Communication method and apparatus

Abstract

The application provides a communication method and device. The method comprises: determining a first signal frame. For example, the first signal frame can be used to indicate at least one node set of parallel communication. For example, the node set can comprise a plurality of nodes. Any node set of parallel communication can use a contention mechanism to communicate between nodes. The first signal frame is sent. The application provides one or more node sets that can communicate in parallel, and the nodes in the node sets can communicate based on a contention mechanism. The plurality of node sets work in parallel, which improves the overall network throughput and communication efficiency compared with a traditional power line network.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wireless communication, and more particularly to communication methods and apparatus. Background Technology

[0002] Power line communication (PLC), also known as power line networking, refers to a carrier communication method that uses existing power lines to transmit data. PLC technology can use existing low-frequency (50 / 60 Hz) power lines to send broadband data. With the development of smart grids, PLC is being used more and more widely in the power industry, not only for collecting electricity consumption information, but also for monitoring distribution networks, and for communication scenarios in new power systems such as photovoltaic systems and orderly charging.

[0003] Currently, the PLC protocol used in the power industry for electricity consumption information collection employs orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation, utilizing a frequency band within 12 MHz for meter data acquisition and remote monitoring. This technology is also commonly referred to in the industry as high-speed power line communication (HPLC). Power systems have numerous nodes, including a central coordinator (CCO), proxy coordinators (PCO), and stations (STA). Therefore, HPLC employs a combination of time division multiple access (TDMA) and carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) multiple access methods.

[0004] In the power industry, numerous nodes require communication, and the distances between nodes vary significantly due to differences in actual geographical locations, resulting in substantial attenuation over long distances. PLC networks typically form a tree-like topology, where nodes primarily compete for resources using carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) to achieve communication. However, due to significant attenuation in some nodes, a "hidden" node problem exists, increasing the likelihood of conflicts during resource contention, reducing communication efficiency, and impacting the network's system throughput.

[0005] Clearly, improving the performance of power line communication to meet the growing demands of power grid services is a pressing technical problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a communication method and apparatus, which provides one or more sets of nodes capable of parallel communication, and the nodes within these sets can communicate with each other based on a competition mechanism. By working in parallel, the parallel operation of multiple node sets improves the overall network throughput and communication efficiency compared to existing technologies.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] Firstly, a communication method is provided, applied to a first device. The first device can be a first node, a component of the first node (e.g., a processor, circuit, chip, or chip system), or a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the first node. For example, the first node can be a center coordinator (CCO), a proxy coordinator (PCO), or a station (STA). The method can include: determining a first signal frame. For example, the first signal frame can be used to indicate at least one set of nodes communicating in parallel. For example, the set of nodes can include multiple nodes. Nodes within any set of nodes communicating in parallel can communicate using a contention mechanism. The method also includes: sending the first signal frame.

[0009] This application provides one or more sets of nodes that can communicate in parallel, and the nodes within these sets can communicate based on a contention mechanism. By working in parallel, multiple sets of nodes improve the overall network throughput and communication efficiency compared to traditional power line networks.

[0010] In one possible design, the method may further include: determining a second signal frame. This second signal frame can be used to indicate a time slot corresponding to the parallel communication set. Then, the second signal frame is transmitted.

[0011] This application can also indicate the time slots corresponding to the sets of nodes that can communicate in parallel, so as to realize parallel communication of multiple sets of nodes within the corresponding time slots and improve the communication efficiency of the overall network.

[0012] In one possible design, at least one set of nodes in the parallel communication can belong to the same parallel communication set. For example, different parallel communication sets can correspond to different time slots.

[0013] In this embodiment, one or more sets of nodes in parallel communication can be divided into the same set of parallel communication, so as to flexibly allocate corresponding time slots to different sets of parallel communication and improve communication efficiency.

[0014] In one possible design, the nodes in the set of nodes for parallel communication can be completely different or partially the same.

[0015] This application allows parallel communication between sets of nodes that are completely different or partially the same. Compared with the traditional competitive communication between individual nodes, parallel communication between sets of nodes improves network communication efficiency.

[0016] In one possible design, the method may further include: receiving multiple third signal frames. For example, the third signal frames may be used to indicate a first received signal quality. This first received signal quality can be the received signal quality of a communication connection between any two of the N nodes. For example, N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. A first topology corresponding to the N nodes is determined based on the multiple first received signal qualities. For example, the first topology may include multiple sets of nodes, such as at least one set of nodes capable of parallel communication as mentioned above.

[0017] This application provides a method for configuring the first node to include multiple node sets, so that some node sets can communicate in parallel, thereby improving the overall network throughput and communication efficiency.

[0018] In one possible design, the interference between the sets of nodes in the first topology can be less than or equal to a first threshold.

[0019] The interference between the node sets in this application is small, which allows multiple node sets to avoid interference from signal frames sent by other node sets during parallel communication, thereby improving the communication success rate.

[0020] In one possible design, different sets of nodes may contain multiple nodes that are either identical or completely different.

[0021] This application uses a set of nodes that have some identical nodes or completely different nodes to form a tree network topology, which makes it easier for the first node to manage each node in the topology.

[0022] In one possible design, the quality of the received signal in the communication connection between any two nodes belonging to the same set of nodes can be greater than or equal to a second threshold.

[0023] In this application, the quality of the received signal in the communication connection between nodes within the same node set is greater than or equal to a second threshold to ensure that the signal frames sent between nodes within the node set can be correctly demodulated and decoded, thereby ensuring the communication success rate.

[0024] In one possible design, the method may further include transmitting a fourth signal frame. For example, this fourth signal frame could be used to adjust the transmission power of the second node.

[0025] The first node in this application can also dynamically adjust the transmission power of each second node, thereby better avoiding interference between the node sets and improving communication efficiency.

[0026] In one possible design, the fourth signal frame can be used to indicate the first transmission power of the second node.

[0027] This application can directly indicate the transmission power applicable to the second node, so that the second node can use this transmission power to send signal frames in subsequent communication, ensuring communication success rate and reducing interference to other node sets.

[0028] In one possible design, the fourth signal frame can be used to indicate the first parameter. For example, the first parameter can be used to adjust the second transmit power of the second node to the first transmit power.

[0029] This application can inform the second node of the appropriate transmission power by indicating the power adjustment parameter, so that the second node can use the transmission power to send signal frames in subsequent communication, thereby ensuring communication success rate and reducing interference to other node sets.

[0030] In one possible design, the fourth signal frame can be used to indicate a second parameter. For example, this second parameter can indicate a first condition. The first condition could be related to the transmit power of a communication connection between any two nodes out of N nodes. Alternatively, the first condition could be related to the receive power of a communication connection between any two nodes out of N nodes. For example, the first condition could be a transmit power constraint on a communication connection between any two nodes out of N nodes. For instance, it could constrain an upper limit of the transmit power between any two nodes, or a lower limit. Alternatively, it could constrain both an upper and lower limit (or a range) of the transmit power between any two nodes. There could be one or more of these upper and / or lower limits. Similarly, the first condition could be a receive power constraint on a communication connection between any two nodes out of N nodes. For instance, it could constrain an upper limit of the receive power between any two nodes, or a lower limit. Alternatively, it could constrain both an upper and lower limit (or a range) of the receive power between any two nodes. There could be one or more of these upper and / or lower limits.

[0031] This application can also reduce network overhead and improve communication efficiency by instructing other nodes to adjust the power of the peer transmitting node of this node.

[0032] In one possible design, the signal frames used for communication within different sets of nodes can include different first preambles. For example, the different first preambles can be orthogonal to each other.

[0033] This application avoids conflicts caused by nodes detecting and processing irrelevant signal frames (such as signal frames from other node sets) by using mutually orthogonal first preambles for different node sets. This prevents nodes from detecting and processing signal frames sent to them by other nodes within their own set, thus improving the overall network communication efficiency.

[0034] In one possible design, the contention mechanism may include carrier sense multiple access (CSMA).

[0035] This application provides a specific competition mechanism that enables communication to be completed within a set of nodes in parallel communication, ensuring communication efficiency within the node set and improving system versatility.

[0036] Secondly, a communication method is provided, which is applied to a second device. The second device can be a second node, a component of the second node (e.g., a processor, circuit, chip, or chip system), or a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the second node. For example, the second node can be a PCO (Programmable Component Operator) or a STA (Standard Executor). The method may include: receiving a first signal frame. For example, the first signal frame can be used to indicate at least one set of nodes in parallel communication. For example, the node set may include multiple nodes. Nodes within any set of nodes in parallel communication can communicate using a contention mechanism. Communication is performed within the first node set using a contention mechanism based on the first signal frame. For example, the first node set belongs to at least one set of nodes in the aforementioned parallel communication.

[0037] In one possible design, the method may further include receiving a second signal frame. For example, the second signal frame could be used to indicate a time slot corresponding to a set of parallel communications.

[0038] In one possible design, at least one set of nodes in the parallel communication can belong to the same parallel communication set. For example, different parallel communication sets can correspond to different time slots.

[0039] In one possible design, the nodes in the set of nodes for parallel communication can be completely different or partially the same.

[0040] In one possible design, the method may further include: sending a third signal frame. For example, this third signal frame may be used to indicate a first received signal quality. This first received signal quality can be the received signal quality of a communication connection between any two of the N nodes. For example, N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. A first topology corresponding to the N nodes is determined based on multiple first received signal qualities. This first topology may include multiple node sets, which include at least one node set involved in the aforementioned parallel communication.

[0041] In one possible design, the interference between the sets of nodes in the first topology can be less than or equal to a first threshold.

[0042] In one possible design, different sets of nodes may contain multiple nodes that are either identical or completely different.

[0043] In one possible design, the quality of the received signal in the communication connection between any two nodes belonging to the same set of nodes can be greater than or equal to a second threshold.

[0044] In one possible design, the method may further include receiving a fourth signal frame. For example, this fourth signal frame could be used to adjust the transmission power of the second node.

[0045] In one possible design, the fourth signal frame can be used to indicate the first transmission power of the second node.

[0046] In one possible design, the fourth signal frame can be used to indicate the first parameter. For example, this first parameter can be used to adjust the second transmit power of the second node to the first transmit power.

[0047] In one possible design, the fourth signal frame can be used to indicate a second parameter. For example, this second parameter can indicate a first condition. The first condition could be related to the transmit power of a communication connection between any two nodes out of N nodes. Alternatively, the first condition could be related to the receive power of a communication connection between any two nodes out of N nodes. For example, the first condition could be a transmit power constraint on a communication connection between any two nodes out of N nodes. For instance, it could constrain an upper limit of the transmit power between any two nodes, or a lower limit. Alternatively, it could constrain both an upper and lower limit (or a range) of the transmit power between any two nodes. There could be one or more of these upper and / or lower limits. Similarly, the first condition could be a receive power constraint on a communication connection between any two nodes out of N nodes. For instance, it could constrain an upper limit of the receive power between any two nodes, or a lower limit. Alternatively, it could constrain both an upper and lower limit (or a range) of the receive power between any two nodes. There could be one or more of these upper and / or lower limits.

[0048] In one possible design, the signal frames used for communication within different sets of nodes can include different first preambles. For example, the different first preambles can be orthogonal to each other.

[0049] In one possible design, the competition mechanism could include CSMA.

[0050] Thirdly, a communication device is provided. This device can be a first node, a communication module implementing the functions corresponding to the first node, or a chip responsible for communication functions, such as a modem chip (also known as a baseband chip), a system-on-chip (SoC) containing a modem module, or a system-in-package (SIP) chip. It can also be a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the first node. For example, the first node can be a CCO, a PCO, or an STA. The communication device may include: a processing unit for determining a first signal frame. For example, the first signal frame can be used to indicate at least one set of nodes communicating in parallel. For example, the node set may include multiple nodes. Nodes within any set of nodes communicating in parallel can communicate using a contention mechanism. A transceiver unit for transmitting the first signal frame.

[0051] In one possible design, the processing unit is further configured to determine a second signal frame. This second signal frame can be used to indicate the time slot corresponding to the parallel communication set. The transceiver unit is further configured to transmit the second signal frame.

[0052] In one possible design, at least one set of nodes in the parallel communication can belong to the same parallel communication set. For example, different parallel communication sets can correspond to different time slots.

[0053] In one possible design, the nodes in the set of nodes for parallel communication can be completely different or partially the same.

[0054] In one possible design, the transceiver unit is further configured to receive multiple third signal frames. For example, the third signal frame may be used to indicate a first received signal quality. This first received signal quality can be the received signal quality between any two nodes in a communication connection among N nodes. For example, N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. The processing unit is further configured to determine a first topology corresponding to the N nodes based on the multiple first received signal qualities. For example, the first topology may include multiple node sets, such as at least one set of nodes capable of parallel communication as mentioned above.

[0055] In one possible design, the interference between the sets of nodes in the first topology can be less than or equal to a first threshold.

[0056] In one possible design, different sets of nodes may contain multiple nodes that are either identical or completely different.

[0057] In one possible design, the quality of the received signal in the communication connection between any two nodes belonging to the same set of nodes can be greater than or equal to a second threshold.

[0058] In one possible design, the transceiver unit is also used to transmit a fourth signal frame. For example, this fourth signal frame could be used to adjust the transmission power of the second node.

[0059] In one possible design, the fourth signal frame can be used to indicate the first transmission power of the second node.

[0060] In one possible design, the fourth signal frame can be used to indicate the first parameter. For example, the first parameter can be used to adjust the second transmit power of the second node to the first transmit power.

[0061] In one possible design, the fourth signal frame can be used to indicate a second parameter. For example, this second parameter can indicate a first condition. The first condition could be related to the transmit power of a communication connection between any two nodes out of N nodes. Alternatively, the first condition could be related to the receive power of a communication connection between any two nodes out of N nodes. For example, the first condition could be a transmit power constraint on a communication connection between any two nodes out of N nodes. For instance, it could constrain an upper limit of the transmit power between any two nodes, or a lower limit. Alternatively, it could constrain both an upper and lower limit (or a range) of the transmit power between any two nodes. There could be one or more of these upper and / or lower limits. Similarly, the first condition could be a receive power constraint on a communication connection between any two nodes out of N nodes. For instance, it could constrain an upper limit of the receive power between any two nodes, or a lower limit. Alternatively, it could constrain both an upper and lower limit (or a range) of the receive power between any two nodes. There could be one or more of these upper and / or lower limits.

[0062] In one possible design, the signal frames used for communication within different sets of nodes can include different first preambles. For example, the different first preambles can be orthogonal to each other.

[0063] In one possible design, the competition mechanism could include CSMA.

[0064] Fourthly, a communication device is provided. This device can be a second node, a communication module implementing the functions corresponding to the second node, or a chip responsible for communication functions, such as a modem chip (also known as a baseband chip) or a SoC or SIP chip containing a modem module. It can also be a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the second node. For example, the second node can be a PCO or a STA. The communication device may include: a transceiver unit for receiving a first signal frame. For example, the first signal frame can be used to indicate at least one set of nodes in parallel communication. For example, the node set may include multiple nodes. Nodes within any set of nodes in parallel communication can communicate using a contention mechanism. A processing unit is used to communicate within the first node set using a contention mechanism based on the first signal frame. For example, the first node set belongs to at least one set of nodes in the aforementioned parallel communication.

[0065] In one possible design, the transceiver unit is also used to receive a second signal frame. For example, this second signal frame could be used to indicate the time slot corresponding to the set of parallel communications.

[0066] In one possible design, at least one set of nodes in the parallel communication can belong to the same parallel communication set. For example, different parallel communication sets can correspond to different time slots.

[0067] In one possible design, the nodes in the set of nodes for parallel communication can be completely different or partially the same.

[0068] In one possible design, the transceiver unit is further configured to: transmit a third signal frame. For example, this third signal frame can be used to indicate a first received signal quality. This first received signal quality can be the received signal quality of a communication connection between any two of the N nodes. For example, N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. A first topology corresponding to the N nodes is determined based on multiple first received signal qualities. This first topology can include multiple node sets, which include at least one node set involved in the aforementioned parallel communication.

[0069] In one possible design, the interference between the sets of nodes in the first topology can be less than or equal to a first threshold.

[0070] In one possible design, different sets of nodes may contain multiple nodes that are either identical or completely different.

[0071] In one possible design, the quality of the received signal in the communication connection between any two nodes belonging to the same set of nodes can be greater than or equal to a second threshold.

[0072] In one possible design, the transceiver unit is also used to receive a fourth signal frame. For example, this fourth signal frame could be used to adjust the transmission power of the second node.

[0073] In one possible design, the fourth signal frame can be used to indicate the first transmission power of the second node.

[0074] In one possible design, the fourth signal frame can be used to indicate the first parameter. For example, this first parameter can be used to adjust the second transmit power of the second node to the first transmit power.

[0075] In one possible design, the fourth signal frame can be used to indicate a second parameter. For example, this second parameter can indicate a first condition. The first condition could be related to the transmit power of a communication connection between any two nodes out of N nodes. Alternatively, the first condition could be related to the receive power of a communication connection between any two nodes out of N nodes. For example, the first condition could be a transmit power constraint on a communication connection between any two nodes out of N nodes. For instance, it could constrain an upper limit of the transmit power between any two nodes, or a lower limit. Alternatively, it could constrain both an upper and lower limit (or a range) of the transmit power between any two nodes. There could be one or more of these upper and / or lower limits. Similarly, the first condition could be a receive power constraint on a communication connection between any two nodes out of N nodes. For instance, it could constrain an upper limit of the receive power between any two nodes, or a lower limit. Alternatively, it could constrain both an upper and lower limit (or a range) of the receive power between any two nodes. There could be one or more of these upper and / or lower limits.

[0076] In one possible design, the signal frames used for communication within different sets of nodes can include different first preambles. For example, the different first preambles can be orthogonal to each other.

[0077] In one possible design, the competition mechanism could include CSMA.

[0078] Fifthly, a communication device is provided, which can be a first node, a communication module implementing the functions corresponding to the first node, or a chip responsible for communication functions, such as a modem chip (also known as a baseband chip) or a SoC or SIP chip containing a modem module. It can also be a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the first node. For example, the first node can be a CCO, a PCO, or an STA. The communication device may include: a processor for determining a first signal frame. For example, the first signal frame can be used to indicate at least one set of nodes communicating in parallel. For example, the set of nodes may include multiple nodes. Nodes within any set of nodes communicating in parallel can communicate using a contention mechanism. A transceiver for transmitting the first signal frame.

[0079] In one possible design, the processor is further configured to determine a second signal frame. This second signal frame can be used to indicate the time slot corresponding to the set of parallel communications. The transceiver is further configured to transmit the second signal frame.

[0080] In one possible design, at least one set of nodes in the parallel communication can belong to the same parallel communication set. For example, different parallel communication sets can correspond to different time slots.

[0081] In one possible design, the nodes included in the set of nodes for parallel communication can be completely different.

[0082] In one possible design, the transceiver is further configured to receive multiple third signal frames. For example, these third signal frames may indicate a first received signal quality. This first received signal quality can be the received signal quality between any two nodes in a communication connection among N nodes. For example, N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. The processor is further configured to determine a first topology corresponding to the N nodes based on the multiple first received signal qualities. For example, the first topology may include multiple sets of nodes, such as at least one set of nodes capable of parallel communication as mentioned above.

[0083] In one possible design, the interference between the sets of nodes in the first topology can be less than or equal to a first threshold.

[0084] In one possible design, different sets of nodes may contain multiple nodes that are either identical or completely different.

[0085] In one possible design, the quality of the received signal in the communication connection between any two nodes belonging to the same set of nodes can be greater than or equal to a second threshold.

[0086] In one possible design, the transceiver is also used to transmit a fourth signal frame. For example, this fourth signal frame could be used to adjust the transmission power of the second node.

[0087] In one possible design, the fourth signal frame can be used to indicate the first transmission power of the second node.

[0088] In one possible design, the fourth signal frame can be used to indicate the first parameter. For example, the first parameter can be used to adjust the second transmit power of the second node to the first transmit power.

[0089] In one possible design, the fourth signal frame can be used to indicate a second parameter. For example, this second parameter can indicate a first condition. The first condition could be related to the transmit power of a communication connection between any two nodes out of N nodes. Alternatively, the first condition could be related to the receive power of a communication connection between any two nodes out of N nodes. For example, the first condition could be a transmit power constraint on a communication connection between any two nodes out of N nodes. For instance, it could constrain an upper limit of the transmit power between any two nodes, or a lower limit. Alternatively, it could constrain both an upper and lower limit (or a range) of the transmit power between any two nodes. There could be one or more of these upper and / or lower limits. Similarly, the first condition could be a receive power constraint on a communication connection between any two nodes out of N nodes. For instance, it could constrain an upper limit of the receive power between any two nodes, or a lower limit. Alternatively, it could constrain both an upper and lower limit (or a range) of the receive power between any two nodes. There could be one or more of these upper and / or lower limits.

[0090] In one possible design, the signal frames used for communication within different sets of nodes can include different first preambles. For example, the different first preambles can be orthogonal to each other.

[0091] In one possible design, the competition mechanism could include CSMA.

[0092] Sixthly, a communication device is provided, which can be a second node, a communication module implementing the corresponding functions of the second node, or a chip responsible for communication functions, such as a modem chip (also known as a baseband chip) or a SoC or SIP chip containing a modem module. It can also be a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the second node. For example, the second node can be a PCO or a STA. The communication device may include: a transceiver for receiving a first signal frame. For example, the first signal frame can be used to indicate at least one set of nodes in parallel communication. For example, the node set may include multiple nodes. Nodes within any set of nodes in parallel communication can communicate using a contention mechanism. A processor for communicating within the first node set using a contention mechanism based on the first signal frame. For example, the first node set belongs to at least one set of nodes in the aforementioned parallel communication.

[0093] In one possible design, the transceiver is also used to receive a second signal frame. For example, this second signal frame could be used to indicate the time slot corresponding to a set of parallel communications.

[0094] In one possible design, at least one set of nodes in the parallel communication can belong to the same parallel communication set. For example, different parallel communication sets can correspond to different time slots.

[0095] In one possible design, the nodes included in the set of nodes for parallel communication can be completely different.

[0096] In one possible design, the transceiver is further configured to: transmit a third signal frame. For example, this third signal frame could be used to indicate a first received signal quality. This first received signal quality could be the received signal quality between any two nodes in a communication connection among N nodes. For example, N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. A first topology corresponding to the N nodes is determined based on multiple first received signal qualities. This first topology could include multiple node sets, which include at least one node set involved in the aforementioned parallel communication.

[0097] In one possible design, the interference between the sets of nodes in the first topology can be less than or equal to a first threshold.

[0098] In one possible design, different sets of nodes may contain multiple nodes that are either identical or completely different.

[0099] In one possible design, the quality of the received signal in the communication connection between any two nodes belonging to the same set of nodes can be greater than or equal to a second threshold.

[0100] In one possible design, the transceiver is also used to receive a fourth signal frame. For example, this fourth signal frame could be used to adjust the transmission power of the second node.

[0101] In one possible design, the fourth signal frame can be used to indicate the first transmission power of the second node.

[0102] In one possible design, the fourth signal frame can be used to indicate the first parameter. For example, this first parameter can be used to adjust the second transmit power of the second node to the first transmit power.

[0103] In one possible design, the fourth signal frame can be used to indicate a second parameter. For example, this second parameter can indicate a first condition. The first condition could be related to the transmit power of a communication connection between any two nodes out of N nodes. Alternatively, the first condition could be related to the receive power of a communication connection between any two nodes out of N nodes. For example, the first condition could be a transmit power constraint on a communication connection between any two nodes out of N nodes. For instance, it could constrain an upper limit of the transmit power between any two nodes, or a lower limit. Alternatively, it could constrain both an upper and lower limit (or a range) of the transmit power between any two nodes. There could be one or more of these upper and / or lower limits. Similarly, the first condition could be a receive power constraint on a communication connection between any two nodes out of N nodes. For instance, it could constrain an upper limit of the receive power between any two nodes, or a lower limit. Alternatively, it could constrain both an upper and lower limit (or a range) of the receive power between any two nodes. There could be one or more of these upper and / or lower limits.

[0104] In one possible design, the signal frames used for communication within different sets of nodes can include different first preambles. For example, the different first preambles can be orthogonal to each other.

[0105] In one possible design, the competition mechanism could include CSMA.

[0106] A seventh aspect provides a communication system, comprising: a first node and a second node. The first node is configured to execute the methods described in the first aspect and its various possible implementations, and the second node is configured to execute the methods described in the second aspect and its various possible implementations.

[0107] Eighthly, a chip is provided, comprising interface circuitry and one or more processors. The one or more processors are coupled to a memory. The memory stores part or all of a computer program or instructions necessary for implementing the functions described in the first and second aspects. The one or more processors are executable to carry out the computer program or instructions, which, when executed, cause the communication device to implement the methods in any possible design or implementation of the first and second aspects. The interface circuitry is used to implement communication functions within the communication device and / or communication functions between the communication device and other devices or components.

[0108] Ninthly, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions; when the computer instructions are executed on a computer, the computer causes the computer to perform a communication method as designed in any of the foregoing aspects.

[0109] A tenth aspect provides a computer program product. The computer program product includes a computer program or instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform a communication method as designed in any of the foregoing aspects.

[0110] The beneficial effects of the methods in any of the second to tenth aspects mentioned above can be referred to the description of the beneficial effects of the methods in the first aspect, and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0111] Figure 1 A network topology diagram provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0112] Figure 2 A physical topology diagram provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0113] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a logical topology provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0114] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a frame structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0115] Figure 5 A beacon cycle diagram provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0116] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a power line network provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0117] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0118] Figure 8 This is another logical topology diagram provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0119] Figure 9 Another beacon cycle diagram provided for embodiments of this application;

[0120] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a signal frame structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0121] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of signal conflict provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0122] Figure 12 This is another logical topology diagram provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0123] Figure 13 This is another logical topology diagram provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0124] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0125] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of another communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0126] The solutions provided in this application can be applied to communication between communication devices. Communication can include communication between different nodes. In this application, the term "communication" can also be described as "signal transmission," "data transmission," "information transmission," or simply "transmission." Communication devices can also be called communication apparatuses.

[0127] Currently, in the power industry, power line communication (PLC) is typically used in concentrator communication units of electricity information acquisition systems for data exchange with electricity meter communication units and data collector communication units. With the development of smart grids, the applications of PLCs in the power industry are becoming increasingly widespread. PLCs can also be used for communication needs in new power systems such as distribution network monitoring, photovoltaic systems, and orderly charging. In some examples, PLCs can use OFDM modulation, utilizing a frequency band within 12MHz for meter data acquisition and remote monitoring.

[0128] PLCs have a natural advantage in the power industry due to their extensive cabling coverage, eliminating the need for additional communication cables and offering greater reliability compared to air communication. The challenge with PLCs lies in the fact that power lines are not specifically designed for communication. The load impedance on these lines is complex and changes in real time, and noise interference from various electrical devices is significant, greatly limiting transmission speeds and placing higher demands on transceivers. Furthermore, the power industry involves a large number of nodes requiring communication, often spread over long distances—potentially 2000 or more nodes. Therefore, PLC networks are typically structured as multi-level tree networks. Figure 1 The diagram illustrates a PLC tree topology network with 12 nodes. The nodes in this network can include a central coordinator (CCO), a proxy coordinator (PCO), and stations (STAs). The CCO can be considered the root node of the tree topology, and the PCO can be considered a sink node, for example, it can be used as a relay node. The end nodes in this network topology can be considered STAs. It is understood that... Figure 1 The topology network shown can be a logical topology network.

[0129] refer to Figure 2 A physical topology network with 13 nodes is shown as an example. Accordingly, Figure 3 This illustrates a logical topology network of these 13 nodes. In the physical topology, the nodes are connected by power lines, a typical topology deployed in real-world environments due to geographical location and requirements. Figure 3 The corresponding logical topology is typically a topology structure composed of communication relationships between nodes, i.e., the actual topology during the communication process. For example, it can be established based on the channel conditions between nodes, with the principle of building a tree-like topology network with as few levels as possible. (Comparison) Figure 2 , Figure 3 It can be observed that, for example, node 2 in the physical structure might be located between node 1 and nodes 4, 5, and 6. However, logically, nodes 2, 4, 5, and 6 might be nodes at the same level. For instance, if the channel quality between nodes 2, 4, 5, and 6 and node 1 is relatively good, then assuming node 1 is a first-level node, nodes 2, 4, 5, and 6 could be second-level nodes. Similarly, the channel quality between nodes 3 and 13 and node 1 is poor, but the channel quality with node 4 is better. Therefore, node 4 can act as the PCO and be responsible for forwarding data to nodes 3 and 13. Accordingly, nodes 3 and 13 can be considered third-level nodes. Similarly, node 5 can also act as the PCO, responsible for forwarding data to nodes 10, 11, and 12; and node 6 can also act as the PCO, responsible for forwarding data to nodes 7, 8, and 12.

[0130] In implementing a PLC based on the above topology, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation and time division multiple access (TDMA) methods can be used. For example, high-speed power line communication (HPLC) technology, commonly used in the industry for applications such as electricity meter data acquisition, can use frequency bands within 12MHz for communication.

[0131] In some cases, the physical layer frame structure of HPLC can be referenced. Figure 4 As shown, for example, a presentation layer protocol data unit (PPDU) may include a preamble, x frame control symbols, and y payload symbols. Guard intervals may also be included between adjacent frame control symbols and between data payload symbols. x and y can be any positive integers. Figure 4 The numbers in the table represent the number of time-domain sampling points of the PPDU signal.

[0132] In some cases, HPLC scenarios typically involve numerous nodes, which can utilize a combination of time division multiple access (TDMA) and carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) for multiple access. (See reference) Figure 5 As shown, the CCO can periodically send beacon frames, which may contain the time slot allocation information within the beacon period assigned by the CCO. It is understood that beacon frames can be sent within beacon time slots within the beacon period. For example, the beacon period may include beacon time slots, i.e., time slots used to send beacon frames; and TDMA time slots, which can be used by specific users to communicate in TDMA mode within these time slots. The aforementioned beacon time slots and TDMA time slots can be considered non-contention time slots, where which nodes can communicate and during what time periods are pre-configured. The beacon period may also include CSMA time slots and bound CSMA time slots. The difference between bound CSMA time slots and regular CSMA time slots is that bound CSMA time slots are dedicated to certain services or specific nodes. That is, in a regular CSMA time slot, all nodes can compete for the time slot and communicate based on CSMA mode. However, in a bound CSMA time slot, only services or nodes bound to that time slot are allowed to communicate using CSMA mode; other unbound services or nodes cannot communicate with bound CSMA nodes. For example, if a bound service uses CSMA communication, it can be understood that the nodes executing that bound service communicate using CSMA. The aforementioned CSMA time slots and bound CSMA time slots can be considered contention time slots, meaning that multiple nodes communicate through contention within these time slots. The aforementioned beacon period can also be called the MAC period.

[0133] Understandably, although Figure 5 While the lengths of each time slot are similar, the actual non-contention time slots may account for a very small portion of the entire beacon period. The majority of the beacon period may be allocated to contention time slots. This is because most nodes and / or service data need to compete for time slot resources in contention time slots using the CSMA method for communication.

[0134] Of course, the implementation of how each node uses CSMA to preempt time slots can be referenced from relevant technologies, and this application does not limit the specific implementation.

[0135] However, considering the large number of nodes in a PLC scenario, and the primary reliance on CSMA (Content Conflict Analysis and Response) for communication, which is a decentralized resource contention mechanism, when there are hundreds or thousands of nodes, the physical distance between them can lead to significant network attenuation. Based on the aforementioned tree topology, some nodes may be mutually invisible (communication between these nodes cannot be correctly received, demodulated, or decoded). These invisible nodes can be called hidden nodes. When these hidden nodes compete using CSMA, the probability of communication conflicts increases. For example, consider... Figure 3 Taking the illustrated logical topology as an example, nodes 13 and 9 may be hidden nodes. Suppose nodes 13 and 9 preemptively acquire the same time-domain resources to communicate with node 1 using CSMA (Concurrent Conflict of Time) communication. Then, node 1 cannot correctly receive the signals simultaneously transmitted by nodes 13 and 9. These signals interfere with each other, reducing the overall network communication efficiency and affecting the overall network throughput. Simultaneously, all nodes in the network compete for time slot resources, resulting in excessively low time-division efficiency for the competing time slots.

[0136] Therefore, embodiments of this application provide a communication method that provides one or more sets of nodes capable of parallel communication, and the nodes within these sets can communicate based on a contention mechanism. By working in parallel, multiple sets of nodes improve the overall network throughput and communication efficiency compared to traditional PLCs.

[0137] The communication method and apparatus will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is understood that the embodiments of this application use a first node and a second node as examples of the execution subjects in the interaction illustration, but this application does not limit the execution subjects of the interaction illustration. The method executed by the first node in this application can also be implemented by a module in the first node (e.g., a circuit, processor, chip, or chip system, etc.), or a logic node, logic module, or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the first node. Similarly, the method executed by the second node in this application can also be implemented by a module in the second node (e.g., a circuit, processor, chip, or chip system, etc.), or a logic node, logic module, or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the second node.

[0138] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a power line network, in which distribution transformer terminals, switches, meters, charging piles, etc., are all possible HPLC communication nodes. The switches can include inbound / outbound switches, inbound switches, etc. For example... Figures 1 to 4 Node 1 in the data can be Figure 6 In the distribution transformer terminal, nodes 4, 5, and 6 can be Figure 6Examples of such switches include those in primary and secondary branches, or switches before meters on the user side. Other end nodes can be... Figure 6 Such as the various electricity meters in the meter box or the charging pile, etc.

[0139] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a communication method provided for an embodiment of this application.

[0140] This communication process may be applicable to, but is not limited to, the following: Figure 6 In the communication scenario shown, this solution can be applied to power line communication networks in the power industry, and also to other Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, including other wireless or wired IoT technologies. This application does not limit the scope of the application. The method may include the following steps:

[0141] S101, the first node determines the first signal frame.

[0142] For example, the first signal frame can be used to indicate at least one set of nodes in parallel communication. In some examples, each set of nodes may include multiple nodes, such as M nodes. The number of M nodes included in each set of nodes may be the same or different. M can be a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. That is, each set of nodes includes at least 2 or more nodes. In various embodiments of this application, the node set may also be referred to as a subdomain, node domain, node subset, subnetwork, subnet, node network, subnode network, etc., and this application does not limit the terminology.

[0143] In some examples, the first signal frame can also be used to indicate at least one node communicating in parallel with at least one set of nodes mentioned above.

[0144] For example, for any set of nodes capable of parallel communication, the nodes within that set can communicate using a contention mechanism. For instance, for any set of nodes that can achieve parallel communication, the nodes within that set can compete using CSMA (Content-Side Module Association). Therefore, for at least one set of nodes capable of parallel communication, it means that this at least one set of nodes can simultaneously compete for communication within its own set using CSMA.

[0145] In some embodiments, the nodes included in the sets of nodes in parallel communication can be completely different. This avoids situations where some nodes belong to multiple sets of nodes in parallel communication, but at a certain moment, these nodes receive signals from some nodes in different sets of nodes, thus preventing signal conflicts.

[0146] refer to Figure 8As shown, for example, node sets 2, 3, and 4 contain completely different nodes. Therefore, node sets 2, 3, and 4 can communicate in parallel. This can be achieved by having nodes in node set 2 communicate with each other, competing for time slot resources using the CSMA (Concurrent Transactional Analysis) method. Furthermore, node sets 3 and 4 can execute in parallel with node set 2 using the same communication method. Since node sets 3 and 4 are implemented in the same way as node set 2, this embodiment will not repeat the details.

[0147] In some examples, the nodes in the sets of nodes communicating in parallel can be partially the same. Considering that the number of overlapping nodes between different node sets is small, such as less than or equal to a certain threshold, these node sets can also communicate in parallel. This situation may lead to some communication conflicts; for example, a node belonging to multiple node sets might simultaneously receive signal frames from different node sets. However, compared to existing technologies, the parallel communication of the node sets still results in a significant performance improvement.

[0148] In this embodiment, parallel communication is allowed for sets of nodes that are completely different or partially the same. Compared with the traditional competitive communication between nodes, parallel communication of a partial set of nodes improves network communication efficiency.

[0149] In some embodiments, the first node may also determine a second signal frame. For example, the second signal frame may be used to indicate a time slot corresponding to at least one set of nodes communicating in parallel. For example, the time slot may be a CSMA time slot or a bundled CSMA time slot in the aforementioned beacon period. For example, the second signal frame may indicate that all sets of nodes are communicating in parallel in a certain time slot. Or, for example, the second signal frame may indicate that some sets of nodes are communicating in parallel in a certain time slot. For example, the second signal frame may be the aforementioned beacon frame. Thus, the allocation of time slots within the beacon period can be indicated by the second signal frame.

[0150] For example, bound CSMA time slots can be used for parallel communication across all node sets. For instance, with regular CSMA time slots, as described in related technologies, all nodes compete for communication using CSMA. With bound CSMA time slots, communication can be based on a node set, with CSMA competing for communication within the set and parallel communication between different node sets. In this case, the second signal frame can indicate that the bound CSMA time slot corresponds to an identifier, which signifies parallel communication between all node sets.

[0151] For example, parallel communication among node sets can also be achieved for CSMA time slots. For instance, the second signal frame indicates the start and end times of the CSMA time slot, allowing parallel communication among node sets within that CSMA time slot. It is not necessary to indicate the node set corresponding to the CSMA time slot. In this scenario, a corresponding bound CSMA time slot may not be allocated for the aforementioned node set. It is understood that bound CSMA time slots can be implemented in accordance with related technologies. Similarly, the node sets within this bound CSMA time slot can also communicate in parallel as described in the above embodiments, which will not be repeated in this application.

[0152] In some embodiments, at least one set of nodes in the above-described parallel communication may belong to the same parallel communication set. For example, a parallel communication set can be considered to include one or more sets of nodes that can communicate in parallel. For example, a parallel communication set can also be called a concurrency domain, a parallel communication domain, a concurrency set, etc., which are not limited in this application embodiment. Different concurrency domains can be described as concurrency domains of different levels, concurrency domains of different grades, etc., which are not limited in this application embodiment. Figure 8 Taking the illustrated topology as an example, the first-level parallel communication set may include node set 1, and the second-level parallel communication set may include node set 2, node set 3, and node set 4. Of course, other examples may include node sets of more levels, and each level may include more or fewer node sets; this embodiment does not impose such limitations. Each node set in each parallel communication set can communicate in parallel.

[0153] As shown in Table 1, different sets of parallel communication can correspond to different time slots.

[0154] Table 1

[0155] Parallel communication set First level Node set 1 Second level Node set 2, Node set 3, Node set 4

[0156] In some examples, the second signal frame can use a first identifier to indicate one or more sets of nodes that are allowed to communicate in parallel in each time slot, i.e., the set of parallel communications corresponding to each time slot. For example, the first identifier can be a link identifier (LID). This LID can indicate the set of parallel communications; that is, the LID can indicate one or more sets of nodes that can communicate in parallel. (See reference) Figure 9As shown, the second signal frame can indicate that one or more node sets, including the parallel communication set corresponding to LID1 in CSMA time slot 1, are communicating concurrently, and can also indicate that one or more node sets, including the parallel communication set corresponding to LID2 in CSMA time slot 2, are communicating concurrently. Assuming that the parallel communication set indicated by LID1 is the first-level parallel communication set shown in Table 1, it means that node set 1 competes for communication in CSMA time slot 1 using the CSMA method. Assuming that the parallel communication set indicated by LID2 is the second-level parallel communication set shown in Table 1, it means that node sets 2, 3, and 4 communicate concurrently in CSMA time slot 2; that is, node sets 2, 3, and 4 compete for communication within their respective node sets using the CSMA method in CSMA time slot 2. It can be seen that this method allows the three node sets to communicate in parallel in CSMA time slot 2, improving network efficiency by a factor of three.

[0157] In some examples, sets of nodes communicating using a contention mechanism in different time slots may have some identical nodes. Still using... Figure 8 Taking the illustrated topology as an example, assume that node sets 2, 3, and 4 communicate using a contention mechanism within time slot 1. Since node set 1 shares some nodes with nodes 2, 3, and 4, it's clearly unsuitable for node set 1 to communicate using a contention mechanism within time slot 1. The reason is that if node set 1 communicates with nodes 2, 3, and 4 using a contention mechanism within time slot 1, for example, nodes 1 and 13 might both preempt the same time slot resource to send signal frames to node 4. These signal frames would interfere with each other, preventing node 4 from correctly receiving and demodulating the signal frames sent by nodes 1 and 13, thus causing a communication conflict. Similarly, node set 1 would also experience in-phase communication issues with nodes 2 and 4. Therefore, node set 1 should be allocated to a different time slot than time slot 1, such as time slot 2. Within time slot 2, the nodes in node set 1 can communicate using a contention mechanism.

[0158] In some examples, different sets of nodes belonging to the same parallel communication set may have some identical nodes. These sets of nodes can then communicate in parallel. As described in the foregoing embodiments, although some communication conflicts may exist, there is still a significant performance improvement compared to existing technologies due to the parallel communication set of nodes.

[0159] The embodiments of this application can also indicate the time slots corresponding to the sets of nodes that can communicate in parallel, so as to realize parallel communication of multiple sets of nodes within the corresponding time slots and improve the communication efficiency of the overall network.

[0160] In some examples, each time slot is configured with its own parallel communication set. That is, the parallel communication sets corresponding to different time slots can be the same or different. For example, time slot 1 can be configured to correspond to parallel communication set 1, and time slot 2 to parallel communication set 2. Or, time slot 1 can be configured to correspond to parallel communication set 1, and time slot 2 can also correspond to parallel communication set 1. This means that the one or more node sets included in parallel communication set 1 can achieve parallel communication in both time slot 1 and time slot 2.

[0161] Of course, the above embodiments describe the situation where each time slot is configured with a corresponding parallel communication set. These time slots can be the aforementioned bound CSMA time slots. This means that these bound CSMA time slots can be bound to each parallel communication set, that is, the bound CSMA time slot is allocated to the set of nodes within the bound parallel communication set for parallel communication. In this case, the parallel communication set corresponding to each time slot can be indicated by the second signal frame.

[0162] In some examples, the first signal frame and the second signal frame mentioned above may be the same signal frame or different signal frames, and this application embodiment does not limit this.

[0163] In some cases, the first node can be the CCO mentioned above. Figure 8 Taking the network topology shown as an example, the first node can be node 1. Alternatively, the first node can be one of the PCOs mentioned above, such as... Figure 8 The network topology shown includes nodes 4, 5, and / or 6. Alternatively, the first node could be one of the aforementioned STAs, such as... Figure 8 The network topology shown includes nodes 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and / or 13.

[0164] S102, the first node sends a first signal frame to the second node. Correspondingly, the second node receives the first signal frame from the first node.

[0165] For example, the second node can determine at least one set of nodes that can communicate in parallel based on the received first signal frame. For instance, the second node could belong to one of these sets of nodes. Then, the second node can communicate with other nodes within that set using a contention mechanism. In some examples, the second node can be any node other than the first node. (Continuing with...) Figure 8 Taking the network topology shown as an example, the second node can be any node other than node 1.

[0166] In some examples, if the first node also determines a second signal frame in S102, then the first node can also send the second signal frame to the second node. Accordingly, the second node receives the second signal frame from the first node.

[0167] This application provides one or more sets of nodes that can communicate in parallel, and the nodes within these sets can communicate based on a contention mechanism. By working in parallel, multiple sets of nodes improve the overall network throughput and communication efficiency compared to traditional power line networks.

[0168] In the communication method provided in this application embodiment, before determining the first signal frame, the first node can also configure (or generate) a logical topology including at least one set of nodes, such as a first topology. That is, the first node can be used to configure (or generate) the first topology, and configure one or more sets of nodes that can communicate in parallel based on the first topology. Therefore, the method can also include: the first node receiving multiple third signal frames. For example, it can receive third signal frames from each of the second nodes. Accordingly, the second nodes can send third signal frames to the first node. For example, the third signal frame can be used to indicate a first received signal quality. The first received signal quality is the received signal quality of a communication connection between any two nodes among N nodes. The N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. The first node can determine the first topology corresponding to the N nodes based on the multiple received first received signal qualities. The first topology can include multiple sets of nodes, which include at least one set of nodes mentioned above. In some examples, the third signal frame can be a management message frame containing a discovery list type, such as a management message frame implemented through a start of frame (SOF) frame. The third signal frame can also be other types of management message frames, and this application embodiment does not limit them.

[0169] In some embodiments, the second node can communicate with one or more third nodes. The second node can then obtain the received signal quality of the communication connection with each third node, which may be referred to as the second received signal quality. The second node can inform the first node of this one or more second received signal qualities via a third signal frame. In some examples, the first node can also determine the received signal quality of the communication connection between itself and the second node that sent the third signal frame by measuring the third signal frame; this may also be referred to as the third received signal quality. Of course, the first node can also measure the aforementioned third received signal quality through other signal frames. For example, the first node may send data frames, beacon frames, heartbeat frames, etc., in pre-communication with each second node. The first node can determine the third received signal quality by measuring these possible signal frames.

[0170] The aforementioned second and third received signal qualities can be collectively referred to as the first received signal quality. The first node can determine the first topology based on multiple first received signal qualities (such as including one or more second received signal qualities and one or more third received signal qualities).

[0171] In various embodiments of this application, the received signal quality can be connection-related and directional. For example, a communication connection between node A and node B, where node A sends a signal frame to node B, can be referred to as a communication connection between node A and node B (or simply a connection between node A and node B). The received signal quality is the quality of the signal received by node B from node A. Similarly, when node B sends a signal frame to node A, it can be referred to as a communication connection between node B and node A (or simply a connection between node B and node A). The received signal quality is the quality of the signal received by node A from node B. It can be seen that, even between nodes A and B, different directions of signal frame transmission correspond to different received signal qualities.

[0172] It is understood that the aforementioned N nodes may include the first node, each of the second nodes, and one or more possible third nodes. Therefore, in the multiple node sets within the first topology determined by the first node, one node set should include the first node and at least one second node. The remaining node sets may include multiple second nodes, or at least one second node and one or more third nodes. Furthermore, considering that each node set mentioned above includes M nodes, these M nodes may belong to the aforementioned N nodes. One approach is to assign each of the N nodes to its corresponding node set; another approach is to assign some of the N nodes to their respective node sets, while some nodes may not be assigned to any node set. This embodiment does not limit the scope of this application.

[0173] In some examples, received signal quality (or signal reception quality) may include: received signal power (or signal received power), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR), bit error rate (BER), block error rate (BLER), etc., which are not limited in the embodiments of this application. Any of the above-mentioned received signal qualities can be affected by the channel and / or transmit power. Transmit power can be considered as the transmission power used by the node transmitting the signal frame during the transmission of the signal frame between two nodes. This transmit power can also be referred to as transmit power level, etc., which are not limited in the embodiments of this application.

[0174] In some embodiments, each third node may send a fifth signal frame to the second node so that the second node can determine the second received signal quality of the communication connection between the third node and the second node through the fifth signal frame. For example, the fifth signal frame may refer to... Figure 10 As shown, the fifth signal frame may include a preamble and a control frame. Optionally, the fifth signal frame may also include a payload (or payload symbol). For example, the control frame field may indicate that a measurement is to be performed on the fifth signal frame, such as measuring the received signal quality of the fifth signal frame.

[0175] In some examples, the control frame field can indicate the type of the signal frame containing the control frame field, such as a first type. This first type of signal frame can be used to instruct the node receiving the signal frame to measure it and determine the received signal quality. For example, the first type can also be called a probe frame type, etc. For instance, the first type can be a different type parallel to the SOF frame; this application embodiment does not limit this. Correspondingly, the fifth signal frame can also be called a probe frame, etc., this application embodiment does not limit this.

[0176] For example, the fifth signal frame is a PPDU frame that does not include a payload symbol. Alternatively, if the fifth signal frame is an SOF frame that includes a payload, then the payload portion can indicate the first type described above, or the payload portion can directly indicate to the node receiving the fifth signal frame that it is measuring the fifth signal frame.

[0177] In some examples, for instance, the first node can determine the signal attenuation of the communication connection between any two nodes among N nodes based on the aforementioned multiple first received signal quality parameters (such as one or more second received signal quality parameters and one or more third received signal quality parameters). For example, if the received signal quality is SNR, a larger SNR indicates better received signal quality and weaker attenuation; conversely, a smaller SNR indicates poorer received signal quality, more interference between the two nodes, and more severe attenuation. The first node can determine whether each SNR is considered good or poor using one or more SNR thresholds. If an SNR is greater than or equal to the SNR threshold, it can be considered good; conversely, if an SNR is less than or equal to the SNR threshold, it can be considered poor. Furthermore, SNR can be for multiple carriers or carrier groups. For example, the SNR thresholds corresponding to multiple carriers or carrier groups can be represented in a list format. Of course, other equivalent forms can also be used, which are not limited in the embodiments of this application. For each carrier or carrier group, a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be determined. Then, by determining the number and / or proportion of SNRs exceeding the SNR threshold in the aforementioned list, and based on whether this proportion exceeds another set threshold (such as a third threshold), it can be determined whether the received signal quality meets the requirements. For example, if the number and / or proportion of SNRs exceeding the SNR threshold is greater than or equal to the second threshold, the received signal quality can be considered good; conversely, if the number and / or proportion of SNRs exceeding the SNR threshold is less than or equal to the second threshold, the received signal quality can be considered poor. For the critical value equal to the second threshold, it can be determined whether the received signal quality is good or poor based on the actual situation; this application does not limit this.

[0178] For example, the first node determines the set of nodes including itself based on the signal attenuation of the third received signal quality of the communication connection between different second nodes and the first node. The first node can also determine some nodes in this set of nodes as head nodes of other node sets, and determine the other node sets based on the second received signal quality associated with these head nodes. This process continues until all N nodes are assigned to one or more node sets, resulting in the first topology. It can be understood that the head node can be considered a node that simultaneously belongs to multiple node sets. Of course, a node that simultaneously belongs to multiple node sets may or may not be a head node. For example, two node sets may have multiple identical nodes; in this case, one of these multiple nodes is the head node.

[0179] It is worth noting that in the embodiments of this application, the quality of the received signal is equal to a certain threshold. The quality of the received signal can be determined to be good or bad according to the actual situation. The embodiments of this application do not limit this.

[0180] It is understandable that the aforementioned measurement thresholds can include multiple thresholds, such as multiple SNR thresholds. This is mainly because the channel quality within different node sets may differ, and different modulation and coding parameters can be specified for different node sets, such as the diversity copy parameters defined in the HPLC protocol specification (e.g., diversity copy modes 0-14 defined in the HPLC standard specification). Therefore, different SNR thresholds can be set for different node sets. For example, for the head node in different node sets, other nodes belonging to the node set including that head node can be determined based on different SNR thresholds. Figure 8 For example, node 1 can determine nodes 2, 4, 5, and 6 based on SNR threshold 1, forming node set 1. Node 1 can determine nodes 13 and 3 with node 4 as the head node based on SNR threshold 2, forming node set 2. Node 1 can determine nodes 10, 11, and 12 with node 5 as the head node based on SNR threshold 3, forming node set 3, and so on. This application does not limit the scope of the embodiments.

[0181] This application provides a method for configuring a first node to include multiple node sets, so that some node sets can communicate in parallel, thereby improving the overall network throughput and communication efficiency.

[0182] In some embodiments, since node 1 considers the signal attenuation between nodes during the determination of the first topology, this also means that the interference between node sets is relatively small. Therefore, the interference between node sets in this first topology can be less than or equal to a first threshold. This is because the received signal power of the communication connection between any two nodes belonging to different node sets needs to be less than or equal to a certain received signal power threshold (i.e., the first threshold) to ensure that interference between node sets does not affect communication within the node set. Therefore, assuming the signal transmitted between these two nodes is considered interference, the interference to the receiver of that signal is relatively small. Figure 8 Taking the first possible topology as an example, when node 4 and node 13 in node set 2 communicate, node 4 sends signal frame A. Meanwhile, signal frame B sent by node 8 in node set 4 also reaches node 13. Signal frame A is a signal that needs demodulation for node 13, while signal frame B is an interference signal for node 13. Since the attenuation of signals between nodes is considered during the determination of the first topology, it means that the signal attenuation between nodes 13 and 8, which belong to different node sets, is stronger, and the received signal power of signal frame B may be relatively low. Therefore, when signal frame B is an interference signal, it means that the interference of signal frame B sent by node 8 to node 13 will also be relatively small.

[0183] It can be seen that the signal sent by a node in a certain node set will not cause excessive interference to nodes in other node sets to a certain extent, and it can be considered that this interference is effectively controlled. Therefore, for example, node sets 2, 3, and 4 can communicate in parallel in the same time slot. For instance, each node set communicating in parallel can complete the communication between any two nodes in the same time slot using a contention mechanism to improve communication efficiency.

[0184] In this embodiment, the interference between the node sets is relatively small, which allows multiple node sets to avoid interference from signal frames sent by other node sets during parallel communication, thereby improving the communication success rate.

[0185] In some embodiments, multiple nodes included in different node sets may be partially identical, or multiple nodes included in different node sets may be completely different. (See reference) Figure 8 As shown, node set 1 includes node 1, node 2, node 4, node 5, and node 6. Node set 1 shares some nodes with node sets 2, 3, and 4. For example, node set 1 shares node 4 with node set 2, node set 1 shares node 5 with node set 3, and node set 1 shares node 6 with node set 4. However, the nodes in node sets 2, 3, and 4 are completely different. Thus, these node sets with partially identical and completely different nodes can form a tree-like topology, namely the first topology. Through this tree structure, the first node (node ​​1) can manage and communicate with the nodes in the first topology. For example, the first signal frame in the aforementioned embodiment can configure the node set to which each node belongs, which node sets can communicate in parallel with this node set, and at what time a node can communicate with other nodes in its node set based on a contention mechanism.

[0186] The embodiments of this application can form a tree network topology by using a set of nodes that have some identical nodes or completely different nodes, which makes it easier for the first node to manage each node in the topology.

[0187] In some embodiments, the aforementioned first topology can be determined based on the received signal quality. Therefore, the received signal quality of the communication connection between any two nodes belonging to different node sets can be less than or equal to a first threshold. This is because during parallel communication between different node sets, each node set operates within an independent environment based on a contention mechanism. This means that a signal within one node set is interference for other node sets. Therefore, the signal transmitted between any two nodes belonging to different node sets can be considered interference, or interference between different node sets. The received signal quality of this interference signal should be less than or equal to the first threshold, meaning the interference between different node sets is less than or equal to the first threshold.

[0188] Still with Figure 8 Taking the illustrated topology as an example, nodes 13 and 7 belong to different node sets. Referring to the aforementioned embodiment, during the generation of the first topology, node 1 can determine which nodes belong to a node set based on the degree of signal attenuation. Among the node sets determined based on the above principles, the signal attenuation is relatively strong between two nodes belonging to different node sets. For example, the interference (such as received signal power) in the communication connection between these two nodes can be less than or equal to a first threshold. Assume that the received signal power in the communication connection between two nodes can be less than a pre-set received signal power threshold. The lower the received signal power, the stronger the interference, which also means that the signal may not be correctly received, demodulated, or decoded. However, if these signals are interference signals, then the stronger the interference they receive, the less interference they cause to other signals. Therefore, based on the above method, during communication within each node set, interference from other node sets will be controlled within a certain range to ensure the accuracy of communication within each node set.

[0189] Of course, the above examples illustrate the case of node sets that do not have any common nodes. The same applies to node sets that may have some common nodes, such as node 13 and node 1; this will not be elaborated further in the embodiments of this application.

[0190] In other embodiments, the received signal quality of a communication connection between any two nodes belonging to the same node set can be greater than or equal to a second threshold. Referring to the aforementioned embodiment, during the generation of the first topology, node 1 can determine which nodes belong to a node set based on the degree of signal attenuation. Among the node sets determined based on the above principles, the signal attenuation between nodes belonging to the same node set is usually relatively small. That is, the external interference affecting the signals transmitted between nodes within a node set is relatively small, and the received signal quality of communication between these nodes can be considered generally good. Of course, this also considers the noise that may exist within each node itself and the noise caused by mutual interference between nodes within the node set. Therefore, to ensure that each node within the node set can correctly receive the signals transmitted by the transmitting node at the other end, such as correctly demodulating the corresponding data, the received signal quality of a communication connection between any two nodes in the same node set can be greater than or equal to a second threshold. For example, in this embodiment, the received signal quality of a communication connection between any two nodes can include one or more of any possible received signal qualities such as SNR, SINR, block error rate, and bit error rate.

[0191] In this embodiment of the application, the quality of the received signal of the communication connection between nodes within the same node set is greater than or equal to a second threshold, so as to ensure that the signal frames sent between nodes within the node set can be correctly demodulated and decoded, and to ensure the communication success rate.

[0192] In some embodiments, the first topology determined by the first node can be applied to uplink communication. Alternatively, the first topology determined by the first node can be applied to downlink communication. Or, the first topology determined by the first node can be applied to both uplink and downlink communication. Accordingly, the set of nodes in the first topology can be applied to uplink communication, or to downlink communication, or to both uplink and downlink communication simultaneously.

[0193] In the communication method provided in this application embodiment, in the process of determining the first topology, the first node, in addition to determining the partitioning method of each node set, can also configure the transmission power of the second node to better avoid communication interference between node sets and ensure that the communication of each node within the node set can be correctly received and demodulated. For example, the method may further include: the first node sending a fourth signal frame to the second node. Correspondingly, the second node receives the fourth signal frame from the first node. For example, the fourth signal frame can be used to adjust the transmission power of the second node. For example, the fourth signal frame can be a management message frame, such as the fourth signal frame can be implemented by an SOF frame, which is not limited in this application embodiment. The fourth signal frame mentioned in subsequent embodiments is described using a management message frame as an example, but in other examples, the fourth signal frame can also be a selective acknowledgment (SACK) frame, which is not limited in this application embodiment.

[0194] In some examples, upon receiving a third signal frame, the first node can determine the received signal quality of the communication connection between any two nodes out of N nodes. Therefore, when configuring (or generating) the first topology, the first node can also determine the appropriate transmission power for the second node based on the quality of each received signal. This ensures that the second node can communicate normally with other nodes within its node set while avoiding interference with nodes in other node sets. For example, the transmission power of the second node can be appropriately increased or decreased.

[0195] For example, if the first node determines that the quality of the third received signal in the aforementioned example can be further improved, then the transmission power of the second node can be increased; conversely, if the first node determines that the quality of the third received signal can be reduced to avoid the second node's transmission power being too high and interfering with other nodes in the node set, then the transmission power of the second node can be reduced. Of course, the above is only an exemplary description. The specific triggering conditions for the first node to adjust the transmission power of the second node, as well as whether there is an adjustment range and the magnitude of the adjustment, can be configured according to the actual situation, and this application embodiment does not limit this.

[0196] In this embodiment, the first node can also dynamically adjust the transmission power of each second node, thereby better avoiding interference between the node sets and improving communication efficiency.

[0197] The following sections will describe how the first node indicates the transmission power of the second node in several ways.

[0198] Method 1:

[0199] In some examples, the fourth signal frame can indicate the first transmit power of the second node. This first transmit power can be considered as the transmit power adjusted by the first node for the second node. For example, the first node can directly indicate the transmit power that the second node should use, i.e., the first transmit power.

[0200] The embodiments of this application can directly indicate the transmission power applicable to the second node, so that the second node can use the transmission power to send signal frames in subsequent communication processes, thereby ensuring the communication success rate and reducing interference to other node sets.

[0201] Method 2:

[0202] In some examples, the fourth signal frame can indicate the first parameter. For instance, this first parameter can be used to adjust the second transmission power of the second node to the first transmission power. The second transmission power can be considered the transmission power of the second node before adjustment, and the second node can be a third signal frame transmitted to the first node using the second transmission power. For example, the second transmission power can be the initial transmission power (or default transmission power) of the second node.

[0203] For example, the first parameter could indicate the amount of power change, so that the second node can adjust the second transmit power based on the change to determine the first transmit power. In this case, the first node could determine the first parameter based on the quality of each first received signal (such as including the quality of the second received signal and the quality of the third received signal).

[0204] In some examples, the first parameter may also be referred to as a power adjustment parameter, a power change parameter, a power change amount, etc., and the embodiments of this application do not limit it.

[0205] In this embodiment, the second node can be informed of the appropriate transmission power by indicating the power adjustment parameter, so that the second node can use the transmission power to send signal frames in subsequent communication, thereby ensuring communication success rate and reducing interference to other node sets.

[0206] Method 3:

[0207] In some examples, the fourth signal frame can be used to indicate a second parameter. This second parameter can then indicate a first condition. For instance, the first condition could be related to the transmit power of a communication connection between any two nodes out of the N nodes. Alternatively, the first condition could be related to the receive power of a communication connection between any two nodes out of the N nodes.

[0208] For example, the first condition could be a power constraint on the communication connection between any two nodes out of N nodes. This could include an upper limit constraint on the power transmission between any two nodes; a lower limit constraint; or both upper and lower limits (or a range) of the power transmission between any two nodes.

[0209] For example, the first condition could be a constraint on the received power of the communication connection between any two nodes out of N nodes. This could include a constraint on the upper limit of the received power between any two nodes; a constraint on the lower limit of the received power between any two nodes; or a constraint on both the upper and lower limits (or the range of received power) of the received power between any two nodes.

[0210] The aforementioned upper limit, lower limit, upper limit and / or lower limit of transmit power can each exist in one or more forms, and this application embodiment does not limit this. Taking the upper limit of transmit power as an example, satisfying upper limit 1 of transmit power may not guarantee the required received signal quality within the node set. Therefore, the node used for power adjustment can choose to satisfy upper limit 2 of transmit power, thus ensuring both the interference requirements between node sets and the communication requirements within the node set. Of course, the above is only an exemplary description, and the specific number of upper limit, lower limit of transmit power, upper limit and / or lower limit of receive power can be adaptively adjusted according to actual conditions, and this application embodiment does not limit this.

[0211] It can be assumed that the first node can inform all nodes of the corresponding constraints through the fourth signal frame. However, this does not necessarily mean that each node will trigger a power adjustment. Each node can adjust its power at an appropriate time based on the actual situation, but the relevant constraints of the first condition must be met during the power adjustment process. For example, power adjustment can be achieved through data frames such as heartbeat frames or beacon frames in a certain communication.

[0212] In Method 3, power control of the communication connection between any two nodes can be understood as the power control of the transmitting node by the receiving node in the communication connection between these two nodes. For example, the receiving node can be considered as the node that receives signal frames in the aforementioned inter-node communication connection, and the transmitting node can be considered as the node that transmits signal frames in the aforementioned inter-node communication connection. For example, the receiving node determines that the transmitting node transmits at a certain transmission power, such as a preset minimum transmission power.

[0213] The embodiments of this application can also reduce network overhead and improve communication efficiency by instructing other nodes to adjust the power of the peer transmitting node of this node.

[0214] For methods 1-3 above, the first node can flexibly adjust the transmission power of N nodes to ensure that other nodes in the node set can accurately send signals to the first node.

[0215] In some embodiments, the node performing power adjustment (or power control) according to method 1 and / or method 2 described above can be a CCO, a PCO, or the head node of a set of nodes. According to method 3 described above, the receiving node can perform power adjustment (or power control) on the transmitting node from any two nodes.

[0216] It's clear that the advantage of using method 1 and / or method 2 for power adjustment (or power control) lies in the fact that the executing node has a relatively global perspective. It can know the received signal quality and power of multiple communication connections. For example, it can determine the quality of communication connections within a node set, ensuring that each node in the set can receive signals correctly. Furthermore, it can determine the interference between different node sets to ensure that interference outside the node sets is controllable.

[0217] Method 3 has the advantage of a relatively simple processing flow and low signaling overhead.

[0218] In other examples, the power adjustments described above could be applied to different links. Let's continue with... Figure 8 Taking the illustrated topology as an example, assume that node 13 determines that node 4's transmission power is 134, and node 3 determines that node 4's transmission power is 34. Then, for different links, node 4 can determine to send signal frames to node 13 using transmission power 134, and node 4 can determine to send signal frames to node 3 using transmission power 34. That is, for a given node, there may be multiple other nodes configuring its transmission power. Therefore, this node can use different transmission powers to send signal frames based on different links.

[0219] In some embodiments, power adjustment similar to that of the first node can be implemented for the head node of each node set. For example, the head node of each node set can adjust the power of other nodes within that node set. In some examples, the head node of each node set can be the same node as those in other node sets. For example... Figure 8 Node 4 can be the head node of node set 2, node 5 can be the head node of node set 3, and node 6 can be the head node of node set 4. The specific implementation process is similar to the way the first node adjusts its power, and will not be described again in the embodiments of this application.

[0220] In the communication method provided in this application embodiment, it is considered that although the first node can adjust the power of the second node to reduce signal interference caused by the second node to other node sets, however... Figure 8 Taking node 7 as an example, its signal may still be transmitted to one or more nodes in node set 2, such as node 4. Suppose node 4 also receives a signal from node 13 in the same node set. Then node 4 may still fail to correctly receive the signal sent by node 13. (See reference...) Figure 11 As shown, assuming node 4 first receives the signal frame sent by node 7, and node 4, upon confirming receipt of the preamble (or preamble code), demodulates the signal frame. The signal frame sent by node 13 to node 4 may arrive while node 4 is demodulating the signal frame from node 7. Then, by the time node 4 has finished demodulating the signal frame from node 7 and determined that the signal frame might not be intended for itself (i.e., node 4), the preamble portion of the signal frame sent by node 13 has already been transmitted, and node 4 has failed to receive the preamble portion of the signal frame sent by node 13. Therefore, node 4 cannot demodulate the signal frame from node 13, meaning the signal frame has essentially failed to be transmitted to node 4, thus affecting communication efficiency.

[0221] Therefore, embodiments of this application may consider using different preambles for each node set, so that each node set can more accurately distinguish which signals belong to its own node set for demodulation, and which signals do not belong to its own node set and can be ignored.

[0222] For example, different sets of nodes can use different preambles that are orthogonal to each other, such as what is called the first preamble. (See reference) Figure 10 The structure of the signal frames shown, whether it's the fifth signal frame or a SOF frame that might be sent during CSMA contention, each signal frame has a preamble (i.e., a first preamble). Therefore, all nodes within a node set can use the same first preamble. The first preambles of different node sets can be orthogonal to each other, such as inter-code orthogonality. In this way, nodes within each node set can correctly detect signals belonging to their own node set. Signals from other node sets can be identified and ignored using the first preamble.

[0223] by Figure 8Taking the illustrated topology as an example, if the signal frames sent between nodes 4, 3, and 13 in node set 2 use the first preamble 1, and nodes 6, 7, 8, and 9 in node set 4 use the first preamble 2 for communication, then node 4 can determine that the signal frame containing the first preamble 1 was sent by a node in node set 2 by confirming that it received the first preamble 1. Therefore, node 4 demodulates this signal frame. If node 4 determines that it received the first preamble 2, then node 4 can determine that the signal frame containing the first preamble 2 was not sent by a node in node set 2. Therefore, node 4 can ignore this signal frame. This avoids the situation where node 4 demodulates irrelevant signal frames, causing a signal frame that should have been received to be undemodulated.

[0224] This application embodiment avoids conflicts caused by nodes detecting and processing irrelevant signal frames (such as signal frames from other node sets) by using mutually orthogonal first preambles for different node sets. This prevents nodes from detecting and processing signal frames sent to them by other nodes within their own set, thus improving the overall network communication efficiency.

[0225] The present application also provides examples of forming a first topology more suitable for uplink communication and examples of forming a first topology more suitable for downlink communication.

[0226] Forming a first topology more suitable for uplink communication:

[0227] In some embodiments, the sink node in the physical topology can be used as the head node in the set of nodes suitable for uplink communication. Here, the sink node can be considered as a node connected to multiple nodes and communicating with higher-level nodes. (See reference...) Figure 8 As shown, nodes 4, 5, and 6 can be aggregation nodes, and nodes 4, 5, and 6 can each serve as the head nodes of different node sets.

[0228] For example, between head nodes at the same level, signal attenuation can be greater than or equal to a certain signal attenuation threshold, or the signal strength of the communication connection between head nodes can be less than or equal to a signal strength threshold. This ensures that the signal attenuation between head nodes does not cause serious interference to the head nodes themselves. Then, for other nodes in the same node set as the head node, the signal attenuation between them is even greater, correspondingly causing less signal interference between nodes in different node sets. Parallel communication between these node sets can be considered. For example, they can form a parallel communication set.

[0229] Taking node set 2, where node 4 is located, as an example, nodes 13 and 3 can send signal frames to node 4 to probe the quality of the received signal. Node 4 can determine the received signal quality of the signal frames sent by node 13 and node 3. Node 4 can determine the appropriate transmission power for nodes 13 and 3 to ensure that the signals sent by nodes 13 and 3 can be accurately received by node 4, while these signals will not interfere with nodes in other node sets (such as nodes 7 and 11). Node 4 can adjust the transmission power of node 13 and node 3 through the fourth signal frame. This forms node set 2, which includes nodes 4, 3, and 13.

[0230] In some examples, nodes 13 and 3 may transmit the signal frame using a pre-set transmission power (such as the default transmission power) when transmitting the signal frame used to probe the quality of the received signal.

[0231] Similarly, nodes 5 and 6 can follow similar steps to node 4, resulting in node set 3 and node set 4. Nodes within each node set can communicate with each other using a competition mechanism. The interference caused by signals within each node to other node sets is negligible and can be considered controllable. Furthermore, nodes within each node set can be considered mutually visible.

[0232] In some examples, node 1 can perform steps similar to those of node 4 to form node set 1. For instance, the operations described in node 4 can be repeated until the first node generates the corresponding node set (such as node set 1), thus obtaining a first topology suitable for uplink communication.

[0233] In some examples, it is assumed Figure 8 If the signal attenuation between nodes 5 and 6 is relatively small, then either node 5 or node 6 can be used as the head node to generate the corresponding node set. For example... Figure 12 The node set 4 shown is illustrated with node 5 as the head node. Nodes 6 to 12 are all connected to node 5.

[0234] Forming a first topology more suitable for downlink communication:

[0235] In some examples, a first node may determine an reachable range and broadcast a sixth signal frame to that range. A second node receiving this sixth signal frame may send a signal frame to the first node to probe the quality of the received signal, allowing the first node to determine the quality of the received signal in the communication connection between the second node and the first node. The first node may adjust the transmission power of each second node via a fourth signal frame. In some cases, the first node may also adjust the reachable range so that more or fewer second nodes form a node set with the first node.

[0236] Accordingly, after the first node has determined the set of nodes including itself, the sink node located at the edge of that set can repeat the operation of the first node. (See reference) Figure 13 As shown, the first node can be node 1. After node set 5 is determined, the converging nodes located at the edge of node set 1, such as node 5 and node 6, can perform the same operation as node 1 to form node set 6 and node set 7.

[0237] In some embodiments, if the first topology described above distinguishes between uplink and downlink, then correspondingly, the concurrent communication set in the aforementioned example can also distinguish between uplink and downlink. For example, different LIDs can be used to distinguish whether a time slot is used for a set of nodes for uplink parallel communication or for a set of nodes for downlink parallel communication. The specific implementation methods are similar, and will not be described again in the embodiments of this application.

[0238] It is understood that each of the above embodiments of this application can be implemented independently or in combination with each other; there is no absolute subordinate relationship between the embodiments, and they can be combined with each other under any conditions to obtain the corresponding effect.

[0239] It is understood that, in order to achieve the functions in the above embodiments, the first node and / or the second node include hardware structures and / or software modules corresponding to the execution of each function. Those skilled in the art should readily recognize that, based on the units and method steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed in this application, this application can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed in hardware or by computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application scenario and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0240] Figure 14 and Figure 15 The diagram illustrates possible communication devices provided for embodiments of this application. These communication devices can be used to implement the functions of each node in the above method embodiments, and thus also achieve the beneficial effects of the above method embodiments. In the embodiments of this application, the communication device can be any of the nodes mentioned above, and the communication device can also be a module (such as a chip) of a node.

[0241] In this embodiment, the device for implementing the function of the first node can be a CCO, PCO, or STA, or it can be a device capable of supporting the first node in implementing the function, such as a chip system. This device can be installed in the first node or used in conjunction with the first node. The device for implementing the function of the second node can be a PCO or STA, or it can be a device capable of supporting the second node in implementing the function, such as a chip system. This device can be installed in the second node or used in conjunction with the second node.

[0242] In this embodiment of the application, the chip system may be composed of chips, or it may include chips and other discrete devices.

[0243] like Figure 14 As shown, the communication device 1400 includes a processing unit 1410 and a transceiver unit 1420. The communication device 1400 is used to implement the above-mentioned... Figure 7 The methods shown in the embodiment have the functions of the first node and the second node.

[0244] When the communication device 1400 is used to implement Figure 7 In the method embodiment shown, the first node functions as follows: processing unit 1410 is used to determine the first signal frame. Transceiver unit 1420 is used to send the first information frame.

[0245] When the communication device 1400 is used to implement Figure 7 In the method embodiment shown, the function of the second node is as follows: the transceiver unit 1420 is used to receive the first signal frame. The processing unit 1410 is used to communicate within the first node set according to the first signal frame using a contention mechanism.

[0246] For a more detailed description of the processing unit 1410 and the transceiver unit 1420, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 7 The following is a description of the method embodiments shown.

[0247] like Figure 15 As shown, the communication device 1500 includes a processor 1510 and an interface circuit 1520. The processor 1510 and the interface circuit 1520 are coupled to each other. It is understood that the interface circuit 1520 can be a transceiver or an input / output interface. Optionally, the communication device 1500 may also include a memory 1530 for storing instructions executed by the processor 1510, or storing input data required for the processor 1510 to execute instructions, or storing data generated after the processor 1510 executes instructions. Sometimes, the interface circuit 1520 can also be understood as part of the processor 1510, in which case the communication device 1500 includes the processor 1510.

[0248] When the communication device 1500 is used to achieve Figure 7In the method shown, the processor 1510 is used to implement the functions of the processing unit 1410, and the interface circuit 1520 is used to implement the functions of the transceiver unit 1420.

[0249] When the aforementioned communication device is a chip applied to the first node, the first node chip implements the functions of the first node in the above method embodiments. The first node receiving information from the second node can be understood as the information being first received by other modules (such as an RF module or antenna) within the first node, and then sent to the first node chip by these modules. The first node chip sending information to the second node can be understood as the information being forwarded to other modules (such as an RF module or antenna) within the second node, and then sent back to the second node by these modules.

[0250] When the aforementioned communication device is a chip applied to the second node, the second node chip implements the functions of the second node in the above method embodiments. The second node chip receives information from the first node, which can be understood as the information being first received by other modules (such as an RF module or antenna) in the second node, and then sent to the second node chip by these modules. The second node chip sends information to the first node, which can be understood as the information being sent down to other modules (such as an RF module or antenna) in the first node, and then sent back to the first node by these modules.

[0251] In this application, entity A sends information to entity B, either directly or indirectly through other entities. Similarly, entity B receives information from entity A, either directly or indirectly through other entities. Entities A and B can be a first node or a second node, or modules within a first or second node. The sending and receiving of information can be an interaction between the first and second nodes; for example, an interaction between the first and second nodes themselves. It can also be an interaction between different modules within a device, such as an interaction between a first node chip and other modules of the first node, or an interaction between a second node chip and other modules within the second node.

[0252] It is understood that the processor in the embodiments of this application can be a central processing unit (CPU), or one or more of other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), microprocessor units (MPUs), microcontroller units (MCUs), graphics processing units (GPUs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), artificial intelligence processors (AI processors), or neural processing units (NPUs); or, the processor mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components (or parts), or any combination thereof. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc.

[0253] The method steps in the embodiments of this application can be implemented in hardware or in software instructions executable by a processor. The software instructions can consist of corresponding software modules, which can be stored in memory, such as volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory can be flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM). The volatile memory can be a cache or random access memory (RAM). For example, RAM can be used as an external cache. By way of example and not limitation, RAM includes a variety of forms, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous linked dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM). The memory can also be in registers, hard disks, portable hard disks, compact disc (CD) ROMs, or any other form of storage medium well known in the art.

[0254] It should be noted that when the processor is a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA, or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, or discrete hardware component, the memory (storage module) can be integrated into the processor. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor, enabling the processor to read information from and write information to the storage medium. The storage medium can also be a component of the processor. The processor and storage medium can reside in an ASIC. Furthermore, the ASIC can reside in a first node or a second node. The processor and storage medium can also exist as discrete components in a first node or a second node.

[0255] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved entirely or partially through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented entirely or partially in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer programs or instructions. When the computer program or instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are performed entirely or partially. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, a network device, a user equipment, or other programmable device. The computer program or instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transferred from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer program or instructions can be transferred from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired or wireless means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium, such as a floppy disk, hard disk, or magnetic tape; it can also be an optical medium, such as a digital video optical disc; or it can be a semiconductor medium, such as a solid-state drive. The computer-readable storage medium may be a volatile or non-volatile storage medium, or may include both types of storage media.

[0256] In the various embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specified or in case of logical conflict, the terminology and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other. Technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments based on their inherent logical relationships.

[0257] In this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. In the textual description of this application, the character " / " generally indicates an "or" relationship between the preceding and following related objects; in the formulas of this application, the character " / " indicates a "division" relationship between the preceding and following related objects. "Including at least one of A, B, and C" can mean: including A; including B; including C; including A and B; including A and C; including B and C; including A, B, and C.

[0258] It is understood that the various numerical designations used in the embodiments of this application are merely for descriptive convenience and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of this application. The order of the process numbers described above does not imply the order of execution; the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic.

[0259] The network architecture and business scenarios described in the embodiments of this application are for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of network architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0260] The terms "first" and "second," etc., used in the specification and drawings of the embodiments of this application are used to distinguish different objects or to distinguish different processing of the same object. The terms "first" and "second," etc., can distinguish identical or similar items with substantially the same function and effect. For example, "first device" and "second device" are merely to distinguish different devices and do not limit their order. Those skilled in the art will understand that the terms "first" and "second," etc., do not limit the quantity or execution order, and that "first" and "second," etc., do not necessarily imply that they are different.

[0261] Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, used in the description of the embodiments of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the steps or units listed, but may optionally include other steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0262] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design that is described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design. Specifically, the use of terms such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner to facilitate understanding.

[0263] It is understood that the term "embodiment" used throughout the specification means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic related to an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the embodiments of this application. Therefore, the various embodiments throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, these specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. It is understood that in the various embodiments of the embodiments of this application, the sequence number of each process does not imply the order of execution; the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0264] It is understood that in the embodiments of this application, "...when" and "if" both refer to the corresponding processing that will be carried out under certain objective circumstances, and are not limited to a time, nor do they require a judgment action during implementation, nor do they imply any other limitations.

[0265] It is understood that some optional features in the embodiments of this application can be implemented independently in certain scenarios without relying on other features, such as the current solution on which they are based, to solve the corresponding technical problems and achieve the corresponding effects. Alternatively, they can be combined with other features as needed in certain scenarios. Correspondingly, the apparatus given in the embodiments of this application can also implement these features or functions, which will not be elaborated here.

[0266] In the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specified, the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. In the various embodiments of this application, and in the various implementation methods / methods / implementations within each embodiment, unless otherwise specified or logically conflicting, the terminology and / or descriptions between different embodiments and between the various implementation methods / methods / implementations within each embodiment are consistent and can be mutually referenced. The technical features in different embodiments and the various implementation methods / methods / implementations within each embodiment can be combined to form new embodiments, implementation methods, methods, or implementation approaches based on their inherent logical relationships. The following descriptions of the embodiments of this application do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, The method is applied to the first node, and the method includes: A first signal frame is determined, the first signal frame being used to indicate at least one set of nodes in parallel communication, wherein the set of nodes includes multiple nodes, and the nodes in any set of nodes in parallel communication communicate with each other using a contention mechanism; Send the first signal frame.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: A second signal frame is determined, the second signal frame being used to indicate a time slot corresponding to at least one set of nodes in the parallel communication; Send the second signal frame.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, At least one set of nodes in the parallel communication belongs to the same set of parallel communication nodes.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The nodes included in each set of nodes in the parallel communication are either completely different or partially the same.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive multiple third signal frames, wherein the third signal frames are used to indicate the first received signal quality, the first received signal quality being the received signal quality of a communication connection between any two nodes out of N nodes, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; The first topology is determined based on the quality of multiple first received signals, and the first topology includes the at least one set of nodes.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The interference between the sets of nodes in the first topology is less than or equal to the first threshold.

7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The nodes in different sets of nodes may be partially the same or completely different.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The method further includes: A fourth signal frame is sent, wherein the fourth signal frame is used to adjust the transmission power of the second node.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The fourth signal frame is used to indicate the first transmission power of the second node.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The fourth signal frame is used to indicate a first parameter, wherein the first parameter is used to adjust the second transmission power of the second node to the first transmission power.

11. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The fourth signal frame is used to indicate a second parameter, the second parameter being used to indicate a first condition, wherein the first condition is related to at least one of the following: The transmission power of the communication connection between any two nodes in N nodes; or, The received power of the communication connection between any two nodes among the N nodes.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that, The signal frames communicated within different sets of nodes include different first preambles, and the different first preambles are orthogonal to each other.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1-12, characterized in that, The competition mechanism includes Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA).

14. A communication method, characterized in that, The method is applied to the second node, and the method includes: Receive a first signal frame, the first signal frame being used to indicate at least one set of nodes in parallel communication, wherein the set of nodes includes multiple nodes, and the nodes in any set of nodes in parallel communication communicate with each other using a contention mechanism; Based on the first signal frame, communication is performed within the first node set using the competition mechanism, wherein the first node set belongs to at least one of the node sets in the parallel communication.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive a second signal frame, which is used to indicate the time slot corresponding to the parallel communication set.

16. The method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that, At least one set of nodes in the parallel communication belongs to the same set of parallel communication nodes.

17. The method according to any one of claims 14-16, characterized in that, The nodes included in each set of nodes in the parallel communication are either completely different or partially the same.

18. The method according to any one of claims 14-17, characterized in that, The method further includes: A third signal frame is sent, wherein the third signal frame is used to indicate a first received signal quality, the first received signal quality being the received signal quality of a communication connection between any two nodes among N nodes, the N nodes corresponding to a first topology, the first topology including at least one set of the nodes, and N being a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that, The interference between the sets of nodes in the first topology is less than or equal to the first threshold.

20. The method according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that, The nodes in different sets of nodes may be partially the same or completely different.

21. The method according to any one of claims 14-20, characterized in that, The method further includes: A fourth signal frame is received, wherein the fourth signal frame is used to adjust the transmission power of the second node.

22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that, The fourth signal frame is used to indicate the first transmission power of the second node.

23. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that, The fourth signal frame is used to indicate a first parameter, wherein the first parameter is used to adjust the second transmission power of the second node to the first transmission power.

24. The method according to any one of claims 14-23, characterized in that, The signal frames communicated within different sets of nodes include different first preambles, and the different first preambles are orthogonal to each other.

25. The method according to any one of claims 14-24, characterized in that, The competition mechanism includes Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA).

26. A communication device, characterized in that, Includes a module for performing the method according to any one of claims 1-25.

27. A communication device, characterized in that, The device includes a processor and an interface circuit, wherein the interface circuit is used to receive signals from other communication devices and transmit them to the processor or to send signals from the processor to other communication devices, and the processor is used to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1-25 through logic circuits and / or executing code instructions.

28. A communication system, characterized in that, The system includes a first node that performs the method as described in any one of claims 1-13, and a second node that performs the method as described in any one of claims 14-25.

29. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium stores a computer program or instructions, which, when executed by a communication device, implement the method as described in any one of claims 1-25.

30. A computer program product, comprising a computer program or instructions, characterized in that, When the computer program or instructions are executed by the communication device, they implement the method as described in any one of claims 1-25.

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