is disposed on the precast fiber-reinforced concrete slab. The precast fiber-reinforced concrete slab is composed of multiple first precast modules. Each first precast module has a first tenon and mortise structure, and two adjacent first precast modules can be connected by the first tenon and mortise structure. Each first precast module has a first connecting hole through the first tenon and mortise structure, and a first connecting bolt is arranged in the first connecting hole for connecting and fixing two first precast modules.

[0012] Furthermore, an elastic sealing groove is provided between two adjacent first prefabricated modules, and an expansion rubber head is provided in the elastic sealing groove.

[0013] Furthermore, the yielding energy-absorbing structure layer is composed of multiple second prefabricated modules. Each second prefabricated module has built-in energy-absorbing material and a second tenon structure. Adjacent second prefabricated modules can be interlocked through the second tenon structure. Multiple second prefabricated modules are disposed on the inner surface of an E-shaped flexible glass fiber woven mesh, with a density gradient changing from the outside to the inside. Each second prefabricated module has a second connecting hole through the second tenon structure, and a second connecting bolt is arranged in the second connecting hole for connecting and fixing two second prefabricated modules.

[0014] Furthermore, the second prefabricated module includes: Corrugated steel sheet, using the crest and trough structure of the corrugated steel sheet as the second mortise and tenon structure; A connecting plate has two corrugated steel plates connected to its two ends respectively, and a cavity is formed between the connecting plate and the corrugated steel plates, which is filled with energy-absorbing material.

[0015] Furthermore, the energy-absorbing material is made of a mixture of glass fiber reinforced rubber and foamed concrete.

[0016] Furthermore, the E-type flexible glass fiber woven mesh is plain woven and its outer surface is coated with an alkali-resistant coating.

[0017] This invention also provides a construction method for an adaptive intelligent composite tunnel support system, used for constructing the adaptive intelligent composite tunnel support system, comprising the following steps: S1: Multiple first prefabricated modules are hoisted to the working face using tunnel hoisting equipment. The first tenon structure of adjacent first prefabricated modules is aligned, and the first connecting bolts are screwed in to connect and fix the two adjacent first prefabricated modules. Multiple first prefabricated modules are connected in sequence. At the same time, expansion rubber heads are filled into the elastic sealing groove to form a prefabricated fiber-reinforced concrete slab layer. C60 grouting material is poured between the prefabricated fiber-reinforced concrete slab layer and the outer surface of the tunnel to form a C60 grouting material layer. The C60 grouting material layer fixes the prefabricated fiber-reinforced concrete slab layer and the outer surface of the tunnel. The C60 grouting material layer is cured until it reaches the preset strength. S2: A control center and lead wires are arranged inside the tunnel. The lead wires are electrically connected to the control center. Steel supports are arranged circumferentially on the outer surface of the precast fiber-reinforced concrete slab. S3: Install the hydraulic jack onto the steel support, install a pressure sensor at the end of the hydraulic rod of the hydraulic jack, and then install an arc-shaped aluminum alloy support plate on the outside of the pressure sensor; arrange multiple fiber optic stress sensors evenly at intervals on the outer surface of the arc-shaped aluminum alloy support plate, and connect the pressure sensor and the fiber optic stress sensor to the lead wire. S4: Multiple second prefabricated modules are hoisted to the working face using tunnel hoisting equipment, the second tenon structure of adjacent second prefabricated modules is aligned, and the second connecting bolts are screwed in to connect and fix the two adjacent second prefabricated modules. Multiple second prefabricated modules are connected in sequence to form a yielding energy-absorbing structure layer. The inner side of the yielding energy-absorbing structure layer is connected to the arc-shaped aluminum alloy support plate and the fiber optic stress sensor. S5: Fully lay E-type flexible glass fiber woven mesh on the outside of the yielding energy-absorbing structure layer, temporarily fix the edge of the E-type flexible glass fiber woven mesh with steel nails, and fill the gap between the E-type flexible glass fiber woven mesh and the circumferential strata of the tunnel with a mixture of butyl rubber and foam particles to form an outer adaptive deformation layer. During the filling process, embed micro fiber optic strain sensors into the outer adaptive deformation layer and connect the micro fiber optic strain sensors to the lead wire.

[0018] The present invention discloses the following technical effects: 1. To address the shortcomings of traditional rigid support, this invention passively generates deformation through an outer adaptive deformation layer, while simultaneously setting a gradient density graded energy-absorbing yielding energy-absorbing structure layer on the inner side of the outer adaptive deformation layer. The synergistic effect of the two can accurately adapt to the large gradient deformation of the surrounding rock, effectively improve the strain energy dissipation efficiency, and effectively reduce the probability of brittle failure of the support structure, thus solving the shortcomings of traditional rigid support such as weak deformation resistance and high reinforcement frequency.

[0019] 2. Addressing the shortcomings of passive yielding-energy-absorbing support: This invention adopts a yielding energy-absorbing structural layer with varying density gradients, which can dissipate deformation energy of different magnitudes in stages from low density to medium density to high density (or more precise density range divisions). The energy absorption range is effectively expanded, solving the problem of being unable to dynamically match the deformation rhythm of the surrounding rock, which easily leads to insufficient energy absorption and inability to buffer stress or premature failure due to excessive energy absorption.

[0020] 3. Addressing the shortcomings of hydraulic support: This invention collects deformation data of the outer adaptive deformation layer and pressure data of the yielding energy-absorbing structure layer in real time, enabling dynamic and passive linkage adjustment of the support pressure of the hydraulic jacks. This solves the problem that hydraulic support lacks real-time sensor feedback, has a delayed response, and cannot cope with sudden deformation of layered soft rock.

[0021] 4. Addressing the drawback of low tunnel support construction efficiency: This invention adopts a prefabricated structure, which can prefabricate the fiber-reinforced concrete slab layer and the yield energy-absorbing structure layer and assemble them on the tunnel site, greatly improving construction efficiency and meeting the rapid construction needs of major infrastructure projects. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 Sensor layout diagram; Figure 3 Assembly drawing for the second prefabricated module; Figure 4 Assembly drawing of the first prefabricated module; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the second prefabricated module structure; The components include: 1. Modified rubber-foam particle filling layer; 2. E-type flexible glass fiber woven mesh; 3. Tunnel; 4. Stratum; 5. Yielding energy-absorbing structure layer; 6. Second connecting bolt; 7. Arc-shaped aluminum alloy support plate; 8. Hydraulic jack; 9. Hydraulic rod; 10. Miniature fiber optic strain sensor; 11. Fiber optic stress sensor; 12. Pressure sensor; 13. C60 grouting material layer; 14. First prefabricated module; 15. Expanding rubber head; 16. Second prefabricated module; 1601. Corrugated steel plate; 1602. Connecting plate; 1603. Energy-absorbing material; 17. Second connecting hole. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Those skilled in the art will understand that the term "comprising" as used in this application means the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. It should be understood that when we say an element is "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element, or there may be intermediate elements present. Furthermore, "connected" or "coupled" as used herein can include wireless connections or wireless coupling. The term "and / or" as used herein includes all or any unit and all combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0026] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0027] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides an adaptive intelligent composite tunnel support system, comprising: The outer adaptive deformation layer is made of elastic deformation material and its outer side is in contact with the surrounding stratum 4 of tunnel 3. The energy-absorbing structure layer 5 is disposed on the inner surface of the outer adaptive deformation layer, and its inner side is connected to the tunnel 3. The energy-absorbing structure layer 5 contains energy-absorbing material 1603, and the density of the energy-absorbing material 1603 changes from the outside to the inside.

[0028] In this embodiment, the outer adaptive deformation layer includes: The modified rubber-foam particle filling layer 1 is made of butyl rubber and foam particles. The modified rubber-foam particle filling layer 1 is in contact with the surrounding strata 4 of the tunnel 3. This modified rubber-foam particle filling layer 1 can adapt to the small deformation of the surrounding rock in the early stage. E-type flexible glass fiber woven mesh 2 is arranged on the inner surface of the modified rubber-foam particle filling layer 1.

[0029] In this embodiment, a hydraulic adaptive support layer is also included, which includes: An arc-shaped aluminum alloy support plate 7 is disposed on the inner side of the yielding energy-absorbing structure layer 5; Multiple hydraulic jacks 8 are installed around the outside of the tunnel 3, with their hydraulic rods 9 connected to the arc-shaped aluminum alloy support plate 7. Multiple miniature fiber optic strain sensors 10 are uniformly spaced and embedded in the modified rubber-foam particle filling layer 1 (50cm apart) to detect deformation data and send it to the control center; Multiple fiber optic stress sensors 11 are disposed on the outside of the arc-shaped aluminum alloy support plate 7 and connected to the energy-absorbing structure layer 5 for collecting pressure data and sending it to the control center. Multiple pressure sensors 12, corresponding one-to-one with the hydraulic rod 9, are installed at the junction of the hydraulic rod 9 and the arc-shaped aluminum alloy support plate 7. They are used to collect the support force data of the hydraulic rod 9 and send it to the control center. The control center adjusts the support force of the hydraulic rod 9 based on the deformation data and pressure data, and feeds it back to the control center through the pressure sensors 12.

[0030] In this embodiment, it also includes: A precast fiber-reinforced concrete slab is disposed on the outer surface of tunnel 3. A C60 grouting material layer 13 is formed between the precast fiber-reinforced concrete slab and the outer surface of tunnel 3. A hydraulic jack 8 is disposed on the precast fiber-reinforced concrete slab. The precast fiber-reinforced concrete slab is composed of multiple first precast modules 14. Each first precast module 14 has a first tenon and mortise structure. Two adjacent first precast modules 14 can be connected by the first tenon and mortise structure. A first connecting hole is provided in the first tenon and mortise structure of each first precast module 14. A first connecting bolt is arranged in the first connecting hole for connecting and fixing two first precast modules 14.

[0031] In this embodiment, the overall dimensions of the precast fiber-reinforced concrete slab are 2000mm × 1000mm × 150mm, with a strength of C60. Each first precast module 14 contains an embedded HRB400 steel mesh. In this embodiment, an elastic sealing groove is provided between two adjacent first prefabricated modules 14, and an expansion rubber head 15 is provided in the elastic sealing groove. The expansion rubber head 15 can expand when exposed to water, which can provide basic support rigidity and adapt to the slight deformation of the middle layer to avoid cracking of the plate.

[0032] In this embodiment, the yielding energy-absorbing structure layer 5 is composed of multiple second prefabricated modules 16. The second prefabricated modules 16 have built-in energy-absorbing material 1603 and a second mortise and tenon structure. Two adjacent second prefabricated modules 16 can be connected by the second mortise and tenon structure. Multiple second prefabricated modules 16 are disposed on the inner surface of the E-type flexible glass fiber woven mesh 2, and their density gradient changes from the outside to the inside. The second prefabricated modules 16 are provided with a second connecting hole 17 through the second mortise and tenon structure. The second connecting bolt 6 is arranged in the second connecting hole 17 for connecting and fixing two second prefabricated modules 16.

[0033] In this embodiment, the second connecting bolt 6 is made of 304 stainless steel, which can buffer the overall deformation stress of the yielding energy-absorbing structure layer 5 and ensure the integrity of the yielding energy-absorbing structure layer 5.

[0034] In this embodiment, the second prefabrication module 16 includes: Corrugated steel plate 1601, with the crest and trough structure of corrugated steel plate 1601 as the second mortise and tenon structure; A connecting plate 1602 has two corrugated steel plates 1601 connected to its two ends respectively. The connecting plate 1602 and the corrugated steel plates 1601 form a cavity, which is filled with energy-absorbing material 1603.

[0035] In this embodiment, the energy-absorbing material 1603 is made of a mixture of glass fiber reinforced rubber and foamed concrete. Its overall dimensions are 1000mm (circumferential) × 500mm (radial) × 300mm (longitudinal). The density gradient from the outside to the inside can be divided into three levels: low density → medium density → high density. The corresponding positions are the outer layer, middle layer and inner layer, which can adapt to graded energy absorption for different levels of deformation.

[0036] In this embodiment, the E-type flexible glass fiber woven mesh 2 is plain woven and its outer surface is coated with an alkali-resistant coating.

[0037] In this embodiment, the control center includes a main control computer, a hydraulic control unit, and a threshold early warning unit. The main control computer is equipped with support adaptive control software, supporting data visualization and manual intervention. The hydraulic control unit adjusts the jack pressure. The threshold early warning unit triggers audible and visual warnings when parameters exceed limits, achieving intelligent management and control throughout the entire support cycle. The software and corresponding computer programs used in the control center can be based on existing technologies and are not limited here.

[0038] This invention also provides a construction method for an adaptive intelligent composite tunnel support system, used for constructing the adaptive intelligent composite tunnel support system, comprising the following steps: Pre-construction exploration and design: Ground-penetrating radar was used to scan the excavation face of the target tunnel 3 and the surrounding rock within a 20m radius to identify the bedding angles and distribution range of the layered soft rock; physical and mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock were obtained by core drilling; and a three-dimensional deformation model of the surrounding rock was established based on the exploration results to determine the layout range and installation spacing of each layer of support.

[0039] S1: Multiple first prefabricated modules 14 are hoisted to the working face using the hoisting equipment of Tunnel 3. The first tenon structure of adjacent first prefabricated modules 14 is aligned, and the first connecting bolts are screwed in to connect and fix two adjacent first prefabricated modules 14. Multiple first prefabricated modules 14 are connected in sequence. At the same time, expansion rubber heads 15 are filled into the elastic sealing groove to form a prefabricated fiber-reinforced concrete slab. C60 grouting material is poured between the prefabricated fiber-reinforced concrete slab and the outer surface of Tunnel 3 to form a C60 grouting material layer 13. The C60 grouting material layer 13 fixes the prefabricated fiber-reinforced concrete slab and the outer surface of Tunnel 3. The C60 grouting material layer 13 is cured until it reaches the preset strength. S2: A control center and lead wires are arranged inside Tunnel 3. The lead wires are electrically connected to the control center. Steel supports are arranged circumferentially on the outer surface of the precast fiber-reinforced concrete slab. The steel supports are reinforced with expansion bolts to ensure the flatness of the steel supports. S3: Install the hydraulic jack 8 onto the steel support, install the pressure sensor 12 at the end of the hydraulic rod 9 of the hydraulic jack 8, and then install the arc-shaped aluminum alloy support plate 7 on the outside of the pressure sensor 12; arrange multiple fiber optic stress sensors 11 evenly at intervals on the outer surface of the arc-shaped aluminum alloy support plate 7, and connect the pressure sensor 12 and the fiber optic stress sensor 11 to the lead wire. S4: Multiple second prefabricated modules 16 are hoisted to the working face using the hoisting equipment in Tunnel 3. The second tenon structure of adjacent second prefabricated modules 16 is aligned, and the second connecting bolts 6 are screwed in to connect and fix two adjacent second prefabricated modules 16. Multiple second prefabricated modules 16 are connected in sequence to form a clearance energy-absorbing structure layer 5. The inner side of the clearance energy-absorbing structure layer is connected to the arc-shaped aluminum alloy support plate 7 and the fiber optic stress sensor 11. S5: Fully lay E-type flexible glass fiber woven mesh 2 on the outside of the yielding energy-absorbing structure layer 5, and temporarily fix the edge of the E-type flexible glass fiber woven mesh 2 with steel nails. Coat the outer surface of the E-type flexible glass fiber woven mesh 2 with a 0.2mm thick alkali-resistant coating to adapt to the surrounding rock environment. Fill the gap between the E-type flexible glass fiber woven mesh 2 and the surrounding stratum 4 of the tunnel 3 in layers with a mixture of butyl rubber and foam particles to form an outer adaptive deformation layer. During the filling process, embed a micro fiber optic strain sensor 10 into the outer adaptive deformation layer and connect the micro fiber optic strain sensor 10 to the lead wire.

[0040] In other embodiments, wireless transmission can also be used between the sensors and the control center, for example, using a LoRa wireless transmission module, which can also realize the real-time acquisition and transmission of various parameters.

[0041] In some other embodiments, the following steps are also included: S6: Start the control center, preset the deformation rate threshold and hydraulic support pressure range; simulate small deformation conditions of the surrounding rock to verify the synergy of sensor data transmission, hydraulic support pressure increase, and energy absorption in the low-density area of ​​the energy-absorbing structure layer 5; then simulate large deformation conditions to test the functions of sequential energy absorption in the medium and high density areas, stable support pressure within a controllable range, and triggering audible and visual warnings by the threshold warning unit in a very short time, and debug until all parameters meet the design requirements.

[0042] S7: After commissioning, the system is statically cured for 48 hours, during which sensor data is collected every 12 hours. After curing, the deformation rate of the surrounding rock and the support pressure are monitored every 24 hours. The stress data of the energy absorption module is collected once a month to evaluate its dissipation performance and ensure the long-term stability of the support system.

[0043] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0044] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0045] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0046] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive intelligent composite tunnel support system, characterized in that, include: The outer adaptive deformation layer is made of elastic deformation material and its outer side is in contact with the circumferential strata (4) of the tunnel (3); The yielding energy-absorbing structure layer (5) is set on the inner surface of the outer adaptive deformation layer, and its inner side is connected to the tunnel (3). The yielding energy-absorbing structure layer (5) contains energy-absorbing material (1603), and the energy-absorbing material (1603) has a density gradient from the outside to the inside. The outer adaptive deformation layer includes: The modified rubber-foam particle filling layer (1) is made of butyl rubber and foam particles, and the modified rubber-foam particle filling layer (1) is in contact with the circumferential strata (4) of the tunnel (3); E-type flexible glass fiber woven mesh (2) is arranged on the inner surface of the modified rubber-foam particle filling layer (1); The yielding energy-absorbing structure layer (5) is composed of multiple second prefabricated modules (16). The second prefabricated modules (16) have built-in energy-absorbing material (1603). The second prefabricated modules (16) have a second tenon structure. Two adjacent second prefabricated modules (16) can be connected by the second tenon structure. Multiple second prefabricated modules (16) are set on the inner surface of the E-type flexible glass fiber woven mesh (2), and its density gradient changes from the outside to the inside. The second prefabricated modules (16) have a second connecting hole (17) through the second tenon structure. The second connecting bolt (6) is arranged in the second connecting hole (17) for connecting and fixing two second prefabricated modules (16). The second prefabricated module (16) includes: Corrugated steel plate (1601), with the crest and trough structure of corrugated steel plate (1601) as the second tenon structure; A connecting plate (1602) has two corrugated steel plates (1601) connected to its two ends respectively. A cavity is formed between the connecting plate (1602) and the corrugated steel plates (1601), and the cavity is filled with energy-absorbing material (1603).

2. The adaptive intelligent composite tunnel support system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a hydraulically adaptive support layer, which comprises: An arc-shaped aluminum alloy support plate (7) is disposed on the inner side of the yielding energy-absorbing structure layer (5); Multiple hydraulic jacks (8) are arranged around the outside of the tunnel (3) along the circumference of the tunnel (3), and their hydraulic rods (9) are connected to the arc-shaped aluminum alloy support plate (7); Multiple miniature fiber optic strain sensors (10) are uniformly spaced and embedded in the modified rubber-foam particle filling layer (1) to detect deformation data and send it to the control center; Multiple fiber optic stress sensors (11) are set on the outside of the arc-shaped aluminum alloy support plate (7) and connected to the yielding energy absorption structure layer (5) to collect pressure data and send it to the control center. Multiple pressure sensors (12) are positioned at the junction of the hydraulic rod (9) and the arc-shaped aluminum alloy support plate (7), corresponding one-to-one with the hydraulic rod (9). They are used to collect the support force data of the hydraulic rod (9) and send it to the control center. The control center adjusts the support force of the hydraulic rod (9) based on the deformation data and pressure data, and feeds it back to the control center through the pressure sensors (12).

3. The adaptive intelligent composite tunnel support system according to claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: A precast fiber-reinforced concrete slab is set on the outer surface of the tunnel (3). A C60 grouting material layer (13) is formed between the precast fiber-reinforced concrete slab and the outer surface of the tunnel (3). The hydraulic jack (8) is set on the precast fiber-reinforced concrete slab. The precast fiber-reinforced concrete slab is composed of multiple first precast modules (14). The first precast module (14) has a first tenon structure. Two adjacent first precast modules (14) can be connected by the first tenon structure. The first precast module (14) has a first connecting hole through the first tenon structure. The first connecting bolt is arranged in the first connecting hole for connecting and fixing two first precast modules (14).

4. The adaptive intelligent composite tunnel support system according to claim 3, characterized in that, An elastic sealing groove is provided between two adjacent first prefabricated modules (14), and an expansion rubber head (15) is provided in the elastic sealing groove.

5. The adaptive intelligent composite tunnel support system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The energy-absorbing material (1603) is made of a mixture of glass fiber reinforced rubber and foamed concrete.

6. The adaptive intelligent composite tunnel support system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The E-type flexible glass fiber woven mesh (2) is plain woven and its outer surface is coated with an alkali-resistant coating.

7. A construction method for an adaptive intelligent composite tunnel support system, characterized in that, The adaptive intelligent composite tunnel support system according to claim 6 is used in construction, comprising the following steps: S1: Multiple first precast modules (14) are hoisted to the working face by the hoisting equipment of the tunnel (3), the first tenon structure of the adjacent first precast modules (14) is aligned, and the first connecting bolts are screwed in to connect and fix the two adjacent first precast modules (14). Multiple first precast modules (14) are connected in sequence, and at the same time, the expansion rubber head (15) is filled in the elastic sealing groove to form a precast fiber reinforced concrete slab. C60 grout is poured between the precast fiber reinforced concrete slab and the outer surface of the tunnel (3) to form a C60 grout layer (13). The C60 grout layer (13) fixes the precast fiber reinforced concrete slab and the outer surface of the tunnel (3) and is cured until the C60 grout layer (13) reaches the preset strength. S2: A control center and lead wires are arranged inside the tunnel (3). The lead wires are electrically connected to the control center. Steel supports are arranged circumferentially on the outer surface of the precast fiber-reinforced concrete slab. S3: Install the hydraulic jack (8) onto the steel support, install a pressure sensor (12) at the end of the hydraulic rod (9) of the hydraulic jack (8), and then install an arc-shaped aluminum alloy support plate (7) on the outside of the pressure sensor (12); arrange multiple fiber optic stress sensors (11) evenly at intervals on the outer surface of the arc-shaped aluminum alloy support plate (7), and connect the pressure sensor (12) and the fiber optic stress sensor (11) to the lead wire; S4: Multiple second prefabricated modules (16) are hoisted to the working face through the hoisting equipment of tunnel (3), the second tenon structure of the adjacent second prefabricated modules (16) is aligned, and the second connecting bolts (6) are screwed in to connect and fix the two adjacent second prefabricated modules (16). Multiple second prefabricated modules (16) are connected in sequence to form a yielding energy-absorbing structure layer (5). The inner side of the yielding energy-absorbing structure layer is connected to the arc-shaped aluminum alloy support plate (7) and the fiber optic stress sensor (11). S5: Fully lay E-type flexible glass fiber woven mesh (2) on the outside of the yielding energy-absorbing structure layer (5), temporarily fix the edge of the E-type flexible glass fiber woven mesh (2) with steel nails, and fill the gap between the E-type flexible glass fiber woven mesh (2) and the circumferential stratum (4) of the tunnel (3) with a mixture of butyl rubber and foam particles to form an outer adaptive deformation layer. During the filling process, embed a micro fiber grating strain sensor (10) into the outer adaptive deformation layer and connect the micro fiber grating strain sensor (10) to the lead wire.

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