Filtering antennas, arrays and devices based on volumetric metasurfaces

Abstract

The application discloses a filter antenna based on a three-dimensional super surface and belongs to the technical field of antennas. The antenna comprises, from top to bottom, a three-dimensional filter super surface, a radiator, a metal floor, a horizontal dielectric plate and an insulating material support; each unit side wall of the three-dimensional filter super surface is printed with two groups of filter units composed of a first metal microstrip, a second metal microstrip structure and an interdigital coupling structure for reducing a profile; the radiator is a magnetoelectric dipole and comprises a pair of Γ-shaped radiators; the metal floor is etched with a feeding groove; the upper surface of the horizontal dielectric plate is covered with a copper layer, and the lower surface is printed with a fork-shaped feeding line with a half-wavelength open circuit extension line and a quarter-wavelength short circuit groove. The three-dimensional filter super surface and the copper layer of the horizontal dielectric plate and the metal floor are electrically connected through the interdigital coupling structure, so that the simple structure and high universality of the antenna are effectively realized, and the antenna has good out-of-band suppression and low in-band influence.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to fields such as wireless communication and radar detection, and in particular to a filter antenna, array and device based on a three-dimensional metasurface. Background Technology

[0002] Metasurface antennas are widely used in the design of filtering antennas because they can control electromagnetic waves and optimize antenna performance such as directivity, gain, and bandwidth. Although research on planar metasurface filtering antennas has achieved some results, certain design limitations exist. Unlike planar metasurface antennas, three-dimensional metasurfaces have an additional vertical design dimension, greatly expanding design freedom and thus improving antenna performance.

[0003] However, the following key issues need to be considered during the design of filter antennas based on three-dimensional metasurfaces: 1) How to reduce the profile height of the three-dimensional metasurface? The three-dimensional structure requires the design of electromagnetic structures in the vertical direction, inevitably necessitating a larger profile height. 2) How to maintain excellent filter antenna performance? Ideally, the filter antenna with the metasurface should possess excellent frequency selectivity, maintaining good radiation efficiency in the passband and achieving efficient suppression in the stopband; simultaneously, it must be ensured that the metasurface structure does not affect the antenna's radiation pattern characteristics and polarization purity.

[0004] Currently, several research reports have been published on metasurface filtering antennas. Literature has proposed schemes such as aramid paper honeycomb frequency-selective metasurfaces, conformational space annealing algorithm metasurface filters, stacked parallel stripline array bandstop frequency-selective metasurfaces, and multi-band high-order bandstop three-dimensional frequency-selective metasurfaces. While these can effectively realize filtering antennas using metasurfaces, further improvements are needed in terms of profile height and out-of-band suppression. Therefore, researching a three-dimensional metasurface filtering antenna that can simultaneously achieve a simple structure, low profile height, and good in-band performance and out-of-band suppression is of great significance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to at least partially solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of this application is to propose a filter antenna, array and device based on a three-dimensional metasurface, so as to solve the technical problems of existing three-dimensional metasurface antennas such as high profile height, complex structure and insufficient out-of-band suppression performance.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, one aspect of this application proposes a filtering antenna based on a three-dimensional metasurface, comprising: Radiator; A metal floor is located below the radiator; A three-dimensional filtering metasurface, located above the radiator, includes multiple vertically arranged dielectric substrates, with a filtering structure printed on at least one surface of each vertical dielectric substrate; the filtering structure includes a first metal microstrip and a second metal microstrip spaced apart along the vertical direction, the first metal microstrip and the second metal microstrip being coupled to each other at adjacent ends through an interdigital coupling structure; A horizontal dielectric board is located below the metal floor. Its lower surface is provided with a feeder line with filtering function, and its upper surface is provided with a copper cladding layer. The copper cladding layer is electrically connected to the metal floor.

[0007] In some embodiments, the first metal microstrip is used to generate a low-frequency band-stop effect, and the second metal microstrip is used to generate a high-frequency band-stop effect.

[0008] In some embodiments, the first metal microstrip and / or the second metal microstrip is a bent structure to achieve miniaturization; By utilizing the interdigitated coupling structure of the first and second metal microstrips to introduce a capacitance effect, the vertical electrical length of the metal microstrip line is shortened, thereby reducing the profile height.

[0009] In some embodiments, the radiator is a magnetoelectric dipole, a microstrip patch, a slot antenna, or a dipole antenna.

[0010] In some embodiments, the feeder cable with filtering function includes: Forked feeder trunk line; A half-wavelength open-circuit extension line is connected to the end of the forked feed line to generate a high-frequency band-stop effect. A quarter-wavelength short-circuit slot is etched onto the forked feeder trunk to generate a low-frequency band-stop effect.

[0011] In some embodiments, the metal floor is etched with feed slots for energy coupling.

[0012] In some embodiments, a plurality of insulating material supports are also included for supporting and fixing the three-dimensional filtering metasurface above the radiator.

[0013] In some embodiments, the insulating material support is an L-shaped structure, and there are four of them, which are respectively set at the four corners of the three-dimensional filter metasurface.

[0014] To achieve the above objectives, another aspect of the embodiments of this application proposes a filter antenna array based on a three-dimensional metasurface, including at least two filter antennas based on a three-dimensional metasurface as described above, wherein each antenna element is arranged linearly, staggered, or in a two-dimensional array.

[0015] To achieve the above objectives, another aspect of the embodiments of this application proposes a communication device, including a filter antenna based on a stereoscopic metasurface as described above, or a filter antenna array based on a stereoscopic metasurface as described above.

[0016] The embodiments of this application include at least the following beneficial effects: 1) Excellent out-of-band suppression performance: By combining a three-dimensional filtering metasurface with a filtering structure on the feed line, the antenna element achieves an out-of-band suppression level exceeding 20 dB in the 2.3-3.1 GHz frequency band, with a maximum suppression exceeding 34 dB at 3 GHz. The out-of-band suppression level exceeds 30 dB near the 4.7 GHz frequency point.

[0017] 2) Low-profile 3D filtering metasurface design: By employing an interdigital coupling structure and folded metal strips in the 3D filtering metasurface, the longitudinal volume of the 3D metasurface is significantly reduced, occupying only about 0.087 sq m in the Z-axis direction. Size ( (Center frequency wavelength) 3) Stable performance within the band: The loading of the three-dimensional filter metasurface has little impact on the antenna's gain and radiation pattern within the passband. The gain fluctuation is less than 1.9 dB and the cross-polarization is less than -29 dB within the operating frequency band. The radiation pattern remains stable throughout the entire operating frequency band.

[0018] 4) The three-dimensional metasurface-based filtering antenna proposed in this application has a simple structure and is easy to design. It is electrically connected to the metal ground plane via a copper-clad layer on a horizontal dielectric substrate, effectively reducing volume and saving processing costs. The three-dimensional filtering metasurface is independently supported by a bracket, allowing for flexible adaptation to various types of radiators, significantly improving the versatility and modularity of the design. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the following description is provided with accompanying drawings of the relevant technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art. It should be understood that the accompanying drawings described below are only for the purpose of clearly illustrating some embodiments of the technical solutions of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional full view of the filter antenna based on a three-dimensional metasurface according to Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a side view of the filter antenna based on a stereoscopic metasurface according to Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0022] Figure 3This is a top view of the filter antenna based on a three-dimensional metasurface according to Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the metasurface unit of the filter antenna based on a three-dimensional metasurface according to Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetoelectric dipole of the filter antenna based on a three-dimensional metasurface according to Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a top view of the horizontal dielectric substrate of the three-dimensional metasurface-based filter antenna of Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a bottom view of the horizontal dielectric substrate of the three-dimensional metasurface-based filter antenna of Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0027] Figure 8 This is a graph showing the reflection coefficient and gain of the filter antenna based on a three-dimensional metasurface according to Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0028] Figure 9 This is a gain comparison diagram of the filter antenna based on a three-dimensional metasurface in Embodiment 1 of this application with and without a loaded metasurface.

[0029] Figure 10 The two-dimensional radiation patterns of the three-dimensional metasurface-based filter antenna in Embodiment 1 of this application at 3.5, 3.7, and 3.9 GHz.

[0030] Figure 11 This is a three-dimensional full view of the stereoscopic metasurface filter patch antenna unit of Embodiment 2 of this application.

[0031] Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional full view of the three-dimensional metasurface filter slot antenna unit of Embodiment 3 of this application.

[0032] Figure 13 This is a three-dimensional full view of the stereoscopic metasurface filtered dipole antenna unit of Embodiment 4 of this application.

[0033] Figure 14 This is a layered schematic diagram of the stereoscopic metasurface filter antenna array of Embodiment 5 of this application.

[0034] Figure label: 1-Three-dimensional filtering metasurface; 11-First metal microstrip; 12-Second metal microstrip; 13-Interdigital coupling structure; 2-Radiator and metal floor; 21-Γ-shaped radiator; 22-Metal floor feeder trough; 3-Horizontal dielectric substrate; 31-Copper-clad layer feed tank; 32-Half-wavelength open-circuit extension line; 33-Quarter-wavelength short-circuit tank; 4- Insulating material bracket. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The step numbers in the following embodiments are set only for ease of explanation, and there is no limitation on the order between the steps. The execution order of each step in the embodiments can be adaptively adjusted according to the understanding of those skilled in the art.

[0036] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0037] In the description of this invention, "several" means one or more, "more than" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. The use of "first" and "second" in the description is merely for distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0038] Furthermore, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0039] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "set up," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0040] Example 1: Please refer to the following: Figures 1-7This application provides a filtering antenna based on a three-dimensional metasurface. The antenna mainly includes four core parts: a three-dimensional filtering metasurface 1, a radiator and a metal ground plane 2, a horizontal dielectric substrate 3, and an insulating support 4.

[0041] like Figure 1 The figure shows a perspective view of a filter antenna based on a three-dimensional metasurface provided in an embodiment of this application. As can be seen from the figure, the three-dimensional filter metasurface 1 is located at the top of the entire antenna, supported and fixed above the radiator 2 by four L-shaped insulating material supports 4. The horizontal dielectric substrate 3 is located below the metal ground plane and serves as the feed layer for the entire antenna.

[0042] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 The figures shown are a side view and a top view of the filter antenna provided in this embodiment. The side view clearly shows the vertical stacking of the antenna: from top to bottom, it consists of a three-dimensional filter metasurface 1, a radiator and metal ground plane 2, and a horizontal dielectric substrate 3. This compact stacked structure helps reduce the overall size of the antenna.

[0043] like Figure 4 The diagram shown is a partial structural schematic of the three-dimensional filtering metasurface 1 provided in this embodiment. In this embodiment, the three-dimensional filtering metasurface 1 is composed of 2×2 units arranged periodically, and each unit is composed of vertically intersecting dielectric substrates. The vertical dielectric substrates are made of Rogers RO4003C material with a thickness of 0.813 mm, a dielectric constant of 3.55, and a loss tangent of 0.0027.

[0044] Two sets of filter structures are printed on both surfaces of each vertical dielectric substrate. Each set of filter structures includes a first metal microstrip 11 and a second metal microstrip 12 spaced apart along the vertical direction. The upper first metal microstrip 11 is designed to generate a low-frequency band-stop effect, and the lower second metal microstrip 12 is designed to generate a high-frequency band-stop effect. The first metal microstrip 11 and the second metal microstrip 12 are coupled to each other at adjacent ends by an interdigital coupling structure 13. This interdigital coupling structure can generate a capacitive loading effect in the vertical direction, thereby effectively shortening the electrical length of the metal microstrip. In other words, under the premise of achieving the same resonant frequency, the interdigital coupling structure can significantly reduce the physical length required by the metal microstrip, thereby reducing the overall profile height of the three-dimensional metasurface.

[0045] Furthermore, to achieve even greater miniaturization, both the first metal microstrip 11 and the second metal microstrip 12 employ a bent structure design. The bent structure can increase the actual length of the microstrip within a limited space, thereby achieving a lower resonant frequency without increasing the physical size.

[0046] like Figure 5 The diagram shows a schematic representation of the radiator and metal floor 2 provided in this embodiment. In this embodiment, the radiator adopts a magnetoelectric dipole structure. A pair of Γ-shaped radiators 21 are placed symmetrically along the X-axis on the metal floor. A feed groove 22 is etched on the metal floor between the Γ-shaped radiators 21. This feed groove 22 is used to couple energy from the feed wire below through the metal floor, thereby exciting the Γ-shaped radiator 21 above. The magnetoelectric dipole structure combines the advantages of electric dipoles and magnetic dipoles, achieving wide bandwidth, low cross-polarization, and stable radiation pattern characteristics. In this embodiment, the entire magnetoelectric dipole is integrally formed using 3D metal printing technology, exhibiting good structural precision and reliability.

[0047] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 The figures shown are schematic diagrams of the upper and lower surfaces of the horizontal dielectric plate 3 provided in this embodiment. The horizontal dielectric plate 3 also uses Rogers RO4003C material with a thickness of 0.813 mm. Figure 6 As shown, the upper surface of the horizontal dielectric substrate 3 is provided with a copper-clad layer, and a feed groove 31 is etched in the center of the copper-clad layer along the X-axis direction. The copper-clad layer is electrically connected to the metal ground above to achieve common ground.

[0048] like Figure 7 As shown, the lower surface of the horizontal dielectric substrate 3 is printed with a feed line with filtering function. This feed line specifically includes: a forked feed line trunk, a half-wavelength open-circuit extension line 32, and a quarter-wavelength short-circuit slot 33. The half-wavelength open-circuit extension line 32 is connected to the end of the forked feed line to generate a high-frequency band-stop effect; the quarter-wavelength short-circuit slot 33 is etched on the forked feed line trunk to generate a low-frequency band-stop effect. By integrating a band-stop filter structure into the feed line itself, the filtering function of the feed network is realized, forming a synergistic filtering effect with the three-dimensional filtering metasurface 1 above, significantly enhancing the overall out-of-band rejection capability of the antenna.

[0049] Figures 8 to 10 The simulation performance results of the filter antenna provided in this embodiment are shown to verify its technical effectiveness.

[0050] like Figure 8The figure shows the reflection coefficient (S11) and gain curve of the filter antenna provided in this embodiment. As can be seen from the figure, the antenna element operates at a frequency of 3.3-4.0 GHz (S11 < -10 dB bandwidth), with a relative bandwidth of approximately 19.2%. Within the operating frequency band, the maximum gain is 8.9 dBi, and the gain fluctuation is less than 1.9 dB, indicating that the antenna has stable radiation performance within the passband. Regarding out-of-band suppression, the out-of-band suppression level exceeds 20 dB in the low-frequency stopband of 2.3-3.1 GHz, and exceeds 34 dB at 3 GHz; near the high-frequency stopband of 4.7 GHz, the out-of-band suppression level exceeds 30 dB. This result demonstrates that the antenna of this application has good frequency selectivity and can effectively suppress out-of-band interference.

[0051] like Figure 9 The figure shows a gain comparison curve with and without the three-dimensional filtering metasurface provided in this embodiment. The solid line in the figure represents the gain curve after the metasurface is loaded, and the dashed line represents the gain curve without the metasurface (only magnetoelectric dipole + feed line filtering). Comparing the two curves, it can be seen that after loading the three-dimensional filtering metasurface, the gain drops by more than 10 dB at the two stopband center frequencies of 3 GHz and 4.7 GHz, indicating that the metasurface significantly enhances the suppression capability of out-of-band signals. At the same time, within the operating frequency band (3.3-4.0 GHz), the two gain curves basically overlap, indicating that the loaded metasurface has minimal impact on the in-band radiation performance, achieving the ideal filtering characteristics of "low insertion loss in the passband and high suppression in the stopband".

[0052] like Figure 10 The figure shows the two-dimensional radiation patterns of the filtered antenna provided in this embodiment at three frequency points: 3.5 GHz, 3.7 GHz, and 3.9 GHz. The figure illustrates the main polarization and cross-polarization patterns of the XOZ (E-plane) and YOZ (H-plane). As can be seen from the figure, the main polarization pattern maintains good consistency at the selected frequency points, and the beam shape is stable. The cross-polarization level is below -29 dB at all frequency points, indicating that the antenna has good polarization purity. This result verifies that the loading of the three-dimensional filtering metasurface does not adversely affect the radiation pattern characteristics of the antenna.

[0053] In summary, compared with the prior art, the filtering antenna based on a three-dimensional metasurface in this embodiment has the following advantages: 1) The out-of-band rejection level exceeds 20 dB in the 2.3-3.1 GHz frequency band, and the maximum rejection exceeds 34 dB at 3 GHz. The out-of-band rejection level exceeds 30 dB near the 4.7 GHz frequency point, showing good out-of-band rejection, while the loaded metasurface has little impact on the in-band.

[0054] 2) The antenna unit has a simple structure and few components. It achieves filtering by directly loading a metasurface above the feed antenna, which brings great versatility and can be applied to a variety of feed antennas.

[0055] 3) Using 3D printing technology, it is easy to process, highly reliable, and the antenna unit is small in size, with good overall performance.

[0056] Example 2: This application provides a filter patch antenna unit based on a three-dimensional metasurface, such as... Figure 11 As shown. This embodiment aims to demonstrate the versatility of the three-dimensional filtering metasurface, that is, its applicability to different types of radiators.

[0057] In this embodiment, the same three-dimensional filtering metasurface 1 and horizontal dielectric substrate 3 structure as in Embodiment 1 are used, but the radiator is replaced with a microstrip patch antenna. Specifically, a rectangular microstrip patch is placed above the metal floor as the radiator, and this patch is fed through a coaxial line passing through the horizontal dielectric substrate 3 and the metal floor. The three-dimensional filtering metasurface 1 is also supported above the patch antenna by an insulating support 4. The remaining settings (such as the filter feed line structure on the horizontal dielectric substrate, copper layer grounding, etc.) are the same as in Embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here. Simulation results show that this embodiment can also achieve good filtering performance, verifying the versatility of the three-dimensional filtering metasurface.

[0058] Example 3: This application provides a filtered slot antenna element based on a three-dimensional metasurface, such as... Figure 12 As shown.

[0059] In this embodiment, the radiator employs a slot antenna structure. Specifically, a radiating slot approximately half a wavelength in length is created on a metal floor, allowing electromagnetic waves to radiate outwards through this slot. The feeding method is microstrip line feeding, with energy transferred to the radiating slot via a feed line (with filtering function) on the lower layer of the horizontal dielectric substrate 3 through slot coupling. The three-dimensional filtering metasurface 1 is also supported above the slot antenna by an insulating support 4. The remaining configuration is the same as in Embodiment 1. This embodiment further demonstrates the good adaptability of the technical solution of this application to different radiator structures.

[0060] Example 4: This application provides a filtered dipole antenna element based on a three-dimensional metasurface, such as... Figure 13 As shown.

[0061] In this embodiment, the radiator adopts a dipole antenna structure. Specifically, the two arms of the dipole are printed on the upper and lower surfaces of the horizontal dielectric substrate 3, respectively, forming a printed dipole. The feeding method is balanced-unbalanced feeding through a coaxial line passing through the bottom of the horizontal dielectric substrate 3. The three-dimensional filter metasurface 1 is supported above the dipole by an insulating material bracket 4. The remaining settings are the same as in Embodiment 1. This embodiment demonstrates the application of the technical solution of this application in a printed dipole antenna.

[0062] Example 5: This application provides a filtered antenna array based on a three-dimensional metasurface, such as... Figure 14 As shown.

[0063] In this embodiment, multiple filtering antenna elements based on a three-dimensional metasurface, as described in Embodiment 1, are uniformly arranged in the horizontal direction (e.g., the X direction) to form a one-dimensional linear array. By rationally designing the element spacing and controlling the feed amplitude and phase of each antenna element, beam scanning functionality can be achieved. Depending on the actual application requirements, the array can also adopt a two-dimensional planar array arrangement or an interleaved arrangement. This embodiment demonstrates the scalability of the technical solution of this application from a single antenna to an array system, and can be applied to radar and communication systems requiring beamforming and scanning.

[0064] In the foregoing description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "another embodiment," or "some embodiments" indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0065] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

[0066] The above is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention. All such equivalent modifications or substitutions are included within the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A filtering antenna based on a three-dimensional metasurface, characterized in that, include: Radiator; A metal floor is located below the radiator; A three-dimensional filtering metasurface, located above the radiator, includes multiple vertically arranged dielectric substrates, with a filtering structure printed on at least one surface of each vertical dielectric substrate; the filtering structure includes a first metal microstrip and a second metal microstrip spaced apart along the vertical direction, the first metal microstrip and the second metal microstrip being coupled to each other at adjacent ends through an interdigital coupling structure; A horizontal dielectric board is located below the metal floor. Its lower surface is provided with a feeder line with filtering function, and its upper surface is provided with a copper cladding layer. The copper cladding layer is electrically connected to the metal floor.

2. The filtering antenna based on a three-dimensional metasurface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first metal microstrip is used to generate a low-frequency band-stop effect, and the second metal microstrip is used to generate a high-frequency band-stop effect.

3. The filtering antenna based on a three-dimensional metasurface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first metal microstrip and / or the second metal microstrip are bent structures to achieve miniaturization; By utilizing the interdigitated coupling structure of the first and second metal microstrips to introduce a capacitance effect, the vertical electrical length of the metal microstrip line is shortened, thereby reducing the profile height.

4. The filtering antenna based on a three-dimensional metasurface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radiator is a magnetoelectric dipole, a microstrip patch, a slot antenna, or a dipole antenna.

5. The filtering antenna based on a three-dimensional metasurface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeder cable with filtering function includes: Forked feeder trunk line; A half-wavelength open-circuit extension line is connected to the end of the forked feed line to generate a high-frequency band-stop effect. A quarter-wavelength short-circuit slot is etched onto the forked feeder trunk to generate a low-frequency band-stop effect.

6. The filtering antenna based on a three-dimensional metasurface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal floor is etched with feed slots for energy coupling.

7. The filtering antenna based on a three-dimensional metasurface according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes multiple insulating material supports for supporting and fixing the three-dimensional filtering metasurface above the radiator.

8. The filtering antenna based on a three-dimensional metasurface according to claim 7, characterized in that, The insulating material support has an L-shaped structure, and there are four of them, which are respectively set at the four corners of the three-dimensional filter metasurface.

9. A filter antenna array based on a three-dimensional metasurface, characterized in that, It includes at least two filtering antennas based on a three-dimensional metasurface as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein each antenna element is arranged linearly, staggered, or in a two-dimensional array.

10. A communication device, characterized in that, Includes the filter antenna based on a three-dimensional metasurface as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, or the filter antenna array based on a three-dimensional metasurface as described in claim 9.

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