A black start recovery method and system for a black start power supply

Abstract

The application discloses a black start recovery method and system for a black start power supply, and the method comprises the following steps: dividing a power grid into partitions, identifying multiple types of black start power supplies such as grid-structured energy storage new energy stations and started power supplies; establishing a black start path set, eliminating unsafe paths through stability simulation checking, and selecting an optimal path through a multi-objective function; determining target nodes of a backbone network frame including a hub substation, important loads and grid connection points under the condition that the started power supplies are electrified, selecting a reconstruction path to recover the network frame with the minimum voltage frequency deviation integral as the target, checking voltage, frequency and phase angle difference at the grid connection points of each partition, and connecting to the grid after the conditions are met through closed-loop proportional integral adjustment; and inputting loads according to priority, with each time not exceeding 2% of the maximum power generation capacity, and monitoring constraints until the whole network is recovered. The application realizes collaborative and whole-process fine optimization control of multiple black start power supplies, and improves the recovery safety and efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of novel power system black start technology, and particularly relates to a black start recovery method and system for black start power supplies. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of the low-carbon energy transition, the penetration rate of new energy sources continues to rise, leading to significant changes in the scale, structure, and operation of the power system. In the event of a large-scale power outage, the coordinated action of multiple types of black-start power sources within the power grid area is urgently needed to restore power supply. Currently, power grid black-start restoration methods still suffer from the following technical shortcomings: First, most existing solutions rely on hydropower units as the primary black start power source, neglecting the coordinated utilization of newer black start power sources such as gas turbines, FCB (Fast Load Shedding) units, and renewable energy power plants with grid-connected energy storage. During periods of hydropower scarcity or dry seasons, this reliance on hydropower severely restricts the feasibility and flexibility of black start, making it difficult to adapt to the actual needs of new power systems with multiple power sources coexisting.

[0003] Second, traditional methods typically select paths based solely on electrical connectivity, without adequately simulating and verifying technical risks such as generator self-excitation, line no-load closing overvoltage, transient voltage, and frequency stability. They also fail to quantitatively optimize multiple factors, including line start-up time, voltage deviation, reactive power margin, and the capacity of the started power source, resulting in low safety margins or poor overall recovery performance of the selected paths.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a black-start recovery method that can coordinate multiple types of black-start power supplies, perform refined safety verification and multi-objective optimization throughout the entire process and multiple stages, and has clear quantitative control conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a black-start recovery method and system for black-start power supplies, so as to solve the problem in the prior art of lacking effective coordination of multiple types of black-start power supplies for system recovery after a large-scale power outage.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a black-start recovery method for a black-start power supply, comprising: The power grid is pre-divided into multiple zones, and black-start power nodes with self-starting capability are identified in each zone, as well as the power nodes to be started. A set of black-start paths is established from the black-start power node to the startable power node. After safety constraint simulation verification, a set of feasible black-start paths is formed. Based on a preset multi-dimensional objective function, the optimal black-start path is selected for each black-start power source. The black-start operation is performed according to the optimal black-start path to energize the startable power source corresponding to the startable power node. With the power supply being energized, a set of backbone network reconfiguration paths is planned. With the optimization objectives of minimizing voltage deviation, minimizing frequency deviation, and maximizing load recovery speed, the optimal network reconfiguration path is selected to restore power supply to the backbone network within each zone, forming the internal black-start backbone network of each zone. After the internal black-start backbone network of each zone has been restored, the voltage and frequency differences of each zone are checked one by one according to the preset grid connection point. When the preset threshold is met, the grid connection between the zones is carried out to form the overall regional network. Based on the formation of the overall grid structure in the region, loads are restored one by one according to the priority of important loads. The amount of load put into operation each time does not exceed a preset percentage of the current maximum power generation capacity. The bus voltage, frequency and line transmission power of each node are monitored to see if they exceed the limit. The load and output are gradually increased until the entire regional power grid is started up.

[0007] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a black-start recovery system for a black-start power supply, comprising: The identification module is configured to pre-divide the power grid into multiple zones, identify black-start power nodes with self-starting capability in each zone, and identify the power nodes to be started. The construction module is configured to establish a set of black start paths from the black start power node to the started power node. After safety constraint simulation verification, a set of feasible black start paths is formed. Based on a preset multi-dimensional objective function, the optimal black start path is selected for each black start power. The black start operation is performed according to the optimal black start path to energize the started power corresponding to the started power node. The module is selected and configured to plan a set of backbone network reconstruction paths based on the condition that the power supply to be started is energized. With the optimization objectives of minimizing voltage deviation, minimizing frequency deviation, and maximizing load recovery speed, the optimal network reconstruction path is selected to restore power supply to the backbone network within each zone, forming the internal black-start backbone network of each zone. The grid connection module is configured to, after the internal black-start backbone network of each zone has been restored, check the voltage and frequency differences of each zone one by one according to the preset grid connection points, and perform grid interconnection between the zones when the preset threshold is met, so as to form an overall regional network. The recovery module is configured to restore loads one by one according to the priority of important loads, based on the formation of the overall grid structure of the region. Each load input does not exceed a preset percentage of the current maximum power generation capacity, and the module monitors whether the bus voltage, frequency and line transmission power of each node exceed the limit, gradually increasing the load and output until the entire regional power grid is started up.

[0008] Thirdly, an electronic device is provided, comprising: at least one processor, and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the steps of a black boot recovery method for a black boot power supply according to any embodiment of the present invention.

[0009] Fourthly, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein when the program instructions are executed by a processor, the processor performs the steps of a black boot recovery method for a black boot power supply according to any embodiment of the present invention.

[0010] This application discloses a black-start recovery method and system for black-start power sources. The system divides the power grid into zones and identifies various types of black-start power sources and started power sources, including grid-type energy storage and new energy power plants. A black-start path set is established, and unsafe paths are eliminated through simulation verification of self-excitation, operational overvoltage, voltage, and frequency stability. The optimal path is selected based on a multi-objective function considering operating time, voltage deviation, reactive power configuration, and started capacity. With the started power source energized, target nodes of the backbone network, including key substations, important loads, and grid connection points, are determined. A reconstructed path is selected to restore the network with the goal of minimizing the integral of voltage and frequency deviation. Voltage, frequency, and phase angle differences are checked at each grid connection point in each zone, and grid connection is achieved after meeting the conditions through closed-loop proportional-integral regulation. Loads are added according to priority, with each addition not exceeding 2% of the maximum generating capacity, and monitoring constraints are maintained until the entire network is restored. This system achieves coordinated and refined optimization control of multiple black-start power sources throughout the entire process, improving recovery safety and efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0011] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0012] Figure 1 A flowchart of a black-start recovery method for a black-start power supply provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of a black-start recovery system for a black-start power supply provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0013] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0014] Please see Figure 1 The diagram shows a flowchart of a black-start recovery method for a black-start power supply according to this application.

[0015] like Figure 1 As shown, the black-start recovery method for a black-start power supply specifically includes the following steps: Step S101: The power grid is pre-divided into multiple zones, and black-start power nodes with self-starting capability are identified in each zone, and the power nodes to be started are identified.

[0016] In this step, black-startable hydropower units, black-startable gas turbine units, FCB units, and new energy power stations with grid-based energy storage that simultaneously meet the requirements of having active power greater than 1.2 times the power consumption of the new energy power station and having a battery remaining power percentage of not less than 20% are identified as black-start power nodes. Large thermal power units with a single unit installed capacity of not less than 300MW, non-black start gas turbine units and gas turbine units without self-starting capability are identified as power supply nodes to be started.

[0017] Step S102: Establish a set of black start paths from the black start power node to the started power node. After safety constraint simulation verification, a set of feasible black start paths is formed. Based on a preset multi-dimensional objective function, the optimal black start path is selected for each black start power source. The black start operation is performed according to the optimal black start path to energize the started power source corresponding to the started power node.

[0018] In this step, for each black-start power node, all possible paths from the black-start power node to each started power node are enumerated to form a black-start path set. Perform the following simulation verification on each black start path in the black start path set in sequence: An electromagnetic transient simulation model of the black start path is established to simulate the no-load voltage boosting process of the generator and to verify whether the generator terminal voltage continues to rise due to self-excitation and exceeds 1.05 times the rated voltage limit. Simulate the no-load closing operation of the line and check whether the overvoltage at each node along the line exceeds 1.3 times the rated phase voltage limit; Simulate the transient response of the system after the power supply is connected to the grid, and verify whether the voltage of each bus is maintained within the range of 0.9 to 1.1 times the voltage reference value, and whether the system frequency is maintained within the range of 49.5Hz to 50.5Hz and the frequency change rate does not exceed 0.4% per second; Black starting paths that fail to meet safety constraints in any of the following checks—generator self-excitation, line no-load closing overvoltage, voltage stability, or frequency stability—are eliminated, resulting in a set of feasible black starting paths.

[0019] It should be noted that, for each black-start power source, a multi-dimensional objective function is constructed using the set of feasible black-start paths corresponding to that power source as the object, and the expression is: , In the formula, Let m be the objective function of the m-th black-start power source. This is the k-th black-start path scheme with m as the black-start power source. Let m be the set of all black-start path schemes with m as the black-start power source. As a weight for the startup path recovery time, This function determines whether node i and node j are directly connected. It returns 1 if node i and node j are directly connected, and 0 otherwise. The startup time from node i to node j. This represents the startup time of the i-node. The weight of the voltage deviation of the startup path, The voltage of node i in the startup path. Let be the nominal voltage of node i. This represents the sum of the available reactor capacities at node i. The sum of the line reactors from node i to node j. Let be the admittance value between node i and node j. Weighting of reactor factors for black-start paths. The weighting of capacitors as a factor in the black-start path. Let be the sum of the available capacitors at node i. The reactive power value of the load under node i. Let m be the installed capacity value of the power supply to be started in the k-th black start path scheme with m as the black start power supply. The weight of the installed capacity of the power supply being started should be considered for the black boot path; The path that maximizes the multi-dimensional objective function value is selected as the optimal black-start path for the black-start power supply.

[0020] Step S103: With the power supply being energized, plan a set of backbone network reconstruction paths. With the optimization objectives of minimizing voltage deviation, minimizing frequency deviation, and maximizing load recovery speed, select the optimal network reconstruction path to restore power supply to the backbone network within each zone, forming the internal black-start backbone network of each zone.

[0021] In this step, nodes within a zone that meet preset conditions are included in the target node set. Specifically, nodes that meet preset conditions include: nodes located in hub substations and connected to multiple voltage levels, load nodes that supply power to important users, grid connection point nodes that undertake power exchange between zones, new energy power station nodes that include grid-type energy storage black start power sources, and large thermal power unit nodes that serve as power sources to be started. Based on the charging sequence, multiple feasible backbone network reconfiguration paths that can traverse each target node are generated. The generation method is as follows: with the power grid topology connection relationship between target nodes as a constraint, a depth-first search is used to search for all feasible charging path sequences starting from the restored energized nodes, extending level by level and traversing all target nodes, thus forming a backbone network reconfiguration path set. The optimization objective is to minimize the integral of voltage and frequency deviations over time during the reconfiguration process. Combined with power flow equality constraints, the optimal reconfiguration path is selected from the set of backbone network reconfiguration paths. The expression for the optimization objective is: , In the formula, This represents the x-th feasible solution in the network reconfiguration phase path, where nodes are restored sequentially. This is a set of all feasible recovery solutions during the grid reconfiguration phase. This represents the overall recovery time required for the x-th feasible solution in the sequential recovery sequence of each node during the network reconfiguration phase. Let be the voltage value at node i at time t. Let be the nominal voltage of node i. Let i be the frequency value of node i at time t; The expression for the power flow equality constraint is: , In the formula, Let be the active power injected into node i at time t. Let be the reactive power injected at node i at time t. Let be the voltage at node i at time t. This represents the total number of nodes within the partition. Let be the voltage at node j at time t. Let i be the electrical conductance between node i and node j. Let be the phase angle between the voltage at node i at time t and the voltage at node j at time t. The susceptance between node i and node j; The backbone network nodes are charged sequentially according to the optimal network reconstruction path to form a restored backbone network within the partition.

[0022] Step S104: After the internal black-start backbone network of each partition has been restored, the voltage and frequency differences of each partition are checked one by one according to the preset grid connection point. When the preset threshold is met, the partitions are interconnected to form the overall regional network.

[0023] In this step, at the grid connection point of each zone, the voltage amplitude, frequency and phase angle on both sides of the grid connection point are collected in real time; Determine whether the voltage amplitude difference on both sides of the grid connection point is less than 0.05 times the voltage reference value, whether the frequency difference on both sides of the grid connection point is less than 0.1 Hz, and whether the phase angle difference on both sides of the grid connection point is less than 5 degrees. If the voltage amplitude difference between the two sides of the grid connection point is less than 0.05 times the voltage reference value, the frequency difference between the two sides of the grid connection point is less than 0.1 Hz, and the phase angle difference between the two sides of the grid connection point is less than 5 degrees, then the grid connection switch is closed to perform zoned grid connection interconnection. If the voltage amplitude difference between the two sides of the grid connection point is not less than 0.05 times the voltage reference value, the frequency difference between the two sides of the grid connection point is not less than 0.1Hz, or the phase angle difference between the two sides of the grid connection point is not less than 5 degrees, then a closed-loop proportional-integral regulation method is adopted to adjust the active power output reference value of the black start power supply in the sending side zone to reduce the frequency difference, and adjust the generator terminal voltage reference value of the black start power supply to reduce the voltage amplitude difference, until the voltage amplitude difference, frequency difference and phase angle difference all meet the grid connection conditions, and then the grid connection switch is closed to perform grid connection. After completing the interconnection operations of all preset grid connection points in sequence, a regional overall grid structure is formed.

[0024] Step S105: With the formation of the overall grid structure in the region as a condition, loads are restored one by one according to the priority of important loads. The amount of load put into operation each time does not exceed a preset percentage of the current maximum power generation capacity. The bus voltage, frequency and line transmission power of each node are monitored to see if they exceed the limit. The load and output are gradually increased until the entire regional power grid is started up.

[0025] In this step, a safety constraint system is established for the load restoration process. Each load increment must meet the following constraints: the total increment must not exceed the upper limit of the total generation capacity; the frequency change rate must not exceed 0.4%; the frequency must be maintained within the range of 49.8Hz to 50.2Hz; the voltage of each node must be maintained within the range of 0.95 to 1.05 times the voltage reference value; and the line transmission power must not exceed the maximum limit.

[0026] Loads are added one by one according to their priority order. Each added load does not exceed 2% of the current system's maximum generating capacity. The bus voltage, frequency, and line transmission power at each node of the system are monitored in real time to ensure they do not exceed limits. If limits are exceeded, load addition is suspended, and generating output or reactive power compensation is adjusted. Load and output are gradually increased until the entire regional power grid is fully operational.

[0027] In summary, the method of this application divides the power grid into zones and identifies various types of black-start power sources and started power sources, including grid-type energy storage and new energy power plants. A set of black-start paths is established, and unsafe paths are eliminated through simulation verification of self-excitation, operational overvoltage, voltage and frequency stability. The optimal path is selected based on a multi-objective function considering operating time, voltage deviation, reactive power configuration, and started capacity. With the started power source energized, target nodes of the backbone network, including key substations, important loads, and grid connection points, are determined. A reconfiguration path is selected to restore the network with the goal of minimizing the integral of voltage and frequency deviation. Voltage, frequency, and phase angle differences are checked at each grid connection point in each zone, and grid connection is achieved after meeting the conditions through closed-loop proportional-integral regulation. Loads are added according to priority, with each addition not exceeding 2% of the maximum generating capacity, and monitoring constraints are maintained until the entire network is restored. This method achieves coordinated control of multiple black-start power sources and refined optimization throughout the entire process, improving the safety and efficiency of restoration.

[0028] Please see Figure 2 The diagram shows a structural block diagram of a black-start recovery system for a black-start power supply according to this application.

[0029] like Figure 2 As shown, the black boot recovery system 200 includes an identification module 210, a construction module 220, a selection module 230, a grid connection module 240, and a recovery module 250.

[0030] The identification module 210 is configured to pre-divide the power grid into multiple zones, identify black-start power supply nodes with self-starting capability within each zone, and identify the power supply nodes to be started; the construction module 220 is configured to establish a set of black-starting paths from the black-starting power supply nodes to the power supply nodes to be started, form a set of feasible black-starting paths after safety constraint simulation verification, and select the optimal black-starting path for each black-starting power supply based on a preset multi-dimensional objective function, and perform black-starting operation according to the optimal black-starting path to energize the power supply corresponding to the power supply node to be started; the selection module 230 is configured to plan a set of backbone network reconfiguration paths based on the condition that the power supply to be started is energized, selecting the path with the smallest voltage deviation, the smallest frequency deviation, and the smallest frequency deviation. With maximizing load recovery speed as the optimization objective, the optimal grid reconstruction path is selected to restore power supply to the backbone grid within each zone, forming the internal black-start backbone grid of each zone. The grid connection module 240 is configured to, after the internal black-start backbone grids of each zone have been restored, check the voltage and frequency differences of each zone according to the preset grid connection points, and perform grid interconnection between zones when the preset threshold is met, forming the overall regional grid. The recovery module 250 is configured to, based on the formation of the overall regional grid, restore loads one by one according to the priority of important loads, with the load amount each time not exceeding a preset percentage of the current maximum generating capacity, and monitor whether the bus voltage, frequency and line transmission power of each node exceed the limit, gradually increasing the load and output until the entire regional power grid is started up.

[0031] It should be understood that Figure 2 The modules and references described in the document Figure 1 The steps described in the text correspond to those in the method described above. Therefore, the operations, features, and corresponding technical effects described above also apply to the method described in the text. Figure 2 The various modules in the document will not be described in detail here.

[0032] In other embodiments, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein when the program instructions are executed by a processor, the processor performs the black boot recovery method for a black boot power supply in any of the above method embodiments. In one embodiment, the computer-readable storage medium of the present invention stores computer-executable instructions, which are configured as follows: The power grid is pre-divided into multiple zones, and black-start power nodes with self-starting capability are identified in each zone, as well as the power nodes to be started. A set of black-start paths is established from the black-start power node to the startable power node. After safety constraint simulation verification, a set of feasible black-start paths is formed. Based on a preset multi-dimensional objective function, the optimal black-start path is selected for each black-start power source. The black-start operation is performed according to the optimal black-start path to energize the startable power source corresponding to the startable power node. With the power supply being energized, a set of backbone network reconfiguration paths is planned. With the optimization objectives of minimizing voltage deviation, minimizing frequency deviation, and maximizing load recovery speed, the optimal network reconfiguration path is selected to restore power supply to the backbone network within each zone, forming the internal black-start backbone network of each zone. After the internal black-start backbone network of each zone has been restored, the voltage and frequency differences of each zone are checked one by one according to the preset grid connection point. When the preset threshold is met, the grid connection between the zones is carried out to form the overall regional network. Based on the formation of the overall grid structure in the region, loads are restored one by one according to the priority of important loads. The amount of load put into operation each time does not exceed a preset percentage of the current maximum power generation capacity. The bus voltage, frequency and line transmission power of each node are monitored to see if they exceed the limit. The load and output are gradually increased until the entire regional power grid is started up.

[0033] Computer-readable storage media may include a stored program area and a stored data area, wherein the stored program area may store an operating system and application programs required for at least one function; the stored data area may store data created based on the use of a black boot recovery system for a black boot power supply, etc. Furthermore, the computer-readable storage medium may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid-state storage device. In some embodiments, the computer-readable storage medium may optionally include memory remotely configured relative to a processor, which can be connected to a black boot recovery system for a black boot power supply via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, corporate intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in the embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the device includes a processor 310 and a memory 320. The electronic device may also include an input device 330 and an output device 340. The processor 310, memory 320, input device 330, and output device 340 can be connected via a bus or other means. Figure 3Taking a bus connection as an example, the memory 320 is the computer-readable storage medium described above. The processor 310 executes various server functions and data processing by running non-volatile software programs, instructions, and modules stored in the memory 320, thereby implementing the black-boot recovery method for a black-boot power supply as described in the above method embodiment. The input device 330 can receive input digital or character information and generate key signal inputs related to user settings and function control of the black-boot recovery system for a black-boot power supply. The output device 340 may include a display device such as a screen.

[0035] The aforementioned electronic device can execute the method provided in the embodiments of the present invention, and has the corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects for executing the method. Technical details not described in detail in this embodiment can be found in the method provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0036] In one implementation, the above-described electronic device is applied to a black-boot recovery system for a black-boot power supply, for a client, and includes: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to: The power grid is pre-divided into multiple zones, and black-start power nodes with self-starting capability are identified in each zone, as well as the power nodes to be started. A set of black-start paths is established from the black-start power node to the startable power node. After safety constraint simulation verification, a set of feasible black-start paths is formed. Based on a preset multi-dimensional objective function, the optimal black-start path is selected for each black-start power source. The black-start operation is performed according to the optimal black-start path to energize the startable power source corresponding to the startable power node. With the power supply being energized, a set of backbone network reconfiguration paths is planned. With the optimization objectives of minimizing voltage deviation, minimizing frequency deviation, and maximizing load recovery speed, the optimal network reconfiguration path is selected to restore power supply to the backbone network within each zone, forming the internal black-start backbone network of each zone. After the internal black-start backbone network of each zone has been restored, the voltage and frequency differences of each zone are checked one by one according to the preset grid connection point. When the preset threshold is met, the grid connection between the zones is carried out to form the overall regional network. Based on the formation of the overall grid structure in the region, loads are restored one by one according to the priority of important loads. The amount of load put into operation each time does not exceed a preset percentage of the current maximum power generation capacity. The bus voltage, frequency and line transmission power of each node are monitored to see if they exceed the limit. The load and output are gradually increased until the entire regional power grid is started up.

[0037] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., including several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods of various embodiments or some parts of embodiments.

[0038] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A black-start recovery method for a black-start power supply, characterized in that, include: The power grid is pre-divided into multiple zones, and black-start power nodes with self-starting capability are identified in each zone, as well as the power nodes to be started. A set of black-start paths is established from the black-start power node to the startable power node. After safety constraint simulation verification, a set of feasible black-start paths is formed. Based on a preset multi-dimensional objective function, the optimal black-start path is selected for each black-start power source. The black-start operation is performed according to the optimal black-start path to energize the startable power source corresponding to the startable power node. With the power supply being energized, a set of backbone network reconfiguration paths is planned. With the optimization objectives of minimizing voltage deviation, minimizing frequency deviation, and maximizing load recovery speed, the optimal network reconfiguration path is selected to restore power supply to the backbone network within each zone, forming the internal black-start backbone network of each zone. After the internal black-start backbone network of each zone has been restored, the voltage and frequency differences of each zone are checked one by one according to the preset grid connection point. When the preset threshold is met, the grid connection between the zones is carried out to form the overall regional network. Based on the formation of the overall grid structure in the region, loads are restored one by one according to the priority of important loads. The amount of load put into operation each time does not exceed a preset percentage of the current maximum power generation capacity. The bus voltage, frequency and line transmission power of each node are monitored to see if they exceed the limit. The load and output are gradually increased until the entire regional power grid is started up.

2. The black-start recovery method for a black-start power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of identifying black-boot power nodes with self-boot capability within each partition and identifying the power node to be booted includes: The black-start hydropower units, black-start gas turbine units, and FCB units within the zone, as well as new energy power stations with grid-based energy storage that simultaneously meet the requirements of having an active power greater than 1.2 times the power consumption of the new energy power station and a battery remaining power percentage of not less than 20%, are identified as black-start power nodes. Large thermal power units with a single unit installed capacity of not less than 300MW, non-black start gas turbine units and gas turbine units without self-starting capability are identified as power supply nodes to be started.

3. A black-start recovery method for a black-start power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of establishing a set of black-start paths from the black-start power node to the started power node, and forming a set of feasible black-start paths after safety constraint simulation verification, includes: For each black-start power node, enumerate all possible paths from the black-start power node to each started power node to form a black-start path set. Perform the following simulation verification on each black start path in the black start path set in sequence: An electromagnetic transient simulation model of the black start path is established to simulate the no-load voltage boosting process of the generator and to verify whether the generator terminal voltage continues to rise due to self-excitation and exceeds 1.05 times the rated voltage limit. Simulate the no-load closing operation of the line and check whether the overvoltage at each node along the line exceeds 1.3 times the rated phase voltage limit; Simulate the transient response of the system after the power supply is connected to the grid, and verify whether the voltage of each bus is maintained within the range of 0.9 to 1.1 times the voltage reference value, and whether the system frequency is maintained within the range of 49.5Hz to 50.5Hz and the frequency change rate does not exceed 0.4% per second; Black starting paths that fail to meet safety constraints in any of the following checks—generator self-excitation, line no-load closing overvoltage, voltage stability, or frequency stability—are eliminated, resulting in a set of feasible black starting paths.

4. A black-start recovery method for a black-start power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of selecting the optimal black start path for each black start power source based on a preset multi-dimensional objective function includes: For each black-start power source, taking the set of feasible black-start paths corresponding to that black-start power source as the object, a multi-dimensional objective function is constructed, with the expression as follows: ， In the formula, Let m be the objective function of the m-th black-start power source. This is the k-th black-start path scheme with m as the black-start power source. Let m be the set of all black-start path schemes with m as the black-start power source. As a weight for the startup path recovery time, This function determines whether node i and node j are directly connected. It returns 1 if node i and node j are directly connected, and 0 otherwise. The startup time from node i to node j. This represents the startup time of the i-node. The weight of the voltage deviation of the startup path, The voltage of node i in the startup path. Let be the nominal voltage of node i. This represents the sum of the available reactor capacities at node i. The sum of the line reactors from node i to node j. Let be the admittance value between node i and node j. Weighting of reactor factors for black-start paths. The weighting of capacitors as a factor in the black-start path. Let be the sum of the available capacitors at node i. The reactive power value of the load under node i. Let m be the installed capacity value of the power supply to be started in the k-th black start path scheme with m as the black start power supply. The weight of the installed capacity of the power supply being started should be considered for the black boot path; The path that maximizes the multi-dimensional objective function value is selected as the optimal black-start path for the black-start power supply.

5. A black-start recovery method for a black-start power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process involves planning a set of backbone network reconfiguration paths based on the condition that the power supply being started is energized. The optimization objectives are to minimize voltage deviation, minimize frequency deviation, and maximize load recovery speed. The optimal reconfiguration path is selected to restore power to the backbone network within each zone, forming the internal black-start backbone network of each zone, including: Nodes within a zone that meet preset conditions are included in the target node set. Specifically, the nodes that meet the preset conditions include: nodes located in hub substations and connected to multiple voltage levels, load nodes that supply power to important users, grid connection point nodes that undertake power exchange between zones, new energy power station nodes that include grid-type energy storage black start power supplies, and large thermal power unit nodes that serve as power sources to be started. Based on the charging sequence, multiple feasible backbone network reconfiguration paths that can traverse each target node are generated. The generation method is as follows: with the power grid topology connection relationship between target nodes as a constraint, a depth-first search is used to search for all feasible charging path sequences starting from the restored energized nodes, extending level by level and traversing all target nodes, thus forming a backbone network reconfiguration path set. The optimization objective is to minimize the integral of voltage and frequency deviations over time during the reconfiguration process. Combined with power flow equality constraints, the optimal reconfiguration path is selected from the set of backbone network reconfiguration paths. The expression for the optimization objective is: ， In the formula, This represents the x-th feasible solution in the network reconfiguration phase path, where nodes are restored sequentially. This is a set of all feasible recovery solutions during the grid reconfiguration phase. This represents the overall recovery time required for the x-th feasible solution in the sequential recovery sequence of each node during the network reconfiguration phase. Let be the voltage value at node i at time t. Let be the nominal voltage of node i. Let i be the frequency value of node i at time t; The expression for the power flow equality constraint is: ， In the formula, Let be the active power injected into node i at time t. Let be the reactive power injected at node i at time t. Let be the voltage at node i at time t. This represents the total number of nodes within the partition. Let be the voltage at node j at time t. Let i be the electrical conductance between node i and node j. Let be the phase angle between the voltage at node i at time t and the voltage at node j at time t. The susceptance between node i and node j; The backbone network nodes are charged sequentially according to the optimal network reconstruction path to form a restored backbone network within the partition.

6. A black-start recovery method for a black-start power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the internal black-start backbone network of each partition has been restored, the voltage and frequency differences of each partition are checked one by one according to the preset grid connection points. When the preset threshold is met, the partitions are interconnected to form the overall regional network, including: At the grid connection point of each zone, the voltage amplitude, frequency and phase angle on both sides of the grid connection point are collected in real time. Determine whether the voltage amplitude difference on both sides of the grid connection point is less than a preset voltage threshold, whether the frequency difference on both sides of the grid connection point is less than a preset frequency threshold, and whether the phase angle difference on both sides of the grid connection point is less than a preset phase angle threshold. If the voltage amplitude difference between the two sides of the grid connection point is less than a preset voltage threshold, the frequency difference between the two sides of the grid connection point is less than a preset frequency threshold, and the phase angle difference between the two sides of the grid connection point is less than a preset phase angle threshold, then the grid connection switch is closed to perform zoned grid connection interconnection. If the voltage amplitude difference between the two sides of the grid connection point is not less than a preset voltage threshold, the frequency difference between the two sides of the grid connection point is not less than a preset frequency threshold, or the phase angle difference between the two sides of the grid connection point is not less than a preset phase angle threshold, then a closed-loop proportional-integral regulation method is adopted to adjust the active power output reference value of the black start power supply in the sending side partition to reduce the frequency difference, and to adjust the generator terminal voltage reference value of the black start power supply to reduce the voltage amplitude difference, until the voltage amplitude difference, frequency difference and phase angle difference all meet the grid connection conditions, and then the grid connection switch is closed to perform grid connection. After completing the interconnection operations of all preset grid connection points in sequence, a regional overall grid structure is formed.

7. A black-start recovery system for a black-start power supply, characterized in that, include: The identification module is configured to pre-divide the power grid into multiple zones, identify black-start power nodes with self-starting capability in each zone, and identify the power nodes to be started. The construction module is configured to establish a set of black start paths from the black start power node to the started power node. After safety constraint simulation verification, a set of feasible black start paths is formed. Based on a preset multi-dimensional objective function, the optimal black start path is selected for each black start power. The black start operation is performed according to the optimal black start path to energize the started power corresponding to the started power node. The module is selected and configured to plan a set of backbone network reconstruction paths based on the condition that the power supply to be started is energized. With the optimization objectives of minimizing voltage deviation, minimizing frequency deviation, and maximizing load recovery speed, the optimal network reconstruction path is selected to restore power supply to the backbone network within each zone, forming the internal black-start backbone network of each zone. The grid connection module is configured to, after the internal black-start backbone network of each zone has been restored, check the voltage and frequency differences of each zone one by one according to the preset grid connection points, and perform grid interconnection between the zones when the preset threshold is met, so as to form an overall regional network. The recovery module is configured to restore loads one by one according to the priority of important loads, based on the formation of the overall grid structure of the region. Each load input does not exceed a preset percentage of the current maximum power generation capacity, and the module monitors whether the bus voltage, frequency and line transmission power of each node exceed the limit, gradually increasing the load and output until the entire regional power grid is started up.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: At least one processor, and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program is executed by a processor, it implements the method described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

Images