Industrial and commercial energy storage integrated system with multi-level security linkage and efficient thermal management and operation method

Abstract

This invention discloses an integrated industrial and commercial energy storage system and its operation method that combines multi-level safety linkage and efficient thermal management. It relates to the field of electrochemical energy storage technology, including lithium iron phosphate battery packs, a battery management system (BMS), a power supply system (PCS), a liquid-cooled thermal management system, a fire protection system, a monitoring system, an electrical control system (EMS), a power distribution system, and a prefabricated cabin. The thermal management system maintains a temperature of ≤30℃, and the fire protection system features dual protection against aerosols / perfluorohexanone and water spray. The system has three-level safety linkage at the battery stack, cluster, and pack levels, including fuse tripping and one-button tripping. The BMS provides fast and efficient active balancing and is linked with fire protection and thermal management systems, achieving millisecond-level circuit breaker disconnection. The EMS supports multiple protocols and can monitor, maintain, and optimize strategies. The prefabricated cabin is IP54 waterproof, adaptable to temperatures from -30℃ to 55℃, and connected to the grid at 0.4KV. Its operation method includes data acquisition, charging and discharging, safety linkage, and thermal management strategies. Charging and discharging are based on electricity price and load; in case of abnormalities, balancing, fire protection shutdown, and circuit breaker disconnection are implemented. Thermal management adjusts power according to temperature to ensure safe and efficient operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrochemical energy storage technology, specifically to an integrated industrial and commercial energy storage system and its operation method that combines multi-level safety linkage with efficient thermal management. Background Technology

[0002] As the global energy structure accelerates its transformation towards cleaner and lower-carbon energy, the industrial and commercial sectors, as key areas of energy consumption and carbon emissions, are experiencing a continuous rise in demand for efficient and safe energy storage. While the penetration rate of distributed photovoltaic and wind power, among other renewable energy sources, in industrial and commercial parks is constantly increasing, the intermittent nature of their output and the spatial-temporal mismatch with load demand are becoming increasingly prominent. This necessitates the use of energy storage systems to achieve dynamic balance between source and load, thereby improving energy utilization efficiency and economics. Simultaneously, under the dual-carbon goals, industrial and commercial users have an urgent need to reduce electricity costs and participate in grid peak shaving, further driving the expansion of energy storage systems in scenarios such as peak shaving, valley filling, and backup power supply.

[0003] However, existing industrial and commercial energy storage integrated systems still face multiple challenges in large-scale applications. First, the multi-level safety protection system is incomplete. Traditional energy storage systems often employ single-level safety protection, making it difficult to promptly prevent the spread of faults when cell anomalies occur, easily triggering a chain reaction of thermal runaway. While some systems are equipped with protective devices such as fuses, they lack rapid isolation methods like one-button tripping, and the coordination between local and remote operations is insufficient, affecting fault handling efficiency. Second, thermal management capabilities do not match battery performance requirements. Industrial and commercial scenarios often face complex environments such as high and low temperatures. If the temperature control accuracy of the thermal management system is insufficient, long-term operation of cells at high temperatures will accelerate aging, while low temperatures will lead to capacity decay. Traditional air-cooled systems have strong temperature control lag, making it difficult to stably control cell temperatures within the ideal range (e.g., below 30°C), restricting battery cycle life and system reliability. Third, the level of safety linkage and intelligent energy management is limited. Most battery management systems (BMS) only perform basic monitoring and operate independently from subsystems such as fire protection and thermal management. They cannot share critical risk data such as temperature and smoke in real time, and their fault response time is mostly in the minute range, making it difficult to meet the emergency needs of cutting off electrical circuits in milliseconds. Energy management systems (EMS) are also mostly limited to local monitoring and lack the ability to optimize charging and discharging strategies through cloud collaboration, making it difficult to adapt to the fluctuations in grid peak and off-peak electricity prices and the dynamic changes in user load. Fourth, environmental adaptability and engineering deployment capabilities are insufficient. Some energy storage systems adopt non-standardized structural designs, with weak waterproof and high / low temperature resistance, making them prone to equipment failure in outdoor or harsh industrial environments. The adoption rate of prefabricated cabin structures is low, resulting in long installation cycles and high operation and maintenance costs, making it difficult to meet the requirements of industrial and commercial users for rapid deployment and long-term stable operation.

[0004] Furthermore, existing systems also have shortcomings in energy efficiency and functional integration: the BMS active balancing technology has a slow response and low current, which can easily lead to a decrease in battery pack consistency and make it difficult to exceed 95% energy utilization; fire protection systems mostly rely on a single extinguishing agent, providing only a single dimension of protection and failing to meet the dual safety requirements of industrial and commercial scenarios. These problems collectively limit the large-scale promotion of energy storage systems in the industrial and commercial fields, necessitating an integrated solution that combines multi-level safety linkage, efficient thermal management, and intelligent energy management. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated industrial and commercial energy storage system and operation method that combines multi-level safety linkage and efficient thermal management. Through a three-level electrical safety structure, liquid-cooled temperature control and dual fire protection, combined with BMS active balancing and multi-system linkage, it solves the problems of slow safety response and low temperature control accuracy of existing energy storage systems, improves operational reliability and economy, and adapts to complex operating conditions.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: an integrated industrial and commercial energy storage system and operation method that combines multi-level safety linkage and efficient thermal management, including a lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery pack, a battery management system (BMS), an energy conversion system (PCS), a thermal management system, a fire protection system, a monitoring system, an energy management system (EMS), a power distribution system, and a prefabricated cabin. The lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery pack consists of multiple battery packs connected in series or in parallel, and is used to store and release electrical energy. The battery management system (BMS) is connected to the lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery pack and is used to collect, calculate, monitor and protect the battery pack's individual cell voltage, individual cell temperature, total voltage, total current, state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) parameters in real time. The power conversion system (PCS) is connected to the battery management system (BMS) and the power distribution system respectively, and is used to convert the DC power from the battery into AC power for output to the power distribution system or the power grid, and to convert the AC power from the power distribution system or the power grid into DC power to charge the battery pack. The thermal management system is a liquid-cooled temperature control system, which includes a circulation pipeline, a liquid cooling plate, a coolant, a circulation pump, and a heat exchanger. The liquid cooling plate is located inside the battery pack and is in contact with or closely attached to the battery cell. The circulation pump drives the coolant to flow through the liquid cooling plate to absorb the heat from the battery cell, and then the coolant exchanges heat with the external cooling medium through the heat exchanger. The operating temperature of the battery cell can be controlled within 30°C. The fire protection system is equipped with a thermal aerosol / perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing device and a water sprinkler system. The thermal aerosol / perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing device is installed on the top of the prefabricated cabin or near the battery stack, and the water sprinkler system covers the battery area. The two work together to achieve dual protection against the risk of battery thermal runaway. The monitoring system is integrated into the energy management system (EMS) or set up independently, and is used to collect and display system operating status parameters and fault information; The Energy Management System (EMS) is connected to the Battery Management System (BMS), Energy Conversion System (PCS), Thermal Management System, Fire Protection System, and Monitoring System, respectively, and is used to formulate and issue charging and discharging control commands and thermal management control commands, as well as receive feedback information from each subsystem for comprehensive coordination and control. The power distribution system is used to realize the internal power distribution of the system and the connection with the external power grid or load; The prefabricated cabin is a metal frame structure with internal equipment brackets for installing and fixing the electrical equipment of the lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery pack, battery management system (BMS), power conversion system (PCS), thermal management system, fire protection system, monitoring system, energy management system (EMS), and power distribution system. The cabin forms a relatively enclosed equipment storage space.

[0007] Furthermore, the system is equipped with a three-level electrical safety linkage structure of battery stack, battery cluster, and battery pack, wherein multiple battery packs form a battery cluster, and multiple battery clusters form a battery stack; A fuse is connected in series at the input / output terminals of the battery cluster, the input / output terminals of the battery stack, and the total input / output terminal of the prefabricated compartment. The fuse is used to blow and cut off the circuit when an overcurrent or short circuit fault occurs at the corresponding level. The system is also designed with a one-button trip function, which is realized through the local operation button set in the prefabricated compartment and the remote operation interface of the energy management system (EMS). During operation, the main electrical connection switches between the battery stack and the battery cluster, between the battery cluster and the battery pack, and between the PCS and the battery pack can be disconnected at the same time. It supports two operation modes: local manual triggering and remote command triggering.

[0008] Furthermore, the BMS has an active balancing function, which includes a balancing circuit connected to each battery cell. Under the control of the BMS, the balancing circuit can reduce the voltage difference between battery cells through energy transfer or consumption. When the voltage difference between individual battery cells reaches a preset threshold, the equalization circuit starts the equalization action within ≤10ms. The peak current flowing through the equalization circuit during a single equalization process can reach 10A. When the BMS performs the equalization function, it controls the loss of available energy in the battery pack so that the overall energy utilization rate of the system is ≥95%.

[0009] Furthermore, the BMS communicates and operates in conjunction with the control unit of the fire protection system and the control unit of the thermal management system via a dedicated communication interface; The BMS can receive in real time cabin temperature data, smoke concentration data, and combustible gas concentration data from temperature sensors, smoke sensors, and combustible gas sensors deployed in the prefabricated cabin, and compare and analyze these data with preset risk thresholds. When a safety risk is detected, the BMS can send a command to the power conversion system (PCS) and power distribution system to cut off the electrical circuit within milliseconds to isolate the battery pack from the back-end circuit.

[0010] Furthermore, the EMS cloud energy storage platform is deployed on a cloud server and can establish data communication links with the local devices of the system (including BMS, PCS, thermal management system, and fire protection system) through Ethernet, RS485 bus and CAN bus communication protocols. The EMS cloud energy storage platform has real-time monitoring capabilities, which can display system operating status, battery parameters, charging and discharging power, and energy consumption data; it also has remote operation and maintenance capabilities, which can remotely view fault logs, update system parameters, and restart some devices; and it has charging and discharging strategy optimization capabilities, which can automatically generate or adjust charging and discharging power commands and issue them for execution based on the grid peak and valley electricity price time periods, the user's historical load power curve, and the real-time status of the battery.

[0011] Furthermore, the system adopts a prefabricated cabin structure. The outer shell of the prefabricated cabin is made of spliced ​​metal plates, and the joints are equipped with sealing strips. Its waterproof rating is IP54, which can prevent solid foreign objects with a diameter of ≥1mm from entering and prevent water spray from all directions from damaging the equipment. The prefabricated cabin is designed to allow its internal equipment to operate normally in an ambient temperature range of -30℃ to 55℃. The prefabricated cabin is connected to an external power grid with a voltage level of 0.4KV via a power distribution system to achieve grid-connected operation.

[0012] Furthermore, it includes the following steps: S1: Data Acquisition and Status Assessment: The Energy Management System (EMS) periodically collects data on the individual cell voltage, temperature, SOC, and SOH of the lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery pack, the total voltage and total current of the battery pack, the ambient temperature and humidity inside the chamber, the coolant temperature and flow rate, and the status parameters of the fire protection facilities through the Battery Management System (BMS), Thermal Management System, Fire Protection System, and Monitoring System. It also assesses the current charge and discharge capacity of the battery pack, the efficiency of the thermal management system, and the overall safety status of the system. S2: Charge / discharge strategy execution: The energy management system (EMS) generates charge / discharge control commands based on the evaluation results and preset strategies, and sends the commands to the energy conversion system (PCS) to control the battery pack to perform charging or discharging operations; S3: Safety linkage strategy execution: The battery management system (BMS) and energy management system (EMS) monitor each key parameter in real time. When a preset safety event occurs, the relevant subsystems will be linked to execute protection measures according to the predetermined logic. S4: Thermal management strategy execution: The Energy Management System (EMS) generates thermal management control commands based on the real-time battery temperature data reported by the Battery Management System (BMS) and sends them to the thermal management system to adjust the operating power of the liquid cooling temperature control system or start / stop the preheating device to maintain the cell temperature within the set range.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S2, the charging and discharging strategy is formulated based on the peak and off-peak electricity price periods of the power grid and the user load power. Specifically, at the beginning of the off-peak period when the power grid price is low, if the user load power is less than the power grid input power and the battery pack is not fully charged, the power conversion system (PCS) is controlled to convert the power grid power into DC power to charge the lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery pack to store energy. At the beginning of the peak period when the power grid price is high, if the user load power is greater than the power grid input power or if it is necessary to reduce electricity costs, the power conversion system (PCS) is controlled to convert the DC power of the lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery pack into AC power to supply the user load or provide power support to the power grid, thereby realizing electricity price arbitrage or load power supply guarantee.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S3, the security linkage strategy specifically includes: a) When the battery management system (BMS) detects that the deviation between the voltage of a certain battery cell and the average cell voltage of the battery cluster exceeds a first preset threshold, or the deviation between the cell temperature and the average cell temperature exceeds a second preset threshold, it determines that the cell parameters are abnormal and then activates the active balancing function of the BMS. b) When the temperature sensor of the fire protection system detects that the temperature inside the cabin reaches the third preset threshold, or the smoke sensor detects that the smoke concentration reaches the fourth preset threshold, or the combustible gas sensor detects that the combustible gas concentration reaches the fifth preset threshold, it is determined that the temperature, smoke or combustible gas has triggered an alarm. At this time, the BMS immediately links the fire protection system to start the pre-start procedure of the thermal aerosol / perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing device or the standby state of the water sprinkler system, and simultaneously cuts off the electrical circuit between the power conversion system (PCS) and the battery pack and the output electrical circuit of the battery stack in milliseconds. c) When the monitoring system or BMS detects an unrecoverable fault in the system (such as PCS failure or failure of major sensors), it is determined to be a system fault. At this time, the energy management system (EMS) controls the power distribution system to switch to the backup power supply mode, and the backup power supply provides power to the monitoring system, BMS core module and emergency lighting.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S4, the thermal management strategy dynamically adjusts the power of the liquid cooling system based on the real-time battery temperature, specifically as follows: When the battery management system (BMS) detects that the average temperature of the cells in the battery pack is below 10°C, the energy management system (EMS) controls the thermal management system to start the preheating function. The preheating function introduces an external heat source (such as an electric heating device or an ambient heat source) through the heat exchanger of the thermal management system, and drives the coolant to flow through the liquid cooling plate via the circulating pump, transferring heat to the cells until the average temperature of the cells rises above 10°C. When the battery management system (BMS) detects that the average temperature of the cells in the battery pack exceeds 30°C, the energy management system (EMS) controls the thermal management system to increase the power of the liquid cooling system, that is, to increase the flow rate of the circulating pump and / or increase the heat dissipation intensity of the heat exchanger, so as to accelerate the absorption and dissipation of heat from the cells by the coolant until the average temperature of the cells drops below 30°C. When the average temperature of the battery cell is between 10°C and 30°C, the thermal management system maintains the basic operating power or enters an intermittent operating mode to keep the temperature stable.

[0016] This invention provides an integrated industrial and commercial energy storage system and operating method that combines multi-level safety linkage with efficient thermal management, and has the following beneficial effects: 1. Multi-level safety linkage significantly enhances system reliability and fault suppression capabilities. This system integrates a three-level electrical safety structure for the battery stack, battery cluster, and battery pack, along with fuses and a one-button tripping mechanism. This allows for rapid isolation of risk points in case of overcurrent, short circuit, or localized cell anomalies, preventing the fault from spreading to the entire system. Combined with millisecond-level communication linkage between the BMS and fire protection and thermal management units, it can immediately cut off electrical circuits and activate fire suppression measures upon detecting abnormal temperatures, smoke, or combustible gases. This significantly improves the response speed to extreme conditions such as thermal runaway and fires, effectively ensuring the safety of personnel and equipment. It is particularly suitable for compact, unattended industrial and commercial scenarios, reducing the probability of operational interruptions and asset losses.

[0017] High-efficiency thermal management ensures battery performance and lifespan. The liquid-cooled temperature control system can stably control the cell temperature below 30°C, initiating preheating in low-temperature environments and automatically increasing liquid cooling power at high temperatures, forming a closed-loop temperature control. This strategy avoids accelerated aging at high temperatures and capacity decay at low temperatures, maintaining battery cycle stability and consistency. Simultaneously, combined with the BMS's active balancing function (response ≤10ms, peak 10A), it reduces the risk of localized overheating caused by individual cell differences, improving overall energy utilization to over 95%. This not only extends battery lifespan but also reduces maintenance frequency and replacement costs due to temperature fluctuations, enhancing the system's overall lifecycle economics.

[0018] Intelligent charging and discharging strategies optimize energy utilization and economic benefits. The EMS cloud energy storage platform dynamically formulates charging and discharging plans based on grid peak and off-peak electricity prices and user load curves. It stores electricity at low prices during off-peak hours and discharges or directly supplies loads at high prices during peak hours, achieving significant electricity price arbitrage. The platform is compatible with multiple communication protocols, can collect and analyze electricity consumption data in real time, and flexibly adjust strategies to cope with grid dispatch or sudden load changes. This data-driven energy management model not only reduces enterprise electricity costs but also smooths load curves, alleviates grid pressure, helps users participate in demand-side response and obtain additional revenue, and improves the return on investment of energy storage systems.

[0019] The integrated prefabricated cabin structure enhances deployment flexibility and environmental adaptability. The system utilizes an IP54 waterproof prefabricated cabin enclosure, enabling stable operation across a wide temperature range of -30℃ to 55℃, and a grid connection voltage of 0.4KV, compatible with most industrial and commercial power distribution networks. Factory prefabrication reduces on-site installation work, shortens construction time, and its robust structure facilitates transportation and rapid commissioning. The high protection level ensures long-term reliable operation in rainy, dusty, or high-temperature environments, reducing the failure rate caused by environmental factors. It is particularly suitable for distributed deployment in factories, industrial parks, or remote areas, providing enterprises with a ready-to-use energy storage solution.

[0020] Integrated monitoring and remote operation and maintenance improve management efficiency and response speed. The EMS platform integrates real-time monitoring, remote operation and maintenance, and policy optimization. Maintenance personnel can remotely view key parameters such as battery status, temperature distribution, and charging / discharging power through interfaces such as Ethernet / RS485 / CAN, promptly identifying potential problems and implementing adjustments. Combined with one-click tripping and backup power supply mode switching, faults can be quickly handled locally or remotely, reducing downtime. The centralized management capabilities of the cloud platform support unified scheduling and analysis across multiple sites, enabling enterprises to build a visualized and traceable energy storage operation system, significantly reducing manual inspection costs and improving system availability and the scientific nature of operation and maintenance decisions. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art can derive other embodiments based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the overall architecture of the industrial and commercial energy storage integrated system of this invention. Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the three-level electrical safety linkage and protection process of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the core functional linkage of the BMS in this invention. Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the main operating process of the system of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the execution process of the thermal management strategy of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numerals in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses consistent with some aspects of this disclosure as detailed in the appended claims.

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] How to use: I. System Startup and Basic Preparation Before use, ensure the prefabricated compartment is in a level and stable environment, check the effectiveness of the IP54 waterproof rating, ensure the operating environment temperature is within the range of -30℃ to 55℃, and match the grid voltage to 0.4KV. Sequentially start the Battery Management System (BMS), Power Conversion System (PCS), Thermal Management System, Fire Protection System, and Energy Management System (EMS). Each system completes communication self-tests via Ethernet / RS485 / CAN protocols to confirm that the three-level electrical safety linkage structure of the battery stack, battery cluster, and battery pack is normal, the fuses are in good condition, and the one-button trip function supports both local and remote operation.

[0026] II. Core Operation Process 1. Data Acquisition and Status Assessment (S1) After system startup, the BMS collects parameters such as battery pack voltage, temperature, and SOC (state of charge) in real time, and simultaneously receives liquid cooling power and cabin temperature data from the thermal management system, as well as smoke and combustible gas monitoring signals from the fire suppression system. The EMS integrates multi-source data to assess battery health, thermal management efficiency, and safety risk level, providing a basis for subsequent strategies.

[0027] Charge / discharge strategy execution (S2) Based on the peak and off-peak electricity prices and real-time user load power, the EMS (Electric Power Management System) formulates a charging and discharging strategy: charging is initiated during off-peak hours (low electricity prices) to store electrical energy in the lithium iron phosphate battery pack; during peak hours (high electricity prices), the system switches to discharging mode to prioritize meeting user load power needs, or releases electrical energy back to the grid through grid connection to achieve price arbitrage. The PCS (Power Control System) adjusts the energy conversion direction according to the strategy instructions to ensure a smooth and efficient charging and discharging process.

[0028] Security linkage strategy execution (S3) The system uses millisecond-level communication with the fire protection system and thermal management unit via the BMS to monitor risk data and implement protective measures in real time: If the cell parameters (such as voltage and temperature) are abnormal, the BMS immediately activates the active balancing function (balancing response time ≤10ms, single balancing current peak 10A) to balance the differences between individual cells in the battery pack; when the temperature inside the compartment rises abnormally or smoke or combustible gas is detected, the BMS triggers an alarm and links with the fire protection system, activating the thermal aerosol / perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing device and the water sprinkler system for dual protection, while simultaneously cutting off the electrical circuit at the millisecond level; if a serious fault occurs (such as continuous overcurrent short circuit), the one-button trip function automatically disconnects the main circuit and switches to the backup power supply mode to ensure the operation of critical equipment.

[0029] Thermal management strategy implementation (S4) The thermal management system is based on liquid cooling temperature control and dynamically adjusts the liquid cooling power according to the real-time battery temperature: when the battery temperature is below 10℃, the preheating function is activated to raise the temperature inside the compartment and avoid the low temperature from affecting the battery activity; when the temperature approaches the 30℃ threshold, the liquid cooling power is increased to enhance heat dissipation and ensure that the cell temperature is always controlled below 30℃, taking into account both thermal management efficiency and energy consumption optimization.

[0030] III. Daily Operation and Monitoring During operation, real-time monitoring can be achieved through the EMS cloud energy storage platform to view battery status, charging and discharging power, thermal management parameters, and fire protection system status. Remote operation and maintenance are supported, such as adjusting charging and discharging strategies and calibrating sensor parameters. Regular electrical circuit tests are performed using the one-click trip function to verify the reliability of the multi-level safety linkage structure and ensure long-term stable service in industrial and commercial scenarios.

[0031] Example: Example 1: Daytime Peak-Valley Arbitrage and Temperature Control Scenario in an Industrial Park System Composition: The system adopts an integrated industrial and commercial energy storage system that combines multi-level safety linkage and efficient thermal management. It includes lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery packs, battery management system (BMS), power conversion system (PCS), liquid-cooled temperature control thermal management system, fire protection system equipped with thermal aerosol / perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing device and water sprinkler system, monitoring system, energy management system (EMS), power distribution system and prefabricated cabin with waterproof rating of IP54. The operating temperature range covers -30℃ to 55℃ and the grid connection voltage is 0.4KV.

[0032] Usage Process: Peak electricity consumption in the industrial park occurs during the day, while off-peak consumption occurs at night. Upon system startup, the BMS, PCS, and thermal management system perform self-checks sequentially to confirm the normal status of fuses in the three-level electrical safety linkage structure of the battery stack-battery cluster-battery pack, and that the one-button trip function supports both local and remote operation. During the data acquisition and status assessment phase, the BMS collects battery pack parameters, the thermal management system provides feedback on the liquid cooling status, and the fire suppression system synchronously monitors smoke and other data. The EMS then evaluates the data and formulates a strategy. During the execution of the charging and discharging strategy, during off-peak hours at night, the EMS controls the PCS to start charging, storing grid energy in the battery pack. During peak hours during the day, the PCS switches to a discharging mode, prioritizing power supply to the industrial park's production equipment, with surplus energy connected to the grid for electricity price arbitrage. During the execution of the thermal management strategy, due to the high daytime ambient temperature, the battery temperature approaches 30°C. The liquid cooling system automatically increases its power to cool the battery cells, ensuring controlled cell temperature. In terms of safety linkage, if a battery pack experiences abnormal cell temperature due to high-current discharge, the BMS immediately initiates active balancing and simultaneously activates the fire suppression system. If smoke is detected inside the compartment, the fire suppression system simultaneously activates dual protection with aerosol and water spray, the BMS cuts off electrical circuits at the millisecond level, and the one-button trip function intervenes to isolate the faulty area, ensuring the normal operation of other battery stacks.

[0033] Example 2: Emergency power backup and low-temperature preheating scenario in commercial complexes System composition: Same as the system in Example 1, deployed in the underground power distribution room of the commercial complex, the prefabricated cabin is adapted to an environment of -30℃~55℃, and the grid connection voltage is 0.4KV.

[0034] Usage: The complex needs to provide emergency power during sudden power outages, and the ambient temperature may drop below 10°C at night in winter. After system startup, all subsystems pass communication self-tests, and the multi-level safety linkage structure completes status confirmation. During the data acquisition and status assessment phase, the BMS monitors that the overall SOC of the battery pack is sufficient, the thermal management system reports a low cabin temperature, and the fire protection system shows no abnormal signals. During the charging and discharging strategy, energy is stored during off-peak hours on weekdays; when a sudden power outage occurs, the EMS immediately switches to discharge mode, and the PCS transmits the battery pack's energy to critical loads such as lighting and elevators through the power distribution system, ensuring personnel evacuation and equipment safety. During the thermal management strategy, because the ambient temperature is below 10°C at night in winter, the liquid cooling system activates its preheating function to gradually increase the cabin temperature, preventing low temperatures from reducing battery activity and affecting discharge efficiency. In terms of safety linkage, if a battery cluster experiences overcurrent due to a sudden increase in load during a power outage, the fuse will trip instantaneously to limit the current. The BMS will then synchronize with the thermal management unit to reduce the liquid cooling power in that area to reduce energy consumption. At the same time, the fire protection system will strengthen the monitoring of combustible gases. If the cell parameters become unbalanced due to long-term standby, the BMS will activate active balancing to balance the status of individual cells and ensure that the output of each battery pack is consistent during emergency discharge.

[0035] Example 3: Load shaving and multi-level protection scenario for logistics and warehousing centers System composition: Same as the system in Example 1, installed in an outdoor prefabricated cabin of the logistics warehousing center, with an IP54 waterproof rating to resist rain and snow, and an operating temperature that covers the temperature difference between winter and summer in the area where the warehousing center is located.

[0036] Usage Process: The sorting equipment in the warehouse center operates intensively in the evening, resulting in large load power fluctuations, requiring peak shaving by the energy storage system. After system startup, the BMS, PCS, and other systems completed millisecond-level communication linkage tests with the fire protection system, confirming the ability to receive real-time risk data such as temperature and smoke. During the data acquisition and status assessment phase, the BMS detected slightly low voltage in some cells within a battery pack, while the thermal management system showed that the liquid cooling power was at a normal level. During the charge / discharge strategy, energy was stored during off-peak hours at midday; during the evening peak load, the EMS adjusted the discharge strategy based on real-time load power, and the PCS prioritized supplementing the power shortage of the sorting equipment, smoothing out grid power fluctuations. During the thermal management strategy, due to the continuous heat generated by the sorting equipment, the battery temperature gradually increased. The liquid cooling system dynamically increased its power to ensure that the cell temperature did not exceed 30°C. In terms of safety linkage, if the BMS detects a slightly low cell voltage, active balancing will be initiated immediately. If a leak in the liquid cooling system pipeline causes an increase in the concentration of combustible gas in the compartment, the fire protection system will trigger an alarm, and the BMS will initiate aerosol fire suppression and water spray. At the same time, the electrical circuit of the battery cluster will be cut off in milliseconds, and the faulty cluster will be remotely isolated by the one-button trip function. The remaining battery stacks will continue to support load peak shaving.

[0037] Example 4: High-Reliability Power Supply and Remote Operation and Maintenance Scenario for Data Centers System composition: Same as the system in Example 1, deployed in the auxiliary power distribution area of ​​the data center. The EMS supports Ethernet / RS485 / CAN protocols and has remote operation and maintenance functions.

[0038] Usage: The data center requires 24 / 7 uninterrupted power supply, with the energy storage system serving as a backup power source and grid peak-shaving unit. After system startup, the remote monitoring interface was debugged via the EMS cloud energy storage platform to confirm real-time monitoring of battery status, thermal management parameters, and fire protection system status. During the data acquisition and status assessment phase, the EMS remotely assessed that the battery health was good, the liquid cooling power of the thermal management system was stable, and the fire protection system showed no risk signals. During the charging and discharging strategy, charging occurred during off-peak hours in the early morning, and discharging occurred during peak grid load periods to supplement some non-core loads in the data center (such as auxiliary power supply for the cooling system), reducing peak grid pressure. During the thermal management strategy, because the data center environment has constant temperature and humidity, the battery temperature is maintained at around 20°C, and the liquid cooling system operates at its base power. If a summer air conditioning malfunction causes a sudden rise in cabin temperature, the liquid cooling system immediately increases its power to cool the temperature down to below 30°C. In terms of safety linkage, if the BMS detects a communication interruption in a battery stack, it will activate the fire suppression system to enhance smoke monitoring in the area. Simultaneously, the EMS will remotely trigger a one-button trip function to pre-isolate the stack and prevent the fault from spreading. If cells experience balancing deviations due to prolonged shallow charging and discharging, the BMS will automatically initiate active balancing without on-site intervention. During operation and maintenance, technicians can remotely calibrate temperature sensor parameters via the EMS to ensure accurate data acquisition and guarantee highly reliable power supply.

[0039] Example 5: Constant Temperature Power Supply and Fault Switching Scenario for Cold Chain Warehouses System composition: Same as the system in Example 1, applied to cold chain storage base, prefabricated cabin is adapted to low temperature environment (-30℃), grid voltage 0.4KV matched to the base power distribution network.

[0040] Usage: Cold chain warehousing requires continuous power to maintain cold storage temperature. During temporary grid maintenance, the energy storage system must seamlessly switch power. After system startup, the one-button trip function can be manually operated locally to handle unexpected maintenance needs. During data acquisition and status assessment, the BMS detects a slight decrease in battery activity at low temperatures, the thermal management system indicates the preheating function is ready to activate, and the fire protection system monitors for flammable gases generated by refrigerant leakage in the cold storage. During the charge / discharge strategy, charging occurs during off-peak hours and discharging during peak hours to supplement the cold storage refrigeration unit's power consumption, reducing electricity costs. Before planned grid maintenance, the EMS switches to discharge mode in advance, with the battery pack providing independent power to ensure stable cold storage temperature. During thermal management, because the ambient temperature at night is below 10℃, the liquid cooling system activates the preheating function to raise the internal temperature and ensure battery activity. During maintenance, the discharge generates heat, causing the temperature to rise; the liquid cooling system dynamically adjusts its power to keep the temperature below 30℃. In terms of safety linkage, if the fire protection system detects that the concentration of combustible gas due to refrigerant leakage exceeds the standard, the BMS will immediately activate dual protection of aerosol and water spray, cut off the electrical circuit in milliseconds, and switch the one-button trip function to the backup power supply mode (such as connecting to the diesel generator interface) to ensure that the power supply to the cold storage is not interrupted; if the battery cells become unbalanced due to low temperature, the BMS will activate active balancing to restore the consistency of the battery pack and support subsequent power supply needs.

[0041] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An integrated industrial and commercial energy storage system that combines multi-level safety linkage with efficient thermal management, characterized in that: This includes lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery packs, battery management systems (BMS), power conversion systems (PCS), thermal management systems, fire protection systems, monitoring systems, energy management systems (EMS), power distribution systems, and prefabricated cabins; The thermal management system is a liquid-cooled temperature control system, which can keep the battery cell temperature below 30°C; the fire protection system is equipped with a thermal aerosol / perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing device and a water sprinkler system, providing dual protection. The BMS is directly connected to the trip switches and fire protection system triggering devices at all levels through an independent security hardware link. It is used to determine the risk level output by the model based on the fusion of multi-sensor data and execute millisecond-level differentiated linkage shutdown commands.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system is equipped with a three-level electrical safety linkage structure consisting of battery stacks, battery clusters, and battery packs, wherein: Fuse are connected in series at the input and output terminals of the battery pack, battery cluster, and battery stack, with fuse specifications of 50A, 200A, and 800A respectively, to isolate overcurrent or short-circuit faults step by step. The one-button tripping function is controlled in parallel by a local button and a remote EMS command. After being triggered, it disconnects the main switch of the battery stack, the battery cluster switch, and the PCS and battery pack connection switch in sequence according to time. An interlocking mechanism is provided to prevent accidental closing.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The BMS has an active balancing function. Its balancing circuit adopts a bidirectional DC-DC topology based on flying capacitor or inductor windings. Voltage sampling and decision control are performed through AFE chip. The balancing response time is ≤10ms, the peak current of a single balancing reaches 10A, and the overall energy utilization rate of the system is ≥95%.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The BMS communicates and works in conjunction with the fire protection system and thermal management unit, and can receive risk data such as cabin temperature, smoke, and combustible gas in real time, and cut off electrical circuits in milliseconds.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The EMS cloud energy storage platform supports Ethernet / RS485 / CAN communication protocols and has functions such as real-time monitoring, remote operation and maintenance, and charging and discharging strategy optimization.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system adopts a prefabricated cabin structure, has an IP54 waterproof rating, an operating temperature range of -30℃ to 55℃, and a grid connection voltage of 0.4KV.

7. A method for operating the system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Data Acquisition and Status Assessment; S2: Charge / discharge strategy execution; S3: Execution of security linkage strategy; S4: Thermal management strategy implementation.

8. The operating method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S2, the charging and discharging strategy is formulated based on the peak and valley electricity price periods of the power grid and the user load power. During the valley electricity period, the power is charged and stored, and during the peak electricity period, the power is discharged to realize electricity price arbitrage or load power supply.

9. The operating method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S3, the safety linkage strategy includes: activating active balancing when the battery cell parameters are abnormal; linking the fire protection system and cutting off the electrical circuit when temperature or smoke triggers an alarm; and switching to backup power supply mode in case of a fault.

10. The operating method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S4, the thermal management strategy dynamically adjusts the power of the liquid cooling system according to the real-time temperature of the battery. When the temperature is below 10°C, preheating is started, and when the temperature exceeds 30°C, the liquid cooling power is increased to reduce the temperature.

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