Battery circuit standby state control method and battery circuit

Abstract

The application discloses a storage battery circuit standby state control method and a storage battery circuit, wherein the control method is used for controlling a unit, and the control method comprises the following steps: intermittently turning on a detection switch by driving the detection switch with a first preset pulse signal, acquiring a detection voltage U x and a detection current I x in real time; generating a real-time impedance value Z of a load end based on the detection voltage U x and the detection current I x acquired in real time, generating an impedance change rate K and an impedance fluctuation amplitude A based on a sequence of the real-time impedance value Z acquired in a unit time; judging a working state of the load end circuit based on the real-time impedance value Z, the impedance change rate K and the impedance fluctuation amplitude A, adjusting the preset pulse signal and controlling a conduction state of a main switch, and the adjusting the preset pulse signal comprises at least one of adjusting a pulse group number, a frequency, a duty cycle or a single-pulse pulse width of the preset pulse signal. The application realizes low-power consumption detection of a load on a load circuit by intermittently turning on the detection switch by driving the detection switch with the pulse signal, and reduces standby energy consumption of the circuit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery energy management and control technology, specifically to a standby state control method for a battery circuit and a battery circuit. Background Technology

[0002] Batteries are widely used in new energy vehicles, electric bicycles, industrial energy storage systems, and portable electronic devices. As a core energy storage component in various devices, batteries experience continuous capacity decay due to self-discharge characteristics and standby power consumption during prolonged standby or non-operation periods. This can lead to over-discharge, reducing battery capacity and cycle life.

[0003] In existing battery retention solutions, the connection between the battery and the standby load is manually switched off to reduce standby power consumption. However, manual switching is cumbersome, easy to forget, and inconvenient to use. Some battery retention solutions have added automatic disconnection protection circuits, but they only disconnect when power needs to be saved and lack automatic wake-up and power restoration capabilities. This results in shortcomings in control safety and response speed, and cannot meet the precise control requirements under complex operating conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to address, to a certain extent, one of the technical problems in the prior art. To this end, the present invention provides a standby state control method for a battery circuit, solving the problem of excessive energy consumption in existing battery circuits.

[0005] In a first aspect, to achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a standby state control method for a battery circuit, used in a control unit, the control method comprising: The detection switch is intermittently turned on by a first preset pulse signal to obtain the load-side detection voltage U in real time. x and detection current I x The first preset pulse signal is a low-frequency narrow pulse signal; Based on the real-time acquired detection voltage U x and detection current I x The real-time impedance value Z at the load end is generated. Based on the sequence of real-time impedance values ​​Z obtained per unit time, the impedance change rate K and the impedance fluctuation amplitude A are generated. The impedance change rate K represents the amplitude of two consecutive impedance value changes at the load end, and the impedance fluctuation amplitude A represents the maximum change value of impedance value Z in several consecutive times. The operating status of the load-side circuit is determined based on the real-time impedance value Z, the impedance change rate K, and the impedance fluctuation amplitude A, so as to adjust the preset pulse signal and control the conduction state of the main switch. Adjusting the preset pulse signal includes adjusting at least one of the following: the number of pulse groups, frequency, duty cycle, or single pulse width of the preset pulse signal.

[0006] In this technical solution, the detection switch is intermittently turned on by the first pulse signal, which reduces the conduction time of the detection circuit and thus reduces the power consumption of the standby circuit. The working status of the load is monitored in real time by monitoring the real-time impedance value Z, impedance change rate K, and impedance fluctuation amplitude A of the load end, thereby realizing the detection of the power supply demand of the load end. By adjusting the preset pulse signal and controlling the switch conduction state, the load end status can be accurately judged and the power supply system can be automatically woken up. This reduces standby power consumption and improves ease of use.

[0007] Preferably, determining the operating state of the load-side circuit based on the real-time impedance value Z, the impedance change rate K, and the impedance fluctuation amplitude A includes: Based on historical data, the impedance value Z, impedance change rate K, impedance fluctuation amplitude A, and load-side circuit operating state are used to construct a load operating state judgment model. The load operating state judgment model is a correlation model between the load-side operating state and the impedance value Z, impedance change rate K, and impedance fluctuation amplitude A. The load-side circuit operating state includes standby steady state, normal light load, load fluctuation, and sudden fault change. The real-time impedance value Z, impedance change rate K, and impedance fluctuation amplitude A are input into the load operating status judgment model, and the operating status of the load-side circuit is judged based on the output results.

[0008] Preferably, adjusting the preset pulse signal and controlling the main switch conduction state includes: Based on the normal light load, load fluctuation and fault sudden change of the load-end circuit, a second preset pulse signal, a third preset pulse signal and a fourth preset pulse signal are respectively configured. The first preset pulse signal, the second preset pulse signal, the third preset pulse signal and the fourth preset pulse signal are set as group pulse signals with the frequency and the number of single group pulses increasing sequentially.

[0009] Preferably, the first preset pulse signal and the second preset pulse signal are set as group pulse signals with a fixed duty cycle of a single pulse, and the third preset pulse signal and the fourth preset pulse signal are both set as group pulse signals with a gradient change in the duty cycle of a single pulse.

[0010] Preferably, the duty cycles of the third preset pulse signal and the fourth preset pulse signal increase arithmetically.

[0011] Preferably, determining the operating state of the load-side circuit based on the output results includes: Based on the load working state judgment model output load end working state, adjust the preset pulse signal to the preset pulse signal corresponding to the state, and obtain the real-time impedance value Z, impedance change rate K and impedance fluctuation amplitude A again. Based on the real-time impedance value Z, impedance change rate K, and impedance fluctuation amplitude A obtained again, the working state of the load-side circuit is determined, and the preset pulse signal is adjusted again to control the main switch conduction state.

[0012] Preferably, the load operating status judgment model constructed based on the historical data of the impedance value Z, impedance change rate K, impedance fluctuation amplitude A, and load-side circuit operating status includes: The impedance value Z, impedance change rate K, and impedance fluctuation amplitude A of the historical data are normalized. A load operating status judgment model is constructed based on the normalized impedance value Z, impedance change rate K, and impedance fluctuation amplitude A.

[0013] Preferably, controlling the on state of the main switch includes: When the load circuit is in a fluctuating operating state, the main switch is turned on; when the load circuit is in another operating state, the main switch is turned off.

[0014] Preferably, the method for calculating the real-time impedance value is as follows: ; The impedance change rate K is: ; The impedance fluctuation amplitude A is: ; in, It is the maximum value among n consecutive impedance values. It is the minimum value among n consecutive impedance values, where n ≥ 5.

[0015] Secondly, to achieve the purpose of the invention, this application also proposes a battery circuit, including a control module and a main circuit. The main circuit includes a battery, a main switch, and a load circuit connected in series. The load circuit includes a standby load and a device load connected in parallel. A detection branch is connected in parallel across the main switch. The detection branch includes a detection switch and a detection resistor. The control module includes a control unit, a current detection unit, and a voltage detection unit. The current detection unit is used to detect the current flowing through the detection resistor in real time. The voltage detection unit is used to detect the voltage across the load circuit in real time. The control unit is used to execute the battery circuit standby state control method as described in any of the above technical solutions. The beneficial effects of the battery circuit proposed in this application are similar to those of the aforementioned battery circuit standby state control method, and will not be repeated here.

[0016] These features and advantages of the present invention will be disclosed in detail in the following specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. The embodiments or means of the present invention will be illustrated in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but are not intended to limit the technical solutions of the present invention. Furthermore, each of these features, elements, and components appearing in the following text and drawings is a plurality, and different symbols or numbers are used for convenience of representation, but all represent parts with the same or similar construction or function. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a battery circuit standby state control method according to this embodiment; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of another battery circuit standby state control method in this embodiment; Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of a battery circuit according to this embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described are intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.

[0019] The terms "an embodiment," "example," or "example" used in this specification refer to a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment itself that may be included in at least one embodiment disclosed in this patent. The phrase "in some embodiments" appearing in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment.

[0020] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances. Furthermore, in the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a standby state control method for a battery circuit, used in a control unit. The control method includes: S101. Drive the detection switch to conduct intermittently with a first preset pulse signal to obtain the load-side detection voltage U in real time. x and detection current I x The first preset pulse signal is a low-frequency narrow pulse signal; S102, Based on the real-time acquired detection voltage U x and detection current I x The real-time impedance value Z at the load end is generated. Based on the sequence of real-time impedance values ​​Z obtained per unit time, the impedance change rate K and the impedance fluctuation amplitude A are generated. The impedance change rate K represents the amplitude of two consecutive impedance value changes at the load end, and the impedance fluctuation amplitude A represents the maximum change value of impedance value Z in several consecutive times. S103. Based on the real-time impedance value Z, impedance change rate K and impedance fluctuation amplitude A, determine the working state of the load-side circuit, so as to adjust the preset pulse signal and control the conduction state of the main switch. Adjusting the preset pulse signal includes adjusting at least one of the following: the number of pulse groups, frequency, duty cycle or single pulse width of the preset pulse signal.

[0022] In this technical solution, the detection switch is intermittently turned on by the first pulse signal, which reduces the conduction time of the detection circuit and thus reduces the power consumption of the standby circuit. The working status of the load is monitored in real time by monitoring the real-time impedance value Z, impedance change rate K, and impedance fluctuation amplitude A of the load end, thereby realizing the detection of the power supply demand of the load end. By adjusting the preset pulse signal and controlling the switch conduction state, the load end status can be accurately judged and the power supply system can be automatically woken up. This reduces standby power consumption and improves ease of use.

[0023] In some embodiments, determining the operating state of the load-side circuit based on the real-time impedance value Z, the impedance change rate K, and the impedance fluctuation amplitude A includes: S201. Based on historical data, the impedance value Z, impedance change rate K, impedance fluctuation amplitude A, and load-side circuit operating state are used to construct a load operating state judgment model. The load operating state judgment model is characterized as a correlation model between the load-side operating state and the impedance value Z, impedance change rate K, and impedance fluctuation amplitude A. The load-side circuit operating state includes standby steady state, normal light load, load fluctuation, and sudden fault change. S202. Input the real-time impedance value Z, impedance change rate K, and impedance fluctuation amplitude A obtained in real time into the load operating state judgment model, and judge the operating state of the load-side circuit based on the output results. In this embodiment, by detecting the impedance value Z, impedance change rate K, and impedance fluctuation amplitude A of the load-side circuit, the connection state of the load-side circuit can be accurately detected. By establishing the load operating state judgment model, the operating state of the load-side circuit can be intuitively obtained and presented.

[0024] Specifically, the method for constructing the load operating status judgment model includes: When the system is operating in standby steady state, record the real-time impedance value Z, impedance change rate K, and impedance fluctuation amplitude A at different times, and establish a historical state matrix with multiple frequency points (time): (Distance from the current time) (State matrix from 1 second ago) , (State matrix s seconds ago) , (Previous time step state feature matrix): ; Adjust the system's operating status (load access) and collect the real-time status matrix. : After the load is connected, the loop impedance drops significantly, and the real-time electrical condition of the load terminal is completely equivalent through multi-frequency impedance vectors. It should be noted that the above implementation method is only an example, and any technical solution that relies on multi-frequency points to construct feature vectors and realize equivalent representation of electrical state is included in the protection scope of this invention.

[0025] A real-time state matrix is ​​established based on continuously collected data per unit time. The eigenvectors of the real-time state matrix and the historical state matrix are calculated. A correlation model is then established based on the real-time eigenvectors and the historical eigenvectors from multiple frequency points. 0= ( , 1); 1= ( , ); 2= ( , ) ; in, This is a difference quantification value, used to characterize the degree of difference between the system's real-time operating state and its historical operating state. 0、 1. 2 represents the degree of difference between the real-time working state and the historical working state of the system at three different frequency points.

[0026] Substituting into the Euclidean distance formula, we can see that: ; ; ; It should be noted that the above calculation method is not intended to limit this application. Any approach that uses mathematical operations to characterize the degree of difference between two sets of data is included within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0027] make , ; ; Set standby steady-state threshold Typical light load threshold Fault sudden change state threshold ; If satisfied ,and ,and If the system is in a stable standby state, then the real-time operating state is determined to be the standby steady state. If satisfied ,and ,and If so, the system's real-time operating state is determined to be a normal light-load state; If satisfied ,and ,and If this occurs, the system's real-time operating status is determined to be a sudden fault change state. If none of the above conditions are met, the system is determined to be in a load fluctuation state. It should be noted that the above implementation method is merely an example; any method that relies on the difference between current and historical feature vectors and determines the electrical state based on data offsets is included within the scope of this invention.

[0028] In some embodiments, adjusting the preset pulse signal and controlling the main switch conduction state includes: Based on the normal light load, load fluctuation and fault sudden change of the load-end circuit, a second preset pulse signal, a third preset pulse signal and a fourth preset pulse signal are respectively configured. The first preset pulse signal, the second preset pulse signal, the third preset pulse signal and the fourth preset pulse signal are set as group pulse signals with the frequency and the number of single group pulses increasing sequentially.

[0029] In some embodiments, the first and second preset pulse signals are set as group pulse signals with a fixed duty cycle for a single pulse, and the third and fourth preset pulse signals are both set as group pulse signals with a gradient change in the duty cycle of a single pulse. Specifically, the first, second, third, and fourth preset pulse signals are constructed using narrow pulses as basic units to establish an impedance-group pulse parameter mapping relationship, and the current detection unit and voltage detection unit acquire the load terminal voltage U in real time. x and current I x Through voltage U x and current I x The load impedance is calculated, and the working state of the load is determined by the impedance. Different preset pulse signals are configured for different working states of the load. Multi-dimensional differential sampling is used to improve anti-interference and detection accuracy. In other embodiments, the pulse signal can also be set to an adaptive adjustment mode. The pulse mode (such as single duty cycle mode, multi-duty cycle mode of group pulse), frequency, duty cycle, etc. of the pulse signal are dynamically adjusted based on the load impedance, so that the pulse signal can adaptively match the changes in load state and improve detection accuracy.

[0030] In some embodiments, the duty cycles of the third preset pulse signal and the fourth preset pulse signal increase arithmetically. For example, the third preset pulse signal consists of four pulses in a single group, with duty cycles increasing arithmetically at 0.2% / 0.4% / 0.6% / 0.8%, and the fourth preset pulse signal consists of five pulses in a single group, with duty cycles increasing arithmetically at 0.3% / 0.5% / 0.7% / 0.9% / 1.0%.

[0031] In some embodiments, determining the operating state of the load-side circuit based on the output result includes: S301. Based on the load working state judgment model output load end working state, adjust the preset pulse signal to the preset pulse signal corresponding to the state, and obtain the real-time impedance value Z, impedance change rate K and impedance fluctuation amplitude A again. S302. Based on the re-acquired real-time impedance value Z, impedance change rate K, and impedance fluctuation amplitude A, the operating status of the load-side circuit is determined, and the preset pulse signal is adjusted again to control the main switch's conduction state. After the preset pulse signal is adjusted, the operating status of the load-side circuit is continuously monitored to achieve more accurate detection and updates. By adjusting the preset pulse signal and the main switch through the real-time updated detection parameters, standby power consumption is reduced while control accuracy is improved.

[0032] In some embodiments, constructing a load operating status judgment model based on the impedance value Z, impedance change rate K, impedance fluctuation amplitude A, and load-side circuit operating status using historical data includes: The impedance value Z, impedance change rate K, and impedance fluctuation amplitude A of the historical data are normalized. A load operating status judgment model is constructed based on the normalized impedance value Z, impedance change rate K, and impedance fluctuation amplitude A. The model is built by normalizing historical data and then using the normalized impedance values ​​Z, impedance change rate K, and impedance fluctuation amplitude A. Normalization eliminates dimensional differences between different features, making the data more suitable for analysis and modeling, and improving the accuracy and stability of the judgment model.

[0033] In some embodiments, controlling the on state of the main switch includes: When the load circuit is in a fluctuating operating state, the main switch is turned on; when the load circuit is in another operating state, the main switch is turned off.

[0034] Specifically, the method for calculating the real-time impedance value is as follows: ; The impedance change rate K is: ; The impedance fluctuation amplitude A is: ; in, It is the maximum value among n consecutive impedance values. It is the minimum value among n consecutive impedance values, where n ≥ 5.

[0035] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, a standby state control method for a battery circuit is used in a control unit, the control method comprising: S401. The detection switch is intermittently turned on by a first preset pulse signal to obtain the load-side detection voltage U in real time. x and detection current I x ; S402, Based on the real-time acquired detection voltage U x and detection current I x Generate the real-time impedance value Z at the load end, and generate the impedance change rate K and impedance fluctuation amplitude A based on the real-time impedance value Z sequence obtained per unit time. S403. Input the real-time impedance value Z, impedance change rate K, and impedance fluctuation amplitude A obtained in real time into the load working state judgment model, and judge the working state of the load terminal circuit based on the output results. S404. When the working state of the load-side circuit is normal light load, load fluctuation or sudden fault change, adjust the first preset pulse signal to the second preset pulse signal, the third preset pulse signal or the fourth preset pulse signal. S405. Based on the adjusted preset pulse signal, the detection switch is driven to conduct intermittently, and the real-time impedance value Z, impedance change rate K and impedance fluctuation amplitude A of the load end are obtained in real time and input into the load working state judgment model. The working state of the load end circuit is judged based on the output results. S406. When the load circuit is in a fluctuating operating state, control the main switch to turn on; when the load circuit is in another operating state, control the main switch to turn off.

[0036] Specifically, this embodiment uses a 12V automotive starter battery as the test carrier and sets a detection resistor. =1kΩ, impedance change judgment threshold =20Ω, five typical load states were selected for experiments: standby steady state, normal light load, load fluctuation (wake-up), sudden fault change (short circuit), and fault recovery. By measuring the three core characteristic values ​​of the main load—real-time impedance Z, impedance change rate K, and impedance fluctuation amplitude A—an energy fluctuation table was automatically generated and corresponding group pulse parameters were configured. All parameters met the low power consumption requirement of a small overall duty cycle for a single group pulse, and the effectiveness of the state self-switching and parameter smooth transition mechanism was verified. The experimental data are as follows: Measured under standby steady state =1500Ω =0.15%, =1.2Ω, the first preset pulse signal is configured as a single duty cycle mode, the group pulse output frequency is 1Hz, the number of single pulses is 2, the single pulse width is 10μs, the duty cycle is 0.01%, the sampling period is 1000ms, and the power consumption of the detection branch is only 35nA, realizing the ultra-long standby time of the battery.

[0037] Measured under normal light load =750Ω =1.8%, =9.5Ω, the second preset pulse signal is configured as a single duty cycle mode, with a frequency of 10Hz, 3 pulses per group, a pulse width of 20μs, a duty cycle of 0.1%, a sampling period of 100ms, and a power consumption of 1.8μA, which balances sampling efficiency and low power consumption.

[0038] Measured under load fluctuations (wake-up, key inserted and turned to the ON position). =280Ω =12% =32Ω, the third preset pulse signal is configured as a multi-duty cycle mode, with a frequency of 60Hz, 4 pulses per group, a pulse width of 40μs, a duty cycle gradient of 0.2% / 0.4% / 0.6% / 0.8%, a sampling period of 50ms, and a power consumption of 12μA. The effective wake-up signal verification can be completed within 50ms.

[0039] Measured under sudden fault change (short circuit, headlight wiring ground) =45Ω =35%, =85Ω, the fourth preset pulse signal is configured as a multi-duty cycle high-frequency mode, with a frequency of 600Hz, 5 pulses per group, a pulse width of 80μs, a duty cycle gradient of 0.3% / 0.5% / 0.7% / 0.9% / 1.0%, a sampling period of 10ms, a power consumption of 48μA, and the main switch can be triggered to disconnect in 0.7ms to avoid safety hazards.

[0040] Measured under fault recovery (normal light load) =720Ω =3.5%, =11Ω, trigger parameter smooth transition mechanism, the group pulse gradually switches from high frequency with multiple duty cycles to single duty cycle, the frequency gradually decreases from 600Hz to 10Hz in 100Hz increments, the duty cycle gradually decreases from 1.0% to 0.1%, the sampling period gradually increases from 10ms to 100ms, the power consumption of the detection branch steadily decreases from 48μA to 1.8μA, there is no current surge during the switching process, and the temperature rise of the detection switch is ≤1.5℃.

[0041] like Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment also proposes a battery circuit, including a control module and a main circuit. The main circuit includes a battery, a main switch K1, and a load circuit connected in series. The load circuit includes a standby load R0 and a device load R1 connected in parallel. A detection branch is connected in parallel across the main switch. The detection branch includes a detection switch K3 and a detection resistor Rs. The control module includes a control unit, a current detection unit, and a voltage detection unit. The current detection unit is used to detect the current flowing through the detection resistor Rs in real time. The voltage detection unit is used to detect the voltage across the load circuit in real time. The control unit is used to execute the battery circuit standby state control method as described in any of the above technical solutions. The beneficial effects of the battery circuit proposed in this embodiment are similar to those of the aforementioned battery circuit standby state control method, and will not be repeated here.

[0042] The foregoing has described specific embodiments of this application. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims may be performed in a different order than that shown in the embodiments and may still achieve the desired results. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require the specific or sequential order shown to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the standby state of a battery circuit, used in a control unit, characterized in that, The control method includes: The detection switch is intermittently turned on by a first preset pulse signal to obtain the load-side detection voltage U in real time. x and detection current I x The first preset pulse signal is a low-frequency narrow pulse signal; Based on the real-time acquired detection voltage U x and detection current I x The real-time impedance value Z at the load end is generated. Based on the sequence of real-time impedance values ​​Z obtained per unit time, the impedance change rate K and the impedance fluctuation amplitude A are generated. The impedance change rate K represents the amplitude of two consecutive impedance value changes at the load end, and the impedance fluctuation amplitude A represents the maximum change value of impedance value Z in several consecutive times. The operating status of the load-side circuit is determined based on the real-time impedance value Z, the impedance change rate K, and the impedance fluctuation amplitude A, so as to adjust the preset pulse signal and control the conduction state of the main switch. Adjusting the preset pulse signal includes adjusting at least one of the following: the number of pulse groups, frequency, duty cycle, or single pulse width of the preset pulse signal.

2. The standby state control method for a battery circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the operating status of the load-side circuit based on real-time impedance value Z, impedance change rate K, and impedance fluctuation amplitude A includes: Based on historical data, the impedance value Z, impedance change rate K, impedance fluctuation amplitude A, and load-side circuit operating state are used to construct a load operating state judgment model. The load operating state judgment model is a correlation model between the load-side operating state and the impedance value Z, impedance change rate K, and impedance fluctuation amplitude A. The load-side circuit operating state includes standby steady state, normal light load, load fluctuation, and sudden fault change. The real-time impedance value Z, impedance change rate K, and impedance fluctuation amplitude A are input into the load operating status judgment model, and the operating status of the load-side circuit is judged based on the output results.

3. The standby state control method for a battery circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, Adjusting the preset pulse signal and controlling the main switch conduction state includes: Based on the normal light load, load fluctuation and fault sudden change of the load-end circuit, a second preset pulse signal, a third preset pulse signal and a fourth preset pulse signal are respectively configured. The first preset pulse signal, the second preset pulse signal, the third preset pulse signal and the fourth preset pulse signal are set as group pulse signals with the frequency and the number of single group pulses increasing sequentially.

4. The standby state control method for a battery circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first and second preset pulse signals are set as group pulse signals with a fixed duty cycle of a single pulse, and the third and fourth preset pulse signals are both set as group pulse signals with a gradient change in the duty cycle of a single pulse.

5. The standby state control method for a battery circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The duty cycle of the third and fourth preset pulse signals increases arithmetically.

6. The standby state control method for a battery circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, Determining the operating state of the load-side circuit based on the output results includes: Based on the load working state judgment model output load end working state, adjust the preset pulse signal to the preset pulse signal corresponding to the state, and obtain the real-time impedance value Z, impedance change rate K and impedance fluctuation amplitude A again. Based on the real-time impedance value Z, impedance change rate K, and impedance fluctuation amplitude A obtained again, the working state of the load-side circuit is determined, and the preset pulse signal is adjusted again to control the main switch conduction state.

7. The standby state control method for a battery circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, Based on historical data, the impedance value Z, impedance change rate K, impedance fluctuation amplitude A, and load-side circuit operating status are used to construct a load operating status judgment model, which includes: The impedance value Z, impedance change rate K, and impedance fluctuation amplitude A of the historical data are normalized. A load operating status judgment model is constructed based on the normalized impedance value Z, impedance change rate K, and impedance fluctuation amplitude A.

8. The standby state control method for a battery circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, Controlling the on / off state of the main switch includes: When the load circuit is in a fluctuating operating state, the main switch is turned on; when the load circuit is in another operating state, the main switch is turned off.

9. The standby state control method for a battery circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The method for calculating the real-time impedance value is as follows: ； The impedance change rate K is: ； The impedance fluctuation amplitude A is: ； in, It is the maximum value among n consecutive impedance values. It is the minimum value among n consecutive impedance values, where n ≥ 5.

10. A battery circuit, comprising a control module and a main circuit, characterized in that, The main circuit includes a battery, a main switch, and a load circuit connected in series. The load circuit includes a standby load and a device load connected in parallel. A detection branch is connected in parallel across the main switch. The detection branch includes a detection switch and a detection resistor. The control module includes a control unit, a current detection unit, and a voltage detection unit. The current detection unit is used to detect the current flowing through the detection resistor in real time. The voltage detection unit is used to detect the voltage across the load circuit in real time. The control unit is used to execute the battery circuit standby state control method as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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