Method, device and equipment for controlling maximum allowed power of super capacitor and medium

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of super capacitor maximum allowable power control method, device, equipment and medium, applied to super capacitor management system field.The method comprises: obtaining the first, second and third preset power limit value with different discharge gradient;In the limited state of the current target discharge power limit value being the second or third preset power limit value, in response to detecting that the rapid acceleration event ends, the voltage rate of change of a plurality of super capacitor monomers in a super capacitor pack within a preset time window is obtained with time;Select the minimum absolute value in the absolute value of the above rate of change, and compare with preset recovery threshold;When the minimum absolute value is less than or equal to the threshold, the target discharge power limit value of the super capacitor pack is recovered and switched to the first preset power limit value.The application dynamically perceives the internal charge redistribution and polarization elimination state of super capacitor monomer, replaces the simple fixed time waiting mechanism, helps to timely restore high-power output under the premise of safety, improves the power response experience in continuous acceleration scenario.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of supercapacitor management technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, equipment and medium for controlling the maximum allowable power of a supercapacitor. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of new energy vehicles and energy storage, one of the core functions of a supercapacitor management system (CMS) is to calculate and control the maximum allowable power (SOP) of the supercapacitor to meet the power requirements of the entire vehicle while ensuring the lifespan of the supercapacitor cells. To cope with varying load conditions such as rapid acceleration and hill climbing, existing supercapacitor management systems typically employ multi-level power limit mapping tables with different discharge capabilities, such as discharge limits for different time scales. In actual operation, when the accumulated discharge charge of the supercapacitor pack exceeds the set safety range, the system executes a degradation protection strategy, switching the target discharge power limit from a high power level to a lower power level, thereby preventing excessive wear or safety hazards caused by continuous high-current discharge in individual supercapacitor cells.

[0003] However, existing power recovery control strategies often have limitations after the power limit of supercapacitors is downgraded. Currently, the commonly used recovery mechanism relies primarily on fixed time accumulation rules, requiring the supercapacitor to operate continuously under low load for a preset fixed duration before switching to a higher power limit. This control method, relying on a static time window, is relatively rigid and fails to consider the actual physical recovery characteristics within the supercapacitor cells. This results in the system continuing to limit power output even after the supercapacitor cells have stabilized and are capable of high-power discharge again after a high-load operation, because the fixed time has not yet been completed. This often leads to a lag in the vehicle's power recovery, affecting the vehicle's power response agility and overall driving experience. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method, device, equipment, and medium for controlling the maximum allowable power of a supercapacitor, so as to solve the power recovery lag problem caused by the fixed time window switching strategy mentioned in the background art, and to achieve SOP dynamic adaptive accelerated recovery based on the true polarization state of the supercapacitor cell while ensuring the safety of the supercapacitor cell.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, according to a first aspect of the present invention, a method for controlling the maximum allowable power of a supercapacitor is provided, applied to a supercapacitor management system, comprising:

[0006] Obtain a first preset power limit, a second preset power limit, and a third preset power limit corresponding to different continuous discharge capabilities, wherein the discharge capability corresponding to the first preset power limit is higher than the discharge capability corresponding to the second preset power limit and the third preset power limit.

[0007] When the current target discharge power limit of the supercapacitor pack is the second preset power limit or the third preset power limit, in response to the detection of the end of the rapid acceleration event, the rate of change of voltage of multiple supercapacitor cells in the supercapacitor pack over time within a preset time window is obtained.

[0008] The absolute values ​​of the rate of change of voltage over time for each of the plurality of supercapacitor cells are obtained, and the smallest absolute value among all the absolute values ​​is selected.

[0009] The minimum absolute value is compared with a preset recovery threshold.

[0010] When the minimum absolute value is less than or equal to the preset recovery threshold, the target discharge power limit of the supercapacitor pack is restored and switched to the first preset power limit.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the response to detecting the end of the rapid acceleration event includes:

[0012] Obtain the signal strength and duration of the acceleration request signal;

[0013] When the signal strength is greater than a preset strength threshold and the duration is greater than a preset time threshold, it is determined that the rapid acceleration event is in the occurrence state;

[0014] When the rapid acceleration event changes from being in the occurrence state to no longer meeting the above conditions, it is determined that the rapid acceleration event has ended.

[0015] The step of obtaining the rate of change of voltage over time of multiple supercapacitor cells within the supercapacitor pack within a preset time window includes:

[0016] The first terminal voltage of each supercapacitor cell at the first sampling time and the second terminal voltage at the second sampling time are collected respectively, wherein the first sampling time is a preset time after the end of the rapid acceleration event is detected, and the time interval between the first sampling time and the second sampling time constitutes the preset time window.

[0017] Based on the difference between the first terminal voltage and the second terminal voltage, and the preset time window, the rate of change of the voltage of each supercapacitor cell over time is calculated.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the response to detecting the end of the rapid acceleration event includes:

[0019] Obtain the discharge current and duration of the supercapacitor pack;

[0020] When the discharge current is greater than the current threshold and the duration is greater than the preset time threshold, it is determined that the rapid acceleration event is in the occurrence state.

[0021] When the rapid acceleration event changes from being in the occurrence state to no longer meeting the above conditions, it is determined that the rapid acceleration event has ended.

[0022] The step of obtaining the rate of change of voltage over time of multiple supercapacitor cells within the supercapacitor pack within a preset time window includes:

[0023] The first terminal voltage of each supercapacitor cell at the first sampling time and the second terminal voltage at the second sampling time are collected respectively, wherein the first sampling time is a preset time after the end of the rapid acceleration event is detected, and the time interval between the first sampling time and the second sampling time constitutes the preset time window.

[0024] Based on the difference between the first terminal voltage and the second terminal voltage, and the preset time window, the rate of change of the voltage of each supercapacitor cell over time is calculated.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the method further includes:

[0026] When the minimum absolute value is greater than the preset recovery threshold, the current dynamic power recovery is abandoned, and a time-accumulated base power recovery mechanism is executed, including:

[0027] Monitor the discharge current of the supercapacitor pack;

[0028] When the target discharge power limit is the third preset power limit, and the discharge current is less than or equal to the current limit corresponding to the third preset power limit, and this condition persists for a first preset cumulative duration, the target discharge power limit is switched from the third preset power limit to the second preset power limit.

[0029] When the target discharge power limit is the second preset power limit, and the discharge current is less than or equal to the current limit corresponding to the second preset power limit, and this condition persists for a second preset cumulative duration, the target discharge power limit is switched from the second preset power limit to the first preset power limit.

[0030] In one possible implementation, the method further includes a degradation triggering step as a global basic protection, comprising:

[0031] The discharge current of the supercapacitor pack is monitored in real time, and the integral of the discharge current with respect to time is calculated within a preset sliding time window ending at the current time.

[0032] If the integral exceeds the first preset charge limit when the current target discharge power limit is the first preset power limit, then the target discharge power limit is lowered to the second preset power limit.

[0033] If the integral exceeds the second preset charge limit when the current target discharge power limit is the second preset power limit, then the target discharge power limit is lowered to the third preset power limit.

[0034] If the current target discharge power limit is the third preset power limit, then the third preset power limit is maintained unchanged.

[0035] In one possible implementation, the online update steps for the first preset power limit, the second preset power limit, and the third preset power limit include:

[0036] Obtain the current health status coefficient, real-time state of charge, current highest temperature, and current lowest temperature of the supercapacitor pack;

[0037] Using the first mapping table, second mapping table, and third mapping table corresponding to the first preset power limit, the second preset power limit, and the third preset power limit respectively, the first current limit under each mapping table is obtained by looking up the table based on the real-time state of charge and the current highest temperature, and the second current limit under each mapping table is obtained by looking up the table based on the real-time state of charge and the current lowest temperature.

[0038] For each mapping table, the smaller value between the first current limit and the second current limit is taken, and the allowable current value of the corresponding power limit is determined by multiplying it with the health status coefficient, so as to dynamically update the first preset power limit, the second preset power limit and the third preset power limit online.

[0039] In one possible implementation, the preset recovery threshold is a constant that is pre-calibrated and stored in the supercapacitor management system;

[0040] The constant represents the absolute value of the critical rate of change of a single supercapacitor cell when the proportion of its internal polarization voltage drops to a preset safety limit and it has the ability to withstand high-power discharge after experiencing a large current discharge.

[0041] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a control device for the maximum allowable power of a supercapacitor is provided, applied to a supercapacitor management system, comprising:

[0042] The limit acquisition module is used to acquire a first preset power limit, a second preset power limit, and a third preset power limit corresponding to different continuous discharge capabilities, wherein the discharge capability corresponding to the first preset power limit is higher than the discharge capability corresponding to the second preset power limit and the third preset power limit.

[0043] The rate of change acquisition module is used to acquire the rate of change of voltage of multiple supercapacitor cells in the supercapacitor pack over a preset time window in response to the detection of the end of a rapid acceleration event when the current target discharge power limit of the supercapacitor pack is the second preset power limit or the third preset power limit.

[0044] An extreme value screening module is used to obtain the absolute value of the rate of change of voltage over time for each of the multiple supercapacitor cells, and select the minimum absolute value among all the absolute values.

[0045] The comparison and judgment module is used to compare the minimum absolute value with a preset recovery threshold.

[0046] The dynamic recovery module is used to restore the target discharge power limit of the supercapacitor pack to the first preset power limit when the minimum absolute value is less than or equal to the preset recovery threshold.

[0047] According to a third aspect of the present invention, an electronic device is provided, comprising:

[0048] Memory, used to store computer programs;

[0049] A processor for executing the computer program to implement the method for controlling the maximum permissible power of the supercapacitor as described in the first aspect above.

[0050] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored, wherein when executed by a processor, the computer program implements the method for controlling the maximum permissible power of a supercapacitor as described in the first aspect above.

[0051] The above-described one or more technical solutions in the embodiments of this application have at least one or more of the following technical effects:

[0052] This invention provides a method and related apparatus for controlling the maximum allowable power of a supercapacitor. Compared to existing strategies that rely on fixed-time accumulation for power recovery, this invention constructs a dynamic sensing mechanism based on the actual physical characteristics of the supercapacitor cells by acquiring the rate of change of voltage of each supercapacitor cell over time after a rapid acceleration event. Specifically, this invention compares the minimum absolute value of the voltage change rate among multiple supercapacitor cells with a preset recovery threshold to accurately pinpoint the supercapacitor cell with the slowest polarization elimination within the supercapacitor pack, objectively quantifying the stability of the internal electrochemical state while ensuring safety boundaries. When the minimum absolute value meets the threshold condition, the system can break through the conventional time waiting limit and adaptively restore the target discharge power limit directly to the first preset power limit with the highest discharge capacity. This solution effectively overcomes the defect of delayed vehicle power recovery under continuous high-load conditions, enabling the vehicle to release its maximum available power earlier, significantly improving power response agility and driving experience in continuous acceleration scenarios, while also achieving a better balance between the long-term operational safety of the supercapacitor and overall power performance.

[0053] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention are described below. Attached Figure Description

[0054] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for controlling the maximum allowable power of a supercapacitor according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0055] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the modular structure of a control device for the maximum permissible power of a supercapacitor according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0056] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 100, Limit value acquisition module; 200, Rate of change acquisition module; 300, Extreme value screening module; 400, Comparison and judgment module; 500, Dynamic recovery module. Detailed Implementation

[0057] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0058] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present invention. Rather, they are merely examples of systems and methods consistent with some aspects of the invention as detailed in the appended claims.

[0059] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for controlling the maximum allowable power of a supercapacitor according to an exemplary embodiment, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, it is applied to a supercapacitor management system, and the method includes:

[0060] In step S100, a first preset power limit, a second preset power limit, and a third preset power limit, corresponding to different continuous discharge capabilities, are obtained, wherein the discharge capability corresponding to the first preset power limit is higher than the discharge capabilities corresponding to the second and third preset power limits. Specifically, during operation, the supercapacitor management system is configured with a multi-level power limit strategy with different discharge capabilities to adapt to different load conditions such as rapid acceleration and continuous climbing, while taking into account the service life and long-term operational safety of the supercapacitor cells. In this embodiment, the system pre-obtains the configured first preset power limit, second preset power limit, and third preset power limit, which essentially correspond to physical discharge boundaries of different time scales or intensities.

[0061] Furthermore, to meet the power surge demands of the vehicle under transient high-load conditions, the first preset power limit is set to correspond to the highest level of discharge capability. In contrast, the second and third preset power limits correspond to lower degradation protection discharge capabilities or normal steady-state discharge capabilities. Therefore, physically, the discharge capability corresponding to the first preset power limit is necessarily higher than that corresponding to the second and third preset power limits. By constructing the aforementioned differentiated multi-level power limit architecture, not only can a buffer echelon be provided for the system to execute degradation protection, but also a clear execution target and judgment benchmark are provided for subsequent dynamic adaptive recovery of power limits based on the actual state of the supercapacitor cells. This greatly enhances the scheduling flexibility of the vehicle's power output while ensuring the system's safety boundaries.

[0062] In step S200, when the current target discharge power limit of the supercapacitor pack is the second preset power limit or the third preset power limit, in response to the detection of the end of a rapid acceleration event, the rate of change of voltage over time of multiple supercapacitor cells within the supercapacitor pack within a preset time window is obtained. Specifically, after the supercapacitor pack has experienced a period of high-load discharge accumulation, for safety considerations of degraded protection, the current target discharge power limit of the system is now limited to the second preset power limit or the third preset power limit, where the discharge capacity is relatively weaker. In this degraded state, the system continuously monitors the operating conditions of the vehicle to find a recovery opportunity. In response to the detection of the end of a rapid acceleration event, such as the underlying logic recognizing a significant drop in the high-current output command or a significant decrease in the vehicle's torque demand, this indicates that the high-intensity electrochemical reaction inside the supercapacitor cells has temporarily ended, and the supercapacitor pack has entered a relatively low-load physical relaxation stage.

[0063] Furthermore, to accurately capture the actual physical recovery process of a single supercapacitor cell during this relaxation phase, the system opens a preset time window after the trigger point of the acceleration event ends. Within this window, the terminal voltages of multiple supercapacitor cells within the supercapacitor pack are continuously collected, and the rate of voltage change over time is calculated. This rate of voltage change over time serves as a core criterion, effectively characterizing the transient rebound of the ohmic voltage drop inside the supercapacitor cell and the rate of elimination of the electrochemical polarization state after the removal of a heavy load. Compared to the traditional rigid waiting method that relies on a static fixed duration, obtaining the dynamic voltage change rate within the preset time window can objectively map the reconstruction process of the chemical equilibrium state inside the supercapacitor cell to the greatest extent possible, thus providing solid and fundamental physical data support for breaking through the fixed time barrier and achieving adaptive dynamic power assessment.

[0064] In step S300, the absolute values ​​of the rate of change of voltage over time for each of the multiple supercapacitor cells are obtained, and the smallest absolute value among all the absolute values ​​is selected. Specifically, during the physical relaxation phase after a rapid acceleration event, the rebound trajectory and fluctuation direction of the terminal voltage of different supercapacitor cells often differ due to differences in their internal resistance, aging degree, or thermal environment. To purely quantify the severity of the dynamic change in the terminal voltage of the supercapacitor cells and eliminate mathematical sign interference caused by voltage rebound or local dynamic oscillations, the system calculates and obtains the absolute values ​​of the rate of change of voltage over time for each of the multiple supercapacitor cells within the preset time window. This mathematical processing can effectively avoid logical misjudgments caused by the difference in positive and negative signs when the underlying control algorithm extracts feature states.

[0065] Furthermore, after obtaining the absolute values ​​of all individual cells, the system performs a global traversal within the current time window and selects the smallest absolute value among all the absolute values. From the perspective of the underlying electrochemistry of the supercapacitor, after removing the high-rate load, the smaller the absolute value of the voltage change rate, the slower the rate of ohmic voltage drop recovery and electrochemical polarization elimination within the cell, and the more delayed the smoothing process of its internal ion concentration gradient. Therefore, by extracting this minimum absolute value, the system can accurately identify the weakest supercapacitor cell within the supercapacitor pack, characterized by the slowest polarization elimination and the most stringent physical recovery state. Using the voltage dynamic change characteristics of this weakest supercapacitor cell as a characterization index, the system can objectively and reliably quantify the overall stability of the internal electrochemical state while maximizing the balance between the overall consistency differences of the supercapacitor pack, thus providing the most conservative and reliable safety benchmark for the subsequent dynamic switching of power limits.

[0066] In step S400, the minimum absolute value is compared with a preset recovery threshold. Specifically, after selecting the minimum absolute value that characterizes the most severe polarization recovery state within the supercapacitor pack, the system uses it as the core criterion for evaluating the internal physical state of the supercapacitor and quantitatively compares it with the preset recovery threshold pre-configured in the underlying control logic. This preset recovery threshold essentially characterizes the reference boundary for the elimination of electrochemical polarization within a single supercapacitor cell to a safe state. It is used to define whether the dynamic fluctuations of the supercapacitor cell's terminal voltage have converged to a stable range where it can once again bear high-power loads.

[0067] Furthermore, by performing this comparison operation, the supercapacitor management system can objectively and accurately assess the gap between the current actual physical recovery process of the slowest supercapacitor cell undergoing polarization elimination and the target stable state. This verification mechanism based on underlying real-time feedback data effectively replaces the traditional rigid fixed-time cumulative judgment. By using this minimum absolute value as a benchmark for comparison, it ensures that even the slowest recovering cell within the supercapacitor pack is included in a rigorous safety consideration, thus providing a solid and reliable data support and control logic foundation for subsequently allowing the breaking of degradation limits and the execution of adaptive power increases.

[0068] In step S500, when the minimum absolute value is less than or equal to the preset recovery threshold, the target discharge power limit of the supercapacitor pack is restored to the first preset power limit. Specifically, when the minimum absolute value obtained by the underlying comparison logic is less than or equal to the preset recovery threshold, from the underlying electrochemical physical essence, it indicates that even the weakest link supercapacitor cell, which has the slowest charge redistribution and polarization elimination process and the most stringent physical recovery state, has had its terminal voltage dynamic fluctuation amplitude fully converged to the set safe range. This means that the ohmic voltage drop inside the supercapacitor cell and the charge diffusion hysteresis effect inside the electrodes have been greatly reduced, and the internal ion concentration distribution is expected to return to a relatively stable equilibrium state. This state constitutes the core criterion for determining that the supercapacitor pack as a whole has the ability to carry high-rate transient discharge again.

[0069] Furthermore, based on the aforementioned objective and quantitative assessment of the actual physical state of the supercapacitor cells, the system control logic no longer rigidly waits for a fixed preset time of blind accumulation. Instead, it proactively executes a power recovery strategy, adaptively increasing the current target discharge power limit of the supercapacitor pack to restore the first preset power limit with the highest discharge capacity. By constructing this adaptive recovery mechanism based on dynamic perception of polarization state, the lag in vehicle power recovery caused by static time waiting in traditional strategies is effectively overcome. This not only enables the vehicle to release its maximum available power earlier while strictly adhering to the long-term operational safety boundary of the supercapacitor, effectively improving the vehicle's power response agility under high-frequency, high-load conditions such as continuous rapid acceleration or overtaking, but also perfectly achieves a dynamic balance between ensuring system safety and pursuing ultimate power performance.

[0070] By acquiring the rate of change of voltage in a single supercapacitor cell over time after a rapid acceleration event, a dynamic sensing mechanism based on the actual physical characteristics of the supercapacitor cells is constructed. Specifically, this invention compares the minimum absolute value of the voltage change rate among multiple supercapacitor cells with a preset recovery threshold. This allows for precise identification of the supercapacitor cell with the slowest polarization elimination within the supercapacitor pack, objectively quantifying the stability of the internal electrochemical state while ensuring safety boundaries. When this minimum absolute value meets the threshold condition, the system can break through conventional time waiting constraints and adaptively restore the target discharge power limit directly to the first preset power limit with the highest discharge capacity. This solution effectively overcomes the defect of delayed vehicle power recovery under continuous high-load conditions, enabling the vehicle to release its maximum available power earlier, significantly improving power response agility and driving experience in continuous acceleration scenarios, while also achieving a good balance between the long-term operational safety of the supercapacitor and overall power performance.

[0071] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0072] In an exemplary embodiment, the response to the detection of the rapid acceleration event ending includes:

[0073] Obtain the signal strength and duration of the acceleration request signal;

[0074] When the signal strength is greater than a preset strength threshold and the duration is greater than a preset time threshold, it is determined that the rapid acceleration event is in the occurrence state;

[0075] When the rapid acceleration event changes from being in the occurrence state to no longer meeting the above conditions, it is determined that the rapid acceleration event has ended.

[0076] The step of obtaining the rate of change of voltage over time of multiple supercapacitor cells within the supercapacitor pack within a preset time window includes:

[0077] The first terminal voltage of each supercapacitor cell at the first sampling time and the second terminal voltage at the second sampling time are collected respectively, wherein the first sampling time is a preset time after the end of the rapid acceleration event is detected, and the time interval between the first sampling time and the second sampling time constitutes the preset time window.

[0078] Based on the difference between the first terminal voltage and the second terminal voltage, and the preset time window, the rate of change of the voltage of each supercapacitor cell over time is calculated.

[0079] Specifically, for the identification and status determination of rapid acceleration events, the art often relies on quantitative evaluation based on the driver's operational intent or the output of the underlying system. Preferably, the supercapacitor management system can obtain the signal strength and duration of the acceleration request signal through the vehicle controller local area network bus. The acceleration request signal mentioned here can be represented by the accelerator pedal opening or by the actual value of the total discharge current of the supercapacitor.

[0080] For example, when the accelerator pedal opening is greater than or equal to a preset intensity threshold of 80%, and the duration of this state is greater than or equal to a preset time threshold of 1 second, or when redundant logic detects a short-term high current corresponding to a first preset power limit, and the duration is greater than or equal to 1 second, the system can effectively determine that the rapid acceleration event is occurring. Using the vehicle controller local area network bus signal for identification not only has high data accuracy but also low communication latency at the engineering level.

[0081] Furthermore, when the vehicle's operating load decreases, for example, when the accelerator pedal opening is significantly reduced or the high-current output command is revoked, causing the system's underlying logic to no longer meet any of the above triggering conditions, the system can determine that the high-energy-consuming physical process of rapid acceleration has terminated, and thus accurately determine that the rapid acceleration event has ended.

[0082] Furthermore, in order to accurately extract physical characteristic values ​​that can truly characterize the electrochemical polarization elimination rate without excessively consuming the microcontroller unit's computing resources, the system will perform high-frequency and rigorous voltage sampling and data processing after the detection of a rapid acceleration event ends.

[0083] Specifically, although the current sampling frequency of supercapacitor cell voltage can typically reach 100 milliseconds or even shorter, in order to filter transient high-frequency dynamic fluctuations and obtain a stable recovery trend with reliable physical meaning, the system collects the first terminal voltage of each supercapacitor cell at the first sampling time and the second terminal voltage at the second sampling time. Here, the first sampling time is set to a preset delay time after the end of the rapid acceleration event, for example, 2 seconds after the end of the event. This can effectively avoid the violent voltage rebound region caused by the internal ohmic resistance of the supercapacitor cell when the load is just removed. The time interval between the first sampling time and the second sampling time constitutes the preset time window. In order to balance calculation accuracy and resource allocation, this preset time window is preferably set to 2 seconds.

[0084] After acquiring the data from the aforementioned key sampling points, the system, based on the mathematical difference between the first terminal voltage and the second terminal voltage, and combined with the time span of the preset time window, strictly calculates the rate of change of voltage over time for each of the supercapacitor cells according to the underlying logic. Specifically, for the i-th supercapacitor cell, its rate of change of voltage over time is quantified using the following mathematical relationship:

[0085]

[0086] in, This represents the rate of change of the voltage of the i-th supercapacitor cell over time during the considered time period. This indicates the first sampling time. Indicates the second sampling time. This represents the first terminal voltage of the i-th supercapacitor cell acquired at the first sampling time. This represents the second terminal voltage of the i-th supercapacitor cell acquired at the second sampling time. The denominator in the above formula represents the preset time window for calculating the slope. This calculation result objectively and quantitatively maps the recovery rate of the supercapacitor cell's terminal voltage per unit time, and is a core criterion that can effectively characterize the speed at which the internal polarization state of a supercapacitor cell is eliminated.

[0087] In an exemplary embodiment, the response to the detection of the rapid acceleration event ending includes:

[0088] Obtain the discharge current and duration of the supercapacitor pack;

[0089] When the discharge current is greater than the current threshold and the duration is greater than the preset time threshold, it is determined that the rapid acceleration event is in the occurrence state.

[0090] When the rapid acceleration event changes from being in the occurrence state to no longer meeting the above conditions, it is determined that the rapid acceleration event has ended.

[0091] The step of obtaining the rate of change of voltage over time of multiple supercapacitor cells within the supercapacitor pack within a preset time window includes:

[0092] The first terminal voltage of each supercapacitor cell at the first sampling time and the second terminal voltage at the second sampling time are collected respectively, wherein the first sampling time is a preset time after the end of the rapid acceleration event is detected, and the time interval between the first sampling time and the second sampling time constitutes the preset time window.

[0093] Based on the difference between the first terminal voltage and the second terminal voltage, and the preset time window, the rate of change of the voltage of each supercapacitor cell over time is calculated.

[0094] Specifically, for the identification of rapid acceleration events, this embodiment provides a determination mechanism based on the actual physical output state of the underlying supercapacitor cells. The supercapacitor management system continuously monitors the discharge current of the supercapacitor pack and the duration of this discharge state during operation. Combined with the underlying control logic, when the actual discharge current of the entire pack is detected to be greater than a set current threshold, and the duration of this high-energy-consuming state is greater than or equal to a preset time threshold, the system can effectively confirm that the rapid acceleration event has occurred.

[0095] To match the multi-level power protection strategy, preferably, the aforementioned current threshold can be set to the maximum allowable current in the 10-second continuous discharge mapping table, while the preset time threshold can be set to 1 second. This identification method, directly based on current characteristics, can accurately and intuitively map the objective state of a supercapacitor cell under high-intensity loads. Furthermore, when the vehicle's power demand decreases, causing the discharge current to drop, and the system determines that the current state no longer simultaneously meets the composite conditions of the aforementioned high current and its duration, the system can accurately determine that the rapid acceleration event has ended, marking the supercapacitor cell officially entering the physical relaxation and polarization recovery phase.

[0096] Furthermore, after confirming the termination of the rapid acceleration energy consumption process, the system immediately initiates a feature extraction process aimed at quantifying the polarization elimination rate. To avoid excessive consumption of microcontroller unit computing resources by high-frequency transient sampling and to ensure the physical accuracy of the extracted features, the system collects the first terminal voltage of each supercapacitor cell at the first sampling time and the second terminal voltage at the second sampling time. Here, the first sampling time is specifically marked as a preset delay time after the detection of the end of the rapid acceleration event, for example, set to the 2nd second after the end of the event. Introducing this delay can effectively avoid the severe voltage rebound caused by the internal ohmic resistance of the supercapacitor cell when the load is just removed, thereby capturing a more representative electrochemical polarization elimination trend. The time interval between the first sampling time and the second sampling time constitutes the preset time window. In order to balance algorithm sensitivity and resource scheduling, the preset time window is preferably marked as 2 seconds. After acquiring the voltage data of the above key nodes, the system directly calculates the rate of change of the voltage of each supercapacitor cell over time based on the mathematical difference between the first terminal voltage and the second terminal voltage, combined with the time span of the preset time window, strictly according to the underlying logic described above. This calculation process does not rely on complex nonlinear fitting and can objectively quantify the recovery rate of the voltage at the terminal of a single supercapacitor per unit time with minimal computational overhead, thus serving as the core physical basis for judging the degree of reconstruction of the internal electrochemical equilibrium state.

[0097] In an exemplary embodiment, the method further includes:

[0098] When the minimum absolute value is greater than the preset recovery threshold, the current dynamic power recovery is abandoned, and a time-accumulated base power recovery mechanism is executed, including:

[0099] Monitor the discharge current of the supercapacitor pack;

[0100] When the target discharge power limit is the third preset power limit, and the discharge current is less than or equal to the current limit corresponding to the third preset power limit, and this condition persists for a first preset cumulative duration, the target discharge power limit is switched from the third preset power limit to the second preset power limit.

[0101] When the target discharge power limit is the second preset power limit, and the discharge current is less than or equal to the current limit corresponding to the second preset power limit, and this condition persists for a second preset cumulative duration, the target discharge power limit is switched from the second preset power limit to the first preset power limit.

[0102] Specifically, when the minimum absolute value obtained by the underlying comparison logic is greater than the preset recovery threshold, it indicates that some individual supercapacitors within the supercapacitor pack are still in the rapid recovery phase, and the dynamic recovery slope of their terminal voltage has not yet converged to a smooth, safe range. To strictly adhere to the safety boundaries of the supercapacitors and avoid exacerbating polarization or creating safety hazards due to hasty recovery to high power, the system control logic will proactively abandon this direct power jump operation based on dynamic sensing characteristics. At this point, the supercapacitor management system will seamlessly revert to and continue using the time-accumulated basic power recovery mechanism as a safety fallback strategy for long-term system operation.

[0103] Furthermore, during the execution of the aforementioned basic power recovery mechanism, the system continuously monitors the actual discharge current of the supercapacitor pack to assess the current load status of the vehicle. To achieve a smooth recovery, the system employs a dual judgment condition combining a time window and a current threshold. When the target discharge power limit is at the lowest level of the third preset power limit, the system requires the supercapacitor pack to operate stably under a lower load.

[0104] Specifically, when the discharge current is detected to be less than or equal to the continuous discharge current limit corresponding to the third preset power limit, and this low-power steady-state operation continues for a first preset cumulative duration, the system will determine that the supercapacitor cell has obtained sufficient basic relaxation, and then gradually switch the target discharge power limit from the third preset power limit to the second preset power limit with higher discharge capacity in a step-by-step manner.

[0105] Preferably, in conjunction with the underlying multi-level power control architecture, the aforementioned third preset power limit corresponds to the continuous discharge mapping table limit, the second preset power limit corresponds to the 30-second discharge mapping table limit, and the first preset cumulative duration can be calibrated to 60 seconds.

[0106] Similarly, when the target discharge power limit is at the second preset power limit, the system also relies on steady-state operation supplemented by time-accumulated closed-loop control for a more reliable recovery determination. When the actual discharge current is detected to be less than or equal to the 30-second current limit corresponding to the second preset power limit, and this low-load state continues for the second preset accumulation time, the system confirms that the supercapacitor cell has the ability to cope with transient high loads again, and then switches the target discharge power limit from the second preset power limit back to the first preset power limit, thereby effectively restoring the vehicle's rapid acceleration capability.

[0107] For example, the first preset power limit corresponds to the 10-second discharge mapping table limit, while the second preset accumulation time can also be uniformly calibrated to 60 seconds. This closed-loop characteristic based on low-power steady-state operation and time accumulation provides a highly reliable backup control link when dynamic sensing conditions are not met, greatly preventing frequent switching of power limits. While ensuring the user's subsequent acceleration response, it effectively protects the long-term health of the supercapacitor cells.

[0108] In an exemplary embodiment, the method further includes a degradation triggering step as a global basic protection, comprising:

[0109] The discharge current of the supercapacitor pack is monitored in real time, and the integral of the discharge current with respect to time is calculated within a preset sliding time window ending at the current time.

[0110] If the integral exceeds the first preset charge limit when the current target discharge power limit is the first preset power limit, then the target discharge power limit is lowered to the second preset power limit.

[0111] If the integral exceeds the second preset charge limit when the current target discharge power limit is the second preset power limit, then the target discharge power limit is lowered to the third preset power limit.

[0112] If the current target discharge power limit is the third preset power limit, then the third preset power limit is maintained unchanged.

[0113] Specifically, to provide a highly rigorous and reliable safety margin for individual supercapacitor cells under complex vehicle operating conditions, this application constructs a degradation triggering logic based on differentiated time scales. During the daily operation of the supercapacitor management system, the underlying control strategy monitors the actual discharge current of the supercapacitor pack in real time. Considering that different intensities of high-energy-consuming output lead to significantly different rates of polarization and heat accumulation within the supercapacitor cells, the system does not simply rely on integration within a single time dimension. Instead, it performs charge integration calculations for different power limit states, matching their respective sliding time windows. This pre-processing differentiation logic constitutes the core criterion for determining whether a single supercapacitor cell faces overload risk at a corresponding time scale.

[0114] Furthermore, during vehicle start-up or initial rapid acceleration, the target discharge power limit currently in effect is defaulted to the first preset power limit corresponding to the highest discharge capacity. At this time, the system calculates the integral of the discharge current over time within the first preset sliding time window, ending at the current moment. Since the first preset power limit is primarily used to address short-term, extreme burst demands, the first preset sliding time window is correspondingly set to a relatively short time span, for example, 10 seconds. Its underlying mathematical logic is based on the following formula:

[0115]

[0116] in, This represents the real-time collected vehicle discharge current. Indicates the current moment. to This constitutes the first preset sliding time window of 10 seconds. This represents the charge limit of the 10-second discharge mapping table corresponding to the first preset power limit, i.e., the first preset charge limit. If the underlying logic determines that the accumulated charge obtained from the above integral calculation exceeds this limit, i.e., it determines that the supercapacitor cell has a short-term overload trend, the system will immediately perform an initial degradation action, lowering the target discharge power limit to the second preset power limit corresponding to a medium discharge capacity, thereby effectively curbing the continuous output of high-rate current.

[0117] Furthermore, after the initial downgrade, if the vehicle continues to operate under a high load, the currently effective target discharge power limit is restricted to the second preset power limit. To objectively quantify the heat accumulation under this downgraded state, the system will switch the time evaluation scale and calculate the integral of the discharge current over time within the second preset sliding time window, ending at the current moment. Since the second preset power limit is designed to handle moderate-intensity continuous loads, the time span of the second preset sliding time window is necessarily longer than that of the first preset sliding time window; for example, it can be set to 30 seconds. The specific judgment criteria are as follows:

[0118]

[0119] in, to This constitutes a second preset sliding time window of 30 seconds. This represents the charge limit of the 30-second discharge mapping table corresponding to the second preset power limit, i.e., the second preset charge limit. If the underlying integral calculation result exceeds the second preset charge limit, it objectively indicates that the supercapacitor pack is in a continuous overload state for a long period. The system will further execute a secondary degradation strategy to lower the target discharge power limit to the third preset power limit corresponding to the long-term steady-state operation capability.

[0120] Finally, with the target discharge power limit now restricted to the third preset power limit, since this power level corresponds to the continuous discharge mapping table and represents the absolute boundary of the safe power that a single supercapacitor cell can withstand under long-term continuous operation, the underlying control logic no longer adds any time integration dimension restrictions, and the system maintains the third preset power limit unchanged. This differentiated control mechanism, distinguishing between the first and second preset sliding time windows and supplemented by rigorous underlying integration calculations, not only completely eliminates the control ambiguity caused by a single window, but also ensures that the multi-level degradation protection strategy precisely matches the actual physical and chemical tolerance limits of the supercapacitor cell at different time scales, thereby maximizing the effective protection of the overall lifecycle health of the supercapacitor.

[0121] In an exemplary embodiment, the online update step for the first preset power limit, the second preset power limit, and the third preset power limit includes:

[0122] Obtain the current health status coefficient, real-time state of charge, current highest temperature, and current lowest temperature of the supercapacitor pack;

[0123] Using the first mapping table, second mapping table, and third mapping table corresponding to the first preset power limit, the second preset power limit, and the third preset power limit respectively, the first current limit under each mapping table is obtained by looking up the table based on the real-time state of charge and the current highest temperature, and the second current limit under each mapping table is obtained by looking up the table based on the real-time state of charge and the current lowest temperature.

[0124] For each mapping table, the smaller value between the first current limit and the second current limit is taken, and the allowable current value of the corresponding power limit is determined by multiplying it with the health status coefficient, so as to dynamically update the first preset power limit, the second preset power limit and the third preset power limit online.

[0125] Specifically, to ensure the control accuracy and safety boundaries of the supercapacitor management system throughout the vehicle's entire lifecycle and under various complex environments, the first, second, and third preset power limits are not fixed static constants, but rather require periodic online dynamic updates based on the underlying logic. In this update step, the system first collects and acquires the current health status coefficient, real-time state of charge, current highest temperature, and current lowest temperature of the supercapacitor pack in real time. The health status coefficient objectively reflects the degree of lifespan loss and performance degradation of individual supercapacitor cells due to usage time or charge-discharge cycles, and its value typically shows a gradual decreasing trend from 100%. The real-time state of charge characterizes the actual remaining usable power within the supercapacitor pack. The simultaneous extraction of the current highest and lowest temperatures can maximize the consideration of potential thermal field differences within the entire supercapacitor pack caused by uneven thermal management or differences in physical location.

[0126] Furthermore, for the acquired core physical and environmental parameters, the system's underlying logic performs multi-dimensional spatial lookup calculations using the first, second, and third mapping tables corresponding to the first, second, and third preset power limits, respectively. These mapping tables are essentially calibration reference tables generated based on massive supercapacitor cell charge-discharge bench test data at different time scales, such as 10-second transient, 30-second short-term, and continuous steady-state conditions. During the specific lookup process, for any of the above mapping tables, the control system uses the real-time state of charge and the current highest temperature as a joint input index to obtain the first current limit under the corresponding high-temperature environmental conditions through lookup interpolation; in parallel, the system also uses the same real-time state of charge and the current lowest temperature as a joint input index to obtain the second current limit under the corresponding low-temperature or cold-end environmental conditions through lookup interpolation. By introducing the highest and lowest temperatures for dual-track lookup, the system effectively covers the physical tolerance limits of each supercapacitor cell under different thermodynamic states within the supercapacitor pack.

[0127] Furthermore, after obtaining the two sets of current boundaries reflecting the thermal extreme differences of the system, in order to strictly adhere to the safety baseline of the weakest supercapacitor cell and prevent the risk of local overheating or overvoltage, the system control logic rigorously compares and selects the smaller value between the first current limit and the second current limit for each mapping table. This smaller value objectively represents the most reliable discharge current threshold that the supercapacitor pack can tolerate under its actual physical and thermal conditions. Subsequently, the system performs a mathematical process of multiplying the extracted smaller value with the aforementioned health state coefficient. Introducing the health state coefficient as a derating multiplication factor calculation mechanism can proportionally physical convert and correct the decrease in absolute discharge capacity of the supercapacitor due to aging. Based on the above rigorous underlying deduction, the system finally determines the allowable current value for each corresponding power limit, thereby dynamically updating the first preset power limit, the second preset power limit, and the third preset power limit online. This dynamic calibration method, based on multiple real-time state parameters and health derating factors, enables the multi-level power protection strategy to highly adapt to the aging evolution of individual supercapacitor cells and the changing thermal environment. While ensuring safe operation throughout the entire life cycle to the greatest extent, it effectively taps into and releases the true power potential of the supercapacitor pack.

[0128] In an exemplary embodiment, the preset recovery threshold is a constant that is pre-calibrated and stored in the supercapacitor management system;

[0129] The constant represents the absolute value of the critical rate of change of a single supercapacitor cell when the proportion of its internal polarization voltage drops to a preset safety limit and it has the ability to withstand high-power discharge after experiencing a large current discharge.

[0130] Specifically, to objectively define when a single supercapacitor cell truly completes physical relaxation and is capable of outputting high power again, the system's underlying control logic introduces a preset recovery threshold. This preset recovery threshold is not a randomly set dynamic variable, but rather a constant pre-calibrated and stored in the non-volatile memory of the supercapacitor management system. For example, a typical value of this constant can be strictly calibrated to 0.001V / s. From the perspective of the underlying electrochemical mechanism, this constant physically characterizes the absolute value of the critical rate of change at which the ohmic voltage drop and charge diffusion lag within the electrodes of a single supercapacitor cell gradually subside after experiencing high-energy-consuming, high-current discharge and the load is removed. When the proportion of internal polarization voltage drops to a preset safety limit, for example, less than or equal to 5%, the rate of voltage recovery tends to level off. Reaching this leveling stage objectively means that the physicochemical state inside the supercapacitor cell has been largely reconstructed to an equilibrium state, and it is expected to be able to withstand, for example, a 10-second high-power, high-current discharge again, effectively ensuring that its terminal voltage will not fall below the set physical safety lower limit under the next load impact.

[0131] Furthermore, to fully meet the implementation needs of those skilled in the art and ensure that the acquisition of this constant has rigorous underlying logical support and engineering margin, the specific bench calibration and calculation methods are detailed below. First, based on the bench polarization test procedure, a target model of supercapacitor cell is selected. Under a typical state of charge range of 20% to 80% and a wide temperature range of -20℃ to 45℃, a rapid acceleration condition of the entire vehicle is simulated, for example, a 10-second high-current discharge operation. After the discharge, the system records the physical recovery curve of the supercapacitor cell's terminal voltage at high frequency and extracts the voltage recovery slope under different time windows. Subsequently, when defining performance and safety boundaries, calibration personnel comprehensively consider the supercapacitor cell's ultimate discharge voltage, temperature rise thermodynamic characteristics, and long-term capacity decay rate to accurately determine the critical value of the slope corresponding to the smoothing phase when the internal polarization voltage percentage drops to the aforementioned 5% safety limit.

[0132] Furthermore, considering the inherent manufacturing variations among the numerous individual cells within a mass-produced supercapacitor pack and the extreme complexity of the actual vehicle operating environment, after acquiring critical slope data for multiple supercapacitor cells under various operating conditions, the underlying calibration strategy statistically analyzes and extracts the minimum value among all critical slopes. To further provide robust safety redundancy, the calibration logic multiplies this minimum slope value by a safety margin coefficient of 0.8 to 0.9, thereby deriving the constant ultimately stored in the system. This statistical rounding and margin retention mechanism ensures that the recovery threshold objectively covers the weakest link supercapacitor cell within the supercapacitor pack and the most extreme and severe operating conditions. Preferably, this constant undergoes closed-loop iterative testing during the later real-vehicle verification phase: if the voltage drop of a supercapacitor cell after triggering another rapid acceleration is found to be excessive during real-vehicle testing, it indicates that the calibration is too aggressive and the constant needs to be appropriately lowered; conversely, if the vehicle's power response exhibits a significant lag, it indicates that the calibration is too conservative and the constant needs to be appropriately increased, ultimately converging to the optimal threshold parameter through iteration. Through the above-mentioned detailed polarization tests, margin calculations, and real-vehicle iterations, this solution provides an extremely accurate quantitative benchmark for the dynamic perception power switching strategy, which takes into account both the long-term safety and transient performance of the system.

[0133] In an exemplary embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 Based on the same inventive concept as the aforementioned method embodiments, this embodiment also provides a control device for the maximum allowable power of a supercapacitor, applied to a supercapacitor management system, comprising:

[0134] The limit acquisition module is used to acquire a first preset power limit, a second preset power limit, and a third preset power limit corresponding to different continuous discharge capabilities, wherein the discharge capability corresponding to the first preset power limit is higher than the discharge capability corresponding to the second preset power limit and the third preset power limit.

[0135] The rate of change acquisition module is used to acquire the rate of change of voltage of multiple supercapacitor cells in the supercapacitor pack over a preset time window in response to the detection of the end of a rapid acceleration event when the current target discharge power limit of the supercapacitor pack is the second preset power limit or the third preset power limit.

[0136] An extreme value screening module is used to obtain the absolute value of the rate of change of voltage over time for each of the multiple supercapacitor cells, and select the minimum absolute value among all the absolute values.

[0137] The comparison and judgment module is used to compare the minimum absolute value with a preset recovery threshold.

[0138] The dynamic recovery module is used to restore the target discharge power limit of the supercapacitor pack to the first preset power limit when the minimum absolute value is less than or equal to the preset recovery threshold.

[0139] Specifically, the control device for the maximum allowable power of the supercapacitor modularly encapsulates the aforementioned adaptive recovery method based on dynamic perception through hardware and software co-configuration. The limit acquisition module, serving as the fundamental data interaction interface for system operation, is primarily responsible for calling and reading preset multi-level discharge power protection boundaries when the supercapacitor management system initializes or its underlying state changes. For example, this module is configured to acquire power limits for each level corresponding to transient high load, medium-duration load, and continuous steady-state load, thereby providing clear execution benchmarks and judgment targets for subsequent system degradation protection and dynamic adaptive recovery.

[0140] Furthermore, the rate of change acquisition module undertakes the core task of dynamic physical state perception. When the vehicle experiences high energy consumption in the early stages, resulting in the target discharge power being limited to a relatively low second preset power limit or the third preset power limit, this module continuously monitors the vehicle's underlying load commands. Once the high current output command is detected to have fallen back through the controller area network bus or the entire package current sensor, and the rapid acceleration event is confirmed to have ended, the module immediately initiates high-frequency data acquisition and processing logic. Within a set delay sampling period, it quantifies the rise slope of the terminal voltage of each supercapacitor cell, using this as underlying physical data support to objectively characterize the rate of elimination of electrochemical polarization within the supercapacitor cell.

[0141] Furthermore, to eliminate interference from the sign calculation caused by voltage dynamic oscillations and accurately pinpoint the recovery bottleneck within the supercapacitor pack, the extreme value screening module, after obtaining the rate of change of each individual cell, first performs absolute value conversion processing on them through underlying mathematical logic. Subsequently, the module performs a global traversal search within the current time window to extract the smallest absolute value that characterizes the slowest physical recovery process and the most stringent polarization elimination state. By implementing this screening mechanism focused on the bottleneck effect, the module can output the most reliable feature data for the system to determine the overall safe recovery boundary while maximizing the consideration of the consistency differences among the individual cells within the entire supercapacitor pack.

[0142] Based on this, the comparison and judgment module, as a key logic gate before performing the power leap operation, is pre-loaded with a preset recovery threshold calibrated by bench polarization testing. This module quantitatively compares and verifies the minimum absolute value output by the preceding extreme value screening module with this preset recovery threshold. The essence of this operation is to objectively determine whether even the slowest recovering cell within the supercapacitor pack has sufficiently converged its voltage dynamic fluctuation amplitude to a safe and stable range capable of handling high-rate transient discharge again.

[0143] Specifically, when the judgment result of the comparison and judgment module meets the set safety conditions, the dynamic recovery module will be activated and intervene in the control. This module directly breaks away from the traditional rigid countdown mechanism that relies on a static fixed duration at the underlying scheduling logic, adaptively issuing updated power commands to the vehicle controller, directly increasing the currently restricted target discharge power limit upwards, and restoring the system to the first preset power limit with the highest discharge capacity. The coordinated operation of these modules effectively overcomes the lag in vehicle power recovery caused by blindly waiting for a fixed time in traditional control strategies. While strictly adhering to the safety baseline of long-term operation of the underlying supercapacitor, it greatly improves the vehicle's power response agility and the user's driving experience under continuous high-load acceleration scenarios.

[0144] In an exemplary embodiment, the present invention also provides an electronic device, comprising:

[0145] Memory, used to store computer programs;

[0146] A processor is used to implement the method for controlling the maximum permissible power of a supercapacitor as described in the above embodiments when executing the computer program.

[0147] Specifically, the electronic device can be embodied as the main control node of the supercapacitor management system in a new energy vehicle, the vehicle controller, or a low-level control unit with relevant data throughput and computing capabilities. In actual engineering deployment, this electronic device serves as the hardware entity carrier for the power scheduling and safety monitoring of the entire supercapacitor pack. It establishes high-frequency physical interaction connections with various front-end sampling modules and sensors inside the supercapacitor pack through the vehicle's underlying communication network, thereby receiving and processing key characteristic parameters such as the dynamic terminal voltage of individual supercapacitor cells and the discharge current of the entire pack in real time.

[0148] Furthermore, the memory, serving as the resident carrier of core control logic and underlying calibration data, can typically encompass volatile storage media such as random access memory (RAM) and non-volatile physical storage media such as flash memory. Within the underlying storage space of this memory, not only is the computer program code for implementing the dynamic sensing and power control logic described in this invention pre-programmed, but also critical physical calibration reference data is persistently configured. This includes, for example, a multi-level discharge capability mapping table combining ambient temperature and real-time state of charge, and a preset recovery threshold constant rigorously calibrated through extensive bench polarization testing. This deep collaboration between the underlying foundational data and the computer program instructions provides extremely robust physical data support for the control system to break through static and fixed time barriers and execute adaptive dynamic recovery.

[0149] Furthermore, the processor, as the computation and instruction scheduling center of the electronic device, can employ microelectronic hardware with strong real-time computing capabilities, such as microprocessor chips, digital signal processing devices, or field-programmable gate arrays. When the processor is powered on and executes the computer program residing in the memory, its internal computing resources are efficiently allocated, and a series of core control logics, including but not limited to integral monitoring of current overload, quantitative calculation of the rate of change of single-cell voltage within a preset time window, extreme value traversal screening of the minimum absolute value, and quantitative comparison of the safety recovery threshold, are executed strictly according to the underlying predetermined timing sequence. Through the processor's extremely low-latency execution of the above-mentioned underlying algorithms, the system can objectively and accurately quantify and judge the degree of reconstruction of the electrochemical equilibrium state inside the supercapacitor cell. Thus, under the premise of strictly adhering to the bottom line of supercapacitor's full life cycle operation safety, it adaptively removes the low-load degradation limitation and completes the upward leap of power, greatly improving the vehicle's power response agility and overall scheduling performance under continuous high-energy-consuming conditions.

[0150] In an exemplary embodiment, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method for controlling the maximum permissible power of a supercapacitor as described in the above embodiments.

[0151] Specifically, those skilled in the art should understand that the computer-readable storage medium can be embodied in various physical storage media disposed within the supercapacitor management system or vehicle controller. For example, the storage medium may include, but is not limited to, non-volatile or volatile microelectronic storage devices such as read-only memory, random access memory, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory, or flash memory. As a reliable physical carrier of the underlying control strategy, the computer-readable storage medium persistently records or stores the computer program, which consists of a series of computer instructions, underlying algorithms, and preset calibration parameters such as preset recovery thresholds and multi-level mapping tables.

[0152] Furthermore, when the computer program is read, loaded, and run by execution elements such as microprocessors or digital signal processors, the underlying hardware of the system will be driven in an orderly manner to rigorously execute the power adaptive recovery control logic based on dynamic perception proposed in this application. In specific implementation, the underlying program instructions will schedule various hardware functional modules to acquire the terminal voltage of each supercapacitor cell and the discharge current of the entire pack in real time. By calculating the rate of change of voltage over time, the internal electrochemical polarization elimination rate is objectively quantified. When the absolute value meets the strict safety recovery boundary, the current degradation restriction is adaptively lifted, and the target discharge power limit is directly increased. Through this implementation method based on deep collaboration between stored instructions and physical hardware, this solution effectively breaks through the rigid limitations of traditional static time accumulation logic, enabling vehicles to obtain a more agile power response when facing high-frequency transient loads such as continuous rapid acceleration, while maximizing the long-term operational safety of the underlying supercapacitor cell physicochemical system.

[0153] Any aspects of this invention not described in detail are well-known to those skilled in the art.

[0154] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the maximum allowable power of a supercapacitor, applied to a supercapacitor management system, characterized in that, include: Obtain a first preset power limit, a second preset power limit, and a third preset power limit corresponding to different continuous discharge capabilities, wherein the discharge capability corresponding to the first preset power limit is higher than the discharge capability corresponding to the second preset power limit and the third preset power limit. When the current target discharge power limit of the supercapacitor pack is the second preset power limit or the third preset power limit, in response to the detection of the end of the rapid acceleration event, the rate of change of voltage of multiple supercapacitor cells in the supercapacitor pack over time within a preset time window is obtained. The absolute values ​​of the rate of change of voltage over time for each of the plurality of supercapacitor cells are obtained, and the smallest absolute value among all the absolute values ​​is selected. The minimum absolute value is compared with a preset recovery threshold. When the minimum absolute value is less than or equal to the preset recovery threshold, the target discharge power limit of the supercapacitor pack is restored and switched to the first preset power limit.

2. The method for controlling the maximum allowable power of a supercapacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The response to the detection of a rapid acceleration event ends, including: Obtain the signal strength and duration of the acceleration request signal; When the signal strength is greater than a preset strength threshold and the duration is greater than a preset time threshold, it is determined that the rapid acceleration event is in the occurrence state; When the rapid acceleration event changes from being in the occurrence state to no longer meeting the above conditions, it is determined that the rapid acceleration event has ended. The step of obtaining the rate of change of voltage over time of multiple supercapacitor cells within the supercapacitor pack within a preset time window includes: The first terminal voltage of each supercapacitor cell at the first sampling time and the second terminal voltage at the second sampling time are collected respectively, wherein the first sampling time is a preset time after the end of the rapid acceleration event is detected, and the time interval between the first sampling time and the second sampling time constitutes the preset time window. Based on the difference between the first terminal voltage and the second terminal voltage, and the preset time window, the rate of change of the voltage of each supercapacitor cell over time is calculated.

3. The method for controlling the maximum allowable power of a supercapacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The response to the detection of a rapid acceleration event ends, including: Obtain the discharge current and duration of the supercapacitor pack; When the discharge current is greater than the current threshold and the duration is greater than the preset time threshold, it is determined that the rapid acceleration event is in the occurrence state. When the rapid acceleration event changes from being in the occurrence state to no longer meeting the above conditions, it is determined that the rapid acceleration event has ended. The step of obtaining the rate of change of voltage over time of multiple supercapacitor cells within the supercapacitor pack within a preset time window includes: The first terminal voltage of each supercapacitor cell at the first sampling time and the second terminal voltage at the second sampling time are collected respectively, wherein the first sampling time is a preset time after the end of the rapid acceleration event is detected, and the time interval between the first sampling time and the second sampling time constitutes the preset time window. Based on the difference between the first terminal voltage and the second terminal voltage, and the preset time window, the rate of change of the voltage of each supercapacitor cell over time is calculated.

4. The method for controlling the maximum allowable power of a supercapacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the minimum absolute value is greater than the preset recovery threshold, the current dynamic power recovery is abandoned, and a time-accumulated base power recovery mechanism is executed, including: Monitor the discharge current of the supercapacitor pack; When the target discharge power limit is the third preset power limit, and the discharge current is less than or equal to the current limit corresponding to the third preset power limit, and this condition persists for a first preset cumulative duration, the target discharge power limit is switched from the third preset power limit to the second preset power limit. When the target discharge power limit is the second preset power limit, and the discharge current is less than or equal to the current limit corresponding to the second preset power limit, and this condition persists for a second preset cumulative duration, the target discharge power limit is switched from the second preset power limit to the first preset power limit.

5. The method for controlling the maximum allowable power of a supercapacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method also includes a degradation triggering step as a global basic protection, including: The discharge current of the supercapacitor pack is monitored in real time, and the integral of the discharge current with respect to time is calculated within a preset sliding time window ending at the current time. If the integral exceeds the first preset charge limit when the current target discharge power limit is the first preset power limit, then the target discharge power limit is lowered to the second preset power limit. If the integral exceeds the second preset charge limit when the current target discharge power limit is the second preset power limit, then the target discharge power limit is lowered to the third preset power limit. If the current target discharge power limit is the third preset power limit, then the third preset power limit is maintained unchanged.

6. The method for controlling the maximum allowable power of a supercapacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The online update steps for the first preset power limit, the second preset power limit, and the third preset power limit include: Obtain the current health status coefficient, real-time state of charge, current highest temperature, and current lowest temperature of the supercapacitor pack; Using the first mapping table, second mapping table, and third mapping table corresponding to the first preset power limit, the second preset power limit, and the third preset power limit respectively, the first current limit under each mapping table is obtained by looking up the table based on the real-time state of charge and the current highest temperature, and the second current limit under each mapping table is obtained by looking up the table based on the real-time state of charge and the current lowest temperature. For each mapping table, the smaller value between the first current limit and the second current limit is taken, and the allowable current value of the corresponding power limit is determined by multiplying it with the health status coefficient, so as to dynamically update the first preset power limit, the second preset power limit and the third preset power limit online.

7. The method for controlling the maximum allowable power of a supercapacitor according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The preset recovery threshold is a constant that is pre-calibrated and stored in the supercapacitor management system; The constant represents the absolute value of the critical rate of change of a single supercapacitor cell when the proportion of its internal polarization voltage drops to a preset safety limit and it has the ability to withstand high-power discharge after experiencing a large current discharge.

8. A control device for the maximum allowable power of a supercapacitor, applied to a supercapacitor management system, characterized in that, include: The limit acquisition module is used to acquire a first preset power limit, a second preset power limit, and a third preset power limit corresponding to different continuous discharge capabilities, wherein the discharge capability corresponding to the first preset power limit is higher than the discharge capability corresponding to the second preset power limit and the third preset power limit. The rate of change acquisition module is used to acquire the rate of change of voltage of multiple supercapacitor cells in the supercapacitor pack over a preset time window in response to the detection of the end of a rapid acceleration event when the current target discharge power limit of the supercapacitor pack is the second preset power limit or the third preset power limit. An extreme value screening module is used to obtain the absolute value of the rate of change of voltage over time for each of the multiple supercapacitor cells, and select the minimum absolute value among all the absolute values. The comparison and judgment module is used to compare the minimum absolute value with a preset recovery threshold. The dynamic recovery module is used to restore the target discharge power limit of the supercapacitor pack to the first preset power limit when the minimum absolute value is less than or equal to the preset recovery threshold.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: Memory, used to store computer programs; A processor for executing the computer program to implement the method for controlling the maximum permissible power of the supercapacitor as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method for controlling the maximum permissible power of a supercapacitor as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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