A system and method for generating electricity using abandoned mine gravity energy storage

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of to utilize abandoned mine gravity energy storage power generation system and method, it is related to abandoned mine utilization and gravity energy storage power generation field, the power generation system utilizes abandoned mine existing shaft and main roadway, transforms cage as lifting carrier, retrofits mine car as gravity block to carry out energy conversion, and according to peak-valley electricity price time period carries out power generation energy storage;Power generation system includes: transformer substation;Winch room, one end of each motor generator is electrically connected with transformer substation, and the other end of each motor generator is connected with runner;At least two shafts, ground and underground of each shaft have ground dispatch yard and underground dispatch yard respectively;At least two cage assemblies, cage assembly is used to load and unload mine car, and is configured as one of cages heavy load downlink power generation or heavy load uplink energy storage, wherein the other cage is empty load uplink or empty load downlink;Dispatching room, based on grid demand control system operation;The application has low construction cost, power generation is stable, and effectively utilizes mine solid waste.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of abandoned mine utilization and gravity energy storage power generation, and particularly to a gravity energy storage power generation system and method for abandoned mines. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of the global energy structure transitioning towards renewable energy sources dominated by wind and solar power, mitigating the inherent intermittency and volatility of these sources and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the new power system has become a key challenge. Energy storage technology, especially that with long-term regulation capabilities, is essential for achieving daily, weekly, and even monthly energy balance in the power system. In this context, gravity energy storage, as a physical principle-based energy storage technology, has attracted widespread attention due to its advantages such as long lifespan, environmental friendliness, and low cost per kilowatt-hour. Essentially, it converts surplus electrical energy into gravitational potential energy by lifting a heavy object, storing it, and releasing the potential energy to generate electricity when needed by lowering the object.

[0003] With some mines nearing the end of their life cycle, a large number of coal mines have been phased out and become abandoned mines. Abandoned mines possess immense potential value due to their vast underground resource space, existing deep vertical tunnels, and operating equipment. Domestic and international experience in the resource development and utilization of abandoned mines is already well-established, including the construction of underground gas storage facilities, deep-earth scientific laboratories, underground hospitals, underground cold storage facilities, compressed air energy storage for power generation, and pumped-storage hydroelectric power generation. Energy storage power generation in abandoned mines mainly includes compressed air energy storage, pumped-storage hydroelectric power generation, and gravity energy storage. However, compressed air energy storage facilities have high construction costs and are subject to leakage risks; pumped-storage hydroelectric reservoirs and waterproofing projects have high construction costs and face problems such as water shortages and water pollution. In contrast, gravity energy storage power generation in abandoned mines is simple, can fully utilize existing shafts, tunnels, and operating equipment, has low costs and fewer limiting factors, offers good economic and environmental benefits, and has broad application prospects.

[0004] Existing gravity energy storage systems in abandoned mines suffer from the following problems: ① They merely use the abandoned mine shaft as a storage space for heavy objects, converting energy for simultaneous energy storage and power generation, without improving economic efficiency; ② Existing mine transportation equipment has low power generation efficiency; ③ Indiscriminately increasing the mass of gravity blocks requires large support columns, beams, and cables, posing high structural safety risks and high construction costs; ④ Single-shaft power generation and storage results in low power generation efficiency and unstable grid load. In summary, existing gravity energy storage systems do not truly utilize existing abandoned mine shafts and operating equipment for peak-shaving energy storage and power generation, resulting in low power generation efficiency and significant safety hazards. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This solution addresses the problems and needs raised above by proposing a gravity energy storage power generation system and method for abandoned mines. Due to the adoption of the following technical features, it can achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives and bring about several other technical effects.

[0006] One object of the present invention is to provide a gravity energy storage and power generation system for abandoned mines, comprising: Substations are connected to the power grid via power lines; The winch house includes at least two electric generators and at least two impellers, wherein one end of each electric generator is electrically connected to the substation, and the other end of each electric generator is connected to the impellers; wherein the electric generators are capable of switching between generating power or driving. There are at least two shafts, each with a surface dispatch yard and an underground dispatch yard, both used for mine car storage and dispatching. At least two cage assemblies are installed on at least two corresponding shafts. Each cage assembly includes two cages, a wire rope, and a sheave. The sheave is pivotally mounted at the opening of the shaft and connected to the rotating wheel via a rope, causing the rotating wheel to rotate synchronously with the sheave. The wire rope is wound around the sheave and connected to a cage at each end. The sheave rotates synchronously with the upward or downward movement of the cages on both sides within the shaft. The cage assembly is used for loading and unloading mine cars and is configured such that one cage moves downward under heavy load to generate electricity or moves upward under heavy load to store energy, while the other cage moves upward or downward without load. At least two cage assemblies had asynchronous loading and unloading times for their mining cars.

[0007] Furthermore, the gravity energy storage and power generation system for abandoned mines according to the present invention may also have the following technical features: In one example of the present invention, at least two shafts are centrally parallel ventilation shafts in abandoned mines, with both the main and auxiliary shafts located in the center of the minefield.

[0008] In one example of the present invention, at least two cage assemblies lift the weight blocks of the mine car from bottom to top to the ground dispatch yard for energy storage during periods of low power load, and convert potential energy into electrical energy by moving the cage from top to bottom during periods of high power demand to generate electricity, forming a power generation and energy storage cycle.

[0009] In one example of the present invention, the ground dispatch yard includes: a ground dispatch line, a ground parking line, and a ground car-switching line, wherein the ground dispatch line extends along a direction away from both sides of the shaft and is configured for loading and unloading mine cars in the cage on the ground; the ground parking line is parallel to the ground dispatch line and located on one side of the ground dispatch line, and is configured for parking mine cars on the ground; the ground car-switching line connects the ground dispatch line and the ground parking line and is configured as a route for turning the running direction of the ground mine car power head.

[0010] In one example of the invention, a switch is provided between the ground parking line and the ground derailment line, and is configured to transfer a mine car from one of the ground parking line and the ground derailment line to the other.

[0011] In one example of the present invention, the underground dispatch yard includes: an underground dispatch line, an underground parking line, and an underground car-switching line. The underground dispatch line is set along the extension direction of the transport gate or auxiliary transport gate and is configured for underground loading and unloading of mine cars in the cage. The underground parking line is set along one side of the transport roadway or auxiliary transport roadway and is configured for underground parking of mine cars. The underground car-switching line is set along the other side of the transport roadway or auxiliary transport roadway and is configured as a route for turning the running direction of the underground mine car power head.

[0012] In one example of the present invention, it further includes: a dispatch room control system coupled to the cage assembly, configured to calculate the optimal operating parameters of the cage based on grid demand, and to coordinately control the cage operating speed and the loading and unloading sequence of the mine cars, so that the mine cars can perform a reversible operating mode of heavy load down-generation-no-load up or heavy load up-energy storage-no-load down, thereby realizing dynamic optimization scheduling of energy storage power generation efficiency and power generation.

[0013] In one example of the present invention, it further includes: a data acquisition system coupled to the dispatch room control system, configured to collect the actual weight of the mine car after loading and unloading and the actual operating parameters of the cage, and feed them back to the dispatch room control system in real time, so that the dispatch room control system can correct the dispatch strategy for the next cycle, forming a closed-loop adaptive control of decision-making-underground execution-data feedback.

[0014] Another object of the present invention is to provide a power generation method using an abandoned mine gravity energy storage power generation system as described above, comprising the following steps: S10: Calculate the optimal operating parameters of the cage based on grid demand, and execute the power generation or energy storage actions of the cage components; S20: During the power generation period, in each cage assembly, the cage located at the upper part of the shaft is loaded with cars, and the cage located at the lower part of the shaft is unloaded. The cage equipped with the mine cars moves from top to bottom, converting potential energy into electrical energy. After the cage falls to the bottom of the shaft, the mine cars are transferred from the cage to the bottom dispatch yard for storage. During the energy storage period, in each cage assembly, the cage located at the upper part of the shaft is unloaded, and the cage located at the lower part of the shaft is loaded with cars. The cage is used to lift the weight blocks of the mine cars from bottom to top to the ground dispatch yard for storage, converting electrical energy into potential energy.

[0015] In one example of the present invention, in step S20, when the cage assembly is performing power generation or energy storage operations, while one cage assembly in one shaft is performing loading and unloading of mine cars, the cage assembly in another shaft is performing power generation or energy storage operations.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention can make full use of the existing shaft roadway structure and cage mine car device in abandoned mines, and use mine gangue to cast mine cars as counterweights, which greatly reduces the construction cost and time of vertical shaft gravity energy storage system, and effectively realizes the disposal of mine solid waste.

[0017] 2. This invention generates and stores energy based on peak and valley electricity price periods, better achieving "peak shaving and valley filling" and improving the energy efficiency and economic benefits of gravity energy storage technology.

[0018] 3. This invention uses at least two wells for gravity energy storage and power generation, ensuring the system can continuously output power during power generation periods, improving power supply stability, and ensuring the stable operation of the power system.

[0019] The preferred embodiments of the invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, so as to facilitate an understanding of the features and advantages of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below. The drawings are merely illustrative of some embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention to all embodiments.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a gravity energy storage and power generation system for abandoned mines according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the power generation and energy storage cycle according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a single-wellbore power generation and energy storage cycle mode according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the complementary operation and loading / unloading mode of the dual shafts according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the dual-shaft operation and loading / unloading cycle according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of cage modification and track limiting according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a ground dispatching yard and turnouts according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the well bottom dispatching yard (peak power generation) according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a well bottom dispatching yard (off-peak energy storage) according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 10 This is a connection diagram illustrating the scheduling and control principle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] List of reference numerals in the attached diagram: Power grid 200; Power generation system 100; Substation 10; Winch room 20; Electric generator 21; Rotary wheel 22; shaft 30; Ground dispatching depot 31; Ground dispatch line 311; Ground parking line 312; Ground derailment line 313; Turnout 314; Underground dispatch yard 32; Underground dispatch line 321; Underground parking line 322; Underground derailment line 323; Underground control room 324; Cage assembly 40; Heavenly Wheel 41; 42 steel wire rope; Cage 43; Mining car 44; Rope rotation 45; Truss 46; Data acquisition system 50; Dispatch room control system 60; Ground dispatch and control center 61; Downhole dispatch and control center 62. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings represent the same components. It should be noted that the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this patent application specification and claims do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, “an” or “a” and similar terms do not necessarily indicate a quantity limitation. Terms such as “comprising” or “including” mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the element or object listed following the word and its equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as “connected” or “linked” are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as “upper,” “lower,” “left,” and “right” are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; these relative positional relationships may change accordingly when the absolute position of the described object changes.

[0025] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a gravity energy storage and power generation system 100 utilizing abandoned mine shafts is provided, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes: Substation 10 is electrically connected to power grid 200 via power lines; The winch house 20 includes at least two electric generators 21 and at least two impellers 22, wherein one end of each electric generator 21 is electrically connected to the substation 10, and the other end of each electric generator 21 is connected to the impeller 22; wherein the electric generator 21 is capable of switching between generating or driving actions. At least two shafts 30, each shaft 30 having a surface dispatch yard 31 and an underground dispatch yard 32, and both the surface dispatch yard 31 and the underground dispatch yard 32 are used for the storage and dispatch of mine cars 44. At least two cage assemblies 40 are installed on at least two corresponding shafts 30. Each cage assembly 40 includes two cages 43, a wire rope 42, and a sheave 41. A truss 46 is erected on the shaft 30. The sheave 41 is pivotally connected to the truss 46 and is located at the opening of the shaft 30. It is connected to the rotating wheel 22 by a rotating rope 45 so that the rotating wheel 22 and the sheave 41 rotate synchronously. The wire rope 42 is wound around the sheave 41 and is connected to a cage 43 at each end. The sheave 41 rotates synchronously with the upward or downward movement of the cages 43 on both sides within the shaft 30. The cage assembly 40 is used for loading and unloading mine cars 44. It is configured such that one cage 43 is loaded and moves downward to generate electricity or is loaded and moves upward to store energy, while the other cage 43 moves upward or downward without load. Among them, the loading and unloading times of the mine cars 44 of at least two cage assemblies 40 are not synchronized.

[0026] Specifically, the working principle of this power generation system 100 is as follows: Based on the demand of the power grid 200, the optimal operating parameters of the cage 43 are calculated, and the power generation or energy storage action of the cage assembly 40 is executed. During the power generation period, in each cage assembly 40, the cage 43 located at the upper part of the shaft 30 is loaded, and the cage 43 located at the lower part of the shaft 30 is unloaded. The cage 43 equipped with the mine car 44 moves from top to bottom, converting potential energy into electrical energy. That is, the cage 43 drives the sheave 41 to rotate in the opposite direction, and under the action of the rotating rope 45, it drives the rotating wheel 22 to rotate synchronously, thereby driving the electric generator 21 to generate electricity. Mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. After the cage 43 falls to the bottom of the shaft, the mine car 44 is transferred from the cage 43 to the bottom dispatch yard for storage. During the energy storage period, in each cage assembly 40, the cage 43 located at the upper part of the shaft 30 is unloaded, and the cage 43 located at the lower part of the shaft 30 is loaded. The cage 43 is used to lift the weight block of the mine car 44 from bottom to top to the ground dispatch yard 31 for storage. The electrical energy is converted into potential energy, that is, the electric generator 21 drives the wheel 22 to rotate, and under the action of the rotating rope 45, it drives the top wheel 41 to rotate synchronously in the positive direction, thereby driving the cage 43 to move from bottom to top.

[0027] Understandably, electric generators possess two mutually reversible functional modes: Electric mode (providing driving force to the outside): When the device obtains electrical energy from an external power source (such as a battery or power grid), its internal rotor / stator generates electromagnetic torque, converting electrical energy into mechanical energy, and providing driving force to external loads (such as wheels, propellers, or compressors) through the output shaft or coupling. Generating mode (generating electricity): When an external power source (such as an engine shaft, water flow, or wind power) drives the device's rotor to rotate, it utilizes the principle of electromagnetic induction to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, providing power to external circuits or batteries.

[0028] The power generation system 100 can make full use of the existing shaft 30 roadway structure and cage 43 mine car 44 device in the abandoned mine, and uses mine gangue to cast the mine car 44 as a counterweight, which greatly reduces the construction cost and time of the vertical shaft gravity energy storage system, and effectively realizes the disposal of mine solid waste.

[0029] The power generation system generates and stores energy according to peak and valley electricity price periods, which better realizes "peak shaving and valley filling" and improves the energy efficiency and economic benefits of gravity energy storage technology.

[0030] The power generation system 100 uses at least two wells 30 for gravity energy storage and power generation, ensuring the system can continuously output power during the power generation period, improving power supply stability and ensuring the stable operation of the power system.

[0031] Preferably, the cage 43 needs to be modified into a dedicated lifting platform for mine cars 44 to increase the number of mine cars 44 that can be carried. Based on the size of the mine cars 44, the commonly used two-layer structure of the cage 43 is modified into a four-layer structure to serve as the mine car 44 compartment. The height of each layer of the mine car 44 compartment is designed to be 1300mm to ensure the normal loading and unloading of 5t fixed mine cars 44. The gravity block of the mine car 44 utilizes the existing fixed mine cars 44 in the mine, and the interior is made of gangue cast into a single piece to serve as the gravity block, so as to improve the individual mass of the mine car 44. A mine car track with a track gauge of 600mm is set at the bottom of the mine car compartment, and a parking limit device is installed. The cage modification needs to be adapted according to the actual situation of the mine, and the size of the mine car compartment is related to the actual cage size and mine car model.

[0032] The gravity block for the mine car utilizes existing fixed mine cars in the mine, with the interior constructed of cast gangue to act as a single gravity block, thereby increasing the individual weight of the mine car. Based on a fixed mine car with a loading capacity of 5 tons, a track gauge of 600 mm, a car weight of 1330 kg, and external dimensions of 3000 mm × 1200 mm × 1200 mm (length × width × height), the car has a volume of 2 m³. 3 The interior of the mine car is made of mine gangue and cast into a whole. The total mass of the mine car's gravity block can exceed 6t, which increases the mass of the mine car's gravity block and realizes solid waste disposal.

[0033] In one example of the present invention, at least two shafts are centrally parallel ventilation shafts in abandoned mines, with both the main and auxiliary shafts located in the center of the minefield. The system possesses at least two shafts capable of coordinated energy storage and power generation; during coordinated energy storage and power generation, the loading and unloading times of mine cars in the two shafts are asynchronous, meaning that while mine cars are being loaded and unloaded in one shaft, the other shaft is generating electricity to ensure the stability of the power supply load.

[0034] In one example of the present invention, such as Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, at least two cage assemblies 40 lift the gravity block of the mine car 44 from bottom to top to the ground dispatch yard 31 for energy storage during the low power load period. During the peak power consumption period, the cage 43 moves from top to bottom to convert potential energy into electrical energy to generate electricity, forming a power generation and energy storage cycle.

[0035] For example, energy storage is used during periods of low electricity load, while power generation occurs during peak electricity demand. This means that electricity is consumed when prices are low and power is generated when prices are high. Power generation lasts for 16 hours a day, and energy storage lasts for 8 hours, forming a power generation and energy storage cycle. Based on the peak and valley periods of electricity demand, the energy storage period is from 0:00 to 8:00, and the power generation period is from 8:00 to 24:00. This time period division needs to be adjusted according to the peak and valley periods of electricity demand in different regions and months.

[0036] In one example of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the ground dispatch yard 31 includes: a ground dispatch line 311, a ground parking line 312, and a ground car-switching line 313. The ground dispatch line 311 extends along the direction away from both sides of the shaft 30 and is configured for loading and unloading mine cars 44 from the cage 43 on the ground. The ground parking line 312 is parallel to the ground dispatch line 311 and located on one side of it, configured for parking mine cars 44 on the ground. The ground car-switching line 313 connects the ground dispatch line 311 and the ground parking line 312, and is configured as a route for turning the power head of the mine car 44 around. The number and length of the parking lines are related to the maximum daily parking capacity of the yard and must meet the maximum daily parking demand while allowing for a margin of safety.

[0037] In one example of the invention, a switch 314 is provided between the ground parking line 312 and the ground car-switching line 313, and is configured to transfer the mine car 44 from one of the ground parking line 312 and the ground car-switching line 313 to the other.

[0038] In one example of the present invention, such as Figure 7 As shown, the underground dispatch yard 32 includes: an underground dispatch line 321, an underground parking line 322, and an underground car-switching line 323. The underground dispatch line 321 is set along the extension direction of the transport gate or auxiliary transport gate and is configured for loading and unloading mine cars 44 inside the underground cage 43. The underground parking line 322 is set along one side of the transport roadway or auxiliary transport roadway and is configured for parking mine cars 44 underground. The underground car-switching line 323 is set along the other side of the transport roadway or auxiliary transport roadway and is configured as a route for turning the power head of the underground mine cars 44 around. If necessary, parking chambers can be constructed on both sides of the transport roadway to meet the parking capacity requirements.

[0039] Preferably, the underground dispatch yard 32 further includes an underground dispatch room 324, which is converted from the original mine bottom yard. The underground dispatch control center 62, described below, is installed in the underground dispatch room 324 and configured to coordinate the dispatching above and below ground, ensure the timely operation of mine car heads, and guarantee the efficient loading and unloading process of mine cars. Under intelligent dispatching conditions at the mine bottom, the underground dispatch room 324 serves as an equipment base station chamber, and the car heads or mine cars are modified to achieve unmanned underground operations. Under manual dispatching conditions, the underground dispatch room 324 can ensure the timely loading and unloading of mine cars, monitor the operation of the underground yard, and promptly resolve underground emergencies.

[0040] In one example of the present invention, such as Figure 10 As shown, it also includes: a dispatch room control system 60, which is coupled to the cage assembly 40 and configured to calculate the optimal operating parameters of the cage 43 based on the demand of the power grid 200, and coordinately control the running speed of the cage 43 and the loading and unloading sequence of the mine car 44, so that the mine car 44 can perform a reversible operation mode of heavy load down-generation-no-load up or heavy load up-energy storage-no-load down, so as to realize the dynamic optimization scheduling of energy storage power generation efficiency and power generation.

[0041] The dispatch control system 60 includes a ground dispatch control center 61 and an underground dispatch control center 62, used to collect real-time data on energy storage power generation load, system operating conditions, and mine car 44 status. The system operates according to a closed-loop feedback link of energy storage power generation load - system operating conditions - cage 43 operating parameters - intelligent loading and unloading of mine cars 44. That is, the ground dispatch control center 61 issues target load commands based on the grid 200 demand, and the underground dispatch control center 62 receives the commands and calculates the optimal cage 43 operating parameters based on real-time operating conditions, and coordinates the control of the cage 44. The operating speed and the loading and unloading sequence of gravity blocks in the mine car 44 enable the mine car 44 to operate in a reversible mode of "heavy load down for power generation, empty load up" or "heavy load up for energy storage, empty load down", thereby realizing dynamic optimization scheduling of energy storage and power generation efficiency and power generation. At the same time, the actual weight of the mine car 44 after loading and unloading and the actual operating parameters of the cage 43 are fed back to the ground dispatch control center 61 in real time. After being visualized by the dispatch display terminal, the core control module corrects the scheduling strategy for the next cycle, forming a closed-loop adaptive control of ground decision-making, underground execution and data feedback.

[0042] In one example of the present invention, such as Figure 10 As shown, it also includes: a data acquisition system 50, which is coupled to the dispatch room control system 60 and is configured to collect the actual weight of the mine car 44 after loading and unloading and the actual operating parameters of the cage 43, and feed them back to the dispatch room control system 60 in real time. The dispatch room control system 60 then corrects the dispatch strategy for the next cycle, forming a closed-loop adaptive control of decision-making, underground execution and data feedback.

[0043] It should be noted that the power generation time of shaft 30 is related to the vertical height of shaft 30 and the running speed of cage 43. Assuming the vertical height of shaft 30 is 800m and the descending speed of cage 43 is 2m / s, plus the travel time of the beginning and end buffer sections, the power generation time of a single operation is 8 minutes. The loading and unloading time of mine car 44 is controlled within 2 minutes, that is, a single power generation cycle is 10 minutes. This power generation time is related to the vertical height of shaft 30 and the buffer distance, and is adjusted according to the specific depth of shaft 30. The loading and unloading times of the two shafts 30 are not synchronized during coordinated power generation to ensure the stability of the power generation load.

[0044] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a method for generating electricity using an abandoned mine gravity energy storage power generation system 100 as described above includes the following steps: S10: Calculate the optimal operating parameters of cage 43 based on the demand of grid 200, and execute the power generation or energy storage action of cage component 40. S20: During the power generation period, in each cage assembly 40, the cage 43 located at the upper part of the shaft 30 is loaded with a car, and the cage 43 located at the lower part of the shaft 30 is unloaded. The cage 43 equipped with the mine car 44 moves from top to bottom, converting potential energy into electrical energy. After the cage 43 falls to the bottom of the shaft, the mine car 44 is transferred from the cage 43 to the bottom dispatch yard for storage. During the energy storage period, in each cage assembly 40, the cage 43 located at the upper part of the shaft 30 is unloaded, and the cage 43 located at the lower part of the shaft 30 is loaded with a car. The cage 43 is used to lift the gravity block of the mine car 44 from bottom to top to the ground dispatch yard 31 for storage, converting electrical energy into potential energy.

[0045] This power generation method can make full use of the existing shaft 30 roadway structure and cage 43 mine car 44 device in the abandoned mine, and use mine gangue to cast the mine car 44 as a counterweight, which greatly reduces the construction cost and time of the vertical shaft gravity energy storage system, and effectively realizes the disposal of mine solid waste.

[0046] This power generation method generates and stores energy based on peak and off-peak electricity price periods, better achieving "peak shaving and valley filling" and improving the energy efficiency and economic benefits of gravity energy storage technology.

[0047] This power generation method uses at least two wellbores 30 for gravity energy storage and power generation, ensuring the system can continuously output power during the power generation period, improving power supply stability, and ensuring the stable operation of the power system.

[0048] In one example of the present invention, in step S20, when the cage assembly 40 is performing power generation or energy storage operation, while one cage assembly 40 in one shaft 30 is loading and unloading the mine car 44, the cage assembly 40 in another shaft 30 is performing power generation or energy storage operation.

[0049] In other words, when one of the cage assemblies 40 is generating electricity, that is, one cage 43 of the cage assembly 40 is generating electricity while the other cage 43 is generating electricity while the other cage 43 is generating electricity while the other cage assembly 40 is generating electricity while the other cage assembly 40 is generating electricity while the other cage 43 is generating electricity while the other cage 40 ....

[0050] Specific examples: like Figure 2 As shown, this invention discloses a method for generating electricity using gravity energy storage in abandoned mines. Energy is stored during periods of low electricity load and generated during peak electricity demand periods; that is, electricity is consumed when prices are low and generated when prices are high. Generation occurs for 16 hours a day, with 8 hours of energy storage, forming a power generation and energy storage cycle. Based on peak and off-peak electricity demand periods, the energy storage period is 0:00-8:00, and the power generation period is 8:00-24:00. This time period division needs to be adjusted according to the peak and off-peak electricity demand periods in different regions and months.

[0051] like Figure 3 As shown, during the power generation period, the upper cage is loaded with ore cars, and the lower cage is unloaded. The cage, equipped with the gravity blocks of the ore cars, moves from top to bottom, converting potential energy into electrical energy. After the cage falls to the bottom of the shaft, the ore cars are transferred from the cage to the bottom dispatch yard for storage. During the energy storage period, the upper cage is unloaded, and the lower cage is loaded. The cage is used to lift the gravity blocks of the ore cars from bottom to top to the ground dispatch yard for storage, converting electrical energy into potential energy.

[0052] like Figure 4 As shown, abandoned mines are selected as centrally parallel ventilation mines, with both main and auxiliary shafts located in the center of the minefield, possessing at least the conditions for dual-shaft collaborative energy storage and power generation; when dual-shaft collaborative energy storage and power generation is used, the loading and unloading times of mine cars in the two shafts are not synchronized, that is, when mine cars are being loaded and unloaded in one shaft, the other shaft is operating and generating electricity to ensure the stability of the power supply load.

[0053] like Figure 5 As shown, the power generation time during shaft operation is related to the vertical height of the shaft and the speed of the cage. Assuming a vertical shaft height of 800m and a cage descent speed of 2m / s, plus the time spent in the initial and final buffer sections, the power generation time for a single operation is 8 minutes. The loading and unloading time for mine cars is controlled within 2 minutes, meaning a single power generation cycle is 10 minutes. This power generation time is related to the vertical height of the shaft and the buffer distance, and is adjusted according to the specific shaft depth. The loading and unloading times for dual-shaft coordinated power generation are asynchronous to ensure the stability of the power generation load. After a single power generation cycle, the lower cage unloads the mine cars from the cage to the bottom dispatch yard for storage, while the upper cage simultaneously loads the mine cars from the ground dispatch yard into the cage's mine car hold. The loading and unloading of the upper and lower cages must be completed within 2 minutes. This power generation time is related to the vertical height of the shaft and the buffer distance, and is adjusted according to the specific shaft depth.

[0054] like Figure 6As shown, the cage needs to be modified into a special mine car lifting platform to increase the number of mine cars it can carry. According to the size of the mine cars, the commonly used two-layer cage structure will be modified into a four-layer structure as a mine car compartment. The height of each layer of the mine car compartment is designed to be 1300mm to ensure the normal loading and unloading of fixed mine cars with a loading capacity of 5t. The gravity block of the mine car will utilize the existing fixed mine cars in the mine, and the inside will be made of gangue cast into a whole to serve as the gravity block, so as to improve the individual weight of the mine car.

[0055] Preferably, the power generation time of the shaft operation is related to the vertical height of the shaft and the running speed of the cage. Assuming the vertical height of the shaft is 800m and the descent speed of the cage is 2m / s, plus the travel time of the beginning and end buffer sections, the power generation time of a single operation is 8 minutes, and the loading and unloading time of the mine car is controlled within 2 minutes, that is, the power generation cycle is 10 minutes. The loading and unloading times of the dual shaft coordinated power generation are not synchronized to ensure the stability of the power generation load. After the power generation of a single power generation cycle is completed, the lower cage unloads the mine car from the cage to the bottom dispatch yard for storage, and the upper cage simultaneously loads the mine car from the ground dispatch yard into the cage mine car bin. The loading and unloading of the upper and lower cages must be completed within 2 minutes. This power generation time is related to the vertical height of the shaft and the buffer distance, and is adjusted according to the specific shaft depth.

[0056] Preferably, the single-cycle power generation time of the shaft is calculated based on 10 minutes, with 96 power generation cycles per shaft per day, and 4 mining cars loaded per power generation cycle, for a total of 384 mining cars loaded per day. During the energy storage period, the number of mining cars used for energy storage and hoisting is also 384. Since the energy storage time is half of the power generation time, the hoisting speed during the energy storage phase must be twice the power generation speed, i.e., 4 m / s, to ensure the balance of vehicle storage in the ground yard and the shaft yard. Considering the coordinated power generation and energy storage of the two shafts, the shaft yard must be able to store at least 768 vehicles, and the ground yard must also be able to store at least 768 vehicles.

[0057] Preferably, the method for generating electricity using gravity energy storage in abandoned mines utilizes the formula: Calculate power generation using the formula: Calculate the annual power generation; where P is the power generation capacity, kW; Q is the power generation per cycle, kW·h; The system's power generation efficiency is represented by: n, the total number of power generation / storage operations per day; k, the number of mine cars lifted / lifted in a single operation; m, the weight of a single mine car (kg); and g, the acceleration due to gravity (m / s²). 2 h is the vertical depth of the shaft, in meters; v is the set running speed of the cage, in meters per second.

[0058] Preferably, the gravity energy storage power generation method for abandoned mine shafts, assuming a shaft depth of 800m, 96 mine car hoisting / deployment operations per day, 4 mine cars loaded per operation, each mine car weighing 6000kg, a cage operating speed of 2m / s, and a system power generation efficiency of 0.85, calculates using the above formula: the single shaft power generation is 408kW, and the annual power generation per shaft is approximately 1.59×10⁻⁶. 6 kWh; the dual-shaft power generation capacity is 816 kW, and the annual power generation of the dual-shaft is approximately 3.18 × 10 kWh. 6 kWh.

[0059] The foregoing description, with reference to preferred embodiments, details an exemplary implementation of the gravity energy storage and power generation system 100 and method for abandoned mines proposed by the present invention. However, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and alterations can be made to the above specific embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention, and various combinations can be made to the various technical features and structures proposed by the present invention without exceeding the protection scope of the present invention, which is determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A system for generating electricity using abandoned mine gravity energy storage, characterized by, include: The substation (10) is electrically connected to the power grid (200) via power lines; The winch room (20) includes at least two electric generators (21) and at least two impellers (22), wherein one end of each electric generator (21) is electrically connected to the substation (10), and the other end of each electric generator (21) is connected to the impeller (22), wherein the electric generator (21) is capable of switching between generating or driving actions; At least two shafts (30), each shaft (30) has a surface dispatch yard (31) and an underground dispatch yard (32) on the ground and underground respectively, and both the surface dispatch yard (31) and the underground dispatch yard (32) are used for the storage and dispatch of mine cars (44); At least two cage assemblies (40) are installed on at least two corresponding shafts (30). Each cage assembly (40) includes two cages (43), a wire rope (42), and a sheave (41). The sheave (41) is pivotally mounted at the opening of the shaft (30) and connected to the rotating wheel (22) by a rotating rope (45) so that the rotating wheel (22) and the sheave (41) rotate synchronously. The wire rope (42) is wound around the sheave (41) and each end is connected to a cage (43). The sheave (41) rotates synchronously with the cages (43) on both sides moving up or down in the shaft (30). The cage assembly (40) is used for loading and unloading mine cars (44) and is configured such that one cage (43) is loaded and moved down to generate electricity or loaded and moved up to store energy, while the other cage (43) is unloaded and moves up or down. Among them, the loading and unloading times of the mine cars (44) of at least two cage assemblies (40) are not synchronized.

2. The gravity energy storage and power generation system for abandoned mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least two shafts (30) are centrally parallel ventilation shafts in abandoned mines, with their main / auxiliary shafts located in the center of the minefield.

3. The gravity energy storage and power generation system for abandoned mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least two cage assemblies (40) lift the gravity block of the mine car (44) from bottom to top to the ground dispatch yard (31) for energy storage during the low power load period. During the peak power consumption period, the cage (43) moves from top to bottom to convert potential energy into electrical energy to generate electricity, forming a power generation and energy storage cycle.

4. The gravity energy storage and power generation system for abandoned mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ground dispatch yard (31) includes: a ground dispatch line (311), a ground parking line (312), and a ground car-switching line (313). The ground dispatch line (311) extends along the direction away from both sides of the shaft (30) and is configured for loading and unloading mine cars (44) in the cage (43) on the ground. The ground parking line (312) is parallel to the ground dispatch line (311) and located on one side of the ground dispatch line (311) and is configured for parking mine cars (44) on the ground. The ground car-switching line (313) connects the ground dispatch line (311) and the ground parking line (312) and is configured as a route for turning the running direction of the power head of the mine car (44) on the ground.

5. The gravity energy storage and power generation system for abandoned mines according to claim 4, characterized in that, A switch (314) is provided between the ground parking line (312) and the ground car-switching line (313), and is configured to transfer the mine car (44) from one of the ground parking line (312) and the ground car-switching line (313) to the other.

6. The gravity energy storage and power generation system for abandoned mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The underground dispatch yard (32) includes: an underground dispatch line (321), an underground parking line (322), and an underground car-switching line (323). The underground dispatch line (321) is set along the extension direction of the transport gate or auxiliary transport gate and is configured for loading and unloading mine cars (44) in the cage (43) underground. The underground parking line (322) is set along one side of the transport roadway or auxiliary transport roadway and is configured for parking mine cars (44) underground. The underground car-switching line (323) is set along the other side of the transport roadway or auxiliary transport roadway and is configured as a route for turning the running direction of the underground mine car (44) power head.

7. The gravity energy storage and power generation system for abandoned mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes: a dispatch room control system (60), which is coupled to the cage assembly (40) and configured to calculate the optimal operating parameters of the cage (43) based on the grid (200) demand, and coordinate the control of the cage (43) operating speed and the loading and unloading sequence of the mine car (44), so that the mine car (44) can perform a reversible operation mode of heavy load down-generation-no-load up or heavy load up-energy storage-no-load down, so as to realize the dynamic optimization scheduling of energy storage power generation efficiency and power generation.

8. The gravity energy storage and power generation system for abandoned mines according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes: a data acquisition system (50), which is coupled to the dispatch room control system (60) and configured to collect the actual weight of the mine car (44) after loading and unloading and the actual operating parameters of the cage (43) and feed them back to the dispatch room control system (60) in real time. The dispatch room control system (60) then corrects the dispatch strategy for the next cycle, forming a closed-loop adaptive control of decision-making-underground execution-data feedback.

9. A method of generating electricity using the abandoned mine gravity energy storage power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S10: Calculate the optimal operating parameters of the cage (43) based on the grid (200) demand, and execute the power generation or energy storage action of the cage assembly (40); S20: During the power generation period, in each cage assembly (40), the upper cage (43) in the shaft (30) is loaded with a car, and the lower cage (43) in the shaft (30) is unloaded. The cage (43) equipped with the mine car (44) moves from top to bottom to convert potential energy into electrical energy. After the cage (43) falls to the bottom of the shaft, the mine car (44) is transferred from the cage (43) to the bottom dispatch yard for storage. During the energy storage period, in each cage assembly (40), the upper cage (43) in the shaft (30) is unloaded, and the lower cage (43) in the shaft (30) is loaded with a car. The cage (43) is used to lift the weight block of the mine car (44) from bottom to top to the ground dispatch yard (31) for storage, converting electrical energy into potential energy.

10. The power generation method using a gravity energy storage power generation system in an abandoned mine according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step S20, when the cage assembly (40) is performing power generation or energy storage, one cage assembly (40) in one shaft (30) is performing loading and unloading of the mine car (44), while the cage assembly (40) in the other shaft (30) is performing power generation or energy storage.

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