Intelligent interactive battery system and control method

Abstract

The application provides a kind of intelligent interactive battery system and control method, it is related to battery technical field, it aims at solving the single interaction mode of prior art, the problem of not intuitive feedback.The system includes battery core, battery management unit, main controller and man-machine interaction module.Main controller runs state machine program, based on the operation duration of single input element by user and current running state, executes functions such as power-on, power-off or power query, and controls visual indicator and audio unit to provide multi-modal feedback.Main controller also monitors output current, and when current continuously below threshold, it provides pre-power-off prompt and automatically powers off.The application simplifies operation through single-key multi-modal interaction, enriches feedback through sound and light coding, and realizes active intelligent power saving, improves user experience.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery technology, and more specifically, to an intelligent interactive battery system and control method. Background Technology

[0002] Battery-powered devices, especially those used as power banks, are indispensable electronic accessories in daily life. Their interaction with users directly impacts the ease of use of these products.

[0003] Existing battery-powered devices generally have relatively simple interaction methods. Early portable power banks only used a few LED indicator lights to roughly display the remaining power and controlled the on / off state via a physical switch. This method suffers from low information transmission efficiency and a limited interaction method. In addition, their protection mechanisms are mostly passive, such as directly cutting off the power supply in the event of over-discharge, lacking a warning mechanism, which may lead to interruption of the user's ongoing work or data loss.

[0004] To address the issues of power consumption and device damage, several improvements have emerged in existing technologies. For example, Chinese patent application CN201920259076.4 discloses a battery capable of automatic shutdown. This solution integrates a battery management system (BMS), an automatic shutdown unit, a switch assembly, and a display screen, aiming to solve the problems of self-consumption and device damage caused by prolonged operation. Although such solutions achieve a degree of automated management, they still have limitations from the perspective of overall human-machine interaction and energy efficiency optimization.

[0005] For example, many smart battery or power monitoring devices still have weak interactive capabilities, and detailed status information often requires external devices (such as mobile applications) to view, increasing the user's operational burden. While some solutions that integrate digital displays can show accurate battery levels, they also correspondingly increase hardware costs and system power consumption, and their interactive logic often remains at a single functional level, failing to achieve complex function reuse.

[0006] In summary, existing technologies (including existing automatic shutdown solutions) generally lack effective audio-visual collaborative feedback mechanisms and deeper levels of proactive intelligent power-saving management. For example, how can we more accurately enter a deep power-saving state under light or no-load conditions while ensuring a good user experience, or how can we achieve sensory interaction with users through more intuitive proactive prompts when charging is complete or state transitions occur? Therefore, balancing system power consumption, hardware cost, and interaction depth remains a pressing issue in the battery device industry. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent interactive battery system and control method.

[0008] According to one aspect of the present invention, an intelligent interactive battery system includes a battery cell and a battery management unit for monitoring state parameters of the battery cell; the system further includes a main controller connected to the battery management unit; and a human-machine interaction module connected to the main controller, the human-machine interaction module including a single user input element, a visual indicator and an audio feedback unit;

[0009] The main controller is configured as follows: A state machine program is run to determine the current operating state of the battery system, which includes power-on state, power-off state, charging state, and discharging state. Based on the duration of the user's operation on the single user input element, the corresponding operation mode is identified; Based on the current operating status and the operating mode, execute the corresponding function from a variety of functions, including power on, power off, and battery level query; The visual indicator is controlled to provide visual feedback through a combination of color, brightness, and dynamic effects, and the audio feedback unit is controlled to provide audio feedback. The battery management unit monitors the output current, and when the output current remains below a preset current threshold for a preset time period, it performs automatic shutdown after providing a pre-shutdown prompt by controlling the visual indicator and / or the audio feedback unit.

[0010] Preferably, the single user input element is a single physical button, the visual indicator is a ring-shaped array of colored lights, and the audio feedback unit is a buzzer.

[0011] Preferably, the main controller is configured to: when the system is in a power-off state, interpret the operation mode corresponding to the duration of a short press as a power query command, and interpret the operation mode corresponding to the duration of a long press as a power-on command.

[0012] Preferably, the main controller is configured to: control the visual indicator to display a flowing light effect to indicate the charging process when the system is in a charging state; and control the visual indicator to remain constantly lit and control the audio feedback unit to emit a prompt sound when charging is complete.

[0013] Preferably, before executing automatic shutdown, the main controller is further configured to: distinguish between periodic low-current loads and line leakage by analyzing the ripple characteristics of the output current, and suppress the execution of automatic shutdown when the periodic low-current load is detected.

[0014] Preferably, the system further includes a storage unit for storing historical electricity consumption data, and the main controller is further configured to dynamically adjust the preset current threshold based on the historical electricity consumption data stored in the storage unit.

[0015] Preferably, the system further includes a power-off zero-power wake-up circuit, which is configured to be triggered by mechanical operation of the single user input element to supply power to the main controller, which is in a self-locking power supply state via an electrical signal after startup.

[0016] Preferably, the main controller is further configured to: arbitrate multiple concurrent system events based on a preset priority code, and prioritize the human-computer interaction module to feed back information corresponding to the event with the highest priority.

[0017] Preferably, the main controller is configured to ensure that a shutdown prompt tone is played completely before the power is cut off when executing the shutdown procedure.

[0018] According to another aspect of the present invention, a control method for an intelligent interactive battery system is applied to the aforementioned system, the method comprising the following steps: A state machine program is run to determine the current operating state of the battery system, which includes power-on state, power-off state, charging state, and discharging state. Based on the duration of the user's operation on the single user input element, the corresponding operation mode is identified; Based on the current operating status and the operating mode, execute the corresponding function from a variety of functions, including power on, power off, and battery level query; The system controls the visual indicator to provide visual feedback through a combination of color, brightness, and dynamic effects, and controls the audio feedback unit to provide audio feedback; the system monitors the output current via the battery management unit, and when the output current remains below a preset current threshold for a preset period of time, it performs automatic shutdown after providing a pre-shutdown prompt by controlling the visual indicator and / or the audio feedback unit.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: By replacing the traditional multi-button design with single-button polymorphic interaction based on state context and operation duration, the design simplifies user operation logic and improves usability while reducing hardware costs and design complexity. Secondly, by using multi-dimensional combination encoding of color, brightness, and dynamic effects for the visual indicator, the single battery indicator is upgraded into an interactive window that can convey multiple information such as charging progress, system status, and abnormal warnings, greatly enhancing the product's technological feel and user experience.

[0020] By employing intelligent power-saving strategies, traditional passive protection is transformed into proactive intelligent shutdown with early warning, effectively saving power and avoiding the inconvenience caused by sudden power outages, while also making the interaction process more user-friendly. Furthermore, by introducing mechanisms such as zero-power wake-up circuitry, it enables power level checks even when the device is off, and proactively provides audio and visual alerts when charging is complete. This addresses the pain point of users having to turn on the device to check the power level and repeatedly confirm the charging status, significantly improving ease of use. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Other features, objects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 A structural block diagram of an intelligent interactive battery system provided in this application embodiment; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the system state machine transition provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating a smart battery system control method provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a timing diagram of single-key polymorphic interactive signaling provided for an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. These embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several changes and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0023] Example 1 This embodiment provides a basic implementation scheme for an intelligent interactive battery system, which fully demonstrates the core technical concepts of single-key multi-state interaction based on state machine, multi-dimensional audio-visual coding feedback, and active intelligent power saving.

[0024] Please see Figure 1 The diagram illustrates a structural block diagram of an intelligent interactive battery system according to one embodiment of this application. The system primarily comprises a battery cell, a battery management unit, a main controller, and a human-machine interface module in its physical structure.

[0025] Specifically, the battery cell serves as the energy source for the entire system. In one embodiment of this application, one or more lithium polymer batteries connected in parallel or series may be used, with a total capacity, for example, designed to be 10,000 mAh and a nominal voltage of 3.7 volts. The battery cell provides electrical energy to other parts of the system through electrical connections.

[0026] The battery management unit (BMU), directly connected to the electrodes of the battery cell, ensures the safe operation of the battery cell. As an optional implementation, the BMU can be an integrated protection circuit module, such as containing a dedicated battery protection integrated circuit (e.g., the HY2110 series chip) and a matching power metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET). This unit can monitor the battery cell voltage in real time to prevent it from exceeding a preset overcharge protection threshold (e.g., 4.25 volts) or falling below a preset over-discharge protection threshold (e.g., 2.7 volts). Correspondingly, the BMU also integrates a current detection circuit, for example, using a low-resistance current sensing resistor to monitor the charging and discharging current, thereby achieving overcurrent protection and short-circuit protection. It should be noted that the BMU also has the ability to communicate with the main controller. In this embodiment, the two can be connected via an I2C serial bus, and the BMU can report key status parameters such as the collected battery voltage, current, temperature, and calculated remaining charge percentage to the main controller.

[0027] The main controller, as the control core of the entire intelligent interactive battery system, is responsible for all complex logic judgments, state management, and interactive control. In this embodiment, the main controller is preferably a low-power microcontroller unit, such as a microcontroller based on the ARM Cortex-M0+ core. Its characteristics include providing sufficient computing power while possessing multiple low-power operating modes (such as sleep mode and stop mode), which is crucial for extending the standby time of the battery system. The main controller connects to various components of the human-machine interface module through its multiple general-purpose input / output pins and communicates with the battery management unit via the I2C bus. The main controller internally contains firmware, the core of which includes a state machine, a user input parsing algorithm, an audio-visual feedback encoding library, and intelligent power-saving strategies.

[0028] The human-computer interaction module, serving as the physical interface for communication between the user and the battery system, comprises three parts: a single physical button, a ring-shaped LED array, and a buzzer. All are connected to and controlled by the main controller. The single physical button, the user's sole input element, is a normally open tactile switch in this embodiment. One end is grounded, and the other end is connected to a general-purpose input / output pin of the main controller configured for input mode and with its internal pull-up resistor enabled. This pin is also configured to trigger an external interrupt, allowing the main controller to be woken up by button operation even in deep sleep mode. The ring-shaped LED array, the system's main visual indicator, consists of 12 independently addressable full-color LEDs (e.g., WS2812B) connected in series in a circular array. The entire array requires only one data line to connect to a general-purpose input / output pin of the main controller. The main controller controls the color (24-bit RGB) and brightness of each LED by sending precisely timed serial data packets, thus achieving complex dynamic lighting effects. As an audio feedback unit, the buzzer can be a passive piezoelectric buzzer, driven by a transistor or MOSFET through a pin of the main controller that supports pulse width modulation output. The main controller can drive the buzzer to produce sounds of different pitches and rhythms by outputting pulse width modulation signals of different frequencies and duty cycles.

[0029] The following will combine Figure 2 The system state machine transition diagram shown is as follows: Figure 3 The system control method flowchart shown and Figure 4 The single-key polymorphic interaction signaling timing diagram shown below provides a detailed description of the working process of the intelligent interactive battery system in this embodiment.

[0030] The state machine program running inside the main controller is the core of the technical solution of this application. This state machine manages at least the following core states: power-off state S1, operating state S2, charging state S3, low-battery state S4, and standby state S5. The main controller records its current state through an internal variable and switches between these states based on external events (such as button operation or charger connection) and internal conditions (such as battery level or load current), thereby implementing context-based interaction logic.

[0031] In the power-off state S1, the system can perform a power level query function. When the system is initially in the power-off state S1, the main controller is in deep sleep mode with extremely low power consumption. If the user needs to check the power level, they can briefly press (e.g., press and release for less than 2 seconds) a single physical button. Figure 4As shown in Scenario 1, the button signal Line1 generates a low-level pulse. A falling edge interrupt on the button wakes up the main controller (MCU state Line2 changes from sleep to wake). Upon wake-up, the main controller immediately starts an internal timer to measure the button press duration. When the button is released, if the timer count is less than a preset 2-second threshold, it is determined as a "short press" operation. At this time, the main controller executes the power query function (corresponding to...). Figure 3 In steps S102 to S105, the main controller requests the current battery percentage data from the battery management unit via the I2C bus. Assuming the battery level is 75%, the main controller generates a corresponding control signal based on preset color coding rules (e.g., green for 80%-100%, blue for 20%-80%, and red for below 20%) to drive the ring-shaped LED array to display a solid blue light (light signal Line 3). This light effect lasts for 3 seconds for user viewing. After 3 seconds, the main controller does not perform any other operations but directly re-enters deep sleep mode, and the system returns to the shutdown state S1. During this process, the buzzer does not sound (sound signal Line 4 is inactive).

[0032] For the power-on function, when the system is in the power-off state S1, the user can press and hold (for example, for a duration of 2 seconds or more) a single physical button. Figure 4 As shown in Scenario 2, the main controller is woken up and starts timing. When the timer count reaches 2 seconds, the main controller determines it as a "long press" operation (corresponding to...). Figure 2 The system then transitions to state S1 and performs the power-on function. Specifically, the main controller first switches its internal state variables to operating state S2, and then starts supplying power to the external load by controlling a power MOSFET (not shown). Simultaneously, it queries the battery management unit for the current battery level and drives the ring-shaped LED array to display the corresponding color (e.g., green) based on the battery level. To provide clear feedback, the main controller also drives a buzzer to emit a short "beep" sound (e.g., at a frequency of 2kHz for 50 milliseconds). At this point, the system is fully in operating state S2 and continuously supplies power.

[0033] This embodiment also provides an intelligent shutdown function. When the system is in working state S2, a low-priority timed task inside the main controller will periodically (e.g., once per second) execute the current monitoring process (corresponding to...). Figure 3Step S106). This task reads the current output current value from the battery management unit via the I2C bus. The main controller maintains a timer or counter to record the time the output current remains below a preset threshold (50 mA in this embodiment). If a read current value is greater than or equal to 50 mA, the timer is reset; if the read current value remains less than 50 mA, the timer increments. When the timer accumulates to 120 seconds (i.e., the preset time period), (corresponding to...)... Figure 3 If the judgment step S107 is "Yes", the main controller determines that the system is in a light load or no load state and triggers the intelligent shutdown process (step S108). To avoid sudden power failure, the system will first execute a pre-shutdown prompt: the main controller controls the ring-shaped colored light array to flash red three times in a breathing motion, while driving the buzzer to emit a three-beat interval "beep-beep-beep" prompt sound. After the pre-shutdown prompt lasts for about 3 seconds, the main controller then performs the shutdown action, that is, cuts off the external power supply and puts itself into deep sleep, and the system then transitions to the shutdown state S1.

[0034] In addition, the system also supports manual shutdown. In working state S2, if the user wishes to manually turn off the device, they can also perform the operation of pressing and holding a single physical button for more than 2 seconds. After the main controller detects the long press signal, it will immediately execute the shutdown procedure, which includes: controlling all the ring-shaped colored lights to turn off, driving the buzzer to emit a slightly longer "beep-" as a shutdown confirmation tone, and then cutting off the external power supply, entering the shutdown state S1.

[0035] During charging, when the system is connected to an external charger through its charging interface (e.g., USB-C interface), the charging management circuit detects a valid input voltage and notifies the main controller (corresponding to...) Figure 2 (Transition condition T2). At this point, regardless of whether the system is currently in shutdown state S1 or operating state S2, it will switch to charging state S3. In charging state S3, the main controller periodically obtains the charging progress (i.e., battery percentage) from the battery management unit and controls the ring-shaped light array to display a dynamic flowing light effect based on this progress. For example, if the charging progress is 50%, 6 of the 12 LEDs in the ring-shaped light array will be lit, and they will circle the ring with blue light dots to visually simulate the charging process. When the battery management unit reports that the battery is fully charged (e.g., the charging current is less than the set trickle threshold), the main controller changes the interactive feedback: it controls all the LEDs in the ring-shaped light array to turn green and drives the buzzer to emit a 2-second prompt sound to clearly inform the user that charging is complete.

[0036] Through the above design, the intelligent interactive battery system of this embodiment not only realizes the combined control of power on / off and power query with a single button, but also provides richer and more intuitive status information than traditional LED indicator lights through the sound and light synergy feedback of the ring light and buzzer. At the same time, it also has an active intelligent shutdown strategy with warning function, thereby improving the intelligence level and interactive experience of the system.

[0037] Example 2 As an optional implementation, this embodiment makes a significant optimization to the intelligent power-saving strategy in Embodiment 1, aiming to improve the system's adaptability to different load types and avoid accidental shutdown of low-power devices in normal use. The core of this optimization lies in adding load characteristic identification capabilities to the main controller.

[0038] The hardware structure of this embodiment is exactly the same as that of Embodiment 1, including a battery cell, a battery management unit, a main controller, and a human-machine interface module consisting of a single physical button, a ring-shaped LED array, and a buzzer. The main difference lies in the addition of an algorithm module for analyzing the output current ripple characteristics in the firmware of the main controller.

[0039] In Example 1, when the main controller detects that the output current remains below 50 mA in operating state S2, it initiates a 120-second automatic shutdown countdown. However, some electronic devices (such as Bluetooth headsets and smart bracelets) do not exhibit stable DC power consumption characteristics during standby or low-power operation; instead, they display periodic pulsed currents. Their average current may be very low, but instantaneous currents fluctuate. Using only the average current as a criterion might misjudge these normally functioning devices as being unloaded and trigger a shutdown.

[0040] To address this issue, the control method in this embodiment is improved as follows: When the main controller detects that the condition of output current below 50 mA is met for the first time, it does not immediately start a 120-second shutdown countdown, but instead first enters a "load identification" subroutine. This subroutine executes the following steps: First, high-frequency current sampling is performed. The main controller, through its built-in analog-to-digital converter or by instructing the battery management unit, continuously samples the output current at a high frequency (e.g., 1 kHz) for a short period (e.g., 100 milliseconds), thereby obtaining a data sequence containing 100 current samples, denoted as . .

[0041] Next, ripple characteristics are calculated. The main controller performs mathematical analysis on the 100 current samples collected to quantify the degree of current fluctuation, i.e., the ripple characteristics. A simple and effective calculation method is to calculate the variance of this set of samples. Specifically, the average value of the samples is calculated first. Then calculate the variance. The magnitude of this variance directly reflects the dispersion of the current signal, i.e., the fluctuation amplitude.

[0042] Finally, load type determination is performed. The main controller will calculate the variance. With a preset "ripple threshold" Compare. If This indicates a significant fluctuation in the output current, even if its average value is low. Based on this, the main controller determines that the currently connected load is a low-power load operating periodically, rather than a true no-load or line leakage. In this case, the main controller will suppress automatic shutdown behavior. Specifically, it can pause the intelligent shutdown timer and re-identify the load after a longer period (e.g., 5 minutes). Conversely, if... This indicates that the output current is very stable, close to a straight line. Based on this, the main controller determines that it is indeed in an unloaded state or that there is only a slight DC leakage. Only under these circumstances will the main controller start the 120-second automatic shutdown countdown described in Example 1.

[0043] By introducing this load characteristic identification algorithm based on current ripple analysis, the intelligent battery system in this embodiment can intelligently distinguish between "true no-load" and "low-power working load". This greatly expands its applicable scenarios while ensuring energy saving. It can be well compatible with various low-power, intermittently operating modern electronic devices, avoids the problem of accidental shutdown caused by overly simplistic power-saving strategies, and improves the intelligence level and practicality of the system.

[0044] Example 3 This embodiment, based on Embodiments 1 and 2, has undergone in-depth optimization at both the hardware and software levels, aiming to achieve ultimate standby power consumption control and a more personalized intelligent power-saving strategy. To this end, this embodiment introduces a zero-power wake-up circuit in the power-off state and implements an adaptive adjustment function for the intelligent power-saving threshold.

[0045] First, regarding the implementation of the zero-power wake-up circuit in the power-off state. In Example 1, the main controller is in deep sleep mode in power-off state S1, and still has a static current at the microamp level. In order to achieve theoretical zero power consumption, this example has made a special design to the hardware circuit of the power switch section, adopting a "mechanical trigger, electrical self-locking" structure.

[0046] The specific circuit structure is as follows: A P-channel MOSFET is connected in series between the positive terminal of the battery cell and the main power supply rail of the system as the main power switch. The gate of this P-channel MOSFET is connected to the positive terminal of the battery through a pull-up resistor to ensure that, under default conditions, the gate and source are both at a high level, and the P-channel MOSFET is reliably cut off. At this time, the entire subsequent circuit (including the main controller) is completely disconnected from the battery cell, with no current consumption. A single physical button is mechanically connected in parallel with a momentary switch. The function of this momentary switch is to instantly pull the gate of the P-channel MOSFET to ground when the button is pressed.

[0047] Its operation can be divided into two stages: zero-power wake-up and power-locking. In the zero-power wake-up stage, the system is powered off, with zero static power consumption. When the user presses a single physical button, its mechanical action closes a momentary switch, forcibly pulling the gate of the P-channel MOSFET low. Because the gate voltage is lower than the source voltage, the P-channel MOSFET conducts, and the battery's power flows instantaneously to the subsequent circuitry, powering on the main controller. In the power-locking stage, the main controller's firmware is specially designed so that its first batch of instructions after power-on includes setting a specific general-purpose input / output pin to push-pull output and outputting a high level. This general-purpose input / output pin is connected to the gate or base of an N-channel MOSFET or NPN transistor via a resistor. The drain of the N-channel MOSFET is connected to the gate of the aforementioned P-channel main power switch, and its source is grounded. Therefore, when the main controller's general-purpose input / output pin outputs a high level, the N-channel MOSFET conducts, continuously pulling the gate of the P-channel main power switch to ground. In this way, even after the user releases a single physical button and the mechanical triggering path is broken, the electrical path formed by the N-channel MOSFET controlled by the main controller can still maintain the main power switch in the on state, thus achieving "self-locking" of the power supply state.

[0048] This design allows the system to consume almost no power when powered off, significantly extending battery idle time. Simultaneously, it provides the hardware foundation for interactive functions in the power-off state (such as the short-press power check described in Example 1). Once the main controller completes the power query and displays it, simply outputting a low level on the general-purpose input / output pin used for self-locking turns off the N-channel MOSFET, pulls the gate of the P-channel main power switch high with a pull-up resistor, and the main power supply is then cut off, returning the system to a zero-power power-off state.

[0049] Secondly, regarding the adaptive adjustment function of the intelligent power-saving threshold. In Examples 1 and 2, the no-load current threshold used to determine the current is a fixed 50 mA. However, different users have different usage habits and the types of devices connected vary greatly. To make the power-saving strategy more tailored to each user's specific situation, this example introduces an adaptive threshold adjustment mechanism.

[0050] To address this, a storage unit for storing historical electricity consumption data was added to the system. This storage unit can be a non-volatile memory integrated within the main controller, such as electrically erasable programmable read-only memory or flash memory. Correspondingly, a data logging and analysis module was added to the main controller's firmware.

[0051] The operation process is as follows: During each system operation in state S2, the main controller periodically samples the output current and calculates the average load current for this operating cycle, using it as historical power consumption data points. When the system is normally shut down, the main controller stores this data point in non-volatile memory. To save space and simplify calculations, only the average current data from the most recent N (e.g., N=10) effective operating cycles can be retained, forming a sliding data window. Each time the system is powered on, or periodically, the main controller reads the N historical average current data points from the memory and dynamically calculates a new intelligent power-saving current threshold based on these data. There are various calculation methods; for example, a specific proportion of the weighted average of these N historical data points can be taken, such as... ,in It is the historical average current. k is a coefficient less than 1 (e.g., 0.1).

[0052] In this way, It is no longer a fixed value. For example, if a user primarily uses this battery system to power high-power devices, its historical average current might be around 2 amps, and the system will automatically calculate... It might be adjusted to 200 mA; however, if another user primarily uses it to power small sensor nodes, the historical average current might only be 30 mA. It may then be automatically reduced to 3 mA. This adaptive threshold mechanism enables the intelligent power-saving strategy to learn user habits, thereby finding a better balance between energy saving and avoiding accidental shutdown in different application scenarios, achieving personalized and intelligent power management.

[0053] Example 4 This embodiment primarily focuses on the reliability, security, and integrity of system interaction and user experience under complex and abnormal conditions. To this end, this embodiment introduces a priority arbitration mechanism for complex states and precisely controls the synchronization of audio-visual feedback.

[0054] The hardware structure of this embodiment is the same as that of Embodiment 1, and its key improvement also lies in the firmware design of the main controller.

[0055] First, regarding the priority arbitration mechanism for compound states. In the actual operation of a battery system, multiple events may occur simultaneously. For example, the battery may overheat while charging, or a user may connect a high-current load when the battery is low, causing overcurrent. Without clear arbitration rules, the system's feedback may become chaotic, or even important safety warnings may be ignored.

[0056] This embodiment solves this problem through an arbitration structure based on priority encoding and bitmasks. In the main controller's firmware, an 8-bit priority code is predefined for various critical events that may occur in the system; a higher value represents a higher priority. For example: Overheating event (safety related): Priority 255; Overcurrent / short circuit events (safety related): Priority 250; Battery power is critically low (low battery state S4): Priority 200; Charging complete event: Priority 100; Charging event (charging state S3): Priority 90; Normal working state (working state S2): priority 50.

[0057] The main controller's background service continuously monitors various parameters reported by the battery management unit and the system's own status. When one or more events occur, the corresponding event flag is set. The arbitration logic checks all set event flags and identifies the event with the highest priority value. Once the highest priority event is determined, the main controller forces the human-machine interface module to execute the feedback mode associated with that highest priority event and temporarily masks or overrides the feedback of all other lower priority events.

[0058] As a specific scenario example: Suppose the system is in charging state S3, and the ring-shaped LED array is normally displaying a blue flowing light effect (corresponding to priority 90). At this time, due to excessively high ambient temperature or internal fault, the battery management unit detects that the battery temperature exceeds the warning value and reports it to the main controller, triggering an "over-temperature event" (corresponding to priority 255). The arbitration logic finds that the priority of the "over-temperature event" (255) is much higher than the priority of the "charging event" (90). Therefore, the main controller will immediately interrupt the current blue flowing light effect and instead control the ring-shaped LED array to display a red emergency flashing light, and drive the buzzer to emit a rapid, high-frequency alarm sound. This feedback mode will continue until the over-temperature state is resolved. In this way, it can be ensured that under any circumstances, the event that poses the greatest threat to the safety of users and equipment will always receive the highest priority and most prominent warning.

[0059] Secondly, regarding the synchronization and integrity control of audio-visual feedback. To enhance the refinement of the interactive experience and avoid situations such as the power being cut off before the shutdown prompt tone finishes playing, this embodiment has precisely arranged the feedback timing in processes such as shutdown. In a preferred embodiment, the main controller can use an internal hardware timer as a unified "heartbeat" time base to synchronously generate pulse width modulation signals that drive the brightness changes of the ring-shaped colored light array and pulse width modulation signals that drive the buzzer to sound. This helps to achieve complex audio-visual synchronization effects.

[0060] Specifically, when the system executes the shutdown process (whether manual or intelligent automatic shutdown), the main controller strictly follows the preset timing sequence. First, it triggers audio feedback by sending a command to the buzzer to start playing a preset shutdown prompt tone (e.g., a sound effect lasting 500 milliseconds). Simultaneously, a software timer is started, with a duration slightly longer than the prompt tone length (e.g., 550 milliseconds). During the timer's wait period, the main controller can perform visual feedback for shutdown, such as gradually dimming the lights in the ring-shaped light array. It should be noted that the main controller will block and wait until the software timer times out. Only after confirming that the prompt tone has played for a sufficient amount of time will it perform the final step: cutting off the main power supply (e.g., by setting the control general-purpose input / output pins low via the self-locking circuit described in Example 3).

[0061] Through this precise timing control, this embodiment ensures that the user receives complete and clear feedback information when the device is powered off, making the entire interaction process smoother, more complete, and more reliable.

[0062] Those skilled in the art will understand that, besides implementing the system and its various devices, modules, and units provided by this invention in the form of purely computer-readable program code, the same functions can be achieved entirely through logical programming of the method steps, making the system and its various devices, modules, and units of this invention function in the form of logic gates, switches, application-specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, and embedded microcontrollers. Therefore, the system and its various devices, modules, and units provided by this invention can be considered as a hardware component, and the devices, modules, and units included therein for implementing various functions can also be considered as structures within the hardware component; alternatively, the devices, modules, and units for implementing various functions can be considered as both software modules implementing the method and structures within the hardware component.

[0063] Specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be arbitrarily combined with each other.

Claims

1. An intelligent interactive battery system, comprising a battery cell and a battery management unit for monitoring the state parameters of the battery cell; characterized in that, The system also includes a main controller connected to the battery management unit; and a human-machine interaction module connected to the main controller, the human-machine interaction module including a single user input element, a visual indicator and an audio feedback unit; The main controller is configured as follows: A state machine program is run to determine the current operating state of the battery system, which includes power-on state, power-off state, charging state, and discharging state. Based on the duration of the user's operation on the single user input element, the corresponding operation mode is identified; Based on the current operating status and the operating mode, execute the corresponding function from a variety of functions, including power on, power off, and battery level query; The visual indicator is controlled to provide visual feedback through a combination of color, brightness, and dynamic effects, and the audio feedback unit is controlled to provide audio feedback. The battery management unit monitors the output current, and when the output current remains below a preset current threshold for a preset time period, it performs automatic shutdown after providing a pre-shutdown prompt by controlling the visual indicator and / or the audio feedback unit.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The single user input element is a single physical button, the visual indicator is a ring-shaped array of colored lights, and the audio feedback unit is a buzzer.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main controller is configured to interpret the operation mode corresponding to the short press operation duration as a power query command and the operation mode corresponding to the long press operation duration as a power-on command when the system is in a power-off state.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main controller is configured to: when the system is in a charging state, control the visual indicator to display a flowing light effect to indicate the charging process; and when charging is complete, control the visual indicator to remain constantly lit and control the audio feedback unit to emit a prompt sound.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before executing automatic shutdown, the main controller is also configured to: distinguish between periodic low-current loads and line leakage by analyzing the ripple characteristics of the output current, and suppress the execution of automatic shutdown when the periodic low-current load is detected.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes a storage unit for storing historical electricity consumption data, and the main controller is further configured to dynamically adjust the preset current threshold based on the historical electricity consumption data stored in the storage unit.

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes a power-off zero-power wake-up circuit, which is configured to be triggered by the mechanical operation of the single user input element to supply power to the main controller, which is in a self-locking power supply state via an electrical signal after startup.

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main controller is also configured to: arbitrate multiple concurrent system events based on a preset priority code, and prioritize the human-computer interaction module to feed back information corresponding to the event with the highest priority.

9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, When executing the shutdown procedure, the main controller is configured to ensure that the shutdown prompt tone is played completely before the power is cut off.

10. A control method for an intelligent interactive battery system, applied to the system described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: A state machine program is run to determine the current operating state of the battery system, which includes power-on state, power-off state, charging state, and discharging state. Based on the duration of the user's operation on the single user input element, the corresponding operation mode is identified; Based on the current operating status and the operating mode, execute the corresponding function from a variety of functions, including power on, power off, and battery level query; The system controls the visual indicator to provide visual feedback through a combination of color, brightness, and dynamic effects, and controls the audio feedback unit to provide audio feedback; the system monitors the output current via the battery management unit, and when the output current remains below a preset current threshold for a preset period of time, it performs automatic shutdown after providing a pre-shutdown prompt by controlling the visual indicator and / or the audio feedback unit.

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