A heterogeneous electrolytic cell array optimization control method for flat load support

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of new energy hydrogen production, and more particularly to a heterogeneous electrolytic cell array optimization control method for flat load support, comprising: configuring a heterogeneous electrolytic cell array composed of electrolytic cells with different power regulation characteristics; determining a total input power task of the heterogeneous electrolytic cell array, the total input power task containing a fluctuation part representing new energy power fluctuation characteristics and a grid load support instruction part; decomposing the total input power task based on frequency characteristics to obtain a low-frequency power part and a high-frequency power part; assigning the low-frequency power part to the first type of electrolytic cell to undertake, and assigning the high-frequency power part to the second type of electrolytic cell to undertake; and dynamically adjusting the priority of the power task undertaken by each electrolytic cell according to the cumulative operation state information of each electrolytic cell. Through the present application, the alkaline electrolytic cell and the proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell can be cooperatively utilized, and the complementary advantages of the two types of electrolytic cells in the regulation performance can be fully utilized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen production from new energy sources, and in particular to an optimized control method for heterogeneous electrolyzer arrays oriented towards levelized load support. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of energy transition, the installed capacity of renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaics continues to grow. Due to the volatility and randomness of renewable energy generation, large-scale grid connection places higher demands on the power system's regulation capabilities. Electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen, which converts electrical energy into hydrogen for storage or reuse, is considered an important technological path for achieving large-scale renewable energy consumption. In a system consisting of renewable energy generation and electrolysis-based hydrogen production, if the hydrogen production load can respond to grid dispatch instructions and actively participate in power regulation, the dual goals of renewable energy consumption and grid load support can be achieved simultaneously. Specifically, levelized load support refers to actively controlling adjustable loads to provide continuous and stable load regulation capabilities according to grid dispatch requirements while tracking fluctuations in renewable energy output.

[0003] In existing technologies, large-scale water electrolysis hydrogen production systems mostly employ a single type of electrolyzer to form a hydrogen production array. Alkaline electrolyzers (ALK) are technologically mature and relatively inexpensive, but due to their inherent characteristics such as high thermal inertia, slow power ramp-up rate, and high safety operating threshold, their dynamic response time is typically on the order of minutes, making it difficult to meet the grid's requirement for rapid load support on a timescale of seconds. Proton exchange membrane electrolyzers (PEM) offer advantages such as a wide power adjustment range and fast response speed, achieving second-level power regulation; however, their equipment cost is significantly higher than that of alkaline electrolyzers, and their large-scale application alone would constrain the investment and operational economics of the hydrogen production system.

[0004] Therefore, under the existing single-type electrolyzer array technology, while alkaline electrolyzers can ensure operational economy, they cannot meet the requirements of rapid power regulation response for grid leveled load support; while proton exchange membrane electrolyzers can meet the rapid response requirement, the overall system economy is significantly reduced. Existing methods lack synergistic utilization of the operating characteristics of alkaline and proton exchange membrane electrolyzers, making it difficult to fully leverage the complementary advantages of the two types of electrolyzers in terms of regulation performance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides an optimized control method for heterogeneous electrolytic cell arrays oriented towards leveled load support, which can effectively solve the problems in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: An optimized control method for heterogeneous electrolytic cell arrays oriented towards leveled load support includes: A heterogeneous electrolytic cell array is configured, consisting of electrolytic cells with different power regulation characteristics; the heterogeneous electrolytic cell array includes at least a first type of electrolytic cell and a second type of electrolytic cell. The total input power task of the heterogeneous electrolyzer array is determined, and the total input power task includes a fluctuation part characterizing the fluctuation characteristics of new energy power and a grid load support command part; The total input power task is decomposed based on frequency characteristics to obtain the low-frequency power component and the high-frequency power component; The low-frequency power portion is allocated to the first type of electrolytic cell, and the high-frequency power portion is allocated to the second type of electrolytic cell. Furthermore, based on the cumulative operating status information of each electrolytic cell, the priority of the power tasks undertaken by each electrolytic cell is dynamically adjusted to balance the lifespan loss of the electrolytic cells within the array.

[0007] Furthermore, the first type of electrolytic cell is an alkaline electrolytic cell, and the second type of electrolytic cell is a proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell.

[0008] Furthermore, the operating constraints of the alkaline electrolyzer include minimum operating power constraints, power ramp-up rate constraints, heat retention constraints, and load increase standby constraints. The operational constraints of the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer include wide power adjustment range constraints, rapid start-up and shutdown constraints, overload operation capability constraints, and load adjustment standby constraints. The operational power domain of the heterogeneous electrolyzer array is established by considering the respective operational constraints of the alkaline electrolyzer and the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer.

[0009] Further, determining the total input power task of the heterogeneous electrolytic cell array includes: Modal decomposition is performed on the predicted renewable energy power to extract the fluctuation component characterizing the fluctuation characteristics of renewable energy power; The extracted fluctuation portion is superimposed on the grid load support instruction portion to construct the total input power task.

[0010] Furthermore, the total input power task is decomposed based on frequency characteristics, including: The total input power task is subjected to mode decomposition to separate the low-frequency power component and the high-frequency power component; the mode decomposition is variational mode decomposition.

[0011] Furthermore, before performing a frequency-based decomposition of the total input power task, the method further includes: Based on the upper and lower limits of the operating power of the heterogeneous electrolytic cell array, the total input power task is subjected to operating domain correction.

[0012] Furthermore, the operational domain correction includes: When the total input power task is positive, the total input power task is corrected to be no less than the minimum operating power of a single alkaline electrolyzer and no greater than the difference between the array overload operating power limit and the power margin. The power margin is used to ensure that at least one electrolyzer is kept in the rated power operating state to perform rotation scheduling. When the total input power task is negative, the total input power task is corrected until its absolute value does not exceed the absolute value of the total absorbed power of the array at the previous scheduling time, so as to prevent power overshoot.

[0013] Furthermore, based on the cumulative operating status information of each electrolytic cell, the priority of the power tasks undertaken by each electrolytic cell is dynamically adjusted, including: Based on the cumulative operating time, number of start-ups and shutdowns, and load variation of each electrolyzer, a lifespan loss index is constructed. The priority of each electrolyzer is determined at least based on the life loss index.

[0014] Furthermore, the priority of each electrolyzer is determined at least based on the said lifespan loss index, including: Real-time monitoring of the thermal status of each electrolytic cell, including operating temperature and heat preservation status; The priority is determined by combining the life loss index and the thermal state, so that the electrolytic cell with a smaller life loss index value and a thermal state of heat preservation has a higher priority.

[0015] Furthermore, the rotation scheduling adopts a time-sharing and cell-sharing method, allocating the low-frequency power portion and the high-frequency power portion to different electrolytic cells, and giving priority to calling electrolytic cells in the heat preservation state to reduce energy loss caused by cold start.

[0016] The technical solution of this invention achieves the following technical effects: By assembling electrolytic cells with different power regulation characteristics into a heterogeneous array and decomposing and asymmetrically allocating the total input power task based on frequency characteristics, this invention allows electrolytic cells with different power response speeds to each undertake a power component matching their dynamic characteristics, thereby achieving a synchronized and coordinated response to slow base loads and rapid fluctuations within the same array. Simultaneously, by dynamically adjusting the priority of the power tasks undertaken by each electrolytic cell based on its cumulative operating status information, the lifespan loss of each electrolytic cell tends to be balanced, reducing premature local lifespan degradation caused by frequent start-ups and shutdowns or long-term high-load operation of individual electrolytic cells. Therefore, this invention achieves the technical goal of balancing rapid response, long-term operational stability, and system economy without requiring all high-cost, fast-response equipment, solving the technical problem that a single type of electrolytic cell array cannot simultaneously meet the dual requirements of rapid response and long-term stable operation while ensuring economic efficiency.

[0017] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the heterogeneous electrolytic cell array of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the optimized control method for heterogeneous electrolytic cell arrays for leveled load support according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0021] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0022] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides an optimized control method for heterogeneous electrolytic cell arrays oriented towards leveled load support, which specifically includes the following steps: Step S100: Configure a heterogeneous electrolytic cell array composed of electrolytic cells with different power regulation characteristics; the heterogeneous electrolytic cell array includes at least a first type of electrolytic cell and a second type of electrolytic cell; Step S200: Determine the total input power task of the heterogeneous electrolyzer array, wherein the total input power task includes a fluctuation part characterizing the fluctuation characteristics of new energy power and a grid load support command part; Step S300: Decompose the total input power task based on frequency characteristics to obtain the low-frequency power component and the high-frequency power component; Step S400: Allocate the low-frequency power portion to the first type of electrolytic cell and allocate the high-frequency power portion to the second type of electrolytic cell; Step S500: Based on the cumulative operating status information of each electrolytic cell, dynamically adjust the priority of the power tasks undertaken by each electrolytic cell to balance the lifespan loss of the electrolytic cells in the array.

[0023] In this embodiment, by assembling electrolytic cells with different power regulation characteristics into a heterogeneous array and performing frequency-based decomposition and asymmetric allocation of the total input power task, each electrolytic cell with a different power response speed undertakes a power component that matches its dynamic characteristics. This allows for synchronized and coordinated responses to slow base loads and rapid fluctuations within the same array. Simultaneously, by dynamically adjusting the priority of the power tasks undertaken by each electrolytic cell based on its cumulative operating status information, the lifespan degradation of each electrolytic cell tends to be balanced, reducing premature local lifespan degradation caused by frequent start-ups and shutdowns or long-term high-load operation of individual electrolytic cells. Therefore, this embodiment achieves a balance between rapid response, long-term operational stability, and system economy without requiring all high-cost, fast-response equipment, solving the problem that a single type of electrolytic cell array cannot simultaneously meet the dual requirements of rapid response and long-term stable operation while maintaining economic efficiency.

[0024] In a specific implementation, as one example, to address the problem that a single type of electrolyzer array cannot simultaneously achieve both operational economy and rapid power regulation response, this embodiment provides a method for configuring a heterogeneous electrolyzer array and establishing its operable power domain. In existing technologies, alkaline electrolyzers are technologically mature and have low unit hydrogen production costs, but their power ramp-up rate does not exceed 0.1 kW / s, the minimum stable operating power is 30% to 50% of the rated power, and the dynamic response time is 1 to 5 minutes, which cannot meet the grid's second-level load support requirements. Proton exchange membrane electrolyzers have a power regulation range of 0% to 120% of the rated power and a dynamic response time of less than 1 second, but the unit equipment investment is 2 to 3 times that of alkaline electrolyzers. A single type of electrolyzer array cannot simultaneously achieve operational economy and regulation flexibility. Therefore, this embodiment configures a heterogeneous electrolyzer array composed of alkaline electrolyzers and proton exchange membrane electrolyzers. By establishing operational constraints for both types of electrolyzers, the operable power domain of the array is determined, providing a safe operating boundary for power allocation and rotation scheduling. The specific configuration implementation is as follows: Step S110: Configure the heterogeneous electrolyzer array. The heterogeneous electrolyzer array includes a first type of electrolyzer and a second type of electrolyzer. The power response speed of the first type of electrolyzer is slower than that of the second type of electrolyzer. Specifically, the first type of electrolyzer is an alkaline electrolyzer, and the second type of electrolyzer is a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer.

[0025] Step S120: For each alkaline electrolyzer, establish the following operating constraints: The minimum operating power constraint is:

[0026] in, The actual output power of the alkaline electrolyzer at time t; The minimum power required to ensure a stable chemical reaction; This is a safe operating limit for the maximum permissible overload power to prevent overload. This constraint prevents the electrolyzer from operating at excessively low power, which could lead to unstable electrolyte circulation, while also avoiding damage to the electrodes due to overload operation.

[0027] The power ramp rate constraint is:

[0028] in, This constraint, set at the maximum permissible rate of power change (kW / s), ensures a smooth power change and avoids electrochemical corrosion caused by abrupt changes in current density on the electrode surface.

[0029] The thermal retention constraint is:

[0030] in, This represents the downtime (in seconds) before the electrolytic cell is restarted. The holding time (in seconds) is used. For example, if the holding time is 1800 seconds, the electrolytic cell remains in a hot state when the shutdown time does not exceed 1800 seconds, and no additional preheating is required when starting up. When the shutdown time exceeds 1800 seconds, the electrolytic cell enters a cold state, and a preheating procedure must be performed before starting up. This constraint avoids the additional energy loss caused by cold start-up and reduces the damage of thermal stress to the electrolytic cell structure.

[0031] The constraints for increasing load reserve are:

[0032] in, To reserve power for the grid to quickly adjust its load, This is the maximum allowable overload power; this constraint ensures that each alkaline electrolyzer always retains a certain up-adjustment capacity, allowing for rapid load increases when the grid needs them.

[0033] Step S130: For each proton exchange membrane electrolyzer, establish the following operating constraints: The wide power adjustment range is constrained as follows:

[0034] in, For the first Actual output power of the PEM electrolytic cell at any given time; To minimize operating power and ensure stable chemical reactions; The rated maximum power; this constraint allows the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer to be continuously adjusted within the range of zero power to rated power, adapting to large power fluctuations.

[0035] The fast start / stop constraints are:

[0036] in, The last downtime. Minimum start-stop interval, The maximum start-stop interval is set at this limit. This constraint ensures a second-level start-stop response while avoiding mechanical seal wear caused by frequent start-stop cycles, and also prevents performance degradation caused by long-term continuous operation of a single electrolytic cell.

[0037] The overload operating capacity constraint is:

[0038] in, The allowable overload power amplitude (kW) is used for rapid response to grid fluctuations; this constraint supports short-term excess output power of the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer, quickly smoothing out power spikes from new energy sources.

[0039] The constraints for adjusting load reserve are as follows:

[0040]

[0041] in, In order to increase the load reserve power, This constraint enables the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer to simultaneously possess bidirectional load regulation capabilities, responding to both upward and downward load adjustments required by the power grid.

[0042] Step S140: After establishing the above-mentioned operating constraints for the alkaline electrolyzer and the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer respectively, all the above constraints are summarized to calculate the lower limit and upper limit of the total power that the entire heterogeneous electrolyzer array can absorb. The lower limit of the total power ensures that at least one electrolyzer in the array is in an online operating state and meets its minimum operating power requirements. The upper limit of the total power ensures that all operating electrolyzers do not exceed their respective maximum power or overload power limits, and leave necessary reserve margins. The continuous power range between the lower limit and the upper limit of the total power is the operating power domain of the heterogeneous electrolyzer array.

[0043] This embodiment utilizes a heterogeneous electrolyzer array configuration to simultaneously achieve the operational economy of an alkaline electrolyzer and the rapid response of a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer. The operational constraints of the alkaline electrolyzer ensure its safe and stable operation, reducing long-term operating costs; while the operational constraints of the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer ensure its rapid adjustment capability, meeting the grid's second-level load support requirements. The establishment of the operable power domain defines the array's safe operating boundary, providing a legal power input range for frequency-based asymmetric power allocation and rotation optimization, ensuring safe and reliable operation under all operating conditions.

[0044] In some embodiments of the present invention, for step S1, this embodiment provides a method for determining the total input power task of a heterogeneous electrolyzer array. After completing the configuration of the heterogeneous electrolyzer array and the establishment of the operable power domain in step S100, it is necessary to determine the total input power task that the array should undertake in each scheduling cycle. The total input power task should reflect both the fluctuation component of the new energy power generation output that needs to be absorbed by the hydrogen production array and the load support instructions issued by the grid dispatch center, so that the array can respond to the dual needs of the new energy side and the grid side when performing power absorption. If the predicted power from renewable energy sources is directly superimposed with the grid load support command as the input power task of the array, the following problems exist: The predicted power from renewable energy sources is a time series, which includes both slowly changing low-frequency trend components and short-period high-frequency fluctuation components caused by cloud disturbances, gusts, etc.; the grid load support command is the power adjustment amount issued by the grid dispatch center according to the system's frequency regulation and peak shaving needs, which also has the characteristic of rapid change; if the above power is directly superimposed without distinction, the high-frequency and low-frequency components in the total power task will be mixed, making it impossible to guide different types of power tasks to the alkaline electrolyzer and mass electrolyzer separately according to frequency characteristics in subsequent allocation steps. The alkaline electrolyzer is constrained by the power ramp-up rate, resulting in a low upper limit for its power change rate. This makes it unable to effectively track high-frequency power fluctuations. Forcing it to handle high-frequency components would frequently exceed its ramp-up rate limit, leading to power tracking errors or forced start-ups and shutdowns, thus accelerating the electrolyzer's lifespan. Therefore, when constructing the total input power task, the high-frequency components characterizing fluctuations in the predicted new energy power need to be pre-separated and then superimposed with the grid load support command. This unifies the frequency characteristics of both components to be high-frequency, thereby distinguishing the high-frequency and low-frequency attributes of the total power task at the source. Based on the above issues, the specific steps for determining the total input power task are as follows: Step S210: Perform mode decomposition on the predicted renewable energy power to extract the fluctuation component characterizing the fluctuation characteristics of renewable energy power; obtain the time series of predicted renewable energy power from renewable energy power plants based on meteorological data and power generation models, denoted as... The predicted power is input into a variational mode decomposition (VMD) algorithm. VMD non-recursively decomposes the input signal into K intrinsic mode components with different center frequencies. The sum of the bandwidths of each mode component tends to be minimized during iterative solving, thus achieving adaptive separation of the signal in the frequency domain. The decomposition process is expressed as:

[0045] in, Let K be the k-th modal component, where K is the preset number of modes. After decomposition, K modal components are obtained. Based on the center frequency of each modal component, the modal component with the highest center frequency is selected as the high-frequency modal component, denoted as Kk. The high-frequency modal component characterizes the fluctuation part of the predicted power caused by short-period disturbances, reflecting the random variation characteristics of new energy output on the time scale of seconds to minutes; the other modal components with lower center frequencies characterize the long-period variation trend of new energy output.

[0046] Step S220: Overlay the extracted fluctuation portion with the grid load support instruction portion to construct the total input power task; the grid load support instruction is issued by the grid dispatch center and is a power regulation time series, denoted as... This indicates the specific requirements of the power grid for the active participation of the hydrogen production array in power regulation; the high-frequency mode components extracted in step S210 With power grid load support instructions The values ​​at each time step are summed to obtain the initial total input power task; the superposition process is represented as:

[0047] in, The initial total input power task at time t; in this task, Corresponding to the short-cycle fluctuations in new energy output. Corresponding to the active regulation needs of the power grid, both belong to the high-frequency variation category in terms of frequency characteristics, and the superimposed... Therefore, it has a clear source of high-frequency components; the low-frequency modal components that are not included in the high-frequency modal components in the new energy predicted power will participate in power allocation in conjunction with the total input power task in subsequent steps, and will be undertaken by the alkaline electrolyzer.

[0048] Step S230: Perform runtime domain correction on the constructed total input power task; convert the preliminary total input power task obtained in step S220 into a single task. The operable power domain is compared and corrected with the operable power domain established in step S100; the operable power domain is the minimum total power that the array is allowed to absorb. and maximum total power Definition; Correction rules are: when When the value is positive, it is corrected to be no less than the minimum operating power of a single alkaline electrolyzer and no greater than the difference between the array overload operating power limit and the power margin. This power margin is used to ensure that at least one electrolyzer in the array is kept in rated power operation for rotation scheduling; when When the value is negative, its absolute value is corrected to not exceed the absolute value of the total absorbed power of the array at the previous scheduling time. To prevent reverse power overshoot; the corrected power value is recorded as This refers to the final total input power task of the heterogeneous electrolyzer array within this scheduling cycle; this final total input power task... The output is sent to step S300 for use in frequency-based decomposition and asymmetric allocation.

[0049] Through the above embodiments, the high-frequency component of the total input power task matches the rapid response capability of the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer in terms of frequency characteristics, while the low-frequency component matches the steady-state operation capability of the alkaline electrolyzer. Simultaneously, during the construction phase, the fluctuation portion of new energy power is independently extracted and integrated with the grid load support command according to... Superposition avoids the mutual cancellation or abnormal amplification of grid commands and renewable energy fluctuations caused by directly using the original predicted power, ensuring that the total input power task accurately reflects the renewable energy absorption pressure and grid support responsibility that the array must simultaneously bear. Operational domain correction ensures that the constructed total input power task is always within the power range that the heterogeneous electrolyzer array can safely execute. and Internally, this prevents the electrolytic cell from operating in an unsafe condition due to power command exceeding limits.

[0050] In a specific implementation, as one example, step S200 involves determining the final total input power of the heterogeneous electrolytic cell array. Subsequently, the power task needs to be further decomposed into low-frequency power and high-frequency power components, so that they can be allocated to the alkaline electrolyzer and proton exchange membrane electrolyzer respectively in step S400. The basis for this decomposition is that the alkaline electrolyzer is constrained by the power ramp-up rate and limited by thermal inertia, resulting in a lower upper limit for its power change rate, making it suitable for handling slowly changing low-frequency power. The proton exchange membrane electrolyzer has a second-level response capability and a wide power adjustment range, making it suitable for handling rapidly changing high-frequency power. If the total input power task is directly allocated to the two types of electrolyzers in a fixed proportion or arbitrarily without frequency decomposition, the alkaline electrolyzer will be forced to respond to high-frequency components it cannot track, triggering ramp-up rate exceeding the limit and causing power tracking deviation. The rapid response capability of the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer will not be fully utilized. Therefore, the total input power task needs to be decomposed based on frequency characteristics, so that the decomposition results correspond to the power adjustment characteristics of the two types of electrolyzers respectively. Based on the above considerations, the specific steps for decomposing the total input power task based on frequency characteristics are as follows: Step S310: Perform variational mode decomposition on the corrected total input power task; variational mode decomposition non-recursively decomposes the input signal into K intrinsic mode components with different center frequencies. The sum of the bandwidths of each mode component tends to be minimized in the iterative solution, thereby achieving adaptive separation of the signal in the frequency domain; the decomposition process is expressed as:

[0051] in, Let K be the k-th modal component, where K is the preset number of modes.

[0052] Step S320: After decomposition, K modal components are obtained. Frequency characteristic analysis is performed on each modal component, and based on its center frequency, each modal component is divided into a low-frequency modal component group and a high-frequency modal component group. The components in the low-frequency modal component group are summed to obtain the low-frequency power component, denoted as... Summing the components in the high-frequency modal component group yields the high-frequency power component, denoted as . The partitioning process is represented as follows:

[0053]

[0054] Where m is the boundary index between low-frequency modal components and high-frequency modal components, the first m modal components are the low-frequency part, and the (m+1)th to the Kth modal components are the high-frequency part.

[0055] Step S330, Low-frequency power section The rate of change is relatively slow, matching the power ramp-up capability and thermal inertia of the alkaline electrolyzer, making it suitable for allocation to the alkaline electrolyzer; the high-frequency power section The rate of change is relatively fast, matching the second-level response capability of the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer, making it suitable for allocation to the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer; the decomposed... and The output is sent to step S400 for subsequent asymmetric power distribution.

[0056] Through the above decomposition method, the total input power task is adaptively separated into low-frequency and high-frequency parts in the frequency domain, rather than being rigidly divided according to a fixed threshold or preset ratio. This decomposition method allows the frequency band boundaries of the low-frequency power part and the high-frequency power part to be dynamically determined according to the spectral characteristics of the actual input power task, avoiding unclear attribution of some frequency components or frequency band overlap caused by fixed threshold division. At the same time, the operating domain correction before decomposition ensures that the total input power task participating in the decomposition is always within the power range that the array can safely execute, so that the power allocation scheme corresponding to the decomposition result will not cause any electrolyzer to operate outside its constraint boundary. The low-frequency power part is allocated to the alkaline electrolyzer to make its operation economical, and the high-frequency power part is allocated to the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer to make its rapid response, thereby achieving complementary utilization of the adjustment capabilities of the two types of electrolyzers at the power allocation level.

[0057] In some embodiments of the present invention, the low-frequency power component obtained by decomposing step S300 is... The high-frequency power portion is allocated to the alkaline electrolytic cell. The power is allocated to the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer; this allocation method is based on the following: the low-frequency power portion. The power change rate is obtained by summing the low center frequency mode components after variational mode decomposition of the total input power task. This rate of change is within the ramp-up rate constraint range of the alkaline electrolyzer, allowing the alkaline electrolyzer to stably track this portion of the power command without triggering a ramp-up rate limit exceedance. The high-frequency power portion... The power change rate, obtained by summing the high center frequency modal components, exceeds the upper limit of the ramp-up capability of the alkaline electrolyzer, but remains within the response capability range of the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer. Therefore, the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer can handle the power regulation, ensuring real-time performance and accuracy. The specific allocation steps are as follows: Step S410: Obtain the low-frequency power component output in step S300. ;Will As the total input power command for the alkaline electrolyzer array at time t, that is:

[0058] in, The input power of the alkaline electrolyzer array at time t is a slowly changing time series whose rate of change does not exceed the maximum allowable power change rate of the alkaline electrolyzer.

[0059] Step S420: Obtain the high-frequency power component output in step S300. ;Will As the total input power command for the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer array at time t, that is:

[0060] in, The input power of the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer array at time t; this power command contains a rapid fluctuation component, the rate of change of which exceeds the ramp-up capability of the alkaline electrolyzer, but is within the response capability range of the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer.

[0061] Step S430, to and The outputs are sent to step S500 for rotation scheduling and power allocation between the electrolyzers within the alkaline electrolyzer array and between the electrolyzers within the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer array.

[0062] Through the above allocation method, the alkaline electrolyzer only undertakes the low-frequency power portion that it can stably track, avoiding power tracking deviation and additional stress loss caused by allocating high-frequency tasks, and maintaining the economic advantage of the alkaline electrolyzer in operation; the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer concentrates on undertaking the high-frequency power portion, making full use of its rapid response capability, so that the array as a whole can meet the response speed requirements of the power grid load support; this allocation method also avoids occupying the regulation capacity of the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer for steady-state power tasks, so that the high-cost installed resources of the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer are concentrated on processing high-frequency fluctuation components, realizing complementary utilization of the two types of electrolyzers in terms of power regulation capability.

[0063] In a specific implementation, as one embodiment, this embodiment provides a method for dynamically adjusting the power task priority based on the cumulative operating status information of the electrolyzer, which corresponds to the content recorded in step S500; in step S400, the low-frequency power portion... Distribute to alkaline electrolytic cell array, and distribute high-frequency power portion After being allocated to the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer array, the power needs to be further distributed to each specific electrolyzer within each type of array. During long-term operation, if power tasks are allocated only in an equal distribution or fixed sequence, the cumulative operating time, number of start-ups and shutdowns, and load variation of different electrolyzers will gradually diverge due to differences in the power regulation tasks they undertake and the number of start-ups and shutdowns. Some electrolyzers will be in a high-load or frequent start-up and shutdown state for a long time, accelerating their lifespan degradation; some electrolyzers will be in a low-load or idle state for a long time, resulting in insufficient utilization. In addition, when an electrolyzer is restarted from a cold state, it needs to undergo a preheating process, which consumes additional energy and causes thermal stress impact on the electrodes and membrane modules, further aggravating lifespan loss. Therefore, a rotation scheduling mechanism needs to be established among the electrolyzers to dynamically adjust the priority of power task allocation, so that the lifespan loss of each electrolyzer in the array tends to be balanced and the frequency of cold start-ups is reduced.

[0064] Based on the above analysis, this embodiment establishes a rotation scheduling method that combines lifetime loss indicators with thermal status. For each electrolyzer in the array, a lifetime loss indicator is constructed based on its historical cumulative operating time, number of start-ups and shutdowns, and load variation amplitude to quantify the degree of consumption of the electrolyzer during its operation. Simultaneously, the thermal status of each electrolyzer is monitored in real time to determine whether it is in a heat preservation state or a cold state. Prioritizing electrolyzers with lower lifetime loss indicators and in a heat preservation state to undertake power tasks, a priority sequence is constructed, and power allocation is performed according to this sequence. To further reduce energy loss caused by cold start-ups, the rotation scheduling adopts a time-sharing and cell-based approach, alternately calling different electrolyzers at different times, and prioritizing the use of electrolyzers in a heat preservation state to undertake adjustment tasks, ensuring that electrolyzers in a cold state are only included in the rotation sequence after their heat preservation state is restored. The specific steps are as follows: Step S510: For each electrolytic cell in the array, construct a lifetime loss index; for the i-th electrolytic cell, obtain its cumulative operating time. This parameter represents the total operating time of the electrolyzer since its commissioning, in hours; it also indicates the cumulative number of start-ups and shutdowns. This parameter represents the number of start-up and shutdown cycles experienced by the electrolyzer, and is dimensionless; it is used to obtain the load variation range. This parameter represents the sum of the cumulative absolute values ​​of the output power changes during the power adjustment process of the electrolytic cell, in kilowatts. To eliminate the dimensional differences between the factors and give the life loss index a definite physical meaning, the above three factors are normalized respectively: Total running time Divide by the design operating life of alkaline electrolyzers or proton exchange membrane electrolyzers To obtain the runtime loss rate This ratio is dimensionless and represents the proportion of the design life that has been in operation. Total number of start / stop times Divide by the maximum number of start-stop cycles allowed by the electrolytic cell design. The loss rate of start-stop cycles is obtained. This ratio is dimensionless and represents the proportion of the number of start-stop cycles that have occurred to the number of cycles allowed by the design. Load variation Divide by the rated power of the electrolytic cell Total load variation allowed by design The product of these two factors yields the load variation loss rate. This ratio is dimensionless; among which, The equivalent full-amplitude load change cycle number allowed by the design reflects the total cumulative power regulation that the electrolyzer can withstand during its design life, and its unit is cycles; The unit is power multiplied by the number of times, and the magnitude of load change. The dimensions are consistent; By weighted summing the three dimensionless loss parameters mentioned above, a lifetime loss index can be constructed. , represented as:

[0065] in, , , These are weighting coefficients, all of which are dimensionless positive numbers and satisfy the following conditions: It is used to reflect the relative contribution of each factor to the life loss; the weighting coefficient is determined based on the type of electrolytic cell, historical operating data and life test results; It is a dimensionless comprehensive index with a value between 0 and 1. The smaller the value, the lower the cumulative life loss of the electrolytic cell and the greater the remaining usable life margin.

[0066] Step S520: Monitor the thermal status of each electrolyzer in real time; the thermal status includes operating temperature and insulation status; for alkaline electrolyzers, the insulation time threshold is determined based on their heat capacity and insulation performance; when the electrolyzer is in operation or the shutdown time does not exceed the insulation time threshold, it is determined to be in insulation status, and no preheating is required before startup; when the shutdown time exceeds the insulation time threshold, it is determined to be in cold status, and a preheating procedure must be performed before startup; for proton exchange membrane electrolyzers, due to their smaller heat capacity, the insulation time threshold is relatively short.

[0067] Step S530: Combining lifetime loss indicators and thermal state, construct a priority sequence for the power tasks undertaken by each electrolyzer; the priority ranking rule is: lifetime loss indicators The smaller the value of the electrolytic cell, the greater its remaining usable life margin, and the higher its priority. Under the condition of similar life loss index, electrolytic cells in the heat preservation state are given a higher priority than electrolytic cells in the cold state. Electrolytic cells in the cold state are ranked at the end of the priority sequence. They are only put back into the rotation sequence when all electrolytic cells in the heat preservation state fail to meet the power allocation conditions.

[0068] Step S540: According to the priority sequence, assign the power tasks that the alkaline electrolyzer array needs to undertake. The power tasks that the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer array needs to undertake The power is allocated to each electrolyzer. The allocation employs a time-sharing and cell-specific approach: Time-sharing means that higher-priority electrolyzer combinations are alternately selected to handle the main power tasks during different scheduling periods, while the remaining electrolyzers maintain low power or insulation status, causing the cumulative operating time and start-stop frequency of each electrolyzer to alternately increase during different periods; Cell-specific means that within the same time period, low-frequency power is preferentially handled by higher-priority alkaline electrolyzers, and high-frequency power is preferentially handled by higher-priority proton exchange membrane electrolyzers; During the allocation process, priority is given to electrolyzers in insulation status to reduce preheating energy consumption and thermal stress damage caused by cold starts.

[0069] Step S550: After each scheduling cycle ends, update the cumulative running time of each electrolytic cell. Number of starts and stops and load variation range Recalculate the life loss index The system updates the hot status information; in the next scheduling cycle, a new round-robin scheduling is executed based on the updated priority sequence to achieve dynamic adjustment.

[0070] Through the aforementioned rotation scheduling method, the cumulative operating time, number of start-ups and shutdowns, and load variation of each electrolyzer in the array tend to be balanced, avoiding premature lifespan degradation of individual electrolyzers due to long-term high-frequency and high-intensity power regulation tasks; the lifespan loss index can directly reflect the relative size of the remaining lifespan margin of each electrolyzer; priority is given to using electrolyzers in the heat preservation state to undertake power tasks, reducing the frequency of cold starts, reducing the preheating energy consumption during cold starts, and mitigating the cyclic impact of thermal stress on the electrolyzer structure; the time-sharing and cell-sharing allocation method further rationally distributes the low-frequency power portion and the high-frequency power portion within their respective suitable electrolyzer types, so that the array as a whole can meet the grid load support requirements while maintaining long-term operational reliability and economy.

[0071] This embodiment provides a control method for a new energy hydrogen production system, which applies the aforementioned heterogeneous electrolyzer array optimization control method to the operation and regulation of a complete new energy hydrogen production system. The new energy hydrogen production system includes wind power or photovoltaic power generation units, heterogeneous electrolyzer arrays, and array control units. The heterogeneous electrolyzer array consists of alkaline electrolyzers and proton exchange membrane electrolyzers. Each electrolyzer is equipped with a monitoring module to collect real-time information on power output, cumulative operating time, number of start-ups and shutdowns, and thermal status. The array control unit is communicatively connected to each monitoring module and simultaneously receives new energy power forecasts from the new energy power plant and grid load support instructions from the grid dispatch center. Within each scheduling cycle, the array control unit executes the following control procedure: acquiring the predicted power time series of new energy sources. and power grid load support instructions ;right Perform variational mode decomposition to extract high-frequency modal components. As the fluctuation component characterizing the fluctuation characteristics of new energy power, it is compared with... The initial total input power is obtained by superposition. ;Will The final total input power is obtained by comparing and correcting with the operable power domain. ;right Variational mode decomposition was performed again to separate the low-frequency power component. and high-frequency power section ;Will The total input power command is allocated to the alkaline electrolyzer array. The total input power command is allocated to the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer array. Within each electrolyzer array, a priority sequence is constructed based on the life loss index and thermal state of each electrolyzer. Time-sharing and cell-by-cell rotation scheduling is performed according to the priority sequence, prioritizing the use of electrolyzers in the heat preservation state to undertake power tasks. Each electrolyzer performs power adjustment according to the allocated power command and feeds back the actual operating status to the array control unit, forming a closed-loop control. Through the above-mentioned control process, the new energy hydrogen production system simultaneously achieves two functions: new energy power consumption and grid load support. The alkaline electrolyzer undertakes the task of low-frequency steady-state power to maximize operating economy, while the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer undertakes the task of high-frequency fluctuating power to provide rapid response capability. The rotation scheduling makes the lifespan loss of each electrolyzer in the array tend to be balanced.

[0072] This embodiment provides an electronic device for executing the aforementioned heterogeneous electrolytic cell array optimization control method; The electronic device includes a memory and at least one processor. The memory stores instructions containing computer program code corresponding to each step in the aforementioned heterogeneous electrolyzer array optimization control method. The processor is coupled to the memory. When the processor executes the instructions stored in the memory, it implements the following control process: configuring a heterogeneous electrolyzer array composed of alkaline electrolyzers and proton exchange membrane electrolyzers, and establishing the operating constraints of each electrolyzer and the operable power domain of the array; acquiring the predicted power of new energy sources and the grid load support instructions, constructing the total input power task and performing operating domain correction; performing variational mode decomposition on the corrected total input power task to separate the low-frequency power component and the high-frequency power component; allocating the low-frequency power component to the alkaline electrolyzer array and the high-frequency power component to the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer array; constructing a lifetime loss index based on the cumulative operating time, number of start-ups and shutdowns, and load change amplitude of each electrolyzer, determining the priority of the power task undertaken by each electrolyzer in conjunction with real-time thermal state information, and performing rotation scheduling according to the priority. The electronic device can be an industrial control computer, an embedded controller, or a programmable logic controller, and is deployed in the array control unit of the hydrogen production station; the memory can include random access memory and non-volatile memory, and the processor communicates with the memory and the monitoring module of each electrolyzer through a bus to obtain operating data in real time and issue power commands to realize the operation control of the heterogeneous electrolyzer array.

[0073] This embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the aforementioned heterogeneous electrolytic cell array optimization control method. The computer-readable storage medium includes a non-transitory storage medium, specifically a read-only memory, flash memory, disk, or optical disk; the computer program includes a first program module to a fifth program module; when the first program module is executed by the processor, it configures a heterogeneous electrolyzer array composed of an alkaline electrolyzer and a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer, establishes minimum operating power constraints, power ramp-up rate constraints, heat retention constraints, and load adjustment reserve constraints for the alkaline electrolyzer, and wide power adjustment range constraints, rapid start-up and shutdown constraints, overload operation capability constraints, and load adjustment reserve constraints for the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer, and determines the operable power domain of the array; when the second program module is executed by the processor, it obtains the predicted power of new energy sources and grid load support instructions. The first module performs variational mode decomposition on the predicted power of new energy sources and extracts high-frequency components. These components are then superimposed with the grid load support command to construct the total input power task, which is then corrected based on the operable power domain. When the processor executes the third module, it performs variational mode decomposition on the corrected total input power task, separating the low-frequency power component and the high-frequency power component. When the processor executes the fourth module, it allocates the low-frequency power component to the alkaline electrolyzer and the high-frequency power component to the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer. When the processor executes the fifth module, it constructs a lifetime loss index based on the cumulative operating time, number of start-ups and shutdowns, and load change amplitude of each electrolyzer, determines the priority sequence based on thermal state information, and executes time-sharing and cell-based rotation scheduling. Through the coordinated execution of the aforementioned program modules, the computer program enables the processor to perform full-process control of power allocation and rotation scheduling for the heterogeneous electrolytic cell array, achieving a balance between new energy consumption and grid leveling load support, and balancing the lifespan loss of each electrolytic cell within the array.

[0074] Although this application has been described in conjunction with specific features and embodiments, it is obvious that various modifications and combinations can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Accordingly, this specification and drawings are merely exemplary illustrations of the application as defined herein, and are to be considered as covering any and all modifications, variations, combinations, or equivalents within the scope of this application. Clearly, those skilled in the art can make various alterations and modifications to this application without departing from its scope. Thus, if such modifications and modifications fall within the scope of this application and its equivalents, this application intends to include such modifications and modifications.

Claims

1. A method for optimized control of heterogeneous electrolytic cell arrays oriented towards leveled load support, characterized in that, include: Configure a heterogeneous electrolytic cell array consisting of electrolytic cells with different power regulation characteristics; The heterogeneous electrolytic cell array includes at least a first type of electrolytic cell and a second type of electrolytic cell; The total input power task of the heterogeneous electrolyzer array is determined, and the total input power task includes a fluctuation part characterizing the fluctuation characteristics of new energy power and a grid load support command part; The task of determining the total input power of a heterogeneous electrolyzer array includes: The predicted new energy power is subjected to the first variational mode decomposition to obtain multiple mode components with different center frequencies. Based on the center frequency of each mode component, the mode component with the highest center frequency is determined as the fluctuation part. Obtain the grid load support command section; Add the fluctuation section and the grid load support command section values ​​at each moment to obtain the total input power task; The total input power task is decomposed based on frequency characteristics to obtain a low-frequency power component and a high-frequency power component, including: A second variational mode decomposition is performed on the total input power task, resulting in K modal components with different center frequencies. Based on the center frequency of each modal component, the modal components are divided into a low-frequency modal component group and a high-frequency modal component group. The low-frequency power component is obtained by summing the modal components in the low-frequency modal component group. Summing the modal components in the high-frequency modal component group yields the high-frequency power component. And satisfy: ； ； in, The k-th modal component obtained from the second variational mode decomposition, where K is the preset number of modes, m is the boundary index between the low-frequency modal component group and the high-frequency modal component group, the first m modal components are low-frequency modal components, and the (m+1)-th to K-th modal components are high-frequency modal components. The low-frequency power portion is allocated to the first type of electrolytic cell, and the high-frequency power portion is allocated to the second type of electrolytic cell. Furthermore, based on the cumulative operating status information of each electrolytic cell, the priority of the power tasks undertaken by each electrolytic cell is dynamically adjusted to balance the lifespan loss of the electrolytic cells within the array.

2. The method for optimized control of heterogeneous electrolytic cell arrays oriented towards leveled load support according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first type of electrolytic cell is an alkaline electrolytic cell, and the second type of electrolytic cell is a proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell.

3. The method for optimized control of heterogeneous electrolytic cell arrays oriented towards leveled load support according to claim 2, characterized in that, The operational constraints of the alkaline electrolyzer include minimum operating power constraints, power ramp-up rate constraints, heat retention constraints, and load increase for standby constraints. The operational constraints of the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer include wide power adjustment range constraints, rapid start-up and shutdown constraints, overload operation capability constraints, and load adjustment standby constraints. The operational power domain of the heterogeneous electrolyzer array is established by considering the respective operational constraints of the alkaline electrolyzer and the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer.

4. The method for optimized control of heterogeneous electrolytic cell arrays oriented towards leveled load support according to claim 3, characterized in that, Before performing a frequency-based decomposition of the total input power task, the following steps are also included: Based on the upper and lower limits of the operating power of the heterogeneous electrolytic cell array, the total input power task is subjected to operating domain correction.

5. The method for optimized control of heterogeneous electrolytic cell arrays oriented towards leveled load support according to claim 4, characterized in that, The operational domain correction includes: When the total input power task is positive, the total input power task is corrected to be no less than the minimum operating power of a single alkaline electrolyzer and no greater than the difference between the array overload operating power limit and the power margin. The power margin is used to ensure that at least one electrolyzer is kept in the rated power operating state to perform rotation scheduling. When the total input power task is negative, the total input power task is corrected until its absolute value does not exceed the absolute value of the total absorbed power of the array at the previous scheduling time, so as to prevent power overshoot.

6. The method for optimized control of heterogeneous electrolytic cell arrays oriented towards leveled load support according to claim 5, characterized in that, Based on the cumulative operating status information of each electrolyzer, the priority of the power tasks undertaken by each electrolyzer is dynamically adjusted, including: Based on the cumulative operating time, number of start-ups and shutdowns, and load variation of each electrolyzer, a lifespan loss index is constructed. The priority of each electrolyzer is determined at least based on the life loss index.

7. The method for optimized control of heterogeneous electrolytic cell arrays oriented towards leveled load support according to claim 6, characterized in that, The priority of each electrolytic cell is determined at least based on the aforementioned lifespan loss index, including: Real-time monitoring of the thermal status of each electrolytic cell, including operating temperature and heat preservation status; The priority is determined by combining the life loss index and the thermal state, so that the electrolytic cell with a smaller life loss index value and a thermal state of heat preservation has a higher priority.

8. The method for optimized control of heterogeneous electrolytic cell arrays oriented towards leveled load support according to claim 7, characterized in that, The rotation scheduling adopts a time-sharing and cell-sharing method, which allocates the low-frequency power part and the high-frequency power part to different electrolytic cells, and prioritizes the use of electrolytic cells in the heat preservation state to reduce energy loss caused by cold start.

9. A control method for a new energy hydrogen production system, characterized in that, include: Obtain forecasted power generation from new energy sources and grid load support instructions; The method for optimizing control of heterogeneous electrolytic cell arrays based on leveled load support as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 is used to determine the low-frequency power portion and high-frequency power portion borne by each electrolytic cell in the heterogeneous electrolytic cell array, and to perform rotation scheduling for each electrolytic cell. Based on the determined low-frequency power portion and high-frequency power portion undertaken by each electrolyzer, as well as the rotation scheduling results, the operation and regulation of the heterogeneous electrolyzer array are carried out to simultaneously meet the needs of new energy consumption and grid leveling load support.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: Memory, used to store instructions; And one or more processors, wherein when the instructions are executed by the one or more processors, the processors perform the heterogeneous electrolyzer array optimization control method for leveled load support as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

11. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the heterogeneous electrolytic cell array optimization control method for leveled load support as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

Images