Solar radiation energy measuring device and measuring method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a solar radiation energy measuring device and a measuring method thereof. The device comprises an irradiance sensor configured to measure the solar irradiation amount of the surface of a photovoltaic panel to obtain a solar irradiance value; a temperature measuring unit, wherein an integrated temperature sensor is fixedly arranged on a device body and configured to contact a first position on the surface of the photovoltaic panel to obtain first temperature data; an external temperature probe is detachably electrically connected with the device body and configured to contact a second position on the surface of the photovoltaic panel to obtain second temperature data; and the device body is further configured to automatically select the first temperature data collected by the integrated temperature sensor and / or the second temperature data collected by the external temperature probe as a current effective temperature output according to the connection state of the external temperature probe. The technical scheme can flexibly meet the temperature measuring requirements of different positions on the surface of the photovoltaic panel on the same device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy measurement technology, and more specifically, to a solar radiation energy measuring device and its measuring method. Background Technology

[0002] In related technologies, solar irradiance and the operating temperature of photovoltaic (PV) panels are two core parameters for performance evaluation and operation and maintenance testing of photovoltaic power plants. Solar irradiance directly affects the potential of photovoltaic power generation, while the surface and back temperatures of PV panels directly relate to the power generation efficiency and operational safety of PV modules. Existing solar radiation energy measurement devices typically integrate only a single temperature sensor at a fixed location to measure the temperature at a single point on the PV panel surface. However, in practical engineering applications, testers need to flexibly obtain temperature data from different locations on the PV panel surface according to different test objectives. For example, when evaluating the impact of PV panel surface temperature on conversion efficiency, it is necessary to measure the front temperature of the PV panel; while when conducting module hot spot effect or backsheet aging analysis, it is necessary to measure the back temperature of the PV panel. Since the fixed temperature measurement structure on a single measuring device cannot simultaneously meet the above-mentioned measurement needs of multiple locations and multiple scenarios, field operators often need to carry multiple different temperature measuring devices, which not only increases the complexity and cost of the equipment but also reduces the adaptability and work efficiency of field testing. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide a solar radiation energy measuring device and its measuring method, which aims to improve the problem that existing solar radiation energy measuring devices, due to their single and fixed temperature measurement structure, are difficult to flexibly meet the temperature measurement needs of different positions (such as the front and back) on the surface of photovoltaic panels on the same device.

[0004] To achieve this objective, embodiments of this application provide a solar radiation energy measuring device, which includes a device body, an irradiance sensor, and a temperature measuring unit, wherein... The irradiance sensor is mounted on the device body and is configured to measure the solar irradiance on the surface of the photovoltaic panel to obtain the solar irradiance value. The temperature measurement unit includes an integrated temperature sensor and an external temperature probe. The integrated temperature sensor is fixedly mounted on the device body and is configured to contact a first position on the surface of the photovoltaic panel to obtain first temperature data. The external temperature probe is detachably electrically connected to the device body and is configured to contact a second position on the surface of the photovoltaic panel to obtain second temperature data. The second position and the first position are different positions on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, respectively. The device body is also configured to automatically select the first temperature data collected by the integrated temperature sensor and / or the second temperature data collected by the external temperature probe as the current effective temperature output based on the connection status of the external temperature probe.

[0005] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the irradiance sensor is a silicon photodiode irradiance sensor or a thermopile irradiance sensor; and / or, The device body is also provided with a temperature compensation circuit, which is electrically connected to the irradiance sensor. The temperature compensation circuit is configured to correct the temperature drift of the solar irradiance value measured by the irradiance sensor based on the first temperature data and / or the second temperature data.

[0006] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, a probe interface is provided on the back or side of the device body. The probe interface is a reverse-insertion aviation plug interface or a USB Type-C interface, and the probe interface is configured to be detachably electrically connected to the external temperature probe.

[0007] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the external temperature probe includes a probe housing, a temperature sensing head, and a signal cable of a preset length. The temperature sensing head is fixed on the probe housing, and the temperature sensing head is detachably electrically connected to the probe interface through the signal cable.

[0008] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the temperature sensing head is a platinum resistance temperature sensor or a thermocouple temperature sensor; and / or, The probe housing is provided with a suction cup or magnetic fastener to releasably attach the external temperature probe to the surface of the photovoltaic panel via vacuum adsorption or magnetic attraction, and to enable the temperature sensing head to contact a second position on the surface of the photovoltaic panel.

[0009] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the solar radiation energy measuring device further includes a display screen and a button assembly, wherein, The display screen is disposed on the surface of the device body and is configured to display the solar irradiance value currently collected by the irradiance sensor and the first temperature data collected by the integrated temperature sensor, and to display the second temperature data collected by the external temperature probe when the external temperature probe is electrically connected to the device body. The button assembly includes a power button and a mode switching button. The power button is configured to control the power on / off of the solar radiation energy measuring device, and the mode switching button is configured to control the switching of test modes of the solar radiation energy measuring device. The test modes include a solar irradiance value test mode, a first temperature test mode, and a second temperature test mode.

[0010] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the solar radiation energy measuring device further includes a tilt sensor, which is built into the device body and configured to measure the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel when the device body is attached to the surface of the photovoltaic panel; and / or, The solar radiation energy measuring device also includes a compass module, which is built into the device body and configured to measure the orientation of the photovoltaic panel; and / or, The solar radiation energy measurement device also includes a wireless communication module, which is built into the device body and configured to upload solar irradiance data and temperature data to an external terminal or cloud server in real time; and / or, The button assembly further includes a data recording button and a data holding button. The data recording button is configured to record the currently measured data, and the data holding button is configured to hold the data displayed on the current screen.

[0011] Furthermore, to achieve this objective, embodiments of this application also provide a measurement method for a solar radiation energy measuring device, applicable to any of the aforementioned solar radiation energy measuring devices, the measurement method comprising the following steps: The solar irradiance on the surface of the photovoltaic panel is measured using the irradiance sensor. Determine whether the external temperature probe is electrically connected to the device body; If it is determined that the connection is not established, the integrated temperature sensor is controlled to collect the first temperature data and output the first temperature data as the current valid temperature. If it is determined that the connection is established, the external temperature probe is controlled to collect the second temperature data and the second temperature data is output as the current effective temperature. Alternatively, the integrated temperature sensor is controlled to collect the first temperature data and the external temperature probe is controlled to collect the second temperature data, and the first temperature data and the second temperature data are output as the current effective temperature.

[0012] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the measurement method further includes: In response to the user's operation of the mode switch key, it enters the dual-channel temperature difference measurement mode; In the dual-channel temperature difference measurement mode, the first temperature data collected by the integrated temperature sensor and the second temperature data collected by the external temperature probe are acquired simultaneously. Calculate the temperature difference between the first temperature data and the second temperature data, and control the display unit to simultaneously display the first temperature data, the second temperature data, and the temperature difference value; Determine whether the temperature difference exceeds a preset threshold. If it does, control the display unit or alarm unit to issue an alarm signal.

[0013] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the measurement method further includes: Obtain the current effective temperature output, wherein the current effective temperature output is the first temperature data and / or the second temperature data; Based on the current effective temperature output, the solar irradiance value of the irradiance sensor is corrected for temperature drift by a temperature compensation circuit to output the final solar irradiance value after temperature compensation.

[0014] The solar radiation energy measuring device and method provided in this application, through the aforementioned structural design, integrates a fixed integrated temperature sensor and a detachable external temperature probe on the same device body. This allows for convenient acquisition of the temperature at a conventional location on the photovoltaic panel surface (e.g., the first position on the front) using the integrated temperature sensor, while also enabling flexible placement of the external temperature probe at different locations on the photovoltaic panel surface (e.g., the second position on the back) to collect temperature data as needed for on-site testing. This satisfies the temperature measurement requirements for different parts of the photovoltaic panel, such as the front and back, without the need for multiple independent temperature measuring devices. Furthermore, the device body can automatically select the output of valid temperature data based on the connection status of the external temperature probe, ensuring accurate and adaptive provision of the required temperature information whether a single probe or dual probes are connected. This effectively improves the adaptability and efficiency of on-site testing, while reducing equipment complexity and cost. Therefore, this technical solution effectively addresses the problem that existing solar radiation energy measuring devices, due to their single and fixed temperature measuring structure, cannot flexibly meet the temperature measurement needs of different locations on the photovoltaic panel surface (e.g., the front and back) on a single device. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc., shown in the accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of assisting those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the content disclosed in the specification, and are not intended to limit the implementation conditions of this application. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportions, or adjustments to the size should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in this application, provided that they do not affect the effects and purposes that this application can produce.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the solar radiation energy measuring device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Another structural schematic diagram of the solar radiation energy measuring device shown. Figure 3 This is a first flowchart of a method for measuring solar radiation energy using an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a second flowchart of a method for measuring solar radiation energy using an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a third flowchart of the measurement method of the solar radiation energy measuring device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0018] Illustrations: 1. Solar radiation energy measurement device; 10. Device body; 11. Probe interface; 20. Irradiance sensor; 30. Integrated temperature sensor; 40. External temperature probe; 41. Probe housing; 42. Temperature sensing head; 43. Signal cable; 50. Display screen; 60. Button assembly; 61. Power button; 62. Mode switch button; 63. Data recording button; 64. Data hold button; 65. Setting button; 66. Unit button; 67. Zeroing button. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the inventive objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. It should be noted that when a component is considered to be "connected" to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be a component centrally located at the same time.

[0021] The technical solution of this application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0022] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment, this application provides a solar radiation energy measuring device 1, which specifically includes a device body 10, an irradiance sensor 20, and a temperature measuring unit. The irradiance sensor 20 is disposed on the device body 10 and configured to measure the solar irradiance on the surface of a photovoltaic panel to obtain a solar irradiance value. The temperature measuring unit includes an integrated temperature sensor 30 and an external temperature probe 40. The integrated temperature sensor 30 is fixedly disposed on the device body 10 and configured to contact a first position on the surface of the photovoltaic panel (e.g., the central area of ​​the front side surface of the photovoltaic panel) to obtain first temperature data. The external temperature probe 40 is detachably electrically connected to the device body 10 and configured to contact a second position on the surface of the photovoltaic panel (e.g., a corresponding position on the back side surface of the photovoltaic panel or at the edge) to obtain second temperature data. The second position and the first position are different positions on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, respectively. The device body 10 is also configured to automatically select the first temperature data collected by the integrated temperature sensor 30 and / or the second temperature data collected by the external temperature probe 40 as the current effective temperature output according to the connection status of the external temperature probe 40.

[0023] It should be noted that the solar radiation energy measuring device 1 of this application embodiment is mainly used in scenarios such as on-site operation and maintenance testing of photovoltaic power plants, laboratory performance testing of photovoltaic modules, and long-term monitoring of outdoor photovoltaic systems. In actual use, the operator can directly attach the device body 10 to the front side surface of the photovoltaic panel, so that the integrated temperature sensor 30 is in contact with the front side surface of the photovoltaic panel (i.e., the first position), and at the same time, the irradiance sensor 20 is facing the sun to measure the irradiance. When it is necessary to simultaneously measure the back temperature of the photovoltaic panel (e.g., to evaluate the aging of the back panel or the ventilation and heat dissipation effect), the operator can connect the external temperature probe 40 to the device body 10 and fix the external temperature probe 40 to the back side surface of the photovoltaic panel (i.e., the second position). At this time, the microcontroller inside the device body 10 can automatically identify the connection status of the external temperature probe 40 by detecting the level signal or mechanical switch status of the probe interface 11, thereby realizing seamless switching or synchronous acquisition of temperature data sources.

[0024] In this way, the solar radiation energy measuring device 1 of this application embodiment, through the above-described structural configuration, integrates a fixed integrated temperature sensor 30 and a detachable external temperature probe 40 on the same device body 10. This allows it to conveniently obtain the temperature of a conventional location on the photovoltaic panel surface (such as the first position on the front) using the integrated temperature sensor 30, and to flexibly place the external temperature probe 40 at different positions on the photovoltaic panel surface (such as the second position on the back) according to the needs of on-site testing. This satisfies the temperature measurement requirements for different parts of the photovoltaic panel, such as the front and back, without the need to carry multiple independent temperature measuring devices. At the same time, the device body 10 can automatically select the output of effective temperature data according to the connection status of the external temperature probe 40, ensuring accurate and adaptive provision of the required temperature information for measurement when a single probe or dual probes are connected. This effectively improves the adaptability and efficiency of on-site testing, and reduces the complexity and cost of the equipment.

[0025] In some examples, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the irradiance sensor 20 is either a silicon photodiode irradiance sensor or a thermopile irradiance sensor. This allows users to flexibly select the most suitable sensor type based on the actual testing scenario. Silicon photodiode irradiance sensors offer advantages such as fast response speed, good linearity, and low cost, making them particularly suitable for rapid inspection of photovoltaic power plants, monitoring of instantaneous light intensity changes, and integration into portable devices. Thermopile irradiance sensors, on the other hand, offer advantages such as a wide spectral response range (typically covering 300-3000nm), excellent cosine response characteristics, and good long-term stability, making them more suitable for scenarios requiring high-precision total radiation measurement, such as scientific research experiments, component calibration, and meteorological observations. By being compatible with two mainstream sensor solutions on the same device platform, this example fully meets the diverse measurement needs of different user groups and different testing accuracy levels, significantly improving the product's market adaptability and versatility.

[0026] It should be noted that the silicon photodiode irradiance sensor in this example operates based on the photovoltaic effect. When sunlight shines on its PN junction, photons excite electron-hole pairs, forming a weak photocurrent proportional to the incident irradiance under the influence of the junction electric field. The irradiance value can then be obtained through a precision IV conversion circuit. The spectral response range of this type of sensor is typically 400-1100 nm, which highly matches the spectral response of photovoltaic cells. However, its response characteristics exhibit a negative drift with increasing temperature (typically -0.1% / ℃ to -0.2% / ℃), making the accompanying temperature compensation circuit particularly important. The thermopile irradiance sensor, on the other hand, operates based on the Seebeck effect. Its core structure consists of a series of thermocouples connected in series. The hot junction absorbs solar radiation and heats up, while the cold junction is kept at a lower temperature by a heat sink, thus forming a thermoelectric potential proportional to the incident irradiance. This type of sensor has a flat spectral response, and the sensor's own temperature changes have a relatively small impact on the output signal, but its response speed is relatively slow (milliseconds to seconds). Those skilled in the art can directly replace and install two types of sensor modules through the same interface according to actual needs such as cost budget, response speed requirements, and measurement accuracy indicators. The signal conditioning circuit inside the device body 10 can automatically identify the sensor type and switch to the corresponding signal processing channel without the need for other hardware modifications.

[0027] In some examples, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the device body 10 is also equipped with a temperature compensation circuit, which is electrically connected to the irradiance sensor 20. The temperature compensation circuit is configured to correct the temperature drift of the solar irradiance value measured by the irradiance sensor 20 based on the first temperature data and / or the second temperature data. Thus, since the photoelectric conversion characteristics of the irradiance sensor 20 (especially silicon photodiode type sensors) will drift significantly with changes in its own temperature, without compensation, when measuring in high-temperature desert areas (where the surface temperature of the photovoltaic panel can reach above 70°C) or cold plateau areas (where the ambient temperature is below -20°C), the original irradiance reading may have an error exceeding ±5%, which will seriously affect the reliability of the photovoltaic power station performance evaluation. By setting up a temperature compensation circuit and making real-time corrections based on the actual temperature data measured by the device body 10 (the surface temperature of the photovoltaic panel measured by the integrated temperature sensor 30 or the back temperature measured by the external temperature probe 40), the measurement error over a wide temperature range can be effectively controlled within ±1%, which greatly improves the measurement accuracy and data consistency of the device under different climate regions and seasonal conditions, and ensures the authenticity and reliability of the basic data on which key business decisions such as the annual power generation prediction of photovoltaic power plants and the analysis of component degradation rate are based.

[0028] It should be noted that the temperature compensation circuit in this example can be implemented using either analog or digital compensation. The analog compensation method involves connecting a thermistor (NTC) with a negative temperature coefficient in series or parallel within the signal conditioning link of the irradiance sensor 20. The thermistor's resistance automatically adjusts the gain of the amplifier circuit as the temperature changes, thus offsetting the gain drift of the sensor itself caused by temperature variations. This method offers advantages such as fast response, no quantization error, and no consumption of microcontroller computing resources, making it suitable for dynamic measurement scenarios with extremely high real-time requirements. The digital compensation method involves the microcontroller within the device body 10 acquiring the temperature data (first temperature data and / or second temperature data) output by the temperature measurement unit in real time via an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). It then calls the sensor temperature-response characteristic curve (usually stored in the form of a polynomial function or lookup table) pre-stored in memory to perform software correction on the original irradiance ADC value, outputting the compensated irradiance value. This method offers high compensation accuracy, flexible adaptation to different sensor models, and facilitates future firmware upgrades to optimize the compensation algorithm. Preferably, this device can integrate the two compensation methods mentioned above simultaneously: coarse compensation is performed at the analog front end to eliminate most of the drift, and then fine calibration is performed digitally to achieve the optimal compensation effect. Regardless of the method used, the temperature data source on which the temperature compensation circuit is based can be configured by the user according to the actual test requirements—when only the front surface temperature of the photovoltaic panel is measured, the first temperature data of the integrated temperature sensor 30 is used for compensation; when it is necessary to reflect the thermal environment of the irradiance sensor 20 itself, the second temperature data measured by the external temperature probe 40 can also be used for compensation, or a weighted average of the two can be taken to minimize the compensation error.

[0029] In some examples, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, a probe interface 11 is provided on the back or side of the device body 10. The probe interface 11 is either a reverse-insertion aviation plug interface or a USB Type-C interface, and the probe interface 11 is configured to allow for detachable electrical connection with an external temperature probe 40. When using the reverse-insertion aviation plug interface, it features a robust and durable metal shell, a waterproof and dustproof sealing ring, and a threaded locking structure, effectively resisting the sand, moisture, and vibration impacts commonly encountered in photovoltaic power plant sites. Even after thousands of repeated insertions and removals, it maintains reliable electrical contact, making it particularly suitable for long-term outdoor operations and frequent use in harsh environments. When using the USB Type-C interface, it offers advantages such as high versatility, support for reversible insertion, and compact size. Users can use common mobile phone data cables to connect to the external temperature probe 40 or for data transfer and charging, greatly reducing accessory procurement costs and improving on-site convenience. By providing two interface options for users to choose from, this example ensures professional-grade reliability while also considering consumer-grade versatility, fully meeting the differentiated needs of various working conditions.

[0030] It should be noted that when using an anti-reverse-insertion aviation plug interface, the interface can be equipped with anti-reverse-insertion keys and guide slots to ensure that the connector of the external temperature probe 40 can only be inserted in the correct direction, avoiding pin bending or short circuits caused by misoperation. Simultaneously, the interface also integrates a detection switch—when the plug is fully inserted and locked, the detection switch is triggered, and the microcontroller of the device body 10 can automatically identify the physical connection status of the external temperature probe 40 through the change in the switch level, without requiring manual confirmation from the user. When using a USB Type-C interface, the device body 10 follows the USB Type-C specification for pin configuration. The CC (Configuration Channel) pin is used to detect the insertion direction of the plug and cable capability, while the D+ / D- pins are used for single-bus communication with the digital temperature chip (such as DS18B20) inside the external temperature probe 40, or to access the signal from an analog temperature sensor via the SBU (Sideband Use) pin. Furthermore, the USB Type-C interface also supports the PD (Power Delivery) protocol, which automatically switches to charging mode to replenish the device's built-in battery when connected to an external power adapter. Regardless of the interface type used, the probe interface 11 is equipped with an electrostatic discharge protection circuit (ESD protection diode) and an overvoltage protection circuit (TVS tube) to prevent electrostatic discharge generated during insertion and removal or accidental connection to high voltage signals from damaging the internal precision circuits of the device.

[0031] In some examples, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the external temperature probe 40 includes a probe housing 41, a temperature sensing head 42, and a signal cable 43 of a preset length. The temperature sensing head 42 is fixed to the probe housing 41 and is detachably electrically connected to the probe interface 11 via the signal cable 43. Thus, by setting a preset length (e.g., 1.5 meters, 3 meters, or 5 meters, selected according to common photovoltaic panel sizes and testing distance requirements) for the signal cable 43, operators can flexibly place the temperature sensing head 42 several meters away from the device body 10, such as in the central area of ​​a large photovoltaic array, areas where the back of the photovoltaic panel is difficult to directly access, or narrow spaces like the inverter's heat dissipation vents. The device body 10 can then be placed in a location easily accessible for viewing the display screen 50 and operation buttons. This separate design completely eliminates the limitation that the temperature measurement point must be adjacent to the device body 10, greatly enhancing the flexibility and adaptability of on-site deployment. This allows the same device to perform both conventional surface contact temperature measurement and long-distance temperature measurement tasks in complex spaces.

[0032] It should be noted that the probe housing 41 in this example can be made of a material with excellent thermal conductivity and strong weather resistance (such as aluminum alloy or glass fiber-filled engineering plastic). Its interior contains a cavity to accommodate the temperature sensing head 42 and a thermally conductive medium (such as thermal grease) for heat conduction. The temperature sensing head 42 in this example can be tightly fitted to the inner wall of the probe housing 41 using thermally conductive adhesive or mechanical pressing to ensure that heat from the photovoltaic panel surface can be quickly and accurately transferred to the sensing element. The signal cable 43 in this example can use multi-strand pure copper stranded wire as the core to reduce transmission resistance, and is wrapped with an aluminum foil braided double-layer shielding layer to effectively suppress the electromagnetic interference generated by high-power equipment such as frequency converters and inverters on the transmission of weak temperature signals (especially millivolt-level signals from thermocouples). A molded SR anti-bending sleeve can be installed at the connection between the signal cable 43 and the probe housing 41 in this example to enhance pull-out resistance and resistance to repeated bending, preventing cable root breakage during long-term use. In this example, the end of the signal cable 43 can be equipped with a connector (anti-reverse insertion aviation plug or USB Type-C plug) that matches the probe interface 11. The connector can also integrate a signal conditioning circuit board (such as a precision constant current source circuit for platinum resistance thermometers or a cold junction compensation circuit for thermocouples) to transmit the raw sensing signal to the device body 10 after preliminary processing, so as to further improve the signal-to-noise ratio of long-distance transmission.

[0033] In some examples, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the temperature sensing head 42 is either a platinum resistance temperature sensor or a thermocouple temperature sensor. Platinum resistance temperature sensors (such as Pt100 and Pt1000) offer advantages such as high measurement accuracy (typical accuracy up to ±0.1℃ or even ±0.05℃), good long-term stability (annual drift less than 0.02℃), and excellent linearity. They are ideal for scenarios with strict requirements for temperature measurement accuracy, such as laboratory calibration of photovoltaic modules, comparative testing of temperature coefficients of modules from different brands, and accurate verification of photovoltaic power plant efficiency models. Thermocouple temperature sensors (such as K-type and T-type) offer advantages such as a wide temperature range (K-type can reach -200℃ to +1372℃, completely covering the temperature range of photovoltaic panels under any extreme climatic conditions), fast response speed (time constant typically less than 0.5 seconds), lower cost, and robust durability. They are suitable for rapid on-site screening, large-area module inspection, or maintenance scenarios requiring frequent probe replacement. By providing two temperature sensing heads 42 with different characteristics for users to choose from, this solar radiation energy measurement device 1 can be flexibly adapted to different emphases on accuracy, cost, and response speed according to specific testing tasks, achieving the best cost performance.

[0034] It should be noted that when using a platinum resistance temperature sensor, based on the relationship between the resistance of the platinum resistance and temperature (IEC 60751 standard, Pt100 is 100Ω and Pt1000 is 1000Ω at 0℃), the device body 10 has a built-in high-precision proportional measurement circuit that matches it. This circuit uses a highly stable reference resistor connected in series with the platinum resistance to divide the voltage, and then uses an analog-to-digital converter to measure the voltage ratio between the two, thereby eliminating measurement errors caused by fluctuations in the excitation current source. The measurement circuit supports two-wire, three-wire, and four-wire connections. The three-wire and four-wire connections effectively eliminate the additional errors introduced by the resistance of the signal cable 43 itself, making them particularly suitable for scenarios where long cables are used to connect to the external temperature probe 40. When using a thermocouple temperature sensor, since the thermocouple outputs a weak differential millivolt voltage signal (typically tens of microvolts per degree Celsius), the device body 10 has a built-in instrumentation amplifier with a high common-mode rejection ratio (such as INA128) to differentially amplify it. It also includes a cold junction compensation circuit—typically a high-precision NTC thermistor or integrated digital temperature sensor is placed at the probe interface 11 or inside the signal cable 43 connector of the device body 10. This circuit measures the ambient temperature of the cold junction (i.e., the connection point) in real time and performs software compensation according to the thermocouple calibration table (IEC 60584 standard) to calculate the true temperature of the hot junction. In this example, the device body 10 also supports automatic identification of the temperature sensing head 42 type via the probe interface 11: the microcontroller first attempts to read the signal from the platinum resistance thermometer (characterized by a resistance value between hundreds and thousands of ohms); if an abnormal reading or an open circuit is detected, it switches to reading the thermocouple signal (characterized by a DC millivolt voltage), thus achieving plug-and-play functionality between the two sensors.

[0035] In some examples, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the probe housing 41 is equipped with a suction cup or magnetic fastener to releasably attach the external temperature probe 40 to the surface of the photovoltaic panel via vacuum adsorption or magnetic attraction, allowing the temperature sensing head 42 to make contact with a second position on the surface of the photovoltaic panel. Thus, when using the suction cup fastener, operators do not need any tools or additional adhesive materials; they only need to press the suction cup fastener onto the smooth glass surface of the photovoltaic panel to achieve quick and secure attachment. After testing, the fastener can be easily removed by gently moving the vent plate on the edge of the suction cup, leaving no residue and preventing scratches or chemical corrosion to the surface of the photovoltaic panel. This is particularly suitable for acceptance testing of new power plants with strict requirements for protecting the appearance of the modules, or for inspection tasks involving frequent changes in measurement points. When using magnetic fasteners, operators can attach the probe to the metal part of the photovoltaic panel frame (aluminum alloy frame) or pre-attach it to the metal pad on the back of the photovoltaic panel. The adhesion is unaffected by the smoothness or flatness of the photovoltaic panel surface, making it particularly suitable for harsh conditions with sand, water stains, or textures. Furthermore, the attachment and removal operations can be completed with one hand, greatly improving ease of operation in high-altitude or confined spaces. By providing two different fixing methods, this example fully covers the actual needs of various photovoltaic panel materials, surface conditions, and installation environments, further enhancing the adaptability and flexibility of this solar radiation energy measurement device 1 in field testing.

[0036] It should be noted that the suction cup fastener in this example is made of silicone rubber that is resistant to high and low temperatures (-30℃ to +85℃), UV aging, and has high elasticity. The inner surface of the suction cup features a micro-nano textured structure, which squeezes out more air when pressed, enhancing the vacuum adsorption effect. The edge of the suction cup can be further designed with an integrated venting plate, allowing users to easily break the vacuum seal when removing the probe. To accommodate different surface roughness requirements of photovoltaic panels, suction cups of varying hardness and diameter are available as options. Larger diameter suction cups provide stronger adsorption force and are suitable for use on vertically installed photovoltaic panels. Smaller diameter suction cups are suitable for placement in confined spaces. The magnetic fastener in this example uses a neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) strong magnet as the magnetic source. The magnet is coated with a flexible silicone or polytetrafluoroethylene protective layer to prevent the hard magnet from directly contacting the photovoltaic panel surface and causing scratches, while also increasing the coefficient of friction to prevent lateral slippage. Considering that the frame of a photovoltaic panel is generally made of aluminum alloy (non-ferromagnetic), the magnetic fastener needs to be used in conjunction with pre-attached thin iron sheets or iron-containing stainless steel sheets. Several adhesive iron sheets should be included in the device packaging for users to attach to commonly used measurement points. Furthermore, the magnetic fastener can also be designed as a switchable structure—by rotating the magnet assembly inside the probe housing 41, the magnetic circuit closure state can be changed, enabling the magnetic force to be opened and closed easily. This facilitates easy removal of the probe from the ferromagnetic surface, avoiding damage to the probe or photovoltaic panel caused by forceful pulling. In this example, an elastic thermally conductive pad (such as a thermally conductive silicone pad) can be further provided between the probe housing 41 and the mounting surface of the temperature sensing head 42. This ensures that when the suction cup or magnet attracts the probe housing 41 to the photovoltaic panel surface, the elastic pad can adaptively compensate for surface micro-irregularities, allowing the temperature sensing head 42 to form good thermal conductivity contact with the photovoltaic panel surface through the probe housing 41. This avoids the introduction of additional contact thermal resistance due to air gaps, thereby ensuring the accuracy and rapid response characteristics of temperature measurement.

[0037] In some examples, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the solar radiation energy measuring device 1 also includes a display screen 50 and a button assembly 60. The display screen 50 is located on the surface of the device body 10 and is configured to display the solar irradiance value currently collected by the irradiance sensor 20 and the first temperature data collected by the integrated temperature sensor 30. When the external temperature probe 40 is electrically connected to the device body 10, it displays the second temperature data collected by the external temperature probe 40. The button assembly 60 includes a power button 61 and a mode switch button 62. The power button 61 controls the power on / off of the solar radiation energy measuring device 1, and the mode switch button 62 controls the switching of test modes, including a solar irradiance value test mode, a first temperature test mode, and a second temperature test mode. Thus, by using the display screen 50 and the button assembly 60, on-site operators can intuitively and in real-time read all core measurement parameters directly on the device body 10 without relying on any external devices (such as mobile phones, computers, or multimeters), achieving a "ready-to-use, easy-to-understand" on-site operating experience. In addition, the power button 61 provides clear on / off control, effectively avoiding power waste caused by prolonged standby and extending the operating time for outdoor operations. The mode switch button 62 allows users to quickly switch the display interface according to the key parameters they are currently interested in—for example, focusing on the irradiance value when assessing the power generation potential of the module, focusing on the front temperature when analyzing the impact of temperature on efficiency, and focusing on the back temperature when troubleshooting hot spot faults—avoiding interference from irrelevant information, improving the efficiency of information reading and the user-friendliness of human-machine interaction.

[0038] It should be noted that the display screen 50 in this example can specifically be a high-contrast, wide-viewing-angle segment LCD (liquid crystal display) or a dot-matrix OLED (organic light-emitting diode) panel. Segment LCDs have the advantages of extremely low power consumption (typical operating current less than 1mA) and clear readability even in strong sunlight, making them particularly suitable for outdoor scenarios requiring long-term continuous measurements. Their disadvantage is that they can only display preset fixed fields, limiting the flexibility of the displayed content. Dot-matrix OLEDs have the advantages of self-illumination, high contrast, fast response speed, and the ability to display arbitrary graphics and characters. They can simultaneously plot temperature change curves or display multi-parameter lists, but their power consumption is relatively high and their visibility is slightly inferior in strong outdoor light. As a preferred option, this solar radiation energy measurement device 1 can be equipped with a backlit transflective LCD display screen 50, combining low power consumption and readability in strong light. The backlight illuminates when a button is pressed and automatically turns off after a period of inactivity to save power. In this example, the button assembly 60 uses a tactile membrane switch or silicone button, featuring a waterproof and dustproof design (up to IP54 protection rating), clear key travel, distinct tactile feedback, and key sound feedback (which can be enabled or disabled via settings). The power button 61 specifically supports a long press (e.g., 2 seconds) to turn on and a short press to turn off. The mode switch button 62 specifically supports a short press to cycle through test modes, thereby adjusting the display content of the display screen 50 accordingly. When switching modes, the display screen 50 should, in addition to numerical changes, also display corresponding icons or text labels (e.g., "irradiance," "front temperature," "back temperature") to indicate the mode and avoid user misreading.

[0039] In some examples, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the solar radiation energy measuring device 1 also includes a tilt sensor, which is built into the device body 10 and configured to measure the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel when the device body 10 is attached to the surface of the photovoltaic panel. Since the effective solar irradiance received by the photovoltaic panel is closely related to its actual tilt angle—the irradiance received is maximum only when directly facing the sun, and decreases according to a cosine law when deviating—this example, by using a built-in tilt sensor, allows the solar radiation energy measuring device 1 to automatically record the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel being measured each time solar irradiance is measured. Operators no longer need to carry a separate tilt meter or rely on experience for visual estimation to obtain objective and quantitative tilt angle data. This data has at least two practical values: First, in subsequent data analysis, the measured irradiance value can be corrected to standard test conditions (such as horizontal irradiance or optimal tilt angle irradiance) based on the tilt angle, thereby eliminating the comparison error caused by the difference in installation angle and making the performance evaluation results of different power plants and different regions comparable; Second, for tracking photovoltaic brackets, on-site testing personnel can use this solar radiation energy measurement device 1 to quickly verify the tilt angle control accuracy of the tracking system, determine whether there is a tracking offset or jamming fault, and provide a direct basis for power plant operation and maintenance decisions.

[0040] It should be noted that the tilt sensor in this example can be a triaxial accelerometer chip based on MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) technology (such as Analog Devices' ADXL345, STMicroelectronics' LIS3DH, etc.). Its working principle is as follows: when the device body 10 is placed statically on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, the accelerometer sensitively senses the components of gravitational acceleration along the three orthogonal axes (X, Y, Z axes). Let the angle between the normal direction of the measuring plane of the device body 10 and the direction of gravity (vertical line) be the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel. The microcontroller reads the raw ADC values ​​of the triaxial acceleration, removes vibration noise through low-pass filtering, and then calculates the tilt angle using trigonometric functions. The specific calculation formulas are: Pitch = arcsin(-Ax / g) or arctan(Ax / sqrt(Ay^2+Az^2)), Roll = arctan(Ay / Az). It should be noted that since this solar radiation energy measuring device 1 is typically attached to the surface of the photovoltaic panel for measurement, the Z-axis of the device body 10 (perpendicular to the screen direction) is basically consistent with the normal direction of the photovoltaic panel. Therefore, the measured pitch angle can represent the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel. To prevent the angle reading from jumping due to the user moving the device body 10 during the measurement process, the microcontroller can set a data sampling window (e.g., continuously sampling 10 times and taking the median) and add an angle data hold function to the display screen 50 (e.g., locking the display of the last stable angle value after releasing the tilt angle measurement button). To improve measurement accuracy, the accelerometer needs to be zero-point calibrated and sensitivity calibrated before leaving the factory. The user can also perform reference plane calibration on-site through the "tilt angle calibration" function in the device settings menu. The typical measurement accuracy of the tilt sensor can reach within ±0.5°, and the resolution can reach 0.1°, fully meeting the needs of on-site testing of photovoltaic power plants.

[0041] In some examples, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the solar radiation energy measurement device 1 also includes a compass module, which is built into the device body 10 and set to measure the orientation of the photovoltaic panel. The orientation of the photovoltaic panel (i.e., azimuth angle, usually based on due north or due south) is another key installation parameter affecting the power generation efficiency of a photovoltaic power station. For fixed photovoltaic arrays, an orientation deviation from the optimal direction (due south in the Northern Hemisphere) will lead to a significant decrease in annual power generation; and for power stations in complex terrain requiring shading analysis or shadow simulation, accurate orientation data is an indispensable basic input. Thus, this example, through the built-in compass module, enables the solar radiation energy measurement device 1 to obtain the azimuth angle information of the currently measured photovoltaic panel with a single click while measuring irradiance and temperature, eliminating the need for operators to use a separate compass or mobile phone compass for measurement. This avoids the inconvenience of carrying extra tools and measurement errors caused by interference from metal structures (the photovoltaic panel frame and bracket are mostly made of aluminum or steel, which easily interferes with traditional compasses). It achieves a high degree of integration and automation of multi-parameter acquisition, providing comprehensive data support for system performance diagnosis, installation quality acceptance, and subsequent technical upgrade design of photovoltaic power stations.

[0042] It should be noted that the compass module in this example can specifically employ an electronic compass chip based on the magnetoresistive effect (AMR, anisotropic magnetoresistive) or magnetic induction effect (such as Honeywell HMC5883L, QMC5883L, etc.). This compass module can measure the intensity of the components of the geomagnetic field on three mutually orthogonal axes. The microcontroller reads these component values ​​and combines them with the pitch and roll angle data measured by the tilt sensor to perform tilt compensation (i.e., transforming the magnetic field vector in the 10-coordinate system of the device body to the horizontal coordinate system). Then, it uses the arctangent function to calculate the azimuth angle—that is, the angle between the normal direction of the photovoltaic panel and the geomagnetic north. Since there is a magnetic declination between geomagnetic north and true north (the magnetic declination varies in different geographical locations), to further improve measurement accuracy, the device has a built-in global magnetic declination lookup table. Users can automatically obtain the magnetic declination of the current location through the GPS module (if configured) for correction, or manually input the local magnetic declination value for setting. Special attention must be paid to on-site magnetic interference when using the compass module: the magnetic fields generated by the photovoltaic panel itself, the inverter, cables, and nearby ferromagnetic supports can all interfere with the compass readings. To address this, the solar radiation energy measurement device 1 employs differential signal sampling and bandpass filtering technology at the hardware level to suppress static magnetic field interference. At the software level, it incorporates hard magnetic calibration and soft magnetic calibration processes. Users can complete a full figure-eight or 360-degree horizontal rotation by rotating the device body 10 in an open, interference-free area (away from ferromagnetic objects). The microcontroller automatically records the maximum and minimum values ​​of each axis, calculates the calibration offset and scaling factor, and stores them in non-volatile memory, thereby dynamically compensating for the influence of interfering magnetic fields during actual measurements. The aforementioned display screen 50 can display the current magnetic field strength and interference level (e.g., good, moderate, strong interference) in real time. When strong interference is detected, the device automatically prompts the user to move away from the interference source or move the probe a distance away for measurement.

[0043] In some examples, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the solar radiation energy measurement device 1 also includes a wireless communication module, which is built into the device body 10 and configured to upload solar irradiance and temperature data to an external terminal or cloud server in real time. Thus, through the wireless communication module, this solar radiation energy measurement device 1 breaks through the traditional offline working mode of handheld instruments—"measurement-recording-back to the office for processing"—and realizes real-time data transmission and remote monitoring. On-site operators can view the measurement data in real time via a mobile app or tablet from a safe distance (such as inside the inverter room, under a sunshade, or inside an engineering vehicle), avoiding prolonged exposure to the scorching sun. This is particularly suitable for tasks requiring long-term continuous sampling of hot spot scanning or monitoring of daily cumulative irradiance. Simultaneously, data can be uploaded to the cloud server in real time, facilitating immediate analysis and fault diagnosis by remote expert teams. This enables a collaborative operation and maintenance mode of "online guidance and rapid response," significantly improving work efficiency and fault location accuracy. Furthermore, the wireless communication module also supports batch export of data to computers or mobile terminals, facilitating the generation of test reports and big data analysis later, providing a convenient data interface for the digital and intelligent operation and maintenance management of photovoltaic power plants.

[0044] It should be noted that the wireless communication module in this example can be configured with Bluetooth (BLE, Bluetooth Low Energy), Wi-Fi (Wireless Local Area Network), or 4G Cat.1 (Cellular IoT) communication standards depending on the application scenario. The Bluetooth module has the advantages of extremely low power consumption (suitable for built-in battery power), convenient connection to mobile phones, and no need for additional network infrastructure. It is suitable for one-to-one data transmission scenarios between a single device and a personal mobile phone, with a typical transmission distance of 10-30 meters. The Wi-Fi module has a high communication speed and can directly access a local area network or the internet through a router. It is suitable for scenarios where there is already wireless network coverage at the power plant site or where data aggregation through a local server is required. The typical transmission distance is 50-100 meters (line-of-sight). The 4G Cat.1 module uses cellular mobile networks and does not rely on on-site network facilities. As long as there is a carrier signal, remote cloud transmission can be achieved, making it suitable for power plants in remote areas or scenarios requiring centralized monitoring across regions. Regardless of the communication method used, the device body 10 is designed with an independent antenna (which can be built into the casing or an external soft antenna) to ensure signal transmission and reception quality. Data transmission is encapsulated in JSON format, including fields such as timestamp (supporting NTP network time synchronization), device ID, irradiance value, temperature value (front and back), tilt angle, and orientation. Optional data encryption (AES-128-bit encryption) ensures transmission security. To adapt to extreme environments without network signal coverage (such as desert power plants), this solar radiation energy measurement device 1 can also be used with the offline caching function of mobile terminals—data is temporarily stored locally on the phone and automatically synchronized to the cloud once the signal is restored, ensuring no data loss.

[0045] In some examples, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the button assembly 60 also includes a data recording (REC) button and a data holding (HOLD) button. The data recording button 63 is set to record the currently measured data, and the data holding button 64 is set to hold the data displayed on the current display screen 50. Thus, the data recording button 63 allows on-site maintenance personnel to save all current measurement parameters (including irradiance, front temperature, back temperature, tilt angle, orientation, and timestamp) with a single click when encountering suspicious data or important measurement points during inspections. This eliminates the need for manual transcription with pen and paper, greatly reducing the workload and error probability of data recording. Simultaneously, it ensures the complete association between each data point and its corresponding test conditions (especially environmental parameters such as temperature and tilt angle), providing a reliable foundation for subsequent data analysis and report generation. The data hold button 64 solves the practical pain point of "difficulty in observing the screen at the measurement point location". For example, when the operator places the device body 10 on the front of the photovoltaic panel and the external temperature probe 40 is placed on the back of the photovoltaic panel, the operator may be performing probe placement operations on the back of the photovoltaic panel and cannot see the reading on the front screen at the same time. At this time, pressing the data hold button 64 can freeze the currently displayed value. After the placement is completed, the operator can walk to the screen and read the value at ease, avoiding data omissions or misrecordings due to inconvenient location.

[0046] It should be noted that, in addition to the data recording key 63 and the data holding key 64, the button component 60 in this example may further include a SET key, a UNIT key, and a ZERO key. These buttons can all be designed as independent buttons, with clear tactile differences from the power button 61 and the mode switch key 62 (such as different raised shapes or surface textures), making it easy for operators to identify them even when wearing work gloves.

[0047] As a preferred embodiment, the data recording key 63 in this example is mainly used for data recording control and data storage viewing. A short press executes the "start / stop recording" operation: if the device is not currently in recording mode, it starts periodic continuous recording according to the user-preset sampling interval (configurable to 1 minute, 10 minutes, or 20 minutes via the settings page). The microcontroller inside the device body 10 stores the instantaneous values ​​of all measurement channels at the current moment, along with the timestamps, into the internal FLASH memory or external TF card according to the sampling interval, up to 99 sets of data can be stored. At the same time, the display screen 50 displays a "REC" icon or a "Recording" prompt, accompanied by a short beep from the buzzer for feedback. When pressed again, recording stops. If 99 sets of data have been stored, the device will also automatically stop recording and prompt "Storage full". A long press for 2 seconds enters the data storage page. At this time, the data can be scrolled up using the data hold key 64 and down using the unit key 66 to browse the stored historical records page by page. In the data storage page, a short press of the zero key 67 deletes the data record displayed on the current page.

[0048] As a preferred option, the setting key 65 in this example is mainly used for system parameter configuration. A short press enters the settings page, where you can cycle between the "Automatic Power Off Setting" and "Data Recording Interval Setting" options. On the "Automatic Power Off Setting" page, use the data hold key 64 or the unit key 66 to select "ON" (enable automatic power off) or "OFF" (disable automatic power off), then press the zeroing key 67 to confirm and return to the main page. On the "Data Recording Interval Setting" page, use the data hold key 64 or the unit key 66 to select the desired sampling interval (1 minute, 10 minutes, or 20 minutes), then press the zeroing key 67 to confirm and return to the main page.

[0049] As a preferred embodiment, the data hold button 64 in this example can specifically function as both a data hold button and a page up button. A short press triggers the "hold" function: the microcontroller stops refreshing the main numerical area on the display screen 50 (but data acquisition and storage continue normally in the background), and a "HOLD" icon is displayed on the screen, allowing the user to freeze the current reading when it is inconvenient to observe the screen at the measurement point location. A short press again releases the hold state, and the screen values ​​resume real-time refresh. In the data viewing page (accessed via the data recording button 63) or the settings page (accessed via the settings button 65), the data hold button 64 is used as a page up button or an up selection button. A long press for 2 seconds activates the always-on backlight mode of the display screen 50, facilitating continuous observation in dimly lit environments (such as early morning, dusk, or inverter rooms); in the always-on backlight mode, if no button operation is performed for more than 10 seconds, the backlight will automatically turn off to save power.

[0050] As a preferred embodiment, the zeroing key 67 in this example can be used to zero the tilt angle measurement and confirm the deletion operation. In tilt angle measurement mode, pressing and holding for 2 seconds will reset the current tilt angle sensor reading to zero, facilitating relative tilt angle measurement (e.g., measuring the change in the tilt angle of a photovoltaic panel relative to a reference surface). In the data viewing page (accessed via the data recording key 63) or the settings page (accessed via the settings key 65), a short press of the zeroing key 67 performs the confirmation or deletion function—specifically, in the settings page, it is used to confirm the parameter selection and return to the main page, and in the data storage page, it is used to delete the data record displayed on the current page.

[0051] As a preferred embodiment, the unit key 66 in this example can be used for switching measurement units and scrolling down. A short press in normal measurement mode is used to switch the irradiance unit (e.g., in W / m²). 2 and BTU / (ft) 2 (Cyclically switch between h). In temperature measurement mode, press and hold for 2 seconds to switch temperature units (e.g., switch between ℃ and ℉). In the data viewing page (accessed via data recording key 63) or settings page (accessed via settings key 65), the unit key 66 is used as a function key for scrolling down or selecting down.

[0052] Thus, through the systematic design of the above-mentioned button functions, this solar radiation energy measuring device 1 realizes convenient operation of multiple functions such as data recording, parameter setting, data playback, unit switching, and tilt angle zeroing on a limited operation panel, which fully meets the on-site operation requirements of "one-handed blind operation and rapid response" and significantly reduces the user's learning cost and operation complexity.

[0053] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown in the embodiment of this application, a measurement method for a solar radiation energy measuring device 1 is also provided. This measurement method specifically includes the following steps: Step S110: Measure the solar irradiance on the surface of the photovoltaic panel using an irradiance sensor.

[0054] Step S120: Determine whether the external temperature probe is electrically connected to the device body.

[0055] Step S130: If it is determined that the connection is not established, control the integrated temperature sensor to collect the first temperature data and output the first temperature data as the current valid temperature.

[0056] Step S140: If it is determined that the connection is established, control the external temperature probe to collect the second temperature data and output the second temperature data as the current effective temperature, or simultaneously control the integrated temperature sensor to collect the first temperature data and control the external temperature probe to collect the second temperature data, and output the first temperature data and the second temperature data as the current effective temperature.

[0057] It should be noted that the measurement method of the solar radiation energy measuring device 1 in this application embodiment is mainly applied to the solar radiation energy measuring device 1 in the above embodiment. Specific application scenarios include: when photovoltaic power plant maintenance personnel carry the solar radiation energy measuring device 1 for routine inspections, they can use the default "body only" mode to quickly measure the front temperature and irradiance of the photovoltaic panel; when an abnormal power generation efficiency of a certain string is found, and it is necessary to check whether it is a hot spot problem caused by back panel overheating, the operator only needs to plug in the external temperature probe 40, and the solar radiation energy measuring device 1 will automatically switch to the "body + probe" mode, simultaneously measuring and recording the front and back temperature difference data, thereby efficiently and accurately locating the fault. This method utilizes the decision logic of the microcontroller of the device body 10, ensuring that the data output under different hardware configurations meets the requirements of the current test task, without requiring users to perform complex menu settings.

[0058] In this way, the measurement method of the solar radiation energy measuring device 1 in this embodiment of the application achieves intelligent identification and response to the temperature measurement hardware configuration through the above-described method steps. When the external temperature probe 40 is not connected, the solar radiation energy measuring device 1 is used as a conventional irradiance meter, which is simple and convenient. When the external temperature probe 40 is connected, the solar radiation energy measuring device 1 automatically upgrades to a dual-channel temperature measurement device, meeting more complex testing needs. The entire process is transparent to the user, retaining the ease of use of basic instruments while possessing the flexibility of advanced instruments, significantly improving the level of intelligence in on-site testing.

[0059] In some examples, such as Figure 4 As shown, the measurement method also includes the following steps: Step S151: In response to the user's operation of the mode switching key, enter the dual-channel temperature difference measurement mode.

[0060] Step S152: In dual-channel temperature difference measurement mode, simultaneously acquire the first temperature data collected by the integrated temperature sensor and the second temperature data collected by the external temperature probe.

[0061] Step S153: Calculate the temperature difference between the first temperature data and the second temperature data, and control the display unit to simultaneously display the first temperature data, the second temperature data, and the temperature difference value.

[0062] Step S154: Determine whether the temperature difference exceeds the preset threshold. If it does, control the display unit or alarm unit to issue an alarm signal.

[0063] It should be noted that the dual-channel temperature difference measurement mode in this example is particularly suitable for detecting hot spot effects in photovoltaic modules. Under normal circumstances, the temperature difference between the front and back of a photovoltaic panel should be within a reasonable range (typically 5-15℃). If a severe hot spot occurs in a cell within a module, the local temperature in that area will rise sharply. This temperature will be conducted to the back side, causing the back side temperature to be much higher than normal, resulting in a significant reduction in the front-to-back temperature difference or even a negative temperature difference (back side temperature higher than front side). By calculating and displaying the temperature difference value in real time and setting alarm thresholds, testing personnel can quickly and quantitatively screen out modules with hot spot risks, preventing further deterioration and potential fires. Alarm signals can include screen flashing, buzzer beeping, or vibrator vibration.

[0064] In this way, the measurement method in this example, through the steps described above, upgrades traditional single-point temperature measurement into a temperature difference analysis tool with analytical capabilities. Users no longer need to manually calculate the temperature difference between the front and back sides, nor do they need to consult complex technical manuals. They can intuitively judge the health status of components through alarm signals, greatly reducing the technical threshold for hot spot detection and improving the efficiency and accuracy of operation and maintenance inspections.

[0065] In some examples, such as Figure 5 As shown, the measurement method also includes the following steps: Step S161: Obtain the current effective temperature output, which is the first temperature data and / or the second temperature data.

[0066] Step S162: Based on the current effective temperature output, the solar irradiance value of the irradiance sensor 20 is corrected for temperature drift by the temperature compensation circuit to output the final solar irradiance value after temperature compensation.

[0067] It should be noted that the method steps in this example represent a core optimization of the device's measurement accuracy. Because the irradiance sensor 20 is affected by temperature, measurement errors can occur. For example, after calibration at 25°C, the responsivity of a silicon photodiode may drift by -0.1% to -0.2% for every 1°C increase. Using this method, after obtaining the current effective temperature (whether it's the front temperature, the back temperature, or a weighted average of both), the microcontroller will call a pre-stored temperature compensation coefficient (e.g., a polynomial function or a lookup table) in real time to correct the original irradiance reading and output the compensated value. For example, when the sensor temperature reaches 50°C, the original reading is automatically increased by a corresponding proportion to offset the negative drift.

[0068] Thus, the measurement method in this example, through the steps described above, achieves active temperature compensation for irradiance measurement. Compared to ordinary irradiance meters without temperature compensation, this device can reduce the measurement error caused by sensor temperature variations from potentially exceeding ±5% to within ±1% over a wide temperature range of -10℃ to 70℃. This significantly broadens the instrument's applicable environment and ensures the reliability of measurement data under extreme weather conditions such as extreme heat and cold.

[0069] In summary, the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit it. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. These modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A solar radiation energy measuring device, characterized in that, The solar radiation energy measuring device includes a device body, an irradiance sensor, and a temperature measuring unit. The irradiance sensor is mounted on the device body and is configured to measure the solar irradiance on the surface of the photovoltaic panel to obtain the solar irradiance value. The temperature measurement unit includes an integrated temperature sensor and an external temperature probe. The integrated temperature sensor is fixedly mounted on the device body and is configured to contact a first position on the surface of the photovoltaic panel to obtain first temperature data. The external temperature probe is detachably electrically connected to the device body and is configured to contact a second position on the surface of the photovoltaic panel to obtain second temperature data. The second position and the first position are different positions on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, respectively. The device body is also configured to automatically select the first temperature data collected by the integrated temperature sensor and / or the second temperature data collected by the external temperature probe as the current effective temperature output based on the connection status of the external temperature probe.

2. The solar radiant energy measuring device of claim 1, wherein, The irradiance sensor is a silicon photodiode irradiance sensor or a thermopile irradiance sensor; and / or, The device body is also provided with a temperature compensation circuit, which is electrically connected to the irradiance sensor. The temperature compensation circuit is configured to correct the temperature drift of the solar irradiance value measured by the irradiance sensor based on the first temperature data and / or the second temperature data.

3. The solar radiation energy measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device body has a probe interface on its back or side. The probe interface is a reverse-insertion aviation plug interface or a USB Type-C interface, and the probe interface is configured to be detachably electrically connected to the external temperature probe.

4. The solar radiation energy measuring device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The external temperature probe includes a probe housing, a temperature sensing head, and a signal cable of a preset length. The temperature sensing head is fixed on the probe housing and is detachably electrically connected to the probe interface through the signal cable.

5. The solar radiation energy measuring device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The temperature sensing head is a platinum resistance temperature sensor or a thermocouple temperature sensor; and / or The probe housing is provided with a suction cup or magnetic fastener to releasably attach the external temperature probe to the surface of the photovoltaic panel via vacuum adsorption or magnetic attraction, and to enable the temperature sensing head to contact a second position on the surface of the photovoltaic panel.

6. The solar radiation energy measuring device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The solar radiation energy measuring device also includes a display screen and a button assembly, wherein... The display screen is disposed on the surface of the device body and is configured to display the solar irradiance value currently collected by the irradiance sensor and the first temperature data collected by the integrated temperature sensor, and to display the second temperature data collected by the external temperature probe when the external temperature probe is electrically connected to the device body. The button assembly includes a power button and a mode switching button. The power button is configured to control the power on / off of the solar radiation energy measuring device, and the mode switching button is configured to control the switching of test modes of the solar radiation energy measuring device. The test modes include a solar irradiance value test mode, a first temperature test mode, and a second temperature test mode.

7. The solar radiation energy measuring device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The solar radiation energy measuring device further includes a tilt sensor, which is built into the device body and configured to measure the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel when the device body is attached to the surface of the photovoltaic panel; and / or, The solar radiation energy measuring device also includes a compass module, which is built into the device body and configured to measure the orientation of the photovoltaic panel; and / or, The solar radiation energy measurement device also includes a wireless communication module, which is built into the device body and configured to upload solar irradiance data and temperature data to an external terminal or cloud server in real time; and / or, The button assembly further includes a data recording button and a data holding button. The data recording button is configured to record the currently measured data, and the data holding button is configured to hold the data displayed on the current screen.

8. A method for measuring solar radiation energy using a solar radiation energy measuring device, applied in the solar radiation energy measuring device as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The measurement method includes the following steps: The solar irradiance on the surface of the photovoltaic panel is measured using the irradiance sensor. Determine whether the external temperature probe is electrically connected to the device body; If it is determined that the connection is not established, the integrated temperature sensor is controlled to collect the first temperature data and output the first temperature data as the current valid temperature. If it is determined that the connection is established, the external temperature probe is controlled to collect the second temperature data and the second temperature data is output as the current effective temperature. Alternatively, the integrated temperature sensor is controlled to collect the first temperature data and the external temperature probe is controlled to collect the second temperature data, and the first temperature data and the second temperature data are output as the current effective temperature.

9. The measurement method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The measurement method further includes: In response to the user's operation of the mode switch key, it enters the dual-channel temperature difference measurement mode; In the dual-channel temperature difference measurement mode, the first temperature data collected by the integrated temperature sensor and the second temperature data collected by the external temperature probe are acquired simultaneously. Calculate the temperature difference between the first temperature data and the second temperature data, and control the display unit to simultaneously display the first temperature data, the second temperature data, and the temperature difference value; Determine whether the temperature difference exceeds a preset threshold. If it does, control the display unit or alarm unit to issue an alarm signal.

10. The measurement method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The measurement method further includes: Obtain the current effective temperature output, wherein the current effective temperature output is the first temperature data and / or the second temperature data; Based on the current effective temperature output, the solar irradiance value of the irradiance sensor is corrected for temperature drift by a temperature compensation circuit to output the final solar irradiance value after temperature compensation.

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