Photovoltaic panel automatic cleaning device for photovoltaic power station

Abstract

The present application relates to photovoltaic device maintenance technical field, disclose a kind of photovoltaic power station photovoltaic board automatic cleaning device, including mounting bracket, dirty perception module, automatic water spraying module, wiper cleaning module, control module and water collection purification module.Dirty perception module determines the degree of dirt by detecting the light intensity attenuation value of photovoltaic board surface;Automatic water spraying module is used to inject cleaning water to the surface of photovoltaic board to wet stain;Wiper cleaning module adopts screw rod and slider cooperated screw rod transmission structure, drives wiper arm and silica gel wiper blade reciprocating linear motion along the surface of photovoltaic board, and stubborn stain and residual water mark are scraped off;Water collection purification module is set below photovoltaic board, and the collected sewage is returned to automatic water spraying module after precipitation, filtration and adsorption treatment.The present application realizes the intelligent on-demand cleaning and depth mechanical scraping of photovoltaic board, and realizes the closed loop recycling of water resources, significantly reduces operation and maintenance cost and water consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic equipment maintenance technology, specifically to an automatic cleaning device for photovoltaic panels in a photovoltaic power station. Background Technology

[0002] The power generation efficiency of a photovoltaic (PV) power plant is directly related to the cleanliness of the PV panel surface. Dust, bird droppings, water stains, and other contaminants adhering to the PV panel surface significantly reduce light absorption, leading to decreased power generation efficiency. Long-term accumulation can also cause scratches and hot spot effects on the PV panel surface, shortening the equipment's lifespan. Existing PV panel cleaning methods mainly include manual cleaning, high-pressure water jet washing, and cleaning with fixed spray systems.

[0003] However, the aforementioned cleaning methods have many shortcomings in practical applications. Manual cleaning is not only labor-intensive and inefficient, but also poses significant safety hazards when working at heights or on sloping roofs. While traditional sprinkler systems and high-pressure water guns reduce labor costs to some extent, they often lack targeted control strategies and cannot accurately spray water based on the actual level of dirt on the photovoltaic panels, leading to substantial water waste. Furthermore, most existing automatic cleaning devices lack mechanical actuators, relying solely on the scouring force of water flow for cleaning, making it difficult to thoroughly remove stubborn stains with strong adhesion, such as bird droppings. Moreover, water stains often remain on the photovoltaic panel surface after cleaning, forming new scale buildup after drying. Simultaneously, existing cleaning devices typically rely on a continuous supply of fresh external water sources and lack effective water recycling systems. In remote photovoltaic power station areas with scarce water resources or high water acquisition costs, the long-term water consumption costs are high. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an automatic cleaning device for photovoltaic panels in photovoltaic power plants. This device solves the problems of low automation in existing photovoltaic panel cleaning methods, difficulty in thoroughly removing stubborn stains such as bird droppings and residual water marks by simply relying on water flow, and high water consumption and operation and maintenance costs due to the lack of a water resource recycling system.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an automatic cleaning device for photovoltaic panels in a photovoltaic power station, comprising a mounting frame, a dirt sensing module, an automatic water spraying module, a wiper-type cleaning module, a control module, and a water collection and purification module. The mounting frame is used to fix the frame of the photovoltaic panel, serving as the supporting foundation for each functional module. The dirt sensing module is mounted on the mounting frame and is used to detect changes in the light transmittance of the photovoltaic panel surface and output a detection signal. The automatic water spraying module is mounted on the mounting frame and is used to spray cleaning water onto the photovoltaic panel surface to moisten it. The wiper-type cleaning module is movably mounted on the mounting frame and is used to mechanically scrape the photovoltaic panel surface to remove water stains and contaminants. The water collection and purification module is located below the photovoltaic panel and is used to collect and filter wastewater flowing down during the cleaning process. The control module is electrically connected to the dirt sensing module, the automatic water spraying module, the wiper-type cleaning module, and the water collection and purification module, respectively, and is used to control the coordinated operation of each module according to the detection signals and preset logic.

[0006] In a further technical solution, the dirt sensing module includes a light emitting unit, a light receiving unit, and a signal processing unit. The light emitting unit and the light receiving unit are positioned opposite each other on the side frames of the photovoltaic panel. The detection light emitted by the light emitting unit is received by the light receiving unit after passing through the surface of the photovoltaic panel. The signal processing unit is connected to the light receiving unit and is used to calculate the received light intensity attenuation value. When the light intensity attenuation value exceeds a preset threshold, a cleaning trigger signal is sent to the control module, thereby achieving quantitative monitoring of the degree of dirt accumulation.

[0007] In a further technical solution, the wiper-type cleaning module adopts a screw drive structure, including a fixed frame, a drive motor, a screw, a slider, a wiper arm, and a wiper blade. The fixed frame is mounted on the mounting bracket, and the screw is rotatably disposed inside the fixed frame. The drive motor is mounted on one end of the fixed frame, and its output shaft is connected to the screw to provide power. The slider is threaded to the side wall of the screw and slidably connected inside the fixed frame, converting the rotational motion of the screw into linear motion. One end of the wiper arm is fixed to the slider, and the other end extends above the surface of the photovoltaic panel. The wiper blade is mounted on the side of the wiper arm facing the photovoltaic panel and abuts against the surface of the photovoltaic panel.

[0008] Preferably, the wiper blade is made of soft silicone with rounded edges to enhance adhesion to the photovoltaic panel and prevent scratches. The drive motor is a stepper motor, used to drive the screw to rotate forward and backward, thereby causing the slider and the wiper arm to reciprocate linearly along the surface of the photovoltaic panel to achieve full-coverage cleaning.

[0009] In a further technical solution, the automatic water spraying module includes a water storage tank, a micro water pump, a water supply pipeline, a mounting frame, a diversion pipeline, and spray heads. The water storage tank is fixed to the mounting frame and is used to store cleaning water. The micro water pump is located at the outlet of the water storage tank and is used to provide water spraying pressure. The mounting frame is arranged along the width direction of the photovoltaic panel, and the diversion pipeline is installed inside the mounting frame and connected to the micro water pump through the water supply pipeline. Multiple spray heads are spaced apart on the diversion pipeline, and the spraying direction of the spray heads forms an angle of 30° to 45° with the surface of the photovoltaic panel, using the scouring force to assist cleaning.

[0010] In a further technical solution, the side wall of the water storage tank is provided with a bidirectional water supply interface. One interface of the bidirectional water supply interface is connected to an inlet pipe, and the other interface is used to connect to an external water source to ensure the diversity of water supply sources. The inlet pipe is connected to the outlet of the water collection and purification module to receive and transport purified recycled water, thereby realizing water resource recycling.

[0011] In a further technical solution, the water collection and purification module includes a water collection and purification tank and a delivery pump. The water collection and purification tank is located on the ground below the photovoltaic panels, and its interior is provided with a coarse filter layer, a fine filter layer, and an activated carbon adsorption layer from top to bottom for graded treatment of wastewater. The delivery pump is installed at the rear of the water collection and purification tank, with its inlet extending into the bottom of the tank and its outlet connected to the automatic sprinkler module via an inlet pipe, returning the purified water to the automatic sprinkler system.

[0012] In a further technical solution, the coarse filter layer is filled with quartz sand, and the fine filter layer is a non-woven fabric layer, used to filter large particulate impurities and fine suspended solids, respectively. The water collection and purification tank is divided into a sedimentation zone and a purification zone. The main water collection pipe is connected to the sedimentation zone, and the purification zone is located below the activated carbon adsorption layer to ensure that the effluent quality meets the reuse standards.

[0013] In a further technical solution, the control module is a PLC controller, which has preset parameters such as light intensity attenuation threshold, water spray duration, and wiper reciprocation frequency. The cleaning process is automated through programmed control.

[0014] In a further technical solution, the mounting bracket includes a horizontal guide rail and a vertical support, the length of which is adapted to the width of the photovoltaic panel. The wiper-type cleaning module slides along the horizontal guide rail, and the automatic water spraying module is fixed on the horizontal guide rail. The overall structure is compact and suitable for installation on existing photovoltaic modules.

[0015] This invention provides an automatic cleaning device for photovoltaic panels in a photovoltaic power station. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] 1. This invention employs a screw drive structure to drive the wiper-type cleaning module. The screw and slider's threaded connection converts the motor's rotational motion into the linear reciprocating motion of the wiper arm. Compared to traditional belt or rack and pinion drives, screw drives offer higher motion precision and transmission stability, ensuring the wiper blade remains stable during operation and preventing uneven cleaning or jamming due to vibration. Combined with the tight adhesion of the soft silicone wiper blade to the photovoltaic panel surface, this device can deeply scrape away stubborn stains after pre-wetting with water, effectively solving the problem in existing technologies where water rinsing alone is insufficient to thoroughly remove bird droppings, mud stains, and residual watermarks, thus ensuring the light transmittance and power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic modules.

[0017] 2. This invention achieves closed-loop recycling of clean water through an integrated water collection and purification module. The device features a water collection and purification tank beneath the photovoltaic panels. It utilizes a coarse filter layer, a fine filter layer, and an activated carbon adsorption layer to perform graded filtration and purification of the collected clean wastewater and condensate. The purified water is then pumped back to a storage tank. This design reduces the photovoltaic power station's dependence on external fresh water sources and solves the problems of high water consumption and high replenishment costs associated with traditional hydraulic cleaning methods. It is suitable for remote photovoltaic power station areas with scarce water resources or difficult water access.

[0018] 3. This invention achieves intelligent, on-demand control of photovoltaic panel cleaning. The light emission and reception units of the dirt sensing module detect the light intensity attenuation value on the photovoltaic panel surface in real time, and the control module automatically triggers the cleaning process when the attenuation value exceeds a preset threshold. This triggering mechanism based on the actual degree of dirtiness replaces the traditional manual periodic inspection or fixed-time cleaning mode, avoiding power generation losses due to untimely cleaning and preventing the waste of energy and water resources caused by ineffective work before the photovoltaic panels are cleaned, effectively reducing the operation and maintenance costs and manpower input of photovoltaic power plants. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a rear perspective view of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the wiper-type cleaning module of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the disassembled wiper-type cleaning module of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a partial schematic diagram of the automatic water spraying module of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the interior of the water collection and purification tank of the present invention.

[0020] The components include: 1. Mounting bracket; 2. Dirt sensing module; 201. Light emitting unit; 202. Light receiving unit; 203. Signal processing unit; 3. Automatic water spraying module; 301. Water storage tank; 302. Miniature water pump; 303. Diversion pipeline; 304. Fixing bracket; 305. Spray head; 306. Water supply pipeline; 307. Two-way water supply interface; 308. Water inlet pipe one; 4. Wiper-type cleaning module; 401. Fixing frame; 402. Drive motor; 403. Screw; 404. Slider; 405. Wiper arm; 406. Wiper blade; 5. Control module; 6. Water collection and purification module; 601. Water collection and purification pool; 602. Coarse filter layer; 603. Fine filter layer; 604. Activated carbon adsorption layer; 605. Delivery pump; 606. Water inlet pipe two. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Please see the appendix Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 6 This invention provides an automatic cleaning device for photovoltaic panels in a photovoltaic power station, including a mounting frame 1, a dirt sensing module 2, an automatic water spraying module 3, a wiper-type cleaning module 4, a control module 5, and a water collection and purification module 6.

[0023] Mounting frame 1 serves as the physical support foundation for the entire device. Its material is preferably high-strength, corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy or stainless steel to adapt to complex outdoor environments. Specifically, mounting frame 1 includes a horizontal guide rail and a vertical support. The vertical support is secured to the aluminum alloy frame on both sides of the photovoltaic panel using bolt assemblies or C-clamps. The height of the vertical support is designed to be adjustable or preset, ensuring that the horizontal guide rail is positioned approximately 5-10 cm above the photovoltaic panel surface. This provides sufficient operating space for the cleaning components and prevents unexpected rigid collisions between moving parts and the photovoltaic panel surface. The horizontal guide rail spans the width of the photovoltaic panel and has guide grooves inside or on its sides to bear the moving load of the wiper-type cleaning module 4.

[0024] The dirt detection module 2, mounted on the mounting bracket 1, is used for intelligent dirt detection. It includes a light emitting unit 201, a light receiving unit 202, and a signal processing unit 203. The light emitting unit 201 (e.g., an infrared emitting diode assembly) and the light receiving unit 202 (e.g., a high-sensitivity photosensor) are encapsulated in waterproof housings and positioned opposite each other on the longitudinal supports of the left and right side frames of the photovoltaic panel. During operation, the light emitting unit 201 emits parallel detection light rays. This beam path is parallel to the surface of the photovoltaic panel and covers its light-receiving area, ultimately being received by the light receiving unit 202 on the opposite side. The signal processing unit 203 integrates an A / D conversion circuit and a comparison circuit, and is electrically connected to the light receiving unit 202. It is used to collect the received light intensity data in real time and compare it with an initial reference value to calculate the light intensity attenuation value. When there are obstructions such as dust, bird droppings, or snow on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, the light transmittance decreases, resulting in a weakening of the light intensity at the receiving end and an increase in the attenuation value. When the calculated light intensity attenuation value is greater than the preset threshold (e.g., set to 30%), the signal processing unit 203 determines that the current level of dirt has affected the power generation efficiency, and then sends a high-level cleaning trigger signal to the control module 5.

[0025] The automatic water spray module 3 is used to soften and pre-wet dried stains on the surface of the photovoltaic panel before mechanical scraping. This module includes a water storage tank 301, a micro water pump 302, a water supply pipe 306, a mounting bracket 304, a diversion pipe 303, and spray heads 305. The water storage tank 301 is bolted to one end of the mounting bracket 1. The tank body is made of UV-resistant plastic and is equipped with a liquid level sensor. The micro water pump 302 is located at the outlet of the water storage tank 301 or is built into the bottom of the tank to provide a constant spray pressure. The mounting bracket 304 is arranged along the width of the photovoltaic panel and connected to the mounting bracket 1. The diversion pipe 303 is embedded in the mounting bracket 304 and connected to the micro water pump 302 via the flexible water supply pipe 306. To ensure spray coverage and utilize the impact force of water flow to assist cleaning, multiple (e.g., 3-5) spray heads 305 are evenly distributed on the distribution pipe 303. The spray heads 305 employ fan-shaped atomizing nozzles, and their installation angle has been adjusted so that the spray direction forms a 30° to 45° angle with the photovoltaic panel surface. To ensure continuous water supply and achieve water resource recycling, the side wall of the water storage tank 301 is equipped with a bidirectional water supply interface 307. One interface connects to an external water supply pipe with a one-way valve, used to connect to an external water source (such as a tap water network or a mobile water truck) for initial water replenishment or emergency water replenishment during dry seasons; the other interface connects to an inlet pipe 308, which is connected to the outlet of the water collection and purification module 6 described below, specifically for receiving purified recycled water to achieve closed-loop utilization.

[0026] The wiper-type cleaning module 4 employs a screw drive to ensure smooth movement and positioning accuracy. Its main components include a fixed frame 401, a drive motor 402, a screw 403, a slider 404, a wiper arm 405, and a wiper blade 406. The fixed frame 401 is elongated and mounted on the transverse guide rail of the mounting bracket 1 or used directly as a guide rail, with bearing seats at both ends. The screw 403 is rotatably supported at both ends within the bearing seats, located in the internal cavity of the fixed frame 401. The drive motor 402 (preferably a high-torque stepper motor) is mounted at one end of the fixed frame 401, and its output shaft is coaxially connected to one end of the screw 403 via a coupling. The slider 404 has an internal thread that matches the screw 403, threadedly connected to the side wall of the screw 403. Simultaneously, the outer wall of the slider 404 guides the inner wall of the fixed frame 401, restricting the slider 404 from rotating with the screw and allowing it to move only axially. One end of the wiper arm 405 is rigidly fixed to the slider 404, and the other end extends from the side seam of the fixing frame 401 and hangs above the surface of the photovoltaic panel. The wiper blade 406 is snapped or glued to the bottom of the wiper arm 405, and is made of weather-resistant soft silicone material. Its contact edge is rounded to fit tightly against the surface of the photovoltaic panel and prevent scratching the glass. During operation, the drive motor 402 drives the screw 403 to rotate in the forward or reverse direction. Through the threaded transmission, the slider 404 is forced to move linearly along the screw axis, thereby driving the wiper arm 405 and the wiper blade 406 to reciprocate linearly along the surface of the photovoltaic panel, which, together with the water flow, removes stains.

[0027] The water collection and purification module 6 is used for water resource recycling and treatment, including a water collection and purification tank 601 and a transfer pump 605 located on the ground below the photovoltaic panels. The water collection and purification tank 601 has a layered structure, internally separated by porous partitions. From top to bottom, it is filled with a coarse filter layer 602 (filled with large-particle quartz sand for filtering large particles of silt and leaves), a fine filter layer 603 (using multiple layers of non-woven fabric or PP cotton for filtering fine suspended solids), and an activated carbon adsorption layer 604 (for adsorbing organic pollutants and odors). The tank is horizontally divided into a sedimentation zone and a purification zone. Wastewater and rainwater flowing down from the photovoltaic panels are preferentially collected in the sedimentation zone through the collection pipe bundle (including the guide branch pipes arranged along the lower edge of the photovoltaic panels and the main collection pipe for convergence) for settling. The clear liquid overflows or permeates through layers of filtration and enters the purification zone at the bottom for storage. The delivery pump 605 is installed on the rear side of the water collection and purification tank 601 or submerged in the purification area. Its inlet end is equipped with a filter screen that extends into the bottom of the tank, and its outlet end is connected to the inlet pipe 308 of the automatic spray module 3 through the second inlet pipe 606, so as to send the purified water back to the water storage tank 301 and realize the closed-loop transportation of water resources.

[0028] The control module 5 uses an industrial-grade PLC controller, which is installed in a waterproof electrical control box and electrically connected to the dirt sensing module 2, drive motor 402, micro water pump 302, delivery pump 605, and various limit sensors. The control module 5 internally stores a control logic program: upon receiving a cleaning trigger signal from the dirt sensing module 2, it first starts the micro water pump 302 to run for a preset spraying time (e.g., 30 seconds) to fully wet the photovoltaic panel; then it shuts off the pump and starts the drive motor 402, controlling the slider 404 to move the wiper blade 406 from one end to the other, touching the limit switch and then reversing to perform a preset number of wiping actions (e.g., 2 reciprocations); finally, all components reset and stop. In addition, the control module 5 also monitors the water level signal of the water storage tank 301 in real time. When the water level is detected to be below the lower limit, it outputs a control signal to start the delivery pump 605 to draw purified water from the water collection and purification tank 601 for replenishment until the water level reaches the upper limit.

[0029] Working principle: When the device is in standby monitoring state, the dirt sensing module 2 continues to work. The light emitting unit 201 installed on both sides of the photovoltaic panel emits detection light to the opposite side. The light receiving unit 202 receives the light signal after reflection or transmission through the surface of the photovoltaic panel. The signal processing unit 203 analyzes the light intensity attenuation value of the received light in real time. When the light intensity attenuation value on the surface of the photovoltaic panel exceeds the preset threshold due to pollutants such as dust or bird droppings, the signal processing unit 203 determines that the cleaning conditions have been met and sends a cleaning trigger signal to the control module 5.

[0030] After receiving the signal, the control module 5 first activates the automatic water spray module 3 for pre-wetting, and controls the micro water pump 302 to start, pumping the clean water source in the water storage tank 301 through the water supply pipeline 306 to the diversion pipeline 303 installed on the fixed frame 304. Finally, high-pressure water is sprayed onto the photovoltaic panel surface at a specific angle through evenly distributed spray nozzles 305, fully wetting and softening the dried stains attached to the surface, reducing the adhesion of subsequent mechanical scraping. The side wall of the water storage tank 301 is provided with a two-way water supply interface 307. One end can be connected to the recycled water of the water collection and purification module 6 through the water inlet pipe 308, and the other end can be connected to an external water source to ensure sufficient cleaning water.

[0031] After the spraying operation has continued for a preset time, the control module 5 instructs the wiper-type cleaning module 4 to perform deep cleaning. At this time, the drive motor 402 is powered on and starts, driving the screw 403 located inside the fixed frame 401 to rotate. The screw 403 cooperates with the slider 404 sleeved on it, converting the rotational motion of the motor into the linear reciprocating motion of the slider 404 along the guide direction of the fixed frame 401. The slider 404 drives the wiper arm 405 connected to it to move synchronously. The flexible wiper blade 406 installed below the wiper arm 405 is in close contact with the surface of the photovoltaic panel. With the help of the residual water film, the softened stains and water are scraped from one end of the photovoltaic panel to the other end. The reciprocating wiping thoroughly removes stubborn dirt and avoids watermarks.

[0032] Wastewater and rainwater generated during the cleaning process flow along the inclined surface of the photovoltaic panels to the water collection and purification module 6 below, and then enter the water collection and purification tank 601. Under the action of gravity, the wastewater passes sequentially through the coarse filter layer 602 to remove large particulate impurities, the fine filter layer 603 to filter fine suspended solids, and the activated carbon adsorption layer 604 to adsorb organic pollutants and odors. The purified water is stored at the bottom of the tank. When the water level in the storage tank 301 is detected to be insufficient, the control module 5 controls the delivery pump 605 to return the purified reclaimed water to the storage tank 301 through the inlet pipe 606, thereby realizing the recycling of clean water and reducing water consumption during the operation and maintenance of the photovoltaic power station.

Claims

1. An automatic cleaning device for photovoltaic panels in a photovoltaic power station, characterized in that, It includes a mounting bracket (1), a dirt sensing module (2), an automatic water spraying module (3), a wiper cleaning module (4), a control module (5), and a water collection and purification module (6). The mounting bracket (1) is used to fix the frame of the photovoltaic panel; The dirt sensing module (2) is mounted on the mounting frame (1) and is used to detect changes in the light transmittance of the photovoltaic panel surface and output a detection signal. The automatic water spraying module (3) is mounted on the mounting frame (1) and is used to spray cleaning water onto the surface of the photovoltaic panel; The wiper-type cleaning module (4) is movably mounted on the mounting bracket (1) and is used to scrape off water stains and contaminants from the surface of the photovoltaic panel; The water collection and purification module (6) is located below the photovoltaic panel and is used to collect the sewage flowing down from the photovoltaic panel and filter and purify it. The control module (5) is electrically connected to the dirt sensing module (2), the automatic water spraying module (3), the wiper cleaning module (4) and the water collection and purification module (6) respectively, and is used to control the operation of each module according to the detection signal.

2. The automatic cleaning device for photovoltaic panels in a photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dirt sensing module (2) includes a light emitting unit (201), a light receiving unit (202), and a signal processing unit (203). The light emitting unit (201) and the light receiving unit (202) are disposed opposite to each other on the two side frames of the photovoltaic panel. The detection light emitted by the light emitting unit (201) is received by the light receiving unit (202) after passing through the surface of the photovoltaic panel. The signal processing unit (203) is connected to the light receiving unit (202) and is used to calculate the received light intensity attenuation value and send a cleaning trigger signal to the control module (5) when the light intensity attenuation value is greater than a preset threshold.

3. The automatic cleaning device for photovoltaic panels in a photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wiper-type cleaning module (4) includes a fixed frame (401), a drive motor (402), a screw (403), a slider (404), a wiper arm (405), and a wiper blade (406). The fixing frame (401) is installed on the mounting bracket (1), and the screw (403) is rotatably disposed within the fixing frame (401); The drive motor (402) is mounted on one end of the fixed frame (401), and its output shaft is connected to the screw (403); The slider (404) is threaded to the side wall of the screw (403) and slidably connected inside the fixed frame (401). One end of the wiper arm (405) is fixed to the slider (404), and the other end extends to the top of the photovoltaic panel surface. The wiper blade (406) is installed on the wiper arm (405) on the side facing the photovoltaic panel and abuts against the surface of the photovoltaic panel.

4. The automatic cleaning device for photovoltaic panels in a photovoltaic power station according to claim 3, characterized in that, The wiper blade (406) is made of soft silicone material and its edges are rounded. The drive motor (402) is a stepper motor, which drives the screw (403) to rotate in both directions, thereby causing the slider (404) and the wiper arm (405) to reciprocate linearly along the surface of the photovoltaic panel.

5. The automatic cleaning device for photovoltaic panels in a photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The automatic water spraying module (3) includes a water storage tank (301), a micro water pump (302), a water supply pipeline (306), a fixing frame (304), a diversion pipeline (303), and a spray head (305). The water storage tank (301) is fixed on the mounting bracket (1), and the micro water pump (302) is located at the outlet end of the water storage tank (301); The fixing frame (304) is arranged along the width direction of the photovoltaic panel, and the diversion pipe (303) is installed in the fixing frame (304) and connected to the micro water pump (302) through the water supply pipe (306); Multiple spray heads (305) are spaced apart on the diversion pipe (303), and the spray direction of the spray heads (305) forms an angle of 30° to 45° with the surface of the photovoltaic panel.

6. The automatic cleaning device for photovoltaic panels in a photovoltaic power station according to claim 5, characterized in that, The side wall of the water storage tank (301) is provided with a two-way water supply interface (307). One interface of the two-way water supply interface (307) is connected to a water inlet pipe (308), and the other interface is used to connect to an external water source. The water inlet pipe (308) is connected to the outlet of the water collection and purification module (6) and is used to transport the purified recycled water.

7. The automatic cleaning device for photovoltaic panels in a photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water collection and purification module (6) includes a water collection and purification tank (601) and a delivery pump (605). The water collection and purification tank (601) is located on the ground below the photovoltaic panel, and its interior is provided with a coarse filter layer (602), a fine filter layer (603) and an activated carbon adsorption layer (604) from top to bottom. The delivery pump (605) is installed on the rear side of the water collection and purification tank (601), with the inlet end extending into the bottom of the water collection and purification tank (601) and the outlet end connected to the automatic spray module (3) through the second inlet pipe (606).

8. The automatic cleaning device for photovoltaic panels in a photovoltaic power station according to claim 7, characterized in that, The coarse filter layer (602) is filled with quartz sand, and the fine filter layer (603) is a non-woven fabric layer; the water collection and purification tank (601) is divided into a sedimentation zone and a purification zone, the main water collection pipe is connected to the sedimentation zone, and the purification zone is located below the activated carbon adsorption layer (604).

9. The automatic cleaning device for photovoltaic panels in a photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control module (5) is a PLC controller, and the control module (5) has preset light intensity attenuation threshold, water spray duration parameter and wiper reciprocation number parameter.

10. An automatic cleaning device for photovoltaic panels in a photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting bracket (1) includes a horizontal guide rail and a vertical support. The length of the horizontal guide rail is adapted to the width of the photovoltaic panel. The wiper-type cleaning module (4) slides along the horizontal guide rail, and the automatic water spraying module (3) is fixed on the horizontal guide rail.

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