Photoelectric smoke alarm device, method, apparatus, and media

Abstract

This application provides a photoelectric smoke alarm device, method, equipment, and medium. The device includes: a hemispherical top cover and a labyrinth base. The hemispherical top cover is fixedly installed on the labyrinth base, forming an optical cavity together with the labyrinth base. The side walls of the hemispherical top cover have circumferentially distributed side smoke inlet slits, and the top has a circumferentially distributed top smoke inlet channels. An auxiliary phototube is arranged on the inner side of the top. A PCB board and a first light trap baffle are arranged on the labyrinth base. An infrared LED light source and a main phototube are integrated on the PCB board. The first light trap baffle is arranged between the infrared LED light source and the main phototube. The infrared LED light source is used to emit infrared light into the optical cavity. The main phototube and the infrared LED light source are arranged in a non-direct manner to receive the laterally scattered infrared light generated by smoke particles. This can significantly shorten the response time of vertically rising smoke and effectively suppress false alarms from horizontally diffused interference sources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photoelectric smoke alarm technology, and in particular to a photoelectric smoke alarm device, method, equipment and medium. Background Technology

[0002] Photoelectric smoke alarm devices utilize a labyrinth structure to form an optical cavity, employing the principle of infrared light scattering by smoke particles to detect fires. Current mainstream solutions use a flattened oval labyrinth with a closed top and smoke inlet slits only in the side walls, requiring smoke to diffuse horizontally into the cavity from the side. This structure has significant drawbacks: vertically rising smoke columns cannot enter directly and must detour around the side slits, resulting in a response delay of 20-40 seconds; the side-entry method is also sensitive to horizontally diffused interference sources such as water vapor and cosmetic sprays, leading to a high false alarm rate.

[0003] Therefore, improving the response speed to vertically rising smoke and reducing the false alarm rate are urgent problems to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a photoelectric smoke alarm device, method, equipment, and medium. An optical cavity is formed by enclosing a hemispherical top cover and a labyrinthine base. Side smoke entry slits are opened on the sidewalls of the hemispherical top cover, and multiple top smoke entry channels are opened on the top. An auxiliary phototube is installed on the inner side of the top, forming a dual-channel sampling system with the main phototube at the bottom, thereby enabling separate detection of vertically and horizontally entering smoke particles. Based on this, by calculating the direction ratio and rise time coefficient, three-dimensional weighted fusion recognition is achieved, effectively distinguishing vertically rising real fire smoke from horizontally diffusing interfering aerosols, improving the response speed to vertically rising smoke and reducing the false alarm rate.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a photoelectric smoke alarm device, the device comprising a hemispherical top cover and a labyrinth base, the hemispherical top cover being fixedly mounted on the labyrinth base, forming an optical cavity together with the labyrinth base, wherein: The hemispherical top cover has circumferentially distributed side smoke inlet slits on its side walls; the top of the hemispherical top cover has a circumferentially distributed top smoke inlet channels, where a is an integer greater than 4; an auxiliary phototube is provided on the inner side of the top of the hemispherical top cover, which is used to receive the top-scattered infrared light generated by the smoke particles entering through the top smoke inlet channels. The maze base is equipped with a PCB board and a first light trap baffle. The PCB board integrates an infrared LED light source and a main phototube. The first light trap baffle is disposed between the infrared LED light source and the main phototube to block the direct light from the infrared LED light source. The infrared LED light source is used to emit infrared light into the optical cavity. The main phototube is arranged in a non-direct manner with the infrared LED light source to receive the lateral scattered infrared light generated by the smoke particles.

[0006] Optionally, the top-entry flue is a pipe-like channel that runs obliquely through the hemispherical top cover and is equipped with a labyrinthine insect-proof net. The labyrinthine insect-proof net is made of stainless steel and is installed at the outlet end of the top-entry flue to prevent insects, dust, and particulate matter from entering the optical cavity through the top-entry flue.

[0007] Optionally, the inner wall of the top-entry flue is coated with a black matte finish and is provided with a second light trap baffle. The second light trap baffle is a plurality of axially extending labyrinthine light-blocking teeth arranged along the inner wall of the top-entry flue. It is used to absorb and attenuate external ambient light through multiple reflections, block the external ambient light from directly entering the optical cavity through the top-entry flue, and guide the smoke particles entering through the top-entry flue.

[0008] Optionally, the bottom of the maze base is provided with several conductive spring pins, which are electrically connected to the PCB board to enable the PCB board to conduct electricity with external circuits.

[0009] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a photoelectric smoke alarm method, applied to the device described in the first aspect, the method comprising: The main phototube and the auxiliary phototube are synchronously sampled according to a preset first frequency to obtain the main scattering signal and the auxiliary scattering signal. The direction ratio is determined based on the main scattering signal and the auxiliary scattering signal; Determine the rise time coefficient corresponding to the main scattered signal; The main scattering signal, the direction ratio, and the rise time coefficient are normalized respectively to obtain the first characteristic quantity, the second characteristic quantity, and the third characteristic quantity; The first feature, the second feature, and the third feature are weighted and fused according to a preset weighting system to obtain a risk score. Based on the comparison result between the risk score and the preset alarm threshold, the corresponding response operation is executed.

[0010] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device, including a processor, a memory, a communication interface, and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor, and the programs include instructions for performing steps in any method of the first aspect of this application.

[0011] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for electronic data interchange, wherein the computer program causes a computer to perform some or all of the steps described in any method of the first aspect of this application.

[0012] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer program product, wherein the computer program product includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program operable to cause a computer to perform some or all of the steps described in any method of the first aspect of this application. The computer program product may be a software installation package.

[0013] As can be seen, by using a hemispherical top cover and a labyrinthine base to form an optical cavity, with side-entry smoke slits on the sidewalls of the hemispherical top cover and multiple top-entry smoke channels on the top, and an auxiliary phototube on the inner side of the top and a main phototube at the bottom forming a dual-channel sampling, the system can separately detect vertically and horizontally entering smoke particles. Based on this, by calculating the direction ratio and rise time coefficient, a three-dimensional weighted fusion recognition is achieved, effectively distinguishing vertically rising real flame smoke from horizontally diffusing interfering aerosols, improving the response speed to vertically rising smoke and reducing the false alarm rate. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of a photoelectric smoke alarm device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photoelectric smoke alarm device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic flowchart of a photoelectric smoke alarm method provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating the determination of the rise time coefficient provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a process for determining a risk score provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a state hierarchical processing method provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0017] The terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or apparatuses.

[0018] It should be understood that the term "and / or" in this document is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. In the embodiments of this application, "multiple" refers to two or more.

[0019] In the embodiments of this application, "at least one item" or its similar expression refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item or a plurality of items. "One or more" means one or more, while "multiple" means two or more. For example, "at least one item" of a, b, or c can represent the following seven cases: a, b, c; a and b; a and c; b and c; a, b, and c. Each of a, b, and c can be an element or a set containing one or more elements.

[0020] In this application, the term "connection" refers to various connection methods, such as direct connection or indirect connection, to achieve communication between devices. This application does not impose any limitations on this.

[0021] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0022] Photoelectric smoke alarm devices utilize a labyrinth structure to form an optical cavity, employing the principle of infrared light scattering by smoke particles to detect fires. Current mainstream solutions use a flattened oval labyrinth with a closed top and smoke inlet slits only in the side walls, requiring smoke to diffuse horizontally into the cavity from the side. This structure has significant drawbacks: vertically rising smoke columns cannot enter directly and must detour around the side slits, resulting in a response delay of 20-40 seconds; the side-entry method is also sensitive to horizontally diffused interference sources such as water vapor and cosmetic sprays, leading to a high false alarm rate.

[0023] Therefore, improving the response speed to vertically rising smoke and reducing the false alarm rate are urgent problems to be solved.

[0024] To address the aforementioned problems, this application provides a photoelectric smoke alarm device, method, apparatus, and medium. The device includes a hemispherical top cover and a labyrinth base. The hemispherical top cover is fixedly installed on the labyrinth base, forming an optical cavity with the labyrinth base. The sidewalls of the hemispherical top cover have circumferentially distributed side smoke inlet slits. The top of the hemispherical top cover has *a* circumferentially distributed top smoke inlet channels, where *a* is an integer greater than 4. An auxiliary phototube is disposed on the inner side of the top of the hemispherical top cover, and the auxiliary phototube is used to receive smoke signals transmitted through the top... The smoke particles entering the flue produce top-scattered infrared light; the labyrinth base is equipped with a PCB board and a first light trap baffle, the PCB board integrates an infrared LED light source and a main phototube, the first light trap baffle is disposed between the infrared LED light source and the main phototube to block the direct light from the infrared LED light source; the infrared LED light source is used to emit infrared light into the optical cavity; the main phototube and the infrared LED light source are arranged in a non-direct manner to receive the side-scattered infrared light produced by the smoke particles.

[0025] As can be seen, by using a hemispherical top cover and a labyrinth base to form an optical cavity, opening side smoke entry slits on the side wall of the hemispherical top cover and multiple top smoke entry channels on the top, and setting auxiliary phototubes on the inner side of the top and the main phototubes at the bottom to form a dual-channel sampling, it is possible to detect vertically and horizontally entering smoke particles separately. This makes it easier to distinguish between vertically rising real smoke and horizontally spreading interfering aerosols, improves the response speed to vertically rising smoke and reduces the false alarm rate.

[0026] For easier understanding, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of a photoelectric smoke alarm device provided in the embodiments of this application. The photoelectric smoke alarm device (hereinafter referred to as the device) includes a hemispherical top cover and a maze base. The hemispherical top cover is fixedly installed on the maze base and together with the maze base, they form an optical cavity.

[0027] The hemispherical top cover, with its side-entry smoke slits on the side walls and multiple oblique top-entry smoke channels, achieves dual-path smoke entry for both horizontally diffused and vertically rising smoke. This retains the lateral smoke entry capability of traditional mazes while adding a vertical smoke entry channel, significantly shortening the response time of vertical smoke columns. The maze base, through an integrally injection-molded first light trap baffle, effectively blocks the direct light path between the infrared LED light source and the main phototube, ensuring that the main phototube only receives scattered light from smoke particles, thus improving the signal-to-noise ratio. The auxiliary phototube on the hemispherical top cover and the main phototube on the base form a dual-channel sampling system. By calculating the signal ratio between the two, the direction of smoke entry is perceived, providing a physical basis for distinguishing between vertically rising real fire smoke and horizontally diffused interfering aerosols.

[0028] It is evident that the dual-path smoke inlet structure of the hemispherical top cover, the directional detection system of the dual phototubes, and the anti-interference design of the light trap baffle have enabled a rapid response to vertically rising smoke and effective suppression of horizontal diffusion interference, significantly improving the response speed and recognition accuracy of the smoke alarm.

[0029] For easier understanding, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photoelectric smoke alarm device provided in an embodiment of this application, wherein the side wall of the hemispherical top cover has circumferentially distributed side smoke inlet slits, for example, Figure 2 The dotted lines on both sides of the hemispherical top cover provide a horizontal channel for smoke particles to enter the optical cavity; the top of the hemispherical top cover has a circumferentially distributed top-entry flue, where a is an integer greater than 4, for example, Figure 2 The dotted line structure at the top of the hemispherical top cover is the top-entry flue, used to allow vertically rising smoke to enter the optical cavity; an auxiliary phototube (such as...) is installed on the inner side of the top of the hemispherical top cover. Figure 2 The S-2 in the image is an auxiliary phototube used to receive the top-scattered infrared light generated by smoke particles entering through the top flue; the labyrinth base is equipped with a PCB board and a first light trap baffle, and the PCB board integrates an infrared LED light source (such as...). Figure 2 LEDs in the middle) and main phototubes (such as LEDs ... Figure 2In the S-1 section, the first light trap baffle is placed between the infrared LED light source and the main phototube to block the direct light from the infrared LED light source; the infrared LED light source is used to emit infrared light into the optical cavity; the main phototube and the infrared LED light source are arranged in a non-direct manner to receive the lateral scattered infrared light generated by smoke particles.

[0030] Specifically, the hemispherical top cover has a hemispherical shell structure, injection molded from black ABS material. Its inner wall is coated with a black light-absorbing coating and equipped with labyrinth light-blocking teeth (i.e., a second light trap baffle) to absorb stray light within the optical cavity. The side walls of the hemispherical top cover have circumferentially distributed side smoke inlet slits. These slits are continuously or intermittently distributed along the 360° circumference of the side walls of the hemispherical top cover, with a height of 3mm to 5mm, used to capture horizontally diffused smoke particles, maintaining lateral smoke entry capability compatible with traditional smoke alarms. The top of the hemispherical top cover has *a* circumferentially distributed top smoke inlets, where *a* is an integer greater than 4. Preferably, *a* is 4, 5, or 6, and these *a* top smoke inlets are evenly arranged in concentric circles with the center of the top of the hemispherical top cover as the center. The central angles between adjacent top smoke inlets are equal to ensure the uniformity of smoke particle entry from different directions. The first light trap baffle is set in the vertical light path between the infrared LED light source and the auxiliary phototube, including a horizontal or inclined annular baffle located directly above the infrared LED light source, to prevent the light emitted by the infrared LED light source from directly entering the auxiliary phototube without being scattered.

[0031] In some embodiments, the top-entry flue is a pipe-like channel that runs obliquely through the hemispherical top cover and is equipped with a labyrinth insect-proof net; the labyrinth insect-proof net is a stainless steel mesh that is embedded in the outlet end of the top-entry flue to prevent insects, dust and particulate matter from entering the optical cavity through the top-entry flue.

[0032] In some embodiments, the inner wall of the top-entry flue is coated with a black matte finish and is provided with a second light trap baffle. The second light trap baffle is a plurality of axially extending labyrinthine light-blocking teeth arranged along the inner wall of the top-entry flue. It is used to absorb and attenuate external ambient light through multiple reflections, block external ambient light from directly entering the optical cavity through the top-entry flue, and guide the smoke particles entering through the top-entry flue.

[0033] The top-entry flue is a pipe-like channel that runs obliquely through the hemispherical top cover, forming an angle of 30° to 45° with the vertical direction. The hemispherical top cover includes a labyrinthine insect-proof net and a second light trap baffle, and the top-entry flue is equipped with both the labyrinthine insect-proof net and the second light trap baffle. The labyrinthine insect-proof net is an 80- to 120-mesh stainless steel mesh, embedded at the outlet end of the top-entry flue, to prevent insects, dust, and particulate matter from entering the optical cavity through the top-entry flue.

[0034] The second light trap baffle includes multiple labyrinthine light-blocking teeth extending axially along the top flue. This second light trap baffle can be integrally injection molded with the inner wall of the top flue, or it can be... Figure 2 As shown, the second light trap baffle and the labyrinth insect-proof net are integrated into a single structure. This integrated structure not only blocks insects and dust from entering the optical cavity but also absorbs and attenuates external ambient light through multiple reflections. Multiple labyrinth light-blocking teeth are evenly distributed circumferentially along the inner wall of the top-entry flue, protruding a predetermined height from the inner wall towards the central axis. Adjacent labyrinth light-blocking teeth form a tortuous, non-linear smoke entry channel. The surface of the labyrinth light-blocking teeth has a black light-absorbing coating to enhance light absorption. When external ambient light enters from the inlet of the top-entry flue, the light undergoes multiple reflections between adjacent labyrinth light-blocking teeth and between the labyrinth light-blocking teeth and the inner wall. Each reflection is partially absorbed by the black light-absorbing coating. After multiple reflections and absorptions, the energy of the light is attenuated to a negligible level, preventing it from passing straight through the top-entry flue into the optical cavity. Simultaneously, the tortuous channels between the labyrinth light-blocking teeth guide the flow of smoke particles. When smoke particles enter from the inlet end of the top-entry flue, the tortuous channel guides the particles along a predetermined path and accelerates them, allowing them to quickly pass through the top-entry flue and diffuse into the optical cavity, ultimately reaching the receiving area of ​​the auxiliary phototube. Furthermore, the labyrinthine light-blocking teeth also serve a dust-proof function, preventing some large dust particles from falling directly into the optical cavity and extending the lifespan of both the auxiliary and main phototubes.

[0035] In some embodiments, the bottom of the maze base is provided with several conductive spring pins, which are electrically connected to the PCB board to enable the PCB board to conduct electricity with external circuits.

[0036] Among them, such as Figure 2 As shown, the bottom of the maze base is equipped with several conductive spring pins, which are electrically connected to the PCB board to enable conduction between the PCB board and external circuits. The conductive spring pins are gold-plated spring pins or gold-plated spring sheets, and there are 4 to 6 conductive spring pins, which are evenly distributed around the bottom edge of the maze base.

[0037] It should be noted that the auxiliary phototube, infrared LED light source, and main phototube are configured for synchronous sampling. When the infrared LED light source pulses and illuminates, the main phototube synchronously collects the intensity of lateral scattered light and outputs a main scattering signal representing the smoke concentration; the auxiliary phototube synchronously collects the intensity of top scattered light and outputs an auxiliary scattering signal representing the intensity of smoke entering from the vertical direction. The main scattering signal and the auxiliary scattering signal together constitute a dual-channel signal, which is used for subsequent calculation of the direction ratio.

[0038] It is evident that the dual-path smoke inlet structure of the hemispherical top cover, the light trap design, and the dual phototube synchronous sampling system enable rapid response to vertically rising smoke and effective suppression of horizontal diffusion interference. Furthermore, through the synergistic effect of the labyrinthine insect-proof net and labyrinthine light-blocking teeth inside the top-mounted smoke duct, it also achieves insect and dust prevention, resistance to ambient light interference, and smoke diversion acceleration functions, significantly improving the response speed, identification accuracy, and environmental adaptability of the smoke alarm.

[0039] The following is combined with Figure 3 The electronic devices in the embodiments of this application will be described. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the electronic device includes one or more processors, a memory, a communication interface, and one or more programs. The processor is connected to the memory and the communication interface via an internal communication bus.

[0040] The processor can be used for: The main phototube and the auxiliary phototube are synchronously sampled according to a preset first frequency to obtain the main scattering signal and the auxiliary scattering signal. The direction ratio is determined based on the main scattering signal and the auxiliary scattering signal; Determine the rise time coefficient corresponding to the main scattered signal; The main scattering signal, the direction ratio, and the rise time coefficient are normalized respectively to obtain the first characteristic quantity, the second characteristic quantity, and the third characteristic quantity; The first feature, the second feature, and the third feature are weighted and fused according to a preset weighting system to obtain a risk score. Based on the comparison result between the risk score and the preset alarm threshold, the corresponding response operation is executed.

[0041] The one or more programs are stored in the aforementioned memory and configured to be executed by the aforementioned processor, and the one or more programs include instructions for performing any step in the above method embodiments.

[0042] The processor can be a central processing unit (CPU), a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. It can implement or execute the various exemplary logic blocks, cells, and circuits described in conjunction with the disclosure of this application. The processor can also be a combination that implements computational functions, such as a combination of one or more microprocessors, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, etc. The communication unit can be a communication interface, transceiver, transceiver circuit, etc., and the storage unit can be a memory.

[0043] The memory can be volatile or non-volatile, or a combination of both. Non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), used as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of random access memory (RAM) are available, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous DRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous DRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous linked DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM).

[0044] It is understood that the electronic device may include more or fewer structural elements than those shown in the block diagram above, such as a power module, physical buttons, a Wi-Fi module, a speaker, a Bluetooth module, sensors, a display module, etc., without limitation. It is understood that the electronic device may incorporate elements such as... Figure 2 The structure of the aforementioned photoelectric smoke alarm device.

[0045] After understanding the software and hardware architecture of this application, the following will be combined with... Figure 4 This application describes a photoelectric smoke alarm method according to its embodiments. Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating a photoelectric smoke alarm method provided in an embodiment of this application, applied to a photoelectric smoke alarm device, specifically including the following steps: Step S401: Synchronously sample the main phototube and the auxiliary phototube according to a preset first frequency to obtain the main scattering signal and the auxiliary scattering signal.

[0046] Specifically, the preset first frequency is 6 times / minute, meaning sampling occurs once every 10 seconds. During each sampling, the infrared LED light source is driven by a constant current source, with a preset pulse duration (e.g., 100μs). Simultaneously with the infrared LED light source illuminating, the main phototube and auxiliary phototube are triggered to synchronously acquire light signals. The main phototube acquires the side-scattered light generated by smoke particles and outputs the main scattering signal; the auxiliary phototube acquires the top-scattered light generated by smoke particles and outputs the auxiliary scattering signal. After sampling is complete, the infrared LED light source is turned off, entering a low-power standby state until the next sampling time.

[0047] Step S402: Determine the direction ratio based on the main scattering signal and the auxiliary scattering signal.

[0048] Specifically, the formula for calculating the direction ratio DIR_ratio is: DIR_ratio = S_aux / S_main, where S_main is the main scattering signal output by the main phototube, and S_aux is the auxiliary scattering signal output by the auxiliary phototube. To prevent division by zero errors, a very small constant ε can be added during the actual calculation, i.e.: DIR_ratio = S_aux / (S_main + ε), where ε is a preset very small positive number, preferably ε = 0.01.

[0049] The direction ratio DIR_ratio is used to characterize the direction of smoke entry: when DIR_ratio>1, it indicates that the auxiliary scattering signal is stronger than the main scattering signal, and the smoke mainly enters vertically from the top, indicating that the fire source is directly below the alarm or the smoke is rising vertically; when DIR_ratio=1, it indicates that the signal strengths of the two directions are equal, and the smoke enters from the top and sides in a mixed manner; when DIR_ratio<1, it indicates that the main scattering signal is stronger than the auxiliary scattering signal, and the smoke mainly enters horizontally from the sides, indicating that the smoke may come from a horizontal interference source or a fire source that is not directly below.

[0050] Step S403: Determine the rise time coefficient corresponding to the main scattering signal.

[0051] For easier understanding, please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the determination of the rise time coefficient according to an embodiment of this application. The specific steps for determining the rise time coefficient corresponding to the main scattering signal include: S11. A sliding window of preset length is used to buffer the sampling sequence corresponding to the main scattering signal; the length of the sampling sequence is the preset length. S12. Obtain the maximum signal value in the sliding window and its corresponding target time; S13. Determine the first signal threshold and the second signal threshold corresponding to the maximum signal value; the first signal threshold is less than the second signal threshold; S14. In the sliding window, backtrack from the target time to obtain the first time corresponding to the first signal value that meets the first preset condition; the first preset condition is the first signal value that is less than the first signal threshold. S15. In the sliding window, backtrack from the target time to obtain the second time corresponding to the second signal value that meets the second preset condition; the second preset condition is the first signal value that is less than the second signal threshold. S16. Determine the rise time coefficient based on the difference between the second time point and the first time point.

[0052] In a specific embodiment, the preset length can be 60 seconds, meaning that the sliding window buffers all main scattering signal sample values ​​acquired within the most recent 60 seconds. The preset first frequency is 6 times / minute (i.e., sampling once every 10 seconds), so the sliding window contains 6 sampling points. When the sampling frequency is increased from the preset first frequency to the preset second frequency (i.e., 1Hz, sampling once per second), the sliding window contains 60 sampling points. The sliding window slides forward over time; each time a new sample value is acquired, the window discards the oldest sample value and adds the latest sample value, always ensuring that the window contains sample data from the most recent preset time period.

[0053] The process involves traversing all sampling points within a sliding window to find the maximum signal value S_peak and recording the corresponding sampling time t_peak. If multiple identical maximum values ​​exist within the window, the earliest or latest occurrence is taken as t_peak, which can be determined based on the actual application scenario. The first signal threshold is 0.1 × S_peak, i.e., 10% of the maximum signal value; the second signal threshold is 0.9 × S_peak, i.e., 90% of the maximum signal value. It should be noted that 10% and 90% are merely exemplary ratios. In other embodiments, other ratios can be used, such as 15% and 85%, or 20% and 80%, as long as they can effectively characterize the signal rise process.

[0054] Then, starting from time t_peak, the process proceeds backward (in the direction of decreasing time), comparing the signal value of each sampling point with the first signal threshold (0.1 × S_peak). When the first sampling point that satisfies the condition of signal value < 0.1 × S_peak is found, the corresponding time is recorded as t_start. This time represents the starting point at which the smoke concentration begins to rise significantly.

[0055] Next, starting from time t_peak, the process proceeds backward (in the direction of decreasing time), comparing the signal value of each sampling point with the second signal threshold (0.9 × S_peak). When the first sampling point that satisfies the condition of signal value < 0.9 × S_peak is found, the corresponding time is recorded as t_end. This time indicates that the smoke concentration has approached 90% of the peak value, and the rising process is basically complete.

[0056] The rise time coefficient T_rise is calculated as follows: T_rise = t_end - t_start. This difference represents the time it takes for the main scattered signal to rise from 10% to 90% of its peak value, characterizing the rate of increase in smoke concentration. When T_rise is small (e.g., 3-15 seconds), it indicates a rapid increase in smoke concentration, consistent with the exponential growth characteristics of a real fire; when T_rise is large (e.g., greater than 20 seconds), it indicates a slow increase in smoke concentration, which may be due to water vapor diffusion, residual smoke from adjacent walls, or non-fire interference sources.

[0057] It should be noted that the T_rise criterion is not activated when the maximum signal value S_peak is less than the preset minimum concentration threshold. This preset minimum concentration threshold is preferably 0.03 dB / m. When S_peak is below this preset minimum concentration threshold, it indicates that the smoke concentration is too low, and the calculated T_rise is unreliable. In this case, T_rise is not used as a judgment criterion to avoid misjudgment caused by low-concentration noise.

[0058] It is evident that by using a sliding window to buffer the sampling sequence of the main scattering signal and by accurately calculating the rise time coefficient through reverse backtracking, the rate of increase in smoke concentration can be accurately characterized, effectively distinguishing between exponentially growing real fire smoke (e.g., T_rise = 3~15 seconds) and slowly growing interference sources (e.g., T_rise > 20 seconds), providing a reliable temporal characteristic basis for early fire identification.

[0059] For easier understanding, please refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a risk score determination process provided in this application embodiment. First, the device acquires the main scattering signal (corresponding to side-scattering light intensity) output by the main phototube and the auxiliary scattering signal (corresponding to top-scattering light intensity) output by the auxiliary phototube at a preset synchronous sampling frequency. Then, based on the ratio of the two, a direction ratio is calculated. This feature characterizes the smoke entry direction and distribution uniformity, distinguishing real fire smoke from non-fire interference sources such as localized dust and water vapor. Next, to avoid misjudgments caused by low-concentration noise or weak interference, a preset minimum concentration threshold (e.g., 0.03 dB / m³) can be introduced as a branch condition to determine whether the main scattering signal is less than the preset minimum concentration threshold. In high-concentration scenarios (primary scattering signal ≥ preset minimum concentration threshold): the signal strength is reliable, and the rise time coefficient can be used as a criterion. The rate of smoke concentration increase is characterized by calculating the time it takes for the primary scattering signal to rise from the baseline to a set proportion, thus distinguishing between slowly changing water vapor / dust and rapidly developing fire smoke. Subsequently, the primary scattering signal, direction ratio, and rise time coefficient are normalized to obtain the first, second, and third feature quantities, achieving multi-dimensional accurate identification. Then, the normalized three feature quantities are weighted and fused using a preset weighting method to obtain a risk score.

[0060] In low-concentration scenarios (primary scattering signal < preset minimum concentration threshold): Signal strength is low, noise is high, and the rise time coefficient is easily distorted by interference; therefore, this criterion is not used. Only the primary scattering signal (concentration characteristic) and the direction ratio (distribution characteristic) are normalized to obtain a first feature and a second feature. A preliminary risk assessment is performed using dual-feature fusion, balancing stability and response speed. Then, the normalized dual features are weighted and fused using a preset weighting system to obtain a risk score.

[0061] It should be noted that the preset orientation ratio threshold is preferably 0.3. This orientation ratio threshold is determined based on a large amount of experimental data. When the orientation ratio is <0.3, it indicates that the auxiliary scattering signal is significantly weaker than the main scattering signal, and the smoke particles mainly enter the optical cavity from the lateral horizontal direction. Such signals usually correspond to horizontally diffused interference sources such as water vapor, cosmetic spray, cooking fumes, and dust. When the orientation ratio is ≥0.3, it indicates that the proportion of smoke entering from the vertical direction is relatively high, and the signal may come from a real fire source.

[0062] In this low-concentration scenario, the direction ratio is checked against a preset threshold. If the direction ratio is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, the current signal is determined to be a vertical smoke signal, possibly originating from a real fire source. In this case, no preset score is deducted, and the preliminary risk score is retained as the final risk score. If the direction ratio is less than the preset threshold, the current signal is determined to be a horizontally spreading interference signal (such as water vapor, dust, or fumes), triggering a suppression mechanism that deducts the preset score. The preset score Vapor_penalty is deducted from the preliminary risk score Risk_init to obtain the final risk score Risk_final. The calculation formula is: Risk_final = max(0, min(1.0, Risk_score) Vapor_penalty)). Here, Vapor_penalty represents the preset score, preferably 0.25, but no specific limitation is made here. By deducting the preset score, the initial risk score that might otherwise fall into the warning zone or alarm zone is significantly reduced, thereby avoiding false alarms triggered by horizontal diffusion interference sources such as water vapor and dust.

[0063] As can be seen, by introducing a preset minimum concentration threshold for branching, using the rise time coefficient for three-feature weighted fusion recognition in high-concentration scenarios, and employing concentration and orientation ratio dual-feature fusion and introducing orientation ratio judgment branching and suppression deduction mechanisms in low-concentration scenarios, accurate differentiation between real fire smoke and horizontal diffusion interference sources is achieved. This ensures high-sensitivity early warning of fires while effectively suppressing false alarms from interference sources such as water vapor and dust, thus balancing response speed, recognition accuracy, and anti-interference capability.

[0064] In some embodiments, in high-concentration scenarios (i.e., the main scattering signal S_main ≥ a preset minimum concentration threshold), if the orientation ratio DIR_ratio < 0.3, it is determined whether the rise time coefficient conforms to an exponential rise characteristic. If the rise time coefficient T_rise is less than or equal to a preset time threshold (e.g., 15 seconds), it is determined that the smoke concentration is growing rapidly in an exponential manner, which conforms to the characteristics of a real fire. In this case, the standard weight of the rise time feature is maintained (e.g., 0.25) or its weight is increased in the weighted fusion. If the rise time coefficient T_rise is greater than the preset time threshold, it is determined that the smoke concentration rises slowly, which may be a non-fire interference source (e.g., water vapor, dust). In this case, the weight of the rise time coefficient in the weighted fusion can be reduced, or the feature can be directly suspended, and dual-feature fusion can be performed only based on concentration and orientation ratio to avoid misjudgment caused by slow interference. Alternatively, a preset score can be deducted from the final risk score to suppress the interference of water vapor. No specific limitations are made here. Through the above mechanism, the device can adaptively adjust the criterion weight or adjust the risk score according to the smoke rise rate in high-concentration scenarios, further improving the accuracy of real fire identification and anti-interference ability.

[0065] Step S404: Normalize the main scattering signal, the direction ratio, and the rise time coefficient to obtain the first characteristic quantity, the second characteristic quantity, and the third characteristic quantity.

[0066] Specifically, the main scattering signal S_main represents the smoke concentration within the optical cavity. Theoretically, its value ranges from 0 to infinity. However, in practical applications, an alarm is triggered once a certain concentration is exceeded, making the distinction between higher concentrations less meaningful. Therefore, a pre-set upper concentration limit S_max maps S_main to the 0~1 range. The normalization formula is: S_norm = min(1.0, S_main / S_max). Here, S_max represents the preset upper concentration limit, preferably 0.3 dB / m; S_norm represents the first characteristic quantity. When S_main ≥ S_max, S_norm is set to 1.0. It should be noted that 0.3 dB / m is only an example value. In other embodiments, this value can be adjusted according to the actual application scenario and sensitivity requirements, such as 0.25 dB / m or 0.35 dB / m.

[0067] The orientation ratio, DIR_ratio = S_aux / S_main, theoretically ranges from 0 to infinity. In practical applications, DIR_ratio can reach 5.0 or even higher in vertical smoke entry scenarios, but excessively high ratios contribute little to the judgment. Therefore, an upper limit for the orientation ratio is preset, mapping DIR_ratio to the 0~1 range. The normalization formula is: DIR_norm = min(1.0, DIR_ratio / DIR_max). Here, DIR_max represents the preset upper limit of the orientation ratio, preferably 1.5; DIR_norm represents the second feature quantity. When DIR_ratio ≥ 1.5, DIR_norm is 1.0. It should be noted that 1.5 is only an example value; in other embodiments, this value can be adjusted according to actual test data, such as 1.2 or 2.0.

[0068] The rise time coefficient T_rise represents the time it takes for the smoke concentration to rise from 10% of its peak value to 90%, and its value ranges from 0 to infinity. In a real fire, T_rise is typically small (3-15 seconds), while intrusive sources have larger T_rise (over 20 seconds). Therefore, a pre-set rise time baseline value T_ref maps T_rise to the 0-1 range. The smaller T_rise is, the larger T_norm is, indicating a higher fire risk. The normalization formula is: T_norm = min(1.0, T_ref / max(T_rise, T_min)). Here, T_ref represents the preset rise time baseline value, preferably 15 seconds; T_norm represents the third characteristic quantity; and T_min is a preset minimum time constant (e.g., 1 second) used to prevent division by zero errors. When T_rise is less than T_min, T_min is used in the calculation. When T_rise ≤ T_ref, T_norm is 1.0; when T_rise > T_ref, T_norm = T_ref / T_rise, and decreases as T_rise increases.

[0069] Step S405: The first feature, the second feature, and the third feature are weighted and fused according to a preset weighting to obtain a risk score.

[0070] Specifically, the pre-set weighted array includes a first weight, a second weight, and a third weight, corresponding to the first feature, the second feature, and the third feature, respectively. The sum of the first, second, and third weights is 1. The first weight can be set to 0.4, the second weight to 0.35, and the third weight to 0.25; no specific limitations are imposed here. A risk score is obtained by weighted fusion based on the first, second, and third weights, the first feature, the second feature, and the third feature. The risk score ranges from [0, 1], with a score closer to 1 indicating a higher fire risk and a score closer to 0 indicating a lower fire risk.

[0071] Step S406: Based on the comparison result between the risk score and the preset alarm threshold, execute the corresponding response operation.

[0072] The preset alarm threshold includes a first alarm threshold and a second alarm threshold, wherein the first alarm threshold is less than the second alarm threshold. The step of performing a corresponding response operation based on the comparison result between the risk score and the preset alarm threshold includes the following steps: S21. When the risk score is less than the first alarm threshold, it is determined to be a safe state, and the frequency of synchronous sampling is maintained at the preset first frequency; the synchronous sampling frequency is the sampling frequency for synchronous sampling of the main phototube and the auxiliary phototube; S22. When the risk score is greater than or equal to the first alarm threshold and less than the second alarm threshold, it is determined to be a warning state, the frequency of synchronous sampling is adjusted to a preset second frequency and a warning signal is issued; the preset second frequency is higher than the preset first frequency. S23. When the risk score is greater than or equal to the second alarm threshold, an alarm state is determined and an alarm signal is issued.

[0073] In a specific embodiment, the first alarm threshold is preferably 0.4. When the risk score is less than the first alarm threshold (i.e., the risk score is below 0.4), it indicates that the smoke concentration in the optical cavity is low, and the directional and rise time characteristics have not reached the warning level, thus determining a safe state. In the safe state, the photoelectric smoke alarm device maintains a low-power operation mode, and the synchronous sampling frequency remains at a preset first frequency, preferably 6 times / minute, i.e., sampling once every 10 seconds. During each sampling, the infrared LED light source pulse illuminates for 100μs, and the main phototube and auxiliary phototube synchronously collect light signals. The built-in microcontroller reads the sampled value and calculates the risk score, then enters a sleep state until the next sampling time. In the safe state, no alarm or warning signal is issued, and the indicator light can remain constantly green or turn off to indicate normal working status.

[0074] The second alarm threshold is preferably 0.7. When the risk score is greater than or equal to the first alarm threshold and less than the second alarm threshold (i.e., the risk score is between 0.4 and 0.7), it indicates that there is a potential fire risk, but it has not yet reached the level requiring an immediate alarm, and is thus determined to be in a warning state. In the warning state, the device enters a high-intensity monitoring mode, and the synchronous sampling frequency is adjusted from a preset first frequency (6 times / minute) to a preset second frequency (preferably 1Hz, i.e., once per second) to increase the data acquisition density and more accurately track the changing trend of smoke concentration. At the same time, the device issues a warning signal, which can be a solid yellow indicator light or a slow flashing light. The warning state is an intermediate state between the safe state and the alarm state, used to wait for secondary confirmation. In the warning state, the device continuously monitors the changing trend of the risk score. If the risk score continues to rise and reaches the second alarm threshold, an alarm is triggered; if the risk score drops below the first alarm threshold, the device returns to the safe state.

[0075] Specifically, when the risk score is greater than or equal to the second alarm threshold (i.e., the risk score reaches or exceeds 0.7), it indicates a high fire risk, and the device determines that it is in an alarm state. In the alarm state, the device emits an alarm signal, which includes both visual and auditory signals. Preferably, the auditory signal is an 85dB high-decibel alarm sound emitted by a buzzer, and the visual signal is a high-frequency flashing red indicator light. The intensity and frequency of the alarm signal can be adjusted according to the actual application scenario to meet the requirements of relevant safety standards. In the alarm state, the device can maintain a high sampling frequency (e.g., 1Hz) to continuously monitor the changing trend of the risk score. If the risk score falls below the second alarm threshold but remains within the warning range, the device can decide whether to continue the alarm or downgrade to a warning state according to a preset strategy. Preferably, once an alarm is triggered, the device maintains the alarm state until manually reset or the risk score remains below the first alarm threshold for an extended period (e.g., 30 seconds).

[0076] As can be seen, by setting a first alarm threshold and a second alarm threshold, the smoke alarm status is divided into a three-level response system of safe status, warning status, and alarm status. In the safe status, low power consumption and low frequency sampling are maintained. In the warning status, the sampling frequency is increased and a warning signal is issued for secondary confirmation. In the alarm status, an audible and visual alarm is triggered. This not only realizes the hierarchical management of fire risk and avoids false alarms or missed alarms caused by a single threshold, but also achieves a balance between power consumption and response speed by dynamically adjusting the sampling frequency, taking into account both the device's endurance and the need for rapid response to early fires.

[0077] For easier understanding, please refer to Figure 7 , Figure 7This is a schematic flowchart of a state hierarchical processing method provided in an embodiment of this application. After adjusting the frequency of synchronous sampling to a preset second frequency and issuing a warning signal, the method further includes the following steps: S31. If the risk score drops below the first alarm threshold within a preset time period, the warning state is converted to the safe state. S32. If the risk score is greater than or equal to the first alarm threshold and less than the second alarm threshold within the preset time period, then the warning status is maintained. S33. If the risk score rises and reaches the second alarm threshold within the preset time period, the warning state is converted into the alarm state.

[0078] In a specific embodiment, the preset time period refers to the time window during which the device waits for secondary confirmation after entering the warning state. The length of this time window can be preset according to the actual application scenario, and can be set to 15 seconds, without specific limitation here. When the device is in the warning state, it continuously monitors the changing trend of the risk score. If the risk score drops below the first alarm threshold within the preset time period, it indicates that the smoke concentration has been significantly reduced and the potential fire risk has been eliminated, and the device will switch the warning state to a safe state. For example, stopping the warning signal: turning off the yellow indicator light; restoring the sampling frequency: restoring the synchronous sampling frequency from the preset second frequency to the preset first frequency; updating the status: updating the internal status flag from the warning state to the safe state.

[0079] When the device is in warning mode, if the risk score remains between the first and second alarm thresholds (i.e., 0.4 ≤ risk score < 0.7) within a preset time period, it indicates that the smoke concentration remains stable or fluctuates, has not yet reached the alarm condition but has not decreased significantly either, and the device maintains the warning state. For example, maintaining the warning signal: the yellow indicator light continues to illuminate or flash; maintaining the sampling frequency: continuing synchronous sampling at a preset second frequency; resetting the timer: starting from the current moment as the new starting point, restarting the timing for the next preset time period, and continuing to monitor the trend of risk score changes. It should be noted that a maximum warning duration (e.g., 5 minutes) can be set to avoid prolonged periods in warning mode. If the device remains in the warning range beyond the maximum warning duration, it can choose to automatically restore the safe state and record unconfirmed events, or issue a maintenance reminder.

[0080] When the device is in warning mode, if the risk score rises and reaches the second alarm threshold within a preset time period, it indicates that the smoke concentration is continuously increasing and the fire risk is high. The device will then switch from warning mode to alarm mode. For example, stopping the warning signal: turning off the yellow indicator light; issuing an alarm signal: triggering the buzzer to emit an 85dB high-decibel alarm sound, while the red indicator light flashes frequently; status update: updating the internal status flag from warning mode to alarm mode.

[0081] It is evident that by introducing a preset time period for secondary confirmation in the early warning state, continuously monitoring the changing trend of the risk score, and executing the conversion to a safe state, maintaining the early warning state, or converting to an alarm state according to the decrease, maintenance, or increase of the risk score, false alarms caused by instantaneous fluctuations are avoided, and timely response to continuously rising fires is ensured, achieving a balance between robustness and sensitivity in alarm decision-making.

[0082] In some embodiments, the user uses an open flame to directly fumigate the top of the photoelectric smoke alarm device from below. Physically, the smoke column rises vertically upwards and directly hits the top of the maze, with almost all the smoke entering the optical cavity through the top-entry smoke duct. At t=3s, the auxiliary scattering signal S_aux=0.25, the main scattering signal S_main=0.05, the direction ratio DIR_ratio=5.0, and the normalized direction feature DIR_norm=1.0; at t=8s, S_main rises to 0.12dB / m, the rise time coefficient T_rise≈5s, and the normalized rise time feature T_norm=1.0. The risk score is: 0.4×(0.12 / 0.3)+0.35×1.0+0.25×1.0=0.16+0.35+0.25=0.76≥0.7. Result: The device triggers the alarm within 8 seconds. In contrast, traditional flat-round maze smoke detectors in this scenario often fail to reach the alarm threshold for a long time, typically requiring more than 40 seconds to trigger an alarm, or even failing to trigger one at all.

[0083] In some embodiments, bathroom steam diffuses horizontally along the corridor to a photoelectric smoke alarm device installed in the corridor. Physical characteristics: steam enters from the side smoke inlet, with a low peak concentration and an ambient temperature rise of less than 2°C. Specifically, S_main peak value is 0.08, S_aux is only 0.015, direction ratio DIR_ratio = 0.19, DIR_norm = 0.12; rise time coefficient T_rise = 35s, T_norm = 15 / 35 ≈ 0.43; preliminary risk score: 0.4 × 0.27 + 0.35 × 0.12 + 0.25 × 0.43 = 0.11 + 0.04 + 0.11 = 0.26. Since DIR_ratio < 0.3 and there is no exponential rise characteristic (i.e., T_rise > 15s), the device activates steam suppression with a deduction of 0.25, resulting in a final risk score of max(0, 0.26 - 0.25) = 0.01. Result: No alarm was triggered, while traditional flat round smoke detectors often give false alarms in this scenario due to artificially high smoke concentration.

[0084] In some embodiments, a cigarette butt on a sofa ignites a smoldering fire, with the ignition point located below the photoelectric smoke alarm device. Physical characteristics: the smoke rises vertically, maintaining a clear vertical directionality when the smoke column reaches the alarm. Specifically, at t=10s, S_aux=0.08, S_main=0.03, direction ratio DIR_ratio=2.67, DIR_norm=1.0; T_rise=12s, T_norm=1.0; risk score: 0.4×0.1+0.35×1.0+0.25×1.0=0.04+0.35+0.25=0.64. At this point, S_main is only 20% of the national standard alarm threshold of 0.15dB / m, but the directional and rise time characteristics strongly suggest a real fire. Result: The risk score of 0.64 falls into the warning zone (0.4~0.7), and the device increases the synchronous sampling frequency from 6 times / minute to 1Hz to continue tracking. After another 10 seconds, when S_main rises to 0.08 dB / m, the risk score reaches 0.7, triggering an alarm. Compared to traditional solutions that rely solely on concentration thresholds, this embodiment triggers an alarm approximately 30 seconds earlier.

[0085] In some embodiments, a large air conditioner blows smoke from a distant fire horizontally into the alarm. Physical characteristics: A real fire exists, but the smoke is strongly disturbed by the air conditioner's airflow; the smoke entry direction is predominantly horizontal, with a relatively low directional ratio. Algorithm response: Although DIR_ratio < 0.6, S_main continues to rise and T_rise conforms to the fire pattern (exponential rise over 3-15 seconds), therefore, water vapor suppression deduction is not triggered. For example, with S_main = 0.15 dB / m, S_norm = 0.5, DIR_norm = 0.4, T_norm = 1.0, the risk score is: 0.4 × 0.5 + 0.35 × 0.4 + 0.25 × 1.0 = 0.2 + 0.14 + 0.25 = 0.59, reaching the warning state. When S_main continues to rise to 0.18 dB / m, the risk score exceeds 0.7, triggering the alarm. Result: The alarm time is 10-15 seconds later than in the vertical smoke entry scenario, but there are no missed alarms.

[0086] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for electronic data interchange, which causes a computer to perform some or all of the steps of any of the methods described in the above method embodiments, wherein the computer includes an electronic device.

[0087] This application also provides a computer program product, which includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program operable to cause a computer to perform some or all of the steps of any of the methods described in the above method embodiments. The computer program product may be a software installation package, and the computer may include an electronic device.

[0088] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the above embodiments are all described as a series of actions. Those skilled in the art should understand that this application is not limited to the described order of actions, as some steps in the embodiments of this application can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions, steps, modules, or units involved are not necessarily essential to the embodiments of this application.

[0089] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment in this application have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0090] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. This program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes described in the above method embodiments. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as ROM or random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0091] The steps of the methods or algorithms described in the embodiments of this application can be implemented in hardware or by a processor executing software instructions. The software instructions can consist of corresponding software modules, which can be stored in RAM, flash memory, ROM, EPROM, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), registers, hard disk, portable hard disk, read-only optical disk (CD-ROM), or any other form of storage medium well known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to a processor, enabling the processor to read information from and write information to the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium can also be a component of the processor. The processor and storage medium can reside in an ASIC. Furthermore, the ASIC can reside in a terminal device or management device. Alternatively, the processor and storage medium can exist as discrete components in the terminal device or management device.

[0092] Those skilled in the art will recognize that, in one or more of the examples above, the functions described in the embodiments of this application can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, it can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. This computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When these computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium accessible to a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available media can be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (e.g., digital video discs (DVDs)), or semiconductor media (e.g., solid-state disks (SSDs)).

[0093] The modules / units included in the various devices and products described in the above embodiments can be software modules / units, hardware modules / units, or a combination of both. For example, for devices and products applied to or integrated into a chip, all modules / units can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits, or at least some modules / units can be implemented using software programs that run on a processor integrated within the chip, while the remaining (if any) modules / units can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits. For devices and products applied to or integrated into a chip module, all modules / units can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits. Different modules / units can be located in the same component (e.g., chip, circuit module, etc.) or different components of the chip module, or at least some modules / units can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits. The implementation is achieved through a software program that runs on the processor integrated within the chip module. The remaining modules / units (if any) can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits. For various devices and products applied to or integrated into terminal equipment, each of their modules / units can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits. Different modules / units can be located in the same component (e.g., chip, circuit module, etc.) or different components within the terminal equipment. Alternatively, at least some modules / units can be implemented through a software program that runs on the processor integrated within the terminal equipment, while the remaining modules / units (if any) can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits.

[0094] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the embodiments of this application. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the embodiments of this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made on the basis of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application should be included within the protection scope of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A photoelectric smoke alarm method, characterized in that, An optical smoke alarm device is used, comprising a hemispherical top cover and a labyrinth base. The hemispherical top cover is fixedly mounted on the labyrinth base, forming an optical cavity together with the labyrinth base. The hemispherical top cover has circumferentially distributed side smoke inlet slits on its side walls; the top of the hemispherical top cover has a circumferentially distributed top smoke inlet channels, where a is an integer greater than 4; an auxiliary phototube is provided on the inner side of the top of the hemispherical top cover, which is used to receive the top-scattered infrared light generated by the smoke particles entering through the top smoke inlet channels. The maze base is equipped with a PCB board and a first light trap baffle. The PCB board integrates an infrared LED light source and a main phototube. The first light trap baffle is disposed between the infrared LED light source and the main phototube to block the direct light from the infrared LED light source. The infrared LED light source is used to emit infrared light into the optical cavity. The main phototube is arranged in a non-direct manner with the infrared LED light source to receive the lateral scattered infrared light generated by the smoke particles. The method includes: The main phototube and the auxiliary phototube are synchronously sampled according to a preset first frequency to obtain the main scattering signal and the auxiliary scattering signal. The direction ratio is determined based on the main scattering signal and the auxiliary scattering signal; Determine the rise time coefficient corresponding to the main scattered signal; The main scattering signal, the direction ratio, and the rise time coefficient are normalized respectively to obtain the first characteristic quantity, the second characteristic quantity, and the third characteristic quantity; The first feature, the second feature, and the third feature are weighted and fused according to a preset weighting system to obtain a risk score. Based on the comparison result between the risk score and the preset alarm threshold, the corresponding response operation is executed.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the rise time coefficient corresponding to the main scattering signal includes: A sliding window of preset length is used to buffer the sampling sequence corresponding to the main scattering signal; the length of the sampling sequence is the preset length. Obtain the maximum signal value in the sliding window and its corresponding target time; Determine a first signal threshold and a second signal threshold corresponding to the maximum value of the signal; the first signal threshold is less than the second signal threshold; In the sliding window, backtracking from the target time, the first time corresponding to the first signal value that meets the first preset condition is obtained; the first preset condition is the first signal value that is less than the first signal threshold. In the sliding window, backtracking from the target time, the second time corresponding to the second signal value that meets the second preset condition is obtained; the second preset condition is the first signal value that is less than the second signal threshold. The rise time coefficient is determined based on the difference between the second time point and the first time point.

3. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The preset alarm thresholds include a first alarm threshold and a second alarm threshold, where the first alarm threshold is less than the second alarm threshold. The step of performing a corresponding response operation based on the comparison result between the risk score and the preset alarm thresholds includes: When the risk score is less than the first alarm threshold, it is determined to be a safe state, and the synchronous sampling frequency is maintained at the preset first frequency; the synchronous sampling frequency is the sampling frequency for synchronously sampling the main phototube and the auxiliary phototube; When the risk score is greater than or equal to the first alarm threshold and less than the second alarm threshold, it is determined to be a warning state, the synchronous sampling frequency is adjusted to a preset second frequency and a warning signal is issued; the preset second frequency is higher than the preset first frequency. When the risk score is greater than or equal to the second alarm threshold, an alarm state is determined and an alarm signal is issued.

4. The method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, After adjusting the synchronous sampling frequency to a preset second frequency and issuing a warning signal, the method further includes: If the risk score drops below the first alarm threshold within a preset time period, the warning state is converted to the safe state. If the risk score is greater than or equal to the first alarm threshold and less than the second alarm threshold within the preset time period, the warning status is maintained. If the risk score rises and reaches the second alarm threshold within the preset time period, the warning state is converted into the alarm state.

5. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The top-entry flue in the device is a pipe-like channel that runs obliquely through the hemispherical top cover and is equipped with a labyrinthine insect-proof net. The labyrinthine insect-proof net is made of stainless steel and is installed at the outlet end of the top-entry flue to prevent insects, dust, and particulate matter from entering the optical cavity through the top-entry flue.

6. The method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The inner wall of the top-entry flue is coated with a matte black finish and is equipped with a second light trap baffle. The second light trap baffle is a plurality of axially extending labyrinthine light-blocking teeth arranged along the inner wall of the top-entry flue. It is used to absorb and attenuate external ambient light through multiple reflections, block the external ambient light from directly entering the optical cavity through the top-entry flue, and guide the smoke particles entering through the top-entry flue.

7. The method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The bottom of the maze base is provided with several conductive spring pins, which are electrically connected to the PCB board to enable the PCB board to conduct electricity with external circuits.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: Processor, memory, communication interface, and one or more programs; The one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor, the programs including instructions for performing the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, the computer program including program instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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