A blasting device and a rock directional forming blasting method
By setting fracturing grooves on the inner wall of the blasting tube, the directional effect of the blasting gas is utilized to solve the problem of disordered energy diffusion in traditional blasting, realize the directional shaping of rocks, and improve engineering efficiency and resource utilization.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BEIJING ZHONGKUANG INNOVATION ALLIANCE ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCI RES INST
- Filing Date
- 2026-06-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-21
Smart Images
Figure CN122429686A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of blasting technology, and more specifically, to a blasting device and a method for directional rock shaping blasting. Background Technology
[0002] Drilling and blasting is a core technology for rock excavation and stone mining, and it is widely used. However, traditional blasting relies on the instantaneous release of energy by blasting devices to break up rock, and the energy diffuses randomly, making it difficult to precisely control the direction of action.
[0003] On the one hand, the excessive disturbance of the surrounding rock by the blast shock wave causes deep damage, affects the stability of the rock mass structure, and increases the cost of subsequent support. On the other hand, the rock blocks formed after blasting are uneven in size and have irregular outlines, which cannot directly meet the requirements of engineering masonry and processing. A large number of irregular rock masses can only be treated as waste, which not only wastes resources but also generates a huge amount of solid waste, increasing the cost of transportation and environmental disposal. At the same time, the irregular excavation face needs to be repaired again, which prolongs the construction period and further reduces the overall economic benefits and construction efficiency of the project.
[0004] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section above is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention
[0005] This disclosure provides a blasting device and a rock directional shaping blasting method, which can solve the problems of disordered energy diffusion, large damage to surrounding rock, irregular rock blocks and a lot of waste in traditional blasting, and realize the directional shaping of rocks.
[0006] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a blasting device is provided for rock-oriented shaping blasting, the blasting device comprising: A bursting tube, wherein a plurality of fracturing grooves extending along the axial direction of the bursting tube are provided on the inner wall of the bursting tube, the plurality of fracturing grooves are distributed circumferentially at intervals along the circumference of the bursting tube, the groove openings of the fracturing grooves face the inside of the bursting tube, and the groove bodies extend radially outward along the bursting tube. An initiator is disposed inside the blasting tube. When activated, the initiator generates explosive gas. A portion of the explosive gas can be ejected through the fracturing groove and impact the rock borehole wall corresponding to the fracturing groove to generate initial damage. Another portion of the explosive gas can act on the tube wall in the non-fracturing groove area of the blasting tube, causing the tube wall in that area to expand radially and apply expansion pressure to the corresponding rock borehole wall, thereby forming tensile stress concentration at the initial damage site. Radial initial tensile cracks are formed at the tensile stress concentration site. The explosive gas rushes into the initial tensile cracks to form a directional fracture surface on the rock borehole wall.
[0007] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the width of the fracturing groove gradually decreases from the axis of the rupture tube toward the outer side of the tube wall along the radial direction of the rupture tube.
[0008] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the fracturing groove is V-shaped in the cross-section of the rupture tube.
[0009] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, a plurality of the fracturing grooves are arranged at uniform intervals in the circumferential direction of the rupture tube.
[0010] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the radial cross-section of the rupture tube is circular.
[0011] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a method for directional rock shaping blasting is provided, comprising the following steps: S1, Determine the location of the preset fracture surface on the rock mass to be blasted; S2, a plurality of holes are made at the position of the preset fracture surface, the inner diameter of the holes being adapted to the outer diameter of the rupture tube according to any one of claims 1-5; S3, placing the blasting device according to any one of claims 1-5 in each of the plurality of holes, and arranging the crack-inducing grooves in accordance with the preset fracture surface, so that the fracture surface is formed after the crack expands; S4, Seal the hole; S5, detonate the explosive device in each of the holes.
[0012] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, in step S2, a plurality of holes are arranged in multiple rows and columns and enclosed to form a closed polygon, with each row and column of holes corresponding to a preset fracture surface of the rock mass to be blasted.
[0013] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the extension direction of the fracturing groove is consistent with the extension direction of the corresponding row or column of holes, so that the rock mass to be blasted forms cracks and a fracture surface along the corresponding preset fracture surface.
[0014] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, in step S5, the blasting devices in the corresponding holes are detonated sequentially along each row or column at preset time intervals.
[0015] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, in step S3, when there are multiple blasting devices connected in series in a hole, the negative lead of the blasting device is led out from the gap between the blasting device and the hole, avoiding the area where the fracturing groove is located.
[0016] The detonator of the explosive device disclosed herein is activated within a sealed blasting tube, generating explosive gas that causes a sudden increase in pressure within the tube. Part of the gas rushes out from the fracturing groove and impacts the borehole wall of the rock mass, forming initial damage. The other part causes the blasting tube to expand radially, applying continuous expansion pressure to the borehole wall in the non-fracturing groove area. Due to the high compressive strength and low tensile strength of the rock, the expansion pressure induces tensile stress concentration at the initial damage site and forms an initial tensile crack. Subsequently, the gas enters the crack and generates a gas wedge effect. Combined with the impact and expansion pressure, the crack continues to extend and penetrate, eventually forming a directional fracture surface, thereby achieving directional shaping of the rock.
[0017] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Attached Figure Description
[0018] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this disclosure, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort.
[0019] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of a blasting device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 2 This is a front view of a blasting device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 3 This is a top view of the rupture tube in one embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Sectional view at point AA; Figure 5 This is a top view of the rupture tube in another embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the forces acting during the blasting of a blasting tube in one embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the forces acting during the blasting of a blasting tube in one embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the forces acting during the blasting of a blasting tube in one embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 9 This is a flowchart of the rock directional shaping blasting method disclosed herein; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of determining a preset fracture surface on the rock to be blasted in the rock directional shaping blasting method of this disclosure; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of creating holes in the rock to be blasted in the rock directional shaping blasting method disclosed herein; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of placing a blasting device into a hole in the rock directional shaping blasting method disclosed herein; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of placing a blasting device into a hole in the rock directional shaping blasting method disclosed herein; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the fracture surface formed after blasting in the rock directional shaping blasting method disclosed herein; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of creating holes in the rock to be blasted in a rock directional shaping blasting method according to another embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of placing a blasting device into a hole in a rock directional shaping blasting method according to another embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of multiple blasting devices connected in series in the rock directional shaping blasting method disclosed herein; Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of multiple rows or columns of blasting devices connected in series in the rock directional shaping blasting method disclosed herein.
[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1-Explosive device; 11-Burning tube; 111-Fracturing groove; 12-Initiator; 121-Energetic material; 122-Fuse; 123a-Positive lead; 123b-Negative lead; 124-Coupled medium; 125-Detonator; 126-Series lead; 127-Filling tube; 128-Fixing component; 2-Rock mass to be blasted; 21-Preset fracture surface; 22-Void; 23-Fraction surface; 3-Sealing materials. Detailed Implementation
[0021] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, they are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and therefore detailed descriptions of them will be omitted. Furthermore, the drawings are merely illustrative of this disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale.
[0022] Although relative terms such as "up" and "down" are used in this specification to describe the relative relationship of one component of an icon to another, these terms are used only for convenience, such as according to the orientation of the examples shown in the accompanying drawings. It is understood that if the device of the icon is flipped upside down, the component described as "up" will become the component described as "down." When a structure is "up" of another structure, it may mean that the structure is integrally formed on the other structure, or that the structure is "directly" mounted on the other structure, or that the structure is "indirectly" mounted on the other structure through another structure.
[0023] The terms “a,” “one,” “the,” “the,” and “at least one” are used to indicate the presence of one or more elements / components / etc.; the terms “including” and “having” are used to indicate an open-ended inclusion and to mean that there may be other elements / components / etc. in addition to the listed elements / components / etc.; the terms “first” and “second” are used only as markers and are not a limitation on the number of objects.
[0024] This disclosure provides a blasting device and a method for directional rock shaping blasting. The blasting device is used for directional rock shaping blasting, wherein the rock includes, but is not limited to, natural stone, rock slope, tunnel surrounding rock, foundation pit rock mass, and quarrying quarry stone. Applicable scenarios cover engineering fields such as regular stone quarrying, precise rock contour excavation, tunnel and underground engineering contour shaping, slope trimming, foundation pit rock cutting, and building stone forming and processing, without special limitations. The blasting device in this disclosure achieves regular rock block forming by directionally controlling the rock fracture path, which can not only meet the forming requirements of engineering structures, but also improve the utilization rate of stone and reduce the damage to surrounding rock and waste generation caused by disordered blasting.
[0025] The following will describe specific embodiments and appendices. Figure 1-18 The technical solution of the blasting device and rock directional shaping blasting method of this application is further explained.
[0026] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, the blasting device 1 of this disclosure includes a blasting tube 11 and an initiator 12. Multiple fracturing grooves 111 extending axially along the inner wall of the blasting tube 11 are provided. These grooves are distributed circumferentially around the blasting tube 11, with the openings of the grooves facing the interior of the blasting tube 11 and the grooves extending radially outward along the blasting tube 11. The initiator 12 is disposed inside the blasting tube 11. When activated, the initiator 12 generates explosive gas. A portion of the explosive gas can be ejected through the fracturing grooves 111 and impact the rock borehole wall corresponding to the fracturing grooves 111 to generate initial damage. Another portion of the explosive gas can act on the tube wall of the blasting tube 11 in areas other than the fracturing grooves, causing the tube wall in that area to expand radially and apply expansion pressure to the corresponding rock borehole wall, thereby forming tensile stress concentration at the initial damage site. A radial initial tensile crack is formed at the tensile stress concentration site, and the explosive gas enters the initial tensile crack to form a directional fracture surface on the rock borehole wall.
[0027] Specifically, when the blasting device 1 of this disclosure is working, after the detonator 12 is triggered inside the blasting tube 11, it instantly releases a large amount of high-temperature and high-pressure explosive gas (wherein, the high-temperature and high-pressure explosive gas is a large amount of gaseous products generated instantaneously by the rapid energy release reaction of the internal reaction components after the detonator 12 is triggered inside the sealed blasting tube 11, and these gaseous products accumulate under the constraint of the sealed space and are accompanied by heat release from the reaction, thus forming a high-temperature and high-pressure high-energy gaseous medium). Since the explosive body cannot be released in time within the closed blasting tube 11, the pressure inside the tube rises sharply. At this time, the gas is divided into two parts to play a role: a part of the explosive gas can rush out through the fracturing groove 111 and impact the rock mass borehole wall corresponding to the fracturing groove to generate initial damage ( Figure 6 The force referred to in P1), another part of the explosive gas can act on the pipe wall of the non-fracture groove area of the rupture tube 11 ( Figure 6 The force referred to in P2 causes the pipe wall in that area to expand radially and apply expansion pressure to the corresponding rock mass borehole wall. Figure 7 The force referred to in P4 is used to create tensile stress concentration at the initial damage site.
[0028] See Figures 6 to 8 Because rock materials have high compressive strength and low tensile strength, the borehole wall in the expansion pressure zone remains largely undamaged. However, at the borehole wall where initial damage was caused by impact, tensile stress concentration occurs due to the expansion pressure. Figure 7 The force referred to in P3), which in turn forms an initial tensile crack at the point of tensile stress concentration. Subsequently, the explosive gas continues to rush into the initial tensile crack, forming a "gas wedge" effect at the crack tip. Figure 8The force referred to in P5 causes the initial tensile crack to continue to expand unstably. Under the combined action of the impact of the explosive gas, the gas wedge effect, and the expansion pressure of the pipe wall in the non-fractured groove 111 zone on the borehole wall, the initial tensile crack extends and penetrates further, eventually forming a directional fracture surface, thereby achieving directional shaping fracture of the rock.
[0029] The rupture tube 11 can be made of polyvinyl chloride polymer material with flame retardant properties through 3D printing.
[0030] The detonator 12 in the blasting device 1 is the core component for triggering the blast and releasing energy. In one embodiment provided in this disclosure, it is mainly composed of energetic material 121, fuse 122, lead wire, and coupling medium 124. The components work together to complete the detonation and energy transfer. The specific structure and function are as follows: The core of the detonator 12 is energetic material 121, which is located in the middle of the blasting device 1. The energetic material 121 can be a high-energy gas fracturing agent made from raw materials such as coal powder, coal gangue powder, potassium permanganate powder and calcium peroxide powder. After being triggered, it can release a large amount of explosive gas instantly, providing an energy basis for directional rock blasting.
[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, the energetic material 121 has a built-in fuse 122, which is used to trigger the reaction of the energetic material 121. Its positive and negative electrodes are respectively connected to positive electrode lead 123a and negative electrode lead 123b. The other ends of the positive electrode lead 123a and negative electrode lead 123b are connected to the detonator 125. The main functions are to transmit current and trigger the fuse 122 to act, thereby causing the energetic material 121 to release energy.
[0032] To achieve the fixation, sealing and energy transfer of energetic material 121, a coupling medium 124 is provided at both ends inside the blasting device 1. The coupling medium 124 can be solid, gas or liquid. In this embodiment, sand particles are used as an example. It can not only fix and seal the energetic material 121, but also assist in transferring the blasting energy released by the energetic material 121 after it is ignited, so as to ensure that the energy acts directionally on the rock mass.
[0033] Furthermore, the connection method of the detonator 12 can be adjusted according to the number of blasting devices 1 arranged in the borehole. For example, when only a single blasting device 1 is used in a single borehole, there is no need to set up a series lead wire 126; when multiple blasting devices 1 are used in a single borehole, each blasting device 1 can be connected in sequence through the series lead wire 126, thereby realizing the synchronous or sequential detonation control of multiple detonators 12.
[0034] The detonator 12 may also include a packing tube 127, which may be a thin film structure made of polymer material. Energetic materials can be loaded into the packing tube 127 to isolate external moisture and play a role in waterproofing and moisture prevention. A fixing member 128 may be provided between the coupling medium 124 and the packing tube 127. The fixing member 128 may be a perforated iron sheet, or other components that can be used to limit the packing tube 127.
[0035] The fuse 122 can be an electric heating element such as an electric heating wire or an electric heating plate that can generate heat when energized. For example, the initiator head can be a copper sheet. When the lead wire is connected to the current, the temperature of the copper sheet will rise, thereby igniting the energetic material 121 (high-energy gas fracturing agent).
[0036] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, such as Figure 3 As shown, along the radial direction of the rupture tube 11, the width of the cracking groove 111 gradually decreases from the axis of the rupture tube 11 towards the outer side of the tube wall.
[0037] Thus, the groove width gradually narrows from the axis to the outside, forming a funnel-shaped structure that is "wider inside and narrower outside". After detonation, the high-temperature and high-pressure explosive gas gathers inside the fracturing groove 111 and is gradually compressed. It can be directionally guided by the groove to the outside of its pipe wall, avoiding gas diffusion and energy dissipation. This concentrates the energy on the rock borehole wall corresponding to the fracturing groove 111, ensuring that the rock forms a regular fracture surface 23 along the preset direction. Moreover, this gradually narrowing structure can also reduce the energy loss of the explosive gas in the fracturing groove 111, allowing the gas to break through the pipe wall with higher pressure and higher concentration and act on the rock mass, achieving a more efficient fracturing effect without increasing the amount of energetic material 121.
[0038] Furthermore, the fracture groove 111, as a pre-designed weak point of the blasting tube 11, has a gradually narrowing groove width that can concentrate stress in the narrow opening near the outer side of the tube wall. When detonated, the fracture groove 111 can fracture precisely and orderly in the radial direction, avoiding irregular damage to the main body of the blasting tube 11, improving the working stability of the blasting device 1, and ensuring consistent gas directional injection path, further enhancing the controllability of directional fracture.
[0039] In addition, considering the high compressive strength and low tensile strength of the rock, the rock borehole wall first forms initial damage under the action of concentrated gas impact force; subsequently, under the action of the expansion pressure of the pipe wall, significant tensile stress concentration occurs at the initial damage location. The gradually narrowing fracture groove 111 can guide the high-pressure gas to continuously act on the fracture tip, and with the "gas wedge" effect, promote the stable expansion of the fracture along the preset direction, thereby effectively avoiding the fracture from deviating or extending randomly, and finally forming a flat and continuous directional fracture surface 23.
[0040] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the cracking groove 111 is shaped on the cross-section of the rupture tube 11.
[0041] Because the two side walls of the V-shaped structure are symmetrically inclined, they can naturally guide and converge the explosive gases, causing the high-pressure gases to be concentrated and ejected along the angle of the V-shape, further enhancing the directional output of energy and preventing energy from dissipating in non-preset directions. Furthermore, the V-shaped tip faces the rock mass borehole wall, which can concentrate the stress generated by the detonation at the tip position, ensuring that the fracture location is unique and the fracture path is stable, thus avoiding disordered fracture.
[0042] In addition, the V-shaped opening facilitates the rapid entry of high-pressure gas into the crack and forms a continuous gas wedge effect, which drives the crack to expand stably in the predetermined direction, reduces crack deflection and bifurcation, and ultimately forms a smoother and more continuous fracture surface 23, further improving the accuracy and quality of rock orientation forming.
[0043] Of course, the shape of the fracturing groove 111 is not limited to the above form. For example, the shape of the fracturing groove 111 on the cross-section of the rupture tube 11 may include, but is not limited to, V-shaped, U-shaped, trapezoidal, dovetail-shaped and arc-shaped tapering type.
[0044] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, such as Figures 3 to 5 As shown, multiple fracturing grooves 111 are evenly spaced around the circumference of the rupture tube 11. The number of fracturing grooves 111 can be determined according to the actual situation, such as 2, 3, 4 or more, and is not specifically limited here. In the preferred embodiment, the number of fracturing grooves 111 can be 2, 3 or 4.
[0045] In this way, multiple fracturing grooves 111 are evenly spaced around the blasting tube 11. On the one hand, this can ensure that the blasting energy is evenly distributed along the circumference, avoiding excessive local energy concentration that could cause disordered rock fragmentation, and ensuring that the rock can simultaneously fracture and stably expand in multiple preset directions around the circumference. On the other hand, it can make the expansion stress of the blasting tube 11 after detonation more uniform, effectively reducing the risk of abnormal deformation or damage to the tube wall caused by local stress concentration, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the blasting device 1.
[0046] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, such as Figure 3 As shown, the radial cross-section of the blasting tube 11 is circular. It should be understood that the shape of the radial cross-section of the aforementioned blasting tube 11 is not limited to a circle. The shape of the radial cross-section of the blasting tube 11 can also be rectangular or elliptical, etc. When the radial cross-section is rectangular, the radial direction of the blasting tube 11 with the rectangular cross-section can be the length direction and the width direction of the rectangular cross-section. When the radial cross-section is elliptical, the radial direction of the multi-slit tube with the elliptical cross-section can be the minor axis direction and the major axis direction of the ellipse.
[0047] This disclosure also provides a method for directional rock shaping blasting, such as... Figure 9 As shown, the rock directional shaping blasting method in this disclosure includes the following steps: S1, determine the location of the preset fracture surface on the rock mass to be blasted.
[0048] Specifically, such as Figure 10 As shown, according to specific engineering needs (such as the block division surface of stone quarrying, the outline surface of tunnel, and the trimming surface of slope), the specific location, size and orientation of the preset fracture surface 21 can be determined on the surface or inside of the rock mass 2 to be blasted by means of measurement, setting out and marking. The preset fracture surface 21 is the fracture trajectory that the rock mass 2 to be blasted will eventually form, providing a clear directional target for subsequent blasting operations, so as to ensure that the cracking direction of the rock mass 2 to be blasted after blasting is consistent with the engineering requirements, thereby avoiding the cracking trajectory from deviating from the preset range.
[0049] S2, a hole is made at the fracture surface, and the inner diameter of the hole is adapted to the outer diameter of the rupture tube in any of the above embodiments.
[0050] Specifically, such as Figure 11 As shown, along the extension direction of the preset fracture surface 21, a number of evenly distributed holes 22 are drilled using a drilling device. The spacing of the holes 22 is reasonably set according to the hardness and integrity of the rock mass 2 to be blasted, the power of the blasting device 1, and the size of the preset fracture surface 21, ensuring that the cracks generated after the blasting of adjacent holes 22 can be interconnected. At the same time, the inner diameter of the holes 22 is set to match the outer diameter of the blasting tube 11 provided in any of the above embodiments, that is, the inner diameter of the holes 22 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the blasting tube 11. On the one hand, this ensures that the blasting device 1 can be smoothly inserted into the holes 22, and on the other hand, it allows the blasting tube 11 to fit tightly against the inner wall of the holes 22, avoiding the dispersion of explosive energy from the gap due to excessive gaps between the two, ensuring that the explosive energy can be concentrated on the rock matrix, providing an energy basis for subsequent directional cracking.
[0051] S3, the blasting device mentioned in any of the above embodiments is placed in several holes to arrange the fracture surface corresponding to the crack groove, so that the fracture surface is formed after the crack expands.
[0052] like Figure 12As shown, the blasting device 1 provided in any of the above embodiments includes a blasting tube 11 with a fracturing groove 111. The fracturing groove 111 serves as a directional release channel for blasting energy and can create a stress concentration effect. In this embodiment, after the blasting device 1 is placed into each hole 22 one by one, the placement angle of the blasting device 1 needs to be precisely adjusted so that the fracturing groove 111 on the blasting tube 11 faces the direction of the preset fracture surface 21, ensuring that the extension direction of the fracturing groove 111 is consistent with the direction of the preset fracture surface 21. In this way, when the blasting device 1 is detonated, the stress wave and explosive gas generated by the explosion will be released preferentially along the direction of the fracturing groove 111. Since the stress area of the rock mass 2 to be blasted at the fracturing groove 111 is small and the stress concentration is high, the rock mass 2 to be blasted will first generate microcracks at the corresponding position of the fracturing groove 111, and the microcracks will continue to expand along the direction of the preset fracture surface 21, thereby achieving directional control of crack expansion and providing key guarantee for the final formation of the preset fracture surface 21.
[0053] S4, seal the hole.
[0054] Specifically, such as Figure 13 As shown, sealing materials 3 such as blasting mud, cement mortar, and sealing plugs can be used to seal the hole 22. The sealing depth is reasonably set according to the depth of the hole 22 and the installation position of the blasting device 1 to ensure that the sealing is tight and firm, thereby preventing the explosive gas generated by the explosion from rapidly leaking out of the hole 22, avoiding energy loss, increasing the blast pressure in the hole 22, prolonging the action time of the blast pressure on the rock mass 2 to be blasted, and allowing the crack to fully expand.
[0055] S5 detonates the explosive devices in each hole.
[0056] Specifically, according to the preset blasting plan, detonators 125 and other equipment can be used to detonate the blasting devices 1 in each hole 22. The detonation method can be simultaneous detonation, sequential detonation, or micro-delay detonation, which can be selected according to the characteristics of the rock mass 2 to be blasted, the size of the preset fracture surface 21, and engineering requirements. After the blasting device 1 is detonated, the stress wave and explosive gas generated by the explosion, under the directional guidance of the fracturing groove 111, drive the cracks to expand along the preset fracture surface 21, and the cracks generated in adjacent holes 22 become interconnected (e.g., Figure 14 This process ultimately forms a continuous, flat, and regular pre-set fracture surface 21, achieving directional shaping blasting of the rock.
[0057] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, such as Figure 11 As shown, in step S2 of the rock orientation forming method disclosed herein, if the holes are arranged in multiple rows and columns and enclosed to form a closed polygon, each row and each hole corresponds to a preset fracture surface of the rock.
[0058] This embodiment is applicable to scenarios requiring simultaneous multi-section forming of the rock mass 2 to be blasted, achieving regular rock cutting or irregular shaping (such as multi-block segmentation of stone blocks, forming of cubic rock components, and trimming of irregularly shaped rock masses). Multiple rows and columns of enclosed polygonal holes 22 can simultaneously correspond to multiple preset fracture surfaces 21, achieving simultaneous directional cracking on multiple surfaces, thereby improving forming efficiency. The shape of the closed polygon can be flexibly set to rectangle, square, hexagon, etc., according to engineering forming requirements. Each row of holes 22 corresponds to one preset fracture surface 21, and each column of holes 22 corresponds to another preset fracture surface 21. The spacing between the holes 22 in each row and column remains consistent and is aligned with the extension direction of the preset fracture surfaces, ensuring that the holes 22 corresponding to each preset fracture surface 21 can work synergistically, allowing cracks to expand and penetrate synchronously along each preset fracture surface 21, ultimately forming a regular shaped surface that matches the closed polygon.
[0059] For example, such as Figure 11 As shown, the closed polygon in this embodiment can be a quadrilateral. The four fracture grooves 111 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the blasting tube 11. Specifically, the closed polygon in this embodiment is a rectangular quadrilateral. The four sides of the quadrilateral correspond to the four preset fracture surfaces 21 of the rock. Each side is formed by a row or column of holes 22. The specific size can be flexibly set according to the specifications of the target rock mass. The arrangement of the quadrilateral holes 22 can accurately meet the multi-faceted forming requirements of the rectangular rock mass and provide a basic layout for subsequent multi-faceted synchronous directional blasting.
[0060] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, such as Figure 12 As shown, the extension direction of the crack groove 111 is consistent with the extension direction of the corresponding row of holes, so that the rock mass 2 to be blasted forms cracks along the preset fracture surface 21 and forms fracture surface 23.
[0061] In this embodiment, if the scenario involves multiple rows and columns of holes 22, the extension direction of each row and column of holes 22 is precisely aligned with the direction of the corresponding preset fracture surface 21. The fracture groove 111 serves as a directional release channel for blasting energy. Its core function is to concentrate the stress wave and explosive gas generated by the explosion along its own extension direction through the stress concentration effect. By aligning the extension direction of the fracture groove 111 with the extension direction of the corresponding row / column of holes 22, the blasting energy is concentrated and released along this unified direction, generating a directional thrust on the rock mass 2 to be blasted. This causes the rock mass 2 to first generate micro-cracks at the corresponding position of the fracture groove 111. Furthermore, the micro-cracks of adjacent holes 22 in the same row / column will extend synchronously and interconnect under the energy drive in the unified direction, ultimately forming a flat and regular fracture surface 23 along the corresponding preset fracture surface 21. This avoids the problem of irregular formation caused by the deviation of the direction of the fracture groove 111 during the blasting of multiple rows and columns of holes 22.
[0062] In another exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, such as Figure 15 and Figure 16 As shown, if there are two fracturing grooves 111 on the blasting tube 11, the two fracturing grooves 111 are arranged opposite each other in the radial direction of the blasting tube 11 in the circumferential direction. Both fracturing grooves 111 are located on the preset fracture surface 21, and the blasting device 1 in each hole 22 corresponds to the preset fracture surface 21 in only one direction.
[0063] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, in step S5 of the rock orientation forming method of this disclosure, blasting devices are sequentially installed in the holes along each row or column at preset time intervals.
[0064] It should be noted that in this embodiment, each row can be detonated sequentially, or each column can be detonated sequentially, depending on the actual construction situation, and no specific limitation is made here.
[0065] If multiple rows and columns of holes 22 are detonated simultaneously, the stress waves and explosive gases generated by the blasting of each row and column will act on the rock matrix at the same time. The stress waves of different rows / columns will superimpose and interfere with each other, forming a complex stress field. This will cause the stress concentration direction to become disordered. Cracks that originally extended along the preset fracture surface 21 will be deflected and bifurcated due to the interference stress, and even irregular cracks will appear across rows / columns. At the same time, the instantaneous impact force generated by the synchronous explosion is too large, which will cause the rock to be excessively fragmented locally, destroying the regularity of the preset fracture surface 21. It may also cause the rock to disintegrate as a whole due to the superposition of energy from each row / column, making it impossible to achieve the goal of directional shaping.
[0066] Therefore, as Figure 12 As shown, in this embodiment, the explosive devices are detonated sequentially along each row or column at preset time intervals. This ensures that after the previous row / column is detonated, the stress wave generated has largely dissipated and the explosive gas has largely served its purpose. Once the rock mass 2 has formed a preliminary crack along the corresponding preset fracture surface 21, the next row / column of explosive devices is detonated. This avoids the superposition and interference of stress waves between the two rows / columns, ensuring that the explosive energy of each row / column can accurately act on its corresponding preset fracture surface 21, driving the crack to expand stably along the preset trajectory. At the same time, sequential detonation can disperse the instantaneous explosive impact force, preventing the rock from being excessively fragmented due to excessive instantaneous force. This ensures that the fracture surfaces formed by each row / column are flat and regular, and that the cracks in adjacent rows / columns can smoothly connect without interference, ultimately forming a complete multi-faceted structure.
[0067] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, such as Figure 17As shown, in step S3 of the rock orientation forming method disclosed herein, when there are multiple blasting devices 1 connected in series in any hole, the negative electrode of the blasting device 1 is led out from the gap between the blasting device 1 and the hole 22, avoiding the area where the fracture groove is located.
[0068] When multiple shaped blasting devices 1 are used in a borehole, the fuses 122 of the multiple blasting devices 1 are connected in sequence by a series lead 126, and the two ends of the fuse 122 are connected to the positive lead 123a and the accessory lead respectively, so that the multiple blasting devices 1 can be detonated simultaneously.
[0069] In this embodiment, if the negative lead 123b is arranged in the fracture groove 111 area, it may block the fracture groove 111 and destroy its stress concentration effect, resulting in the explosion energy not being able to be accurately directionally released along the fracture groove 111, thereby causing crack displacement and reduced forming accuracy. In this embodiment, by leading the detonator out from the gap and into the fracture groove 111 area, it can ensure that the negative lead 123b is arranged in a standardized manner and smoothly activated, ensuring that all blasting devices 1 can be accurately detonated, avoiding interference with the energy-directing function of the fracture groove 111, and ensuring stable expansion along the preset fracture surface 21.
[0070] For example, such as Figure 18 As shown, in order to ensure that the blasting devices 1 in the same column or row can be detonated simultaneously, the negative leads 123b of the devices in the same column or row can be connected to the same fuse 122.
[0071] Other embodiments of this disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This disclosure is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this disclosure are indicated by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A blasting device for directional rock shaping blasting, characterized in that, include: A bursting tube, wherein a plurality of fracturing grooves extending along the axial direction of the bursting tube are provided on the inner wall of the bursting tube, the plurality of fracturing grooves are distributed circumferentially at intervals along the circumference of the bursting tube, the groove openings of the fracturing grooves face the inside of the bursting tube, and the groove bodies extend radially outward along the bursting tube. An initiator is disposed inside the blasting tube. When activated, the initiator generates explosive gas. A portion of the explosive gas can be ejected through the fracturing groove and impact the rock borehole wall corresponding to the fracturing groove to generate initial damage. Another portion of the explosive gas can act on the tube wall in the non-fracturing groove area of the blasting tube, causing the tube wall in that area to expand radially and apply expansion pressure to the corresponding rock borehole wall, thereby forming tensile stress concentration at the initial damage site. Radial initial tensile cracks are formed at the tensile stress concentration site. The explosive gas rushes into the initial tensile cracks to form a directional fracture surface on the rock borehole wall.
2. The blasting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the radial direction of the rupture tube, the width of the fracturing groove gradually decreases from the axis of the rupture tube towards the outer side of the tube wall.
3. The blasting device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fracturing groove is V-shaped on the cross-section of the rupture tube.
4. The blasting device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The plurality of fracturing grooves are evenly spaced in the circumferential direction of the rupture tube.
5. The blasting device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The radial cross-section of the rupture tube is circular.
6. A method for directional rock shaping blasting, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, Determine the location of the preset fracture surface on the rock mass to be blasted; S2, a plurality of holes are made at the position of the preset fracture surface, the inner diameter of the holes being adapted to the outer diameter of the rupture tube according to any one of claims 1-5; S3, placing the blasting device according to any one of claims 1-5 in each of the plurality of holes, and arranging the crack-inducing grooves in accordance with the preset fracture surface, so that the fracture surface is formed after the crack expands; S4, Seal the hole; S5, detonate the explosive device in each of the holes.
7. The rock directional shaping blasting method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S2, several holes are arranged in multiple rows and columns to form a closed polygon, and each row and column of holes corresponds to a preset fracture surface of the rock mass to be blasted.
8. The rock directional shaping blasting method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The extension direction of the fracturing groove is consistent with the extension direction of the corresponding row or column of holes, so that the rock mass to be blasted forms cracks and fracture surfaces along the corresponding preset fracture surfaces.
9. The rock directional shaping blasting method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S5, the blasting devices in the corresponding holes are detonated sequentially along each row or column at preset time intervals.
10. The rock directional shaping blasting method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S3, when there are multiple blasting devices connected in series in one of the holes, the negative lead of the blasting device is led out from the gap between the blasting device and the hole, avoiding the area where the fracturing groove is located.