A voltage regulation module injection method, system, and media

Abstract

The application discloses a voltage regulation module injection method, system and medium, and relates to the technical field of processor power supply. The method comprises the following steps: collecting a load end original voltage signal and determining a load voltage signal; calculating a real-time current gap and predicting a transient voltage minimum point; when the predicted value is lower than the lower limit of a safe voltage range, selecting a switch tube combination according to the real-time current gap to perform current injection; and after the voltage rises back to a retreat threshold, closing the opened switch tubes one by one according to a preset time step. Through the prediction injection, binary weight current regulation and smooth retreat, the application reduces load transient voltage drop, reduces secondary oscillation and improves system stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of processor power supply and power electronic control technology, and in particular to a voltage regulation module injection method, system and medium. Background Technology

[0002] The voltage regulator module (VRM) provides the appropriate operating voltage and current to the processor. With the development of processors, the load current during internal logic gate switching can fluctuate dramatically between zero and 120 amps, requiring the supply voltage to maintain high stability during current transitions. Existing technologies typically improve load transients by adding an injection loop outside the voltage regulator module, such as using a hysteresis comparator to determine the injection timing, triggering current injection when the load voltage falls below the lower limit of the hysteresis comparator. However, such injection mechanisms cannot anticipate load change trends, resulting in limited voltage response speed and a tendency for undercompensation.

[0003] Therefore, how to accurately predict voltage drops based on the changing trend of load current and initiate precise current compensation in advance has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide a voltage regulation module injection method, system, and medium, which aims to accurately predict voltage drops based on the changing trend of load current and initiate precise current compensation in advance.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this invention proposes a voltage regulation module injection method, comprising the following steps: Real-time acquisition of raw voltage signals at the load end And according to the original voltage signal Determine the load voltage signal used for calculation. ; Calculate the real-time current gap at the load end based on the load voltage sequence. ; According to the real-time current gap Predicting the lowest point of transient voltage ; When the predicted transient voltage reaches its lowest point When the voltage is below the preset lower limit of the safe voltage range, based on the real-time current gap... From the injection circuits with multiple injection branches connected in parallel, select the one whose total compensation current is not less than and is closest to the real-time current gap. Current injection is performed using a combination of switching transistors, wherein the combination of switching transistors includes at least one switching transistor; Real-time acquisition of the raw voltage signal at the load end Previously, this also included obtaining load-side impedance parameters through load pulse calibration. The steps are as follows: the load pulse is used to make the load current rise rapidly in a short time; after the current injection, when the load voltage rises back to the preset exit threshold, the switches in the switch combination that have been turned on are turned off one by one according to the preset time step and the exit order of compensation current from small to large, so as to achieve smooth exit.

[0006] Preferably, the raw voltage signal at the load terminal is acquired in real time. Previously, a calibration step was also included: During the initialization phase after the system is powered on, the injection circuit is disabled; A fixed current amplitude is provided on the load side. The load pulse waveform is used to make the load current rise rapidly in a short time. Measure the actual voltage drop on the load side. ; According to the formula Calculate impedance parameters And store it for use in subsequent prediction steps.

[0007] Preferably, predict the lowest point of transient voltage. The prediction model used is:

[0008] in, This is the load voltage value used for calculation at the current moment. For the current real-time current gap, Impedance parameters obtained for the calibration procedure.

[0009] Preferably, the real-time current gap is calculated. The difference equation used is:

[0010] in, This represents the real-time current gap, with the direction of insufficient power supply caused by a drop in load voltage as the positive direction. This is the capacitance value of the load capacitor. This is the equivalent series resistance of the load capacitor. This represents the current load voltage value. This represents the load voltage value at the previous moment. This represents the real-time current gap value from the previous moment. This is the interval for voltage sampling.

[0011] Preferably, the compensation current provided by the multiple injection branches in the injection circuit conforms to a binary weighted distribution.

[0012] Preferably, the injection circuit includes four injection branches arranged in parallel. Each injection branch includes a switching transistor and a current-limiting element or constant current unit for setting the branch compensation current. The four injection branches respectively include a first switching transistor Q1, a second switching transistor Q2, a third switching transistor Q3, and a fourth switching transistor Q4. The first injection branch, the second injection branch, the third injection branch, and the fourth injection branch provide respectively when they are turned on. , , and The compensation current.

[0013] Preferably, the raw voltage signal at the load terminal is acquired in real time. The next step involves performing Butterworth filtering on the acquired raw voltage signal at the load end. The filtering formula is as follows:

[0014] in, The current filtered output voltage signal. This is the filtered output voltage signal from the previous moment. The output voltage signal is the result of filtering at the first two time points. This is the original load voltage signal before filtering at the current moment. This is the original load voltage signal before filtering at the previous moment. The original load voltage signal before filtering in the first two time steps. , , , , The filter coefficients are determined by the following formula: ; ; ; ; ; in, , , The denominator term for calculating the filter coefficients. The intermediate variable determined by the cutoff frequency and the sampling frequency. It is the tangent function. Pi The cutoff frequency, The sampling frequency.

[0015] Preferably, the exit threshold is set to a preset hysteresis voltage value that is higher than the lower limit of the safe voltage range; when shutting down the switches in the switched-on switch combination, the switches are shut down one by one according to a preset time step, the preset time step being determined based on the load capacitance value, the equivalent series resistance value, and the allowable voltage fluctuation range.

[0016] This application also discloses a voltage regulation module injection system, including: An injection control module is used to execute the voltage regulation module injection method as described in any of the preceding items; An injection circuit is electrically connected to the injection control module. The injection circuit includes multiple injection branches arranged in parallel. Each injection branch includes a switching transistor and a current-limiting element or constant current unit for setting the branch compensation current, for injecting compensation current into the load end under the control of the injection control module. An auxiliary power source, electrically connected to the injection circuit, is used to provide energy for current injection.

[0017] This application also discloses a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method as described in any of the preceding claims.

[0018] The above technical solution has the following advantages: This invention predicts the minimum transient voltage by calculating the real-time current gap on the load capacitor and combining it with impedance parameters obtained through calibration. This allows the injection circuit to act before the actual voltage drops below the lower limit of the safe voltage range, shortening the response delay and reducing the voltage undershoot. Due to the use of a binary weighted injection structure, the system can match the compensation amount according to the calculated real-time current gap, avoiding voltage oscillations caused by overcompensation. The smooth exit mechanism employed at the end of the injection phase ensures a stable transfer of injected energy by step-wise shutting down the switches in the switching transistor combination, reducing secondary voltage fluctuations caused by sudden current cutoff and improving the processor's operational stability under complex load conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of the system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 The overall circuit structure diagram of the system provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the existing voltage regulation module circuit structure referenced in the embodiments of the present invention, wherein, Input voltage, The output voltage is represented by S1 and S2, the switching transistors are S1 and S2, L is the inductor, C is the output capacitor, and R is the load. For inductor current, For capacitor current, This is the output current.

[0022] Figure 4 The main working waveform diagrams provided for embodiments of the present invention are as follows: Figure 4 In the diagram, 'a' represents the waveforms of the load current, capacitor current, and injected current. Figure 4 In the diagram, b represents the waveform of the load voltage and the predicted transient voltage at its lowest point. Figure 4 In the diagram, 'c' represents the current gap and the waveform of the injected current exit; t1 to t4 represent different control moments during the load transient process; and U1 to U4 represent the load voltage points acquired or calculated during the prediction process. This indicates the predicted minimum point of transient voltage. Q1 and Q2 represent the on-state of the corresponding switching transistors, and CLOSE represents the off-state of the corresponding switching transistors.

[0023] Figure 5 The flowchart illustrates the overall implementation of the method provided in this embodiment of the invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the current gap calculation process provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 A flowchart for injection decision-making provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 The simulation test comparison waveform diagram provided in the embodiments of the present invention, wherein, Figure 8 In the figure, 'a' represents a comparison waveform of the load current, injection current, and VRM current. Figure 8 In the diagram, b represents the comparison waveform of the load transient voltage. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a voltage regulation module injection method, which is applied to processor power supply systems, such as power supply modules for high-performance chips like central processing units (CPUs) and graphics processing units (GPUs). In these application scenarios, the processor's operating voltage is typically... Left and right, while the flipping of internal logic gates will cause the load current to be in to The voltage fluctuations are drastic. Such high-current slew rate load transients can cause the control loop of a traditional power supply module to fail to respond in time, leading to voltage undershoot or overshoot. This embodiment, by predicting the lowest point of the transient voltage and initiating the injection circuit in advance, can suppress voltage fluctuations and improve system stability.

[0029] Before the system enters the real-time monitoring phase, a calibration procedure is first performed to obtain key system impedance parameters. During the initialization phase after system power-on, injection control module 2 first disables injection circuit 100. At this time, a fixed current amplitude is actively provided to the load side. The load-pull pulse waveform is used, where load pulling specifically refers to the rapid increase in load current within a short period of time. The actual voltage drop on the load side under the influence of this pulse is measured using a sensor. Injection control module 2 according to the formula Calculate the current impedance parameters And store it in non-volatile memory; where, For the load impedance parameters, This represents the actual voltage drop on the load side. This is the fixed current amplitude of the load pulse. This impedance parameter... It comprehensively reflects the equivalent resistance characteristics of the load end and is the core parameter for subsequent voltage drop prediction.

[0030] During normal operation, the injection control module 2 acquires the raw voltage signal at the load terminal in real time through a high-precision analog-to-digital converter (ADC). And according to the original voltage signal Determine the load voltage signal used for calculation. To eliminate random noise and high-frequency interference during the acquisition process, this embodiment performs Butterworth filtering on the original voltage signal. The specific filtering differential equation is as follows: .in, This represents the filtered output voltage signal at the current moment. This represents the filtered output voltage signal from the previous moment. This represents the filtered output voltage signal from the first two time points. This represents the original load voltage signal before filtering at the current moment. This represents the original load voltage signal before filtering at the previous moment. This represents the original load voltage signal before filtering at the first two time points. , , , , These are the filter coefficients.

[0031] The relevant filter coefficients are determined by the system's preset cutoff frequency. and sampling frequency It is confirmed that, among them, The cutoff frequency corresponding to the filter bandwidth. This refers to the sampling frequency of the ADC. The specific calculation process is as follows: First, calculate the intermediate variables. Then calculate the denominator. .in, The intermediate variable determined by the cutoff frequency and the sampling frequency. It is the tangent function. Pi This is the denominator term used in the calculation of the filter coefficients. Based on the above variables, the filter coefficients are determined as follows: , , , as well as By using Butterworth filtering, a flat frequency response of the voltage signal within the passband can be ensured, thereby improving the accuracy of subsequent current gap calculations.

[0032] like Figure 6 As shown, after obtaining a smooth voltage signal sequence, the injection control module 2 calculates the real-time current gap at the load end based on the rate of change of the load voltage. Real-time current shortfall refers to the difference between the supplied current and the load's required current during a load transient, caused by the lag in the main power module's response. This difference is primarily borne by the load capacitor and characterizes the insufficient current supply during the transient period, directly leading to the discharge or charging of the load capacitor. The difference equation used in the calculation is as follows:

[0033] in, This represents the real-time current gap, with the direction of insufficient power supply caused by a drop in load voltage as the positive direction. This is the capacitance value of the load capacitor. This is the equivalent series resistance of the load capacitor. This represents the load voltage value at the current sampling time. This is the load voltage value at the previous sampling time. This is the real-time current gap value calculated at the previous moment. The time interval between two adjacent voltage samples is the sampling interval of the signal sequence. Through this iterative equation, the injection control module 2 can grasp the load's demand for additional compensation current in real time.

[0034] Next, injection control module 2 utilizes the current real-time current gap. For the future transient voltage minimum point Make predictions. The prediction model uses linear extrapolation logic, and the specific formula is as follows: .in, This is the load voltage value used for calculation at the current moment. This is the minimum value that the voltage drop can reach. For the current real-time current gap, The impedance parameters are acquired and stored during the aforementioned calibration steps. This prediction mechanism allows the system to detect a voltage drop trend before the voltage actually falls to a dangerous threshold.

[0035] like Figure 7 As shown, when the predicted transient voltage reaches its lowest point... When the voltage drops below the preset lower limit of the safe voltage range, injection control module 2 initiates current injection decision-making. Injection control module 2 determines the current injection based on the real-time current gap. The amplitude is selected from the injection circuit 100, where the sum of the compensation currents is not less than and is closest to the current real-time current gap. The current injection is performed using a combination of switching transistors. The injection circuit 100 includes multiple injection branches connected in parallel, each injection branch including a switching transistor and a current-limiting element or constant current unit for setting the branch compensation current. In this embodiment, the injection circuit 100 specifically includes a first switching transistor Q1, a second switching transistor Q2, a third switching transistor Q3, and a fourth switching transistor Q4. To achieve refined current compensation, the first injection branch, the second injection branch, the third injection branch, and the fourth injection branch provide current injection when they are turned on. , , and The compensation current conforms to a binary weight distribution. Through this combination, injection circuit 100 can generate... to Multiple compensation current steps within the range. Injection control module 2 selects the one closest to the current real-time current gap through logical operations. The switching transistors are turned on, and the auxiliary power source 3 provides energy for current injection.

[0036] This predictive injection mechanism offers an earlier response compared to traditional delayed judgment schemes. Traditional schemes only begin responding after the voltage drops below a threshold, while this embodiment can detect the increase in current gap early in the occurrence of load transients and inject current in advance when the risk is predicted, thereby shortening the response delay and reducing the voltage transient drop value from... Improved to .

[0037] After current injection, the load voltage begins to rise as the compensation current is added and the main power module gradually responds. To avoid secondary voltage oscillations caused by a sudden cutoff of the injected current, this embodiment employs a smooth exit strategy. When the load voltage rises to a preset exit threshold, the exit threshold is set to a preset hysteresis voltage value higher than the lower limit of the safe voltage range. This preset hysteresis voltage value is determined based on the allowable voltage fluctuation range at the load end, and the real-time current gap... When the current approaches zero, the injection control module 2 begins to shut down. The shutdown process is not a one-time cutoff, but rather a step-by-step shutdown of the active switches in a preset time step and according to a preset exit sequence, causing the injected current to decrease in a stepped manner. For example, when Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 are all in the on state, they are shut down sequentially in the order of Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4, with a preset time step interval between each adjacent shutdown. This preset time step is determined based on the load capacitance, equivalent series resistance, and allowable voltage fluctuation range. All active switches are shut down until the load voltage fully recovers to the safe voltage range and the real-time current gap disappears. This smooth exit mechanism reduces the secondary voltage oscillation problem caused by sudden cutoff of the injected current, ensuring a smooth transition of the processor's power supply voltage.

[0038] Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a voltage regulation module injection system, which implements the method in Embodiment 1 to solve the problem of insufficient regulation capability of existing voltage regulation modules when facing large current jumps. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the system consists of an injection control module 2, an injection loop 100, and an auxiliary power source 3. The injection control module 2 performs predictive control. The output of the injection loop 100 is electrically connected to the load. The injection control module 2 is responsible for receiving real-time voltage feedback from the load and outputting corresponding control commands. The auxiliary power source 3 provides controlled energy input to the injection loop 100. In conventional DC-DC converter applications, the auxiliary power source 3 can be directly replaced by the original input power supply. Figure 2 In this context, the Power Distribution Network (PDN) is used to connect the voltage regulation module to the load terminal, and GND represents the ground terminal.

[0039] To achieve precise adjustment of the compensation current, the injection circuit 100 employs a parallel multi-transistor architecture. Specifically, the injection circuit 100 includes a first switch Q1, a second switch Q2, a third switch Q3, and a fourth switch Q4. Each injection branch is equipped with a current-limiting element or a constant current unit for setting the branch's compensation current. For example, when the first, second, third, and fourth injection branches are turned on, they respectively provide... , , and The compensation current. This design allows the injection control module 2 to control the current via a 4-bit binary control signal. to Fifteen different combinations of compensation currents of varying magnitudes are generated to ensure that the injected compensation current matches the calculated real-time current gap. Highly matched. This weight allocation method simplifies the complexity of control logic while improving adaptability to different load step amplitudes. It can solve the overcompensation or undercompensation problems existing in traditional fixed injection amount schemes, and suppress transient drop values.

[0040] Embodiment 3 of the present invention further discloses a detailed scheme for signal processing and control exit mechanism to ensure the accuracy of the system under strong noise interference. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the injection control module 2 acquires the raw voltage signal at the load end in real time. Then, the built-in digital filter will be activated to perform Butterworth filtering and obtain the load voltage signal for calculation. The filter coefficients are determined by the cutoff frequency. With sampling frequency Jointly determined, specifically through intermediate variables Sum of denominator terms Calculations are performed. The filtered signal can remove high-frequency glitches introduced by the acquisition circuit, providing a real-time current gap. The iterative calculations provide accurate benchmark data.

[0041] After the compensation task is completed, this embodiment employs a smooth exit mechanism based on voltage recovery. When the injection control module 2 detects that the load voltage has recovered to a preset exit threshold, i.e., recovered to a preset exit threshold higher than the lower limit of the safe voltage range, the system enters the exit phase. At this time, the injection control module 2 does not instantly cut off all current, but instead turns off the first to fourth switches Q1 to Q4 one by one according to a preset time step and a preset exit sequence; the preset exit sequence is the order of compensation current from small to large, and the preset time step is determined based on the load capacitance, equivalent series resistance, and allowable voltage fluctuation range. By reducing the injection current in a stepwise manner, a smooth transfer of injected energy can be achieved. Figure 8As shown in the simulation test results, the load current represents the load step current, the injected current represents the compensation current provided by the injection circuit, the VRM current (control) represents the output current of the voltage regulation module without this scheme, the VRM current (injected) represents the output current of the voltage regulation module with this scheme, and the load transient voltage (control) and load transient voltage (injected) represent the load-side voltage response without and with this scheme, respectively. This mechanism can reduce secondary voltage oscillations caused by the sudden cutoff of the injected current. Furthermore, this scheme also involves a computer-readable storage medium storing a corresponding computer program. When executed by a processor, this program can implement the aforementioned filtering, prediction, binary injection, and smooth exit steps.

Claims

1. A voltage regulation module injection method, characterized by, Includes the following steps: Real-time acquisition of raw voltage signals at the load end And according to the original voltage signal Determine the load voltage signal used for calculation. ; Calculate the real-time current gap at the load end based on the load voltage sequence. ; According to the real-time current gap Predicting the lowest point of transient voltage ; When the predicted transient voltage reaches its lowest point When the voltage is below the preset lower limit of the safe voltage range, the real-time current gap is used as a reference. From the injection circuits with multiple injection branches connected in parallel, select the one whose total compensation current is not less than and is closest to the real-time current gap. Current injection is performed using a combination of switching transistors, wherein the combination of switching transistors includes at least one switching transistor; Real-time acquisition of the raw voltage signal at the load end Previously, this also included obtaining load-side impedance parameters through load pulse calibration. The steps are as follows: the load pulse is used to make the load current rise rapidly in a short time; after the current injection, when the load voltage rises back to the preset exit threshold, the switches in the switch combination that have been turned on are turned off one by one according to the preset time step and the exit order of compensation current from small to large, so as to achieve smooth exit.

2. The voltage regulation module injection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Real-time acquisition of the raw voltage signal at the load end Previously, a calibration step was also included: During the initialization phase after the system is powered on, the injection circuit is disabled; A fixed current amplitude is provided on the load side. The load pulse waveform is used to make the load current rise rapidly in a short time. Measure the actual voltage drop on the load side. ; According to the formula Calculate impedance parameters And store it for use in subsequent prediction steps.

3. The voltage regulation module injection method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Predicting the lowest point of transient voltage The prediction model used is: in, This is the load voltage value used for calculation at the current moment. For the current real-time current gap, Impedance parameters obtained for the calibration procedure.

4. The voltage regulation module injection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Calculate the real-time current gap The difference equation used is: in, This represents the real-time current gap, with the direction of insufficient power supply caused by a drop in load voltage as the positive direction. This is the capacitance value of the load capacitor. This is the equivalent series resistance of the load capacitor. This represents the current load voltage value. This represents the load voltage value at the previous moment. This represents the real-time current gap value from the previous moment. This is the interval for voltage sampling.

5. The voltage regulation module injection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compensation current provided by the multiple injection branches in the injection circuit conforms to a binary weighted distribution.

6. The voltage regulation module injection method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The injection circuit includes four injection branches connected in parallel. Each injection branch includes a switching transistor and a current-limiting element or constant current unit for setting the branch compensation current. The four injection branches respectively include a first switching transistor Q1, a second switching transistor Q2, a third switching transistor Q3, and a fourth switching transistor Q4. The first injection branch, the second injection branch, the third injection branch, and the fourth injection branch provide respectively when they are turned on. , , and The compensation current.

7. The voltage regulation module injection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Real-time acquisition of the raw voltage signal at the load end The next step involves performing Butterworth filtering on the acquired raw voltage signal at the load end. The filtering formula is as follows: in, The current filtered output voltage signal. This is the filtered output voltage signal from the previous moment. The output voltage signal is the result of filtering at the first two time points. This is the original load voltage signal before filtering at the current moment. This is the original load voltage signal before filtering at the previous moment. The original load voltage signal before filtering in the first two time moments. , , , , The filter coefficients are determined by the following formula: ； ； ； ； ； in, , , The denominator term for calculating the filter coefficients. The intermediate variable determined by the cutoff frequency and the sampling frequency. It is the tangent function. Pi The cutoff frequency, The sampling frequency.

8. The voltage regulation module injection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The exit threshold is set to a preset hysteresis voltage value that is higher than the lower limit of the safe voltage range; when shutting down the switches in the switched transistor combination that has been turned on, a method of shutting them down one by one according to a preset time step is adopted, and the preset time step is determined according to the load capacitance value, the equivalent series resistance value and the allowable voltage fluctuation range.

9. A voltage regulation module injection system, characterized in that, include: An injection control module is used to perform the voltage regulation module injection method according to any one of claims 1 to 8; An injection circuit is electrically connected to the injection control module. The injection circuit includes multiple injection branches arranged in parallel. Each injection branch includes a switching transistor and a current-limiting element or constant current unit for setting the branch compensation current, for injecting compensation current into the load end under the control of the injection control module. An auxiliary power source, electrically connected to the injection circuit, is used to provide energy for current injection.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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