A high current energized fuse and a control method thereof
By working in concert with the Hall effect detection control module and the main and secondary circuit breaking modules, the problems of overheating and high breaking difficulty of high current-excited fuses are solved, achieving a fast breaking effect with low heat generation and low energy, and improving the protection capability of energy-sensitive devices.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HOLLYLAND (XIAMEN) TECH CORP LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-06-01
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-21
Smart Images
Figure CN122436418A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of low-voltage circuit protection components, specifically to a high-current excitation fuse and its control method. Background Technology
[0002] Currently, excitation fuses are mainly classified into three types according to their triggering method: active triggering, passive triggering, and integrated active-passive triggering. Both passive triggering and integrated active-passive triggering methods involve the excitation fuse autonomously detecting the current and providing an excitation signal to the ignition device. The primary autonomous current detection method for current excitation fuses is the arc-igniting fuse (I... 2 t value), when the loop current I 2 When the threshold value is reached, the arc-igniting fuse melts, generating an arc that triggers the ignition device. To better protect other components in the circuit during sudden abnormal current surges, the arc-igniting fuse typically has a high resistance, resulting in significant heat generation in high-current environments. To avoid this overheating issue, the common practice is to increase the cross-sectional area of the arc-igniting fuse; however, this increases the interrupting current of the excitation fuse, making breaking more difficult.
[0003] In addition, it is limited by the arc-igniting melt I 2 The characteristics of t, while ensuring that the excitation fuse generates less heat (i.e., increasing I) 2 When an abnormal current occurs in the circuit, the excitation fuse usually cannot respond quickly and requires the abnormal current to reach a certain value (I). 2 Only after the t-value is reached can the arc-starting melt be melted and the arc ignited. The breaking energy is relatively large, making it difficult to protect some sensitive devices under high current conditions.
[0004] Furthermore, for high-current excitation fuses, due to the large breaking energy, arc extinguishing after breaking is usually achieved using parallel arc-extinguishing fuse elements. After the main circuit copper busbar circuit is cut off, the current is commutated to the arc-extinguishing fuse element circuit (the commutation time of the excitation fuses is usually similar), and the arc is extinguished by materials such as quartz sand inside the arc-extinguishing fuse element after arc ignition. This arc extinguishing process usually takes a long time, which will indirectly lead to the entire breaking process I... 2 A higher t-value indicates poorer protection for energy-sensitive devices. Summary of the Invention
[0005] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a high-current excitation fuse and its control method, which generates little heat and has a low breaking energy (I) under high current conditions. 2 t) Small and easy to segment.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A high-current excitation fuse includes a housing, and a main circuit copper busbar, an arc-extinguishing fuse element, a first connector, a second connector, a main circuit tripping module, a secondary circuit tripping module, and a Hall effect detection and control module disposed within the housing. The main circuit copper busbar includes a power-in section, a tripping section, and a power-out section arranged sequentially. The power-in section is electrically connected to the power-out section through the tripping section. The main circuit tripping module is used to trip the tripping section. One end of the arc-extinguishing fuse element is electrically connected to the power-in section through the first connector, and the other end of the arc-extinguishing fuse element is electrically connected to the power-out section through the second connector. The secondary circuit tripping module is used to trip either the first connector or the second connector. The Hall effect detection and control module is disposed in the power-out section and is electrically connected to the main circuit tripping module and the secondary circuit tripping module. The Hall effect detection and control module is used to detect the magnetic field of the power-out section and convert it into voltage, and control the operation of the main circuit tripping module and the secondary circuit tripping module.
[0007] The Hall detection control module includes a Hall element and a control circuit board. The Hall element, the main circuit break module, and the secondary circuit break module are all electrically connected to the control circuit board.
[0008] It also includes a magnetic ring, which is sleeved outside the power output region and has a gap between the magnetic ring and the power output region; the magnetic ring has a break and the Hall element is placed in the break.
[0009] The main circuit copper busbar is provided with parallel bending grooves and disconnection grooves. The length direction of the bending grooves and disconnection grooves is the width direction of the main circuit copper busbar. The area of the main circuit copper busbar between the bending grooves and disconnection grooves is the breakage zone. The area of the main circuit copper busbar on the side of the bending groove away from the disconnection groove is the power input zone. The area of the main circuit copper busbar on the side of the disconnection groove away from the bending groove is the power output zone.
[0010] Both the first connector and the second connector are conductive connecting pieces.
[0011] Both the main circuit break-off module and the auxiliary circuit break-off module include an ignition controller, an ignition device, and a break-off head. The ignition device is electrically connected to the ignition controller. The housing is provided with a guide groove that slides with the break-off head and a clearance groove for avoiding the break-off head. The bottom of the guide groove and the end face of the break-off head cooperate to form an ignition space. The ignition device is located at the bottom of the guide groove.
[0012] The ignition controller corresponding to the main circuit break-off module and the ignition controller corresponding to the auxiliary circuit break-off module are integrated into one unit.
[0013] The control method for the above-mentioned high-current excitation fuse includes the following steps: S1. The current in the copper discharge area of the main circuit is detected in real time by the Hall detection control module and converted into a real-time voltage signal Vt. S2. The Hall effect detection control module compares the real-time voltage signal Vt with the preset first reference voltage V1 and second reference voltage V2. If 0 < real-time voltage signal Vt < first reference voltage V1, then return to step S1. If the real-time voltage signal Vt ≥ first reference voltage V1, and within the set timing period T1, if the state is always first reference voltage V1 ≤ real-time voltage signal Vt < second reference voltage V2, then execute step S3. If the real-time voltage signal Vt > first reference voltage V1, and within the set timing period T2, if the state is real-time voltage signal Vt ≥ second reference voltage V2, then execute step S4. S3. The Hall effect detection control module simultaneously sends a first trigger signal and a second trigger signal. The first trigger signal is sent to the main circuit break-off module, thereby breaking the main circuit copper busbar; the second trigger signal is sent to the auxiliary circuit break-off module, thereby breaking the first connector or the second connector. S4. The Hall effect detection control module sends a first trigger signal to the main circuit break module, thereby breaking the copper busbar of the main circuit. After the Hall effect detection control module sends the first trigger signal, the timer starts. After the timer reaches the set time, the Hall effect detection control module sends a second trigger signal to the secondary circuit break module, thereby breaking the first connector or the second connector.
[0014] When the main circuit copper busbar carries the rated current, the voltage value obtained by the Hall detection control module is Ve, then 2Ve≤V1<5Ve, V2≥10Ve.
[0015] With the above scheme, this invention can interrupt the main circuit copper busbar through the main circuit interruption module, allowing the main circuit current to be diverted to the arc-extinguishing fuse for arc extinguishing. After the arc-extinguishing fuse ignites, and when the circuit current drops to a certain value, the first or second connecting piece can be interrupted by the secondary circuit interruption module, which can accelerate the decrease of the circuit current and achieve the effect of accelerating arc extinguishing. The Hall effect detection control module detects the magnetic field of the electric area and converts it into voltage, thereby achieving real-time detection of the main circuit copper busbar current. The response delay is short, which can promptly trigger the action of the main circuit interruption module and the secondary circuit interruption module, thereby greatly reducing the circuit I during disconnection. 2 The t-value reduces the arc-extinguishing pressure. Simultaneously, a shorter reaction delay will result in a smaller circuit current when the main circuit breaks, allowing the I-value to enter the arc-extinguishing melt after a similar commutation time. 2 A smaller t value (to ensure that all current energy is consumed through the arc-extinguishing melt, arc ignition must occur after commutation is complete) indirectly reduces the I value of the arc-extinguishing melt. 2 The t-value also reduces the difficulty of disconnection. In addition, because there is no electrical connection between the Hall detection control module and the main circuit copper busbar, there is no need to add resistance to the main circuit copper busbar, which can greatly reduce the temperature rise of the product under high current conditions and also help to reduce the product size. Attached Figure Description
[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is one of the schematic diagrams of the present invention with the housing concealed. Figure 3 This is a second schematic diagram of the present invention with the casing concealed. Figure 4 This is the third schematic diagram of the present invention with the housing concealed. Figure 5 This is one of the cross-sectional views of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a second cross-sectional view of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the main circuit copper busbar of the present invention.
[0017] Explanation of key figure labels: 1. Housing; 2. Main circuit copper busbar; 3. Arc extinguishing fuse; 4. First connector; 5. Second connector; 6. Main circuit break-off module; 7. Secondary circuit break-off module; 8. Hall effect detection and control module; 9. Power input area; 10. Break-off area; 11. Power output area; 12. Bending groove; 13. Disconnection groove; 14. Ignition controller; 15. Break-off head; 16. Ignition device; 17. Hall element; 18. Magnetizing ring; 19. Control circuit board; 20. Break; 21. Guide groove; 22. Clearance groove; 23. Ignition space. Detailed Implementation
[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0019] like Figure 1-7 As shown, the present invention discloses a high-current excitation fuse, which includes a housing 1, and a main circuit copper busbar 2, an arc-extinguishing fuse 3, a first connector 4, a second connector 5, a main circuit tripping module 6, a secondary circuit tripping module 7, and a Hall detection control module 8 disposed in the housing 1.
[0020] The main circuit copper busbar 2 includes a power input area 9, a break area 10, and a power output area 11 arranged sequentially. The power input area 9 is electrically connected to the power output area 11 through the break area 10. Specifically, the main circuit copper busbar 2 has parallel bending grooves 12 and breaking grooves 13. The length direction of the bending grooves 12 and breaking grooves 13 is the width direction of the main circuit copper busbar 2. The area of the main circuit copper busbar 2 between the bending grooves 12 and breaking grooves 13 is the break area 10. The area of the main circuit copper busbar 2 on the side of the bending grooves 12 away from the breaking grooves 13 is the power input area 9. The area of the main circuit copper busbar 2 on the side of the breaking grooves 13 away from the bending grooves 12 is the power output area 11. Both the power input area 9 and the power output area 11 extend outside the housing 1 for easy connection.
[0021] The arc-extinguishing melt 3 primarily performs the function of current arc extinguishing. It typically consists of a shell, a molten metal, and a cooling medium. When current flows through the molten metal, the narrow necks spaced a certain distance apart inside the molten metal melt first due to their higher resistance, resulting in an electric arc discharge. The heat generated by the discharge is cooled by the cooling medium, ultimately achieving disconnection. One end of the arc-extinguishing melt 3 is electrically connected to the power inlet area 9 via a first connector 4, and the other end of the arc-extinguishing melt 3 is electrically connected to the power outlet area 11 via a second connector 5. Preferably, both the first connector 4 and the second connector 5 are conductive connecting pieces, which is beneficial for reducing product size and facilitating arrangement, and also makes it easier for the secondary circuit interruption module 7 to interrupt the circuit.
[0022] The main circuit breaking module 6 is used to break the breaking zone 10, specifically by breaking it at the disconnection groove 13, allowing the breaking zone 10 to bend along the bending groove 12 to ensure the breaking effect. The secondary circuit breaking module 7 is used to break the first connector 4 or the second connector 5, preferably for breaking the first connector 4. Both the main circuit breaking module 6 and the secondary circuit breaking module 7 include an ignition controller 14, an ignition device 16, and a breaking head 15. The ignition device 16 is electrically connected to the ignition controller 14, and the ignition controller 14 is used to trigger the ignition device 16 to operate. To simplify the structure, it is preferable that the ignition controller 14 corresponding to the main circuit breaking module 6 and the ignition controller 14 corresponding to the secondary circuit breaking module 7 be integrated into one unit.
[0023] The housing 1 has a guide groove 21 that slides with the punch head 15 and a clearance groove 22 for avoiding the punch head 15. The bottom of the guide groove 21 and the end face of the punch head 15 form an ignition space 23. The bottom of the guide groove 21 can be set to a narrow opening to ensure the formation of the ignition space 23. The igniter 16 is set at the bottom of the guide groove 21. The ignition space 23 is relatively sealed and filled with a combustion medium. Therefore, after the igniter 16 is ignited, a deflagration occurs, which pushes the punch head 15 to break the main circuit copper busbar 2 and the first connector 4.
[0024] The Hall effect detection and control module 8 is located in the output area 11. It is used to detect the magnetic field in the output area 11 and convert it into voltage, and control the operation of the main circuit interruption module 6 and the secondary circuit interruption module 7. Specifically, the Hall effect detection and control module 8 includes a Hall element 17, a magnetic ring 18 (for amplifying the current magnetic field), and a control circuit board 19 (Hall signal processing and trigger control). The Hall element 17, the ignition controller 14 corresponding to the main circuit interruption module 6, and the ignition controller 14 corresponding to the secondary circuit interruption module 7 are all electrically connected to the control circuit board 19.
[0025] A magnetic ring 18 is fitted around the outside of the output region 11, with a gap between the magnetic ring 18 and the output region 11. The magnetic ring 18 has a break 20, within which a Hall element 17 is placed. Utilizing the Hall effect, the Hall element 17 detects the current flowing through the output region 11 in real time and outputs a voltage signal based on different currents. The detection principle is that a current in a long conductor generates a magnetic field of corresponding strength around it, and the Hall element 17 can convert the magnetic field into a voltage signal, thereby achieving the purpose of current detection. The Hall detection control module 8 described above has no electrical connection with the main circuit copper busbar 2, eliminating the need for added resistance in the main circuit copper busbar 2 and significantly reducing product temperature rise under high current conditions.
[0026] Furthermore, since the Hall effect detection method tracks and detects current in real time, it has a short response delay, requiring only a few microseconds to achieve magnetic field-voltage conversion and logic judgment, providing trigger current for the ignition device 16. This significantly reduces the I²t value of the circuit during disconnection, thus reducing the arc-extinguishing pressure. Simultaneously, the short response delay also results in a smaller circuit current during main circuit interruption, leading to a smaller I²t value after entering the arc-extinguishing melt 3 after a similar commutation time (to ensure all current energy is consumed through the arc-extinguishing melt 3, arc ignition in the melt 3 must occur after commutation). This indirectly reduces the I²t value of the arc-extinguishing melt 3.
[0027] The basic workflow of this invention is as follows: The Hall effect detection control module 8 monitors the current in real time. When an abnormal current occurs and reaches a set value, the main circuit interruption module 6 interrupts the main circuit copper busbar 2. This causes the main circuit to switch to the arc-extinguishing fuse 3 for arc extinguishing. After the arc-extinguishing fuse 3 ignites, when the circuit current drops to a certain value (i.e., after the arc discharge of the arc-extinguishing fuse 3 consumes a certain amount of energy), the secondary circuit interruption module 7 interrupts the first connector 4, allowing the remaining arc energy to be rapidly released through this interruption point, thereby accelerating the decrease in circuit current and achieving the effect of accelerating arc extinguishing.
[0028] Since the secondary circuit interruption module 7 needs to be triggered after the arc-extinguishing melt 3 has been in arc discharge for a certain period of time, in order to achieve precise control of the process, it can be achieved through the Hall detection control module 8, that is, by designing a certain trigger delay.
[0029] The above design is for high-current excitation fuses under high-breaking capacity conditions (i.e., when the circuit experiences an abnormal current of tens of times the rated current). The reason is that the arc-extinguishing fuse 3 has the same arc-starting principle as the arc-initiating fuse. It can only start an arc after the current I2t value reaches the fuse limit. In order to ensure the high breaking capacity of the product, its I2t value is usually large. In the low-multiplication test, after the main circuit copper busbar 2 breaks, the arc-extinguishing fuse 3 needs more time to start an arc. The long-term high-current environment is also dangerous for the downstream protection components of the excitation fuse.
[0030] To this end, the Hall effect detection control module 8 can be set with two reference voltages, low and high. By comparing the Hall effect detection feedback voltage with the reference voltage, a trigger signal is output. Based on the low current condition, a certain delay can be set for the low-multiplied trigger signal (ensuring that the high-multiplied reference judgment occurs after the delay time; otherwise, the high-multiplied reference judgment may be triggered, switching to another detection standard). When the low-multiplied reference judgment is triggered, the trigger signal will simultaneously control the main circuit interruption module 6 and the auxiliary circuit interruption module 7. Since the energy is low at this time, arc extinguishing can be directly performed at the disconnection point using methods such as metal balls. When the high-multiplied reference judgment is triggered, the trigger signal will first control the main circuit interruption module 6 and then, after a certain delay, control the auxiliary circuit interruption module 7.
[0031] In summary, the control method for the high-current excitation fuse of the present invention includes the following steps: S1. The Hall effect detection control module 8 detects the current in the output area 11 on the main circuit copper busbar 2 in real time and converts it into a real-time voltage signal Vt.
[0032] S2. The Hall effect detection control module 8 compares the real-time voltage signal Vt with the preset first reference voltage V1 and second reference voltage V2. If 0 < real-time voltage signal Vt < first reference voltage V1, then return to step S1. When the real-time voltage signal Vt ≥ first reference voltage V1, and within the set timing period T1, if the state is always first reference voltage V1 ≤ real-time voltage signal Vt < second reference voltage V2, then execute step S3. When the real-time voltage signal Vt > first reference voltage V1, and within the set timing period T2, if the state is real-time voltage signal Vt ≥ second reference voltage V2, then execute step S4. Define the voltage value converted by the Hall effect detection control module 8 as Ve when the main circuit copper busbar 2 carries the rated current, then 2Ve ≤ V1 < 5Ve, V2 ≥ 10Ve.
[0033] S3. The Hall effect detection control module 8 simultaneously sends a first trigger signal and a second trigger signal. The first trigger signal is sent to the main circuit interruption module 6, which interrupts the main circuit copper busbar 2. The second trigger signal is sent to the secondary circuit interruption module 7, which interrupts either the first connector 4 or the second connector 5.
[0034] S4. The Hall effect detection control module 8 sends a first trigger signal to the main circuit break module 6, which then breaks the main circuit copper busbar 2. Timing begins after the Hall effect detection control module 8 sends the first trigger signal. After the set time is reached, the Hall effect detection control module 8 sends a second trigger signal to the secondary circuit break module 7, which then breaks either the first connector 4 or the second connector 5.
[0035] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation on the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, any minor modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims
1. A high-current excitation fuse, characterized in that: The system includes a housing, and within the housing, a main circuit copper busbar, an arc-extinguishing fuse, a first connector, a second connector, a main circuit break-off module, a secondary circuit break-off module, and a Hall effect detection and control module. The main circuit copper busbar includes a power-in zone, a break-off zone, and a power-out zone arranged sequentially. The power-in zone is electrically connected to the power-out zone through the break-off zone. The main circuit break-off module is used to break the break-off zone. One end of the arc-extinguishing fuse is electrically connected to the power-in zone through the first connector, and the other end of the arc-extinguishing fuse is electrically connected to the power-out zone through the second connector. The secondary circuit break-off module is used to break either the first connector or the second connector. The Hall effect detection and control module is located in the power-out zone and is electrically connected to the main circuit break-off module and the secondary circuit break-off module. The Hall effect detection and control module is used to detect the magnetic field of the power-out zone, convert it into voltage, and control the operation of the main circuit break-off module and the secondary circuit break-off module.
2. The high-current excitation fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Hall detection control module includes a Hall element and a control circuit board. The Hall element, the main circuit break module, and the secondary circuit break module are all electrically connected to the control circuit board.
3. A high-current excitation fuse according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a magnetic ring, which is sleeved outside the power output region and has a gap between the magnetic ring and the power output region; the magnetic ring has a break and the Hall element is placed in the break.
4. A high-current excitation fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main circuit copper busbar is provided with parallel bending grooves and disconnection grooves. The length direction of the bending grooves and disconnection grooves is the width direction of the main circuit copper busbar. The area of the main circuit copper busbar between the bending grooves and disconnection grooves is the breakage zone. The area of the main circuit copper busbar on the side of the bending groove away from the disconnection groove is the power input zone. The area of the main circuit copper busbar on the side of the disconnection groove away from the bending groove is the power output zone.
5. A high-current excitation fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the first connector and the second connector are conductive connecting pieces.
6. A high-current excitation fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the main circuit break-off module and the auxiliary circuit break-off module include an ignition controller, an ignition device, and a break-off head. The ignition device is electrically connected to the ignition controller. The housing is provided with a guide groove that slides with the break-off head and a clearance groove for avoiding the break-off head. The bottom of the guide groove and the end face of the break-off head cooperate to form an ignition space. The ignition device is located at the bottom of the guide groove.
7. A high-current excitation fuse according to claim 6, characterized in that: The ignition controller corresponding to the main circuit break-off module and the ignition controller corresponding to the auxiliary circuit break-off module are integrated into one unit.
8. The control method for a high-current excitation fuse according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The current in the copper discharge area of the main circuit is detected in real time by the Hall detection control module and converted into a real-time voltage signal Vt. S2. The Hall detection control module compares the real-time voltage signal Vt with the preset first reference voltage V1 and second reference voltage V2. If 0 < real-time voltage signal Vt < first reference voltage V1, then return to step S1. When the real-time voltage signal Vt ≥ the first reference voltage V1, and within the set timing period T1, if the first reference voltage V1 ≤ the real-time voltage signal Vt < the second reference voltage V2, then step S3 is executed. When the real-time voltage signal Vt > the first reference voltage V1, and within the set timing period T2, if the real-time voltage signal Vt ≥ the second reference voltage V2, then step S4 is executed. S3. The Hall effect detection control module simultaneously sends a first trigger signal and a second trigger signal. The first trigger signal is sent to the main circuit break-off module, thereby breaking the main circuit copper busbar; the second trigger signal is sent to the auxiliary circuit break-off module, thereby breaking the first connector or the second connector. S4. The Hall effect detection control module sends a first trigger signal to the main circuit break module, thereby breaking the copper busbar of the main circuit. After the Hall effect detection control module sends the first trigger signal, the timer starts. After the timer reaches the set time, the Hall effect detection control module sends a second trigger signal to the secondary circuit break module, thereby breaking the first connector or the second connector.
9. The control method according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the main circuit copper busbar carries the rated current, the voltage value obtained by the Hall detection control module is Ve, then 2Ve≤V1<5Ve, V2≥10Ve.