Self-heat-dissipation energy-saving low-voltage switch cabinet and control system

Abstract

The application relates to a self-heat-dissipation type energy-saving low-voltage switch cabinet, which comprises a switch cabinet body, a vertical partition plate arranged in the switch cabinet body, the vertical partition plate divides the switch cabinet body into an element mounting cavity and a vertical air duct, electrical elements are arranged in the element mounting cavity, ventilation holes are arranged in the vertical partition plate, the element mounting cavity and the vertical air duct are communicated through the ventilation holes, an air induction fan is arranged in the vertical air duct, the air induction fan is used for forming directional high-speed airflow in the vertical air duct, and then forming a negative pressure suction effect at the ventilation holes. Through cooperation of the electric air door and the air induction fan, the air induction fan is started only when the load is large, natural heat dissipation is completely relied on the chimney effect in the spring and autumn seasons and cool nights, zero energy consumption cooling is realized, and the comprehensive energy-saving effect is remarkable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power equipment technology, and in particular to a self-heating energy-saving low-voltage switchgear and control system. Background Technology

[0002] Low-voltage switchgear is an important piece of equipment in power systems used for power distribution, control, and protection. During operation, the electrical components inside the cabinet generate a large amount of heat. If this heat cannot be dissipated in time, the internal temperature of the cabinet will continue to rise, accelerating component aging, reducing insulation performance, and even causing malfunctions.

[0003] Currently, the most common method for heat dissipation in switchgear mainly relies on forced ventilation. However, forced ventilation requires continuous power consumption, resulting in unnecessary energy waste. In winter, when the ambient temperature is low, forced ventilation introduces a large amount of cold air into the cabinet, which can easily cause condensation on the surface of components and the inner wall of the cabinet, thereby reducing the electrical insulation strength and causing serious safety accidents such as discharge and short circuits. In addition, the airflow path of existing forced ventilation is relatively fixed, which can easily create dead airflow areas inside the cabinet, leading to local heat accumulation and affecting the overall heat dissipation effect.

[0004] Based on the above-mentioned technical problems, this application proposes a self-heating energy-saving low-voltage switchgear and control system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a self-heating energy-saving low-voltage switchgear and control system to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art. This purpose is achieved through the following technical solutions: A self-cooling energy-saving low-voltage switchgear includes a switchgear body. A vertical partition divides the switchgear body into a component mounting cavity and a vertical air duct. A main air inlet is located at the bottom of the switchgear body. A first air inlet, connected to the main air inlet, is located at the bottom of the component mounting cavity and is equipped with an electric damper. A second air inlet, connected to the main air inlet, is located at the bottom of the vertical air duct. A first air outlet and a second air outlet are located at the top of the switchgear body. The first air outlet is connected to the component mounting cavity, and the second air inlet is connected to the vertical air duct. Electrical components are installed in the component mounting cavity. Ventilation holes are provided on the vertical partition, connecting the component mounting cavity to the vertical air duct. An exhaust fan is installed in the vertical air duct to create a directional high-speed airflow, thereby creating a negative pressure suction effect at the ventilation holes.

[0006] Furthermore, the ventilation holes are located at the vertical projection of the electrical components onto the vertical partition.

[0007] Furthermore, several partitions are installed inside the vertical air duct, which divide the vertical air duct into several vertical sub-air ducts.

[0008] Furthermore, filters are installed at both the first air inlet and the first air outlet.

[0009] Furthermore, the electric damper includes a fixed plate, an adjusting plate, and an electric push rod. The fixed plate has a first adjusting port, and the adjusting plate has a second adjusting port. The adjusting plate is movably mounted on the fixed plate. The electric push rod is connected to the adjusting plate and is used to adjust the overlap between the first adjusting port and the second adjusting port.

[0010] A control system for any of the above-mentioned self-heating energy-saving low-voltage switchgear includes a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, and a control module. The first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the electric damper, and the exhaust fan are all electrically connected to the control module. The first temperature sensor is used to acquire the internal temperature of the switchgear body, and the second temperature sensor is used to acquire the external temperature of the switchgear body. The control module is configured to calculate the internal and external temperature difference of the switchgear body. If the temperature difference between the inside and outside is greater than the condensation threshold and the internal temperature is less than the start-up threshold, the induced draft fan is controlled to be in the off state, and the ventilation inside the switch cabinet is adjusted only by the electric damper. If the temperature difference between the inside and outside exceeds the condensation threshold and the internal temperature exceeds the start-up threshold, the ventilation inside the switch cabinet body will be adjusted alternately by controlling the induced draft fan and the electric damper. If the temperature difference between the inside and outside is less than the condensation threshold and the internal temperature is greater than the start-up threshold, the electric damper is controlled to be closed, and the induced draft fan is started to regulate the ventilation inside the switch cabinet.

[0011] Furthermore, the first temperature sensor is a distributed temperature sensor.

[0012] Furthermore, the condensation threshold is 30-40℃, and the activation threshold is 50℃.

[0013] The technical solutions provided in this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages: 1. By coordinating electric dampers and induced draft fans, the induced draft fans are only activated to assist cooling when the load is high. In spring and autumn and on cool nights, the cooling relies entirely on the chimney effect to achieve natural heat dissipation, resulting in zero-energy cooling and significant overall energy-saving effects.

[0014] 2. By setting up a vertical air duct inside the switch cabinet and using an exhaust fan to form a directional high-speed airflow in the vertical air duct, and utilizing the negative pressure suction generated by Bernoulli's principle, the dead corners of heat dissipation inside the cabinet can be effectively eliminated, achieving uniform and efficient heat dissipation in three-dimensional space. 3. By monitoring ambient temperature and temperature difference, the system intelligently suppresses forced ventilation under conditions prone to condensation, eliminating condensation at the source and greatly improving the safety and reliability of the equipment in humid and cold environments. 4. The cabinet itself forms a vertical air duct, and the only active component is a low-power fan. The system has a simple structure, low failure rate, and low maintenance cost. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the low-voltage switchgear structure according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is an isometric view of the rear of a low-voltage switchgear according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the low-voltage switchgear structure according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a longitudinal structural sectional view of the low-voltage switchgear according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified view of a portion of the image; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the electric damper structure according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of an electric damper according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the control system circuit in an embodiment of this application.

[0017] Reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Switch cabinet body; 11. Vertical partition; 111. Ventilation hole; 12. Horizontal partition; 13. Main air inlet; 2. Component mounting cavity; 21. First air inlet; 22. First air outlet; 3. Vertical air duct; 31. Second air inlet; 32. Second air outlet; 4. Electric damper; 41. Fixing plate; 411. First adjustment port; 412. Guide groove; 42. Adjustment plate; 421. Second adjustment port; 422. Moving pin; 43. Electric push rod; 5. Exhaust fan; 6. Electrical components; 7. First temperature sensor; 8. Second temperature sensor; 9. Control module. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided below. Example 1

[0019] like Figure 1-7The diagram shows a self-cooling energy-saving low-voltage switchgear, comprising a switchgear body 1. A vertical partition 11 is installed inside the switchgear body 1, positioned at the rear of the cabinet in the width direction. This partition divides the switchgear body 1 into parallel component mounting cavities 2 and vertical air ducts 3. The component mounting cavities 2 are used to install electrical components 6 such as circuit breakers, contactors, and relays. The vertical air ducts 3 serve as channels for air circulation. The vertical partition 11 is positioned 2-3 cm away from the back panel of the switchgear body 1 to ensure airflow and minimize space occupation.

[0020] like Figures 1-5 As shown, a horizontal partition 12 is fixed to the bottom of the switch cabinet body 1. The horizontal partition 12 is spaced apart from the bottom plate of the switch cabinet body 1, thereby forming an air inlet chamber at the bottom of the switch cabinet body 1. A main air inlet 13 is provided on the front side of the air inlet chamber. A first air inlet 21 is provided on the horizontal partition 12. An electric damper 4 is installed at the first air inlet 21. The main air inlet 13 is connected to the component mounting cavity 2 through the first air inlet 21. The air intake can be adjusted by adjusting the opening and closing degree of the electric damper 4.

[0021] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, the electric damper 4 includes a fixed plate 41 fixed at the first air inlet 21, an adjustable plate 42 that can slide relative to it, and an electric actuator 43 that drives the adjustable plate. The fixed plate 41 has a first adjustment port 411, and the adjustable plate 42 has a second adjustment port 421. The fixed plate 41 has an elongated guide groove 412, and a movable pin 422 is fixed to the lower end face of the adjustable plate 42. The movable pin 422 passes through the guide groove 412 and is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the electric actuator 43. By driving the adjustable plate 42 to move through the electric actuator 43, the overlapping area of ​​the two adjustment ports can be changed, thereby achieving stepless airflow adjustment from fully open to fully closed, with high control precision and reliable structure.

[0022] like Figures 1-5 As shown, two first air outlets 22 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the upper part of the switch cabinet body 1. The first air outlets 22 are only connected to the component mounting cavity 2. When the electrical components inside the switch cabinet body 1 generate heat, the hot air rises and is discharged from the first air outlets 22. External cold air enters the switch cabinet body 1 through the main air inlet 13 and the first air inlet 21 in sequence, realizing natural ventilation and heat dissipation inside the switch cabinet body 1. The air intake speed can also be adjusted by adjusting the opening and closing degree of the electric damper 4, so as to avoid the rapid entry of external cold air at low temperatures, which would cause condensation inside the switch cabinet body 1.

[0023] To ensure the cleanliness of the switch cabinet body 1, filters can be installed at both the first air inlet 21 and the first air outlet 22 to prevent dust and pests from entering the component mounting cavity 2.

[0024] like Figures 1-5 As shown, a second air inlet 31 is provided on the rear side of the horizontal partition 12, and the main air inlet 13 is connected to the bottom of the vertical air duct 3 through the second air inlet 31. A second air outlet 32 ​​is provided on the rear side of the top of the switch cabinet body 1, and the second air inlet 32 ​​is only connected to the vertical air duct 3. An induced draft fan 5 is installed at the second air inlet 32, and the induced draft fan 5 is an axial flow fan. When the induced draft fan 5 is started, it forms a directional high-speed airflow from bottom to top in the vertical air duct 3. Preferably, induced draft fans 5 can be installed at both the second air inlet 31 and the second air outlet 32 ​​to increase the air velocity inside the vertical air duct 3.

[0025] A ventilation hole 111 is provided on the vertical partition 11, and the component mounting cavity 2 is connected to the vertical air duct 3 through the ventilation hole 111. According to Bernoulli's principle, when the high-speed airflow in the vertical air duct 3 flows through the ventilation hole 111, a local negative pressure suction effect will be generated at the ventilation hole 111, thereby actively and efficiently "drawing" the hot air in the component mounting cavity 2 into the vertical air duct 3 and then discharging it.

[0026] For targeted heat dissipation, the ventilation holes 111 are mainly located in the vertical projection area of ​​the electrical components 6 on the vertical partition 11. This means that the heat generated by the electrical components 6 can be introduced into the vertical air duct 3 at the closest distance and most directly, which can effectively eliminate heat dissipation dead corners in the switch cabinet and achieve uniform and efficient heat dissipation in three-dimensional space.

[0027] In addition, since the exhaust fan 5 is installed in an independent vertical air duct 3, it has the advantages of low resistance and good streamline. The energy is concentrated to generate high-speed airflow and negative pressure. Compared with the traditional cooling fan installed directly in the cabinet, the heat dissipation efficiency per unit power consumption is higher.

[0028] To improve heat dissipation uniformity and airflow organization, several partitions can be installed in the vertical air duct 3 to divide a large air duct into multiple parallel vertical sub-air ducts. This helps to guide airflow, reduce eddies, and make the negative pressure suction effect more evenly distributed along the height of the cabinet. Example 2

[0029] like Figure 8 As shown, a control system for a self-heating energy-saving low-voltage switchgear according to Embodiment 1 includes a first temperature sensor 7, a second temperature sensor 8, and a control module 9. The first temperature sensor 7, the second temperature sensor 8, the electric damper 4, and the induced draft fan 5 are all electrically connected to the control module 9.

[0030] The first temperature sensor 7 is installed inside the component mounting cavity 2 and is used to monitor the air temperature inside the switch cabinet body 1 in real time. To more accurately sense the temperature field, the first temperature sensor 7 employs a distributed temperature sensor network, with multiple sensor nodes arranged at different heights (top, middle, and bottom) and near key heat-generating electrical components within the switchgear body 1 to acquire representative and extreme temperature data. The second temperature sensor 8 is installed externally to the switchgear body 1, such as on the door or side, for real-time monitoring of the ambient air temperature. .

[0031] The input port of the control module 9 is connected to the first temperature sensor 7 and the second temperature sensor 8, and the output port is electrically connected to the electric push rod 43 of the electric damper 4 and the drive circuit of the induced draft fan 5.

[0032] Control module 9 is configured to calculate the internal and external temperature difference of the switchgear body. : like Greater than the condensation threshold, and When the temperature is below the start-up threshold, it is determined that there is residual heat inside the switch cabinet, but the ambient temperature is extremely low, and the risk of condensation is extremely high.

[0033] The forced cooling air source is cut off by shutting down the exhaust fan 5 via control module 9. Simultaneously, the electric damper 4 is precisely controlled to open to a small degree, such as 20%. At this time, the switchgear body 1 relies solely on the chimney effect for extremely slow natural ventilation. Hot air rises naturally and is discharged through the first air outlet 22, while a small amount of cold air from outside is restricted by the electric damper 4 and slowly enters through the first air inlet 21. This prevents the temperature of the inner wall of the switchgear body 1 and the surface of electrical components from dropping sharply below the dew point due to a sudden influx of cold air, fundamentally eliminating condensation.

[0034] like Greater than the condensation threshold, and When the temperature exceeds the start-up threshold, it is determined that the heat generated inside the switch cabinet is large but the ambient temperature is extremely low, resulting in a very high risk of condensation.

[0035] The control module 9 performs alternating adjustments. For example, a 2-minute cycle can be set: for the first 30 seconds, the electric damper 4 is closed, and the exhaust fan 5 is started, utilizing the Bernoulli effect for high-intensity forced suction cooling. For the next 90 seconds, the exhaust fan 5 is closed, and the electric damper 4 is opened to a medium degree, such as 50%, for natural convection cooling.

[0036] During the forced cooling period, the core heat can be quickly dissipated to prevent the equipment from overheating; during the natural ventilation period, the air inside the switch cabinet is allowed to re-equalize in temperature, and the small amount of cold air entering is gently heated by residual heat, avoiding condensation caused by continuous cold shock.

[0037] like Less than the condensation threshold, and When the load exceeds the start-up threshold, it is determined that a large amount of heat is generated inside the switch cabinet due to high load, and there is no risk of condensation.

[0038] The electric damper 4 is completely closed via control module 9, while the induced draft fan 5 is started, and can be adjusted according to... The speed is continuously adjusted using PWM technology.

[0039] At this time, external air enters only through the second air inlet 31 at the bottom of the vertical air duct 3. The fan runs at full speed, forming a strong negative pressure suction field in the well-sealed vertical air duct 3. The hot air in each corner of the component mounting cavity 2 is forcefully and evenly extracted through the ventilation holes 111, resulting in the highest heat dissipation efficiency.

[0040] The condensation threshold is 30-40℃. In humid coastal areas, the condensation threshold can be set to 30℃; in dry inland areas, it can be set to 40℃. The start-up threshold needs to be lower than the operating temperature of the electrical components, preferably 50℃, to avoid aging of the electrical components due to long-term operation at high temperatures, which would affect their service life.

[0041] The technical solutions provided in this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages: 1. By coordinating electric dampers and induced draft fans, the induced draft fans are only activated to assist cooling when the load is high. In spring and autumn and on cool nights, the cooling relies entirely on the chimney effect to achieve natural heat dissipation, resulting in zero-energy cooling and significant overall energy-saving effects.

[0042] 2. By setting up a vertical air duct inside the switch cabinet and using an exhaust fan to form a directional high-speed airflow in the vertical air duct, and utilizing the negative pressure suction generated by Bernoulli's principle, the dead corners of heat dissipation inside the cabinet can be effectively eliminated, achieving uniform and efficient heat dissipation in three-dimensional space. 3. By monitoring ambient temperature and temperature difference, the system intelligently suppresses forced ventilation under conditions prone to condensation, eliminating condensation at the source and greatly improving the safety and reliability of the equipment in humid and cold environments. 4. The cabinet itself forms a vertical air duct, and the only active component is a low-power fan. The system has a simple structure, low failure rate, and low maintenance cost.

[0043] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-heating energy-saving low-voltage switchgear, characterized in that, The device includes a switch cabinet body, within which a vertical partition divides the switch cabinet body into a component mounting cavity and a vertical air duct. A main air inlet is located at the bottom of the switch cabinet body, and a first air inlet communicating with the main air inlet is located at the bottom of the component mounting cavity, with an electric damper installed at the first air inlet. A second air inlet communicating with the main air inlet is located at the bottom of the vertical air duct. A first air outlet and a second air outlet are located at the upper part of the switch cabinet body, with the first air outlet communicating with the component mounting cavity and the second air inlet communicating with the vertical air duct. The component mounting cavity contains... Equipped with electrical components, the vertical partition has ventilation holes, and the component mounting cavity is connected to the vertical air duct through the ventilation holes; an exhaust fan is installed in the vertical air duct, which is used to form a directional high-speed airflow in the vertical air duct, thereby creating a negative pressure suction effect at the ventilation holes; the electric damper includes a fixed plate, an adjusting plate, and an electric push rod, the fixed plate has a first adjusting port, the adjusting plate has a second adjusting port, the adjusting plate is movably mounted on the fixed plate, and the electric push rod is connected to the adjusting plate, the electric push rod is used to adjust the overlap between the first adjusting port and the second adjusting port; The self-heating energy-saving low-voltage switchgear also includes a control system. The control system includes a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, and a control module. The first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the electric damper, and the exhaust fan are all electrically connected to the control module. The first temperature sensor is used to acquire the internal temperature of the switchgear body, and the second temperature sensor is used to acquire the external temperature of the switchgear body. The control module is configured to calculate the internal and external temperature difference of the switchgear body. If the temperature difference between the inside and outside is greater than the condensation threshold and the internal temperature is less than the start-up threshold, the induced draft fan is controlled to be in the off state, and the ventilation inside the switch cabinet is adjusted only by the electric damper. If the temperature difference between the inside and outside exceeds the condensation threshold and the internal temperature exceeds the start-up threshold, the ventilation inside the switch cabinet body will be adjusted alternately by controlling the induced draft fan and the electric damper. If the temperature difference between the inside and outside is less than the condensation threshold and the internal temperature is greater than the start-up threshold, the electric damper is controlled to be closed, and the induced draft fan is started to regulate the ventilation inside the switch cabinet.

2. The self-heating energy-saving low-voltage switchgear according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ventilation hole is located at the vertical projection of the electrical component onto the vertical partition.

3. The self-heating energy-saving low-voltage switchgear according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical air duct is provided with several partition plates, which divide the vertical air duct into several vertical sub-air ducts.

4. The self-heating energy-saving low-voltage switchgear according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first air inlet and the first air outlet are equipped with filters.

5. The self-heating energy-saving low-voltage switchgear according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first temperature sensor is a distributed temperature sensor.

6. The self-heating energy-saving low-voltage switchgear according to claim 1, characterized in that, The condensation threshold is 30-40℃, and the activation threshold is 50℃.

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