Satcom AI drone based on low-orbit broadband satellite control

Abstract

The application discloses a satellite communication AI unmanned plane based on low-orbit broadband satellite control and relates to the field of satellite communication unmanned planes. The satellite communication AI unmanned plane is configured to be based on low-orbit broadband satellite cooperation, is used for receiving super-long-distance control instructions relayed by a relay satellite, and performs a corresponding task of an unmanned flight terminal. The unmanned flight terminal comprises an unmanned plane main body, a satellite communication module, an AI task processing module, a task execution module and a flight control module. The satellite communication AI unmanned plane based on low-orbit broadband satellite control realizes super-long-distance control through low-orbit broadband satellite relay, does not depend on a ground public network, has the advantages of long communication distance, high link reliability, strong autonomous task capability and failure protection safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to satellite communication drone technology, specifically to a satellite communication AI drone based on low-orbit broadband satellite control. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of drone technology, drones have been widely used in many fields such as reconnaissance patrol, environmental monitoring, emergency rescue, forest fire prevention, and border patrol. Compared with manned aircraft, drones have significant advantages such as low cost, flexible deployment, and no risk of personnel casualties, and have become important equipment in the fields of aerial remote sensing and emergency response.

[0003] However, traditional drones primarily rely on ground-based remote control stations or public terrestrial networks (such as 4G / 5G, WiMAX, etc.) for control command transmission and data feedback. Their effective control distance is typically limited by the coverage of ground communication facilities, generally not exceeding tens of kilometers. In remote areas such as forests, deserts, oceans, plateaus, and border regions, ground communication networks are often completely absent or have extremely weak coverage, preventing drones from receiving control commands over long distances. Operators cannot intervene in real-time with distant drones, and flight data and images cannot be transmitted back to the command center. This problem severely restricts the application capabilities of drones in environments without public networks, especially for scenarios requiring cross-regional, beyond-line-of-sight, and long-endurance operations, where traditional drones struggle to meet mission requirements.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, some existing technologies attempt to extend the control range of drones using satellite communication. Satellite communication offers advantages such as wide coverage, lack of terrain limitations, and the ability to operate continuously across regions, making it an ideal technological approach for solving beyond-line-of-sight (BLOS) control of drones.

[0005] For example, CN121261777B discloses a UAV communication method and a UAV based on low-Earth orbit satellite communication. This method uses low-Earth orbit satellites to relay data between the UAV and a ground station, extending the control range of the UAV to some extent. CN121553411A discloses a multi-rotor UAV and its aircraft equipped with satellite communication equipment, integrating the satellite communication equipment into the UAV fuselage to achieve remote communication functionality.

[0006] Furthermore, existing technologies have included solutions for UAV relay communication using geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites. However, GEO satellites orbit at an altitude of approximately 36,000 kilometers, resulting in significant communication latency (typically greater than 500 ms) and high link loss, making it difficult to meet the requirements for real-time control and high-definition image transmission. In contrast, low-Earth orbit broadband satellite constellations (such as Starlink and OneWeb) offer advantages such as low orbital altitude (approximately 500-1500 kilometers), low communication latency (approximately 20-50 ms), high bandwidth, and global coverage, theoretically enabling ultra-long-distance real-time control of UAVs.

[0007] Although low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication offers the technological possibility for beyond-line-of-sight (BLOS) control of drones, existing LEO satellite-based drone communication solutions still have the following major drawbacks:

[0008] First, dynamic beam tracking capability is insufficient. Low-Earth orbit satellites move at high speeds relative to the ground, with an orbital speed of approximately 7 km / s. The visible window for a single satellite is typically only a few minutes to a dozen minutes. Simultaneously, UAVs themselves are in high-speed flight or maneuvering states during mission execution, with constantly changing flight attitudes. Under these dual dynamic conditions, satellite communication links are highly susceptible to interruption due to beam pointing deviations. Existing solutions mostly employ fixed pointing antennas or simple mechanical servo tracking, resulting in slow response speeds and low tracking accuracy. They struggle to maintain continuous link lock during high-speed maneuvering flight of UAVs, leading to frequent communication interruptions or a sharp drop in signal-to-noise ratio.

[0009] Second, there is a lack of link failure protection mechanisms. In situations such as satellite signal obstruction, satellite handover failure, or equipment malfunction, the communication link between the UAV and the ground station may suddenly fail. Existing UAVs lack effective link failure protection mechanisms. Once communication is interrupted, the UAV cannot receive ground control commands or transmit its own status, easily leading to risks of loss of control, loss, or crash. Some solutions simply set up hovering and waiting, without considering comprehensive protection strategies such as power adaptive link reconstruction and automatic return-to-home, making it difficult to guarantee the safety of the UAV in communication anomalies.

[0010] In summary, there is an urgent need to provide a satellite communication AI drone based on low-orbit broadband satellite control to solve the problems of insufficient dynamic beam tracking capability and lack of link failure protection mechanism in the existing technology, so as to achieve ultra-long distance, high reliability and intelligent unmanned flight operations. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The purpose of this invention is to provide a satellite communication AI drone based on low-orbit broadband satellite control, so as to solve the technical problems of insufficient dynamic beam tracking capability and lack of link failure protection mechanism in the existing drone technology.

[0012] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a satellite communication AI drone based on low-Earth orbit broadband satellite control, wherein the satellite communication AI drone is configured as an unmanned flight terminal based on low-Earth orbit broadband satellite cooperation, used to receive ultra-long-distance control commands relayed by relay satellites and execute corresponding tasks, the unmanned flight terminal comprising:

[0013] The main body of the drone is a multi-rotor or fixed-wing aircraft. Its fuselage is made of lightweight carbon fiber composite material, and it has a retractable landing gear on the belly and arms on both sides of the fuselage.

[0014] The satellite communication module, mounted on the main body of the UAV, is used to establish two-way data communication with the ground station;

[0015] The AI ​​task processing module is installed on the main body of the drone and connected to the satellite communication module. It is used to identify and analyze real-time images or videos collected by the drone and generate task execution instructions.

[0016] The task execution module is located on the main body of the drone and connected to the AI ​​task processing module. It is used to execute specific operation actions according to the task execution instructions generated by the AI ​​task processing module or the confirmation instructions forwarded via satellite link.

[0017] The flight control module is connected to the satellite communication module and the AI ​​task processing module, respectively, and is used to control the drone's flight according to the ultra-long-distance control command or the autonomous flight command generated by the AI ​​task processing module.

[0018] Furthermore, the satellite communication module is used to establish a two-way data link with the relay satellite, and an inter-satellite link is established between the relay satellite and the low-orbit broadband satellite. The low-orbit broadband satellite is used to communicate with the ground terminal. The control commands from the ground terminal are forwarded to the satellite communication module in sequence via the low-orbit broadband satellite, the inter-satellite link, and the relay satellite, enabling the UAV to complete ultra-long-distance mission control and status feedback without relying on the ground public network or ground base station.

[0019] Furthermore, the satellite communication module is a phased array antenna or parabolic antenna compatible with low-Earth orbit broadband satellite communication protocols, with a communication distance of ≥1500km, and is able to maintain link lock with low-Earth orbit broadband satellites while the UAV is flying at high speed.

[0020] Furthermore, the satellite communication module includes:

[0021] The phased array antenna is deployed on the top of the UAV body and consists of M×N antenna array elements. Each array element is equipped with an independent amplitude and phase control chip.

[0022] The signal tracking unit has a built-in satellite ephemeris database and a real-time clock. It is used to calculate the antenna beam pointing angle based on the UAV's current GPS coordinates, attitude angle and satellite orbit parameters, and to make the beam align with the target satellite by adjusting the phase weight of each array element.

[0023] Among them, the Phase weights of each array element satisfy:

[0024]

[0025] In the formula, λ is the carrier wavelength. , θ represents the element spacing, and φ represents the calculated beam pointing elevation angle and azimuth angle.

[0026] Furthermore, the signal tracking unit incorporates a conical scanning tracking algorithm: after initial alignment, the control beam performs a small-amplitude conical scan around the antenna's line of sight to detect the received signal strength in real time. The beam pointing is corrected by the changing gradient of the beam using the following iterative formula:

[0027] ;

[0028] in, Step size factor To receive the gradient of signal strength relative to the pointing angle, the beam is designed to follow the satellite's movement and the UAV's attitude changes in real time, maintaining link lock.

[0029] Furthermore, the flight control module has a built-in link failure protection algorithm, which performs the following steps:

[0030] Step 1: Monitor the link status flag LINK_STATUS output by the satellite communication module in real time. This flag is determined by the physical layer synchronization header lock status and the MAC layer signaling response timeout count.

[0031] Step 2: When LINK_STATUS = LOST for three consecutive monitoring cycles, the link is determined to be faulty. The flight control module records the current GPS coordinates, altitude, and heading, and starts the timer T_fail.

[0032] Step 3: Enter hovering mode, and simultaneously control the satellite communication module to send link reconstruction requests with increasing power. satisfy:

[0033]

[0034] in, The nominal transmission power, This is the power ramp-up factor. Maximum permissible transmission power;

[0035] Step 4: If If the link is restored, the original task will continue to be executed; if If the link is still not restored, the automatic return-to-home procedure is triggered. The flight control module reads the coordinates of the return-to-home point recorded before the failure and controls the UAV to return to the take-off and landing point along the original route.

[0036] Furthermore, the AI ​​task processing module includes a perception processing unit, a feature extraction unit, and a task generation unit. The perception processing unit is used to receive visible light image data or infrared thermal imaging data collected by the drone body; the feature extraction unit is used to perform target feature analysis on the image data and output target position parameters, spatial distribution parameters, and change parameters; the task generation unit is used to generate control commands corresponding to the target based on the parameters and send them to the task execution module.

[0037] Furthermore, the feature extraction unit is configured to perform multimodal fusion processing on visible light image data and infrared thermal imaging data to improve the stability and accuracy of target recognition under complex lighting or environmental conditions.

[0038] Furthermore, the task execution module is configured to drive the corresponding execution payload or actuator to complete predetermined actions according to control commands, and to feed back the execution status parameters to the AI ​​task processing module or transmit them back via the satellite communication module. The predetermined actions to be driven to the corresponding execution payload or actuator include: gimbal pitch / rotation, fire extinguishing grenade launching, material delivery, public address broadcasting, lighting switching, photo / video recording activation / deactivation, and robotic arm grasping or releasing.

[0039] Compared with existing technologies, this invention provides a satellite-controlled AI drone based on low-orbit broadband satellites. By integrating a satellite communication module, an AI task processing module, a task execution module, and a flight control module into the drone body, it constructs an ultra-long-range unmanned flight control closed-loop system that does not rely on terrestrial public networks or ground base stations. This system enables reliable reception of control commands and real-time transmission of flight data in remote environments without terrestrial communication network coverage, such as forests, deserts, oceans, and border areas. Specific technical effects also include the following:

[0040] 1. This invention, by deploying a phased array antenna composed of M×N antenna elements and configuring an independent amplitude and phase control chip, combined with a signal tracking unit with a built-in satellite ephemeris database and a conical scanning tracking algorithm, can calculate the antenna beam pointing angle in real time and dynamically adjust the phase weight of each element, so that the beam is always aligned with the target satellite during the high-speed flight of the UAV and the rapid movement of the satellite. This effectively solves the problem of frequent link interruption caused by insufficient dynamic beam tracking capability in the prior art, and significantly improves the stability and reliability of the satellite communication link.

[0041] 2. This invention, by incorporating a link failure protection algorithm into the flight control module and monitoring the link status flag in real time, automatically executes hovering, power incrementing link reconstruction, and automatic return-to-home procedures when a link failure is detected. Combined with the bidirectional data link of the satellite communication module and the autonomous decision-making capability of the AI ​​task processing module, it can ensure the safe return of the UAV in the event of communication anomalies. This effectively solves the risk of loss of control or crash caused by the lack of a link failure protection mechanism in the prior art, and realizes ultra-long-distance, highly reliable, and intelligent unmanned flight operations. Attached Figure Description

[0042] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the interaction between the low-Earth orbit broadband satellite, the relay satellite, and the main body of the UAV in this invention.

[0044] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the Weitong AI drone in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 This is a timing diagram of the Weitong AI drone in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 This is a timing diagram of phased array antenna tracking and link failure protection in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0047] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0048] 1. Low-Earth Orbit Broadband Satellite; 2. Relay Satellite; 3. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Main Body; 4. Satellite Communication Module; 5. AI Task Processing Module; 6. Task Execution Module; 7. Flight Control Module. Detailed Implementation

[0049] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0050] As attached Figure 1 To be continued Figure 3 As shown:

[0051] Example 1:

[0052] This invention provides a satellite communication AI drone controlled by a low-orbit broadband satellite 1. The satellite communication AI drone is configured to receive ultra-long-distance control commands relayed by a relay satellite 2 and execute corresponding tasks in cooperation with the low-orbit broadband satellite 1. The drone includes a drone body 3, a satellite communication module 4, an AI task processing module 5, a task execution module 6, and a flight control module 7.

[0053] 1. In one embodiment of the present invention, the main body 3 of the unmanned aerial vehicle is a multi-rotor aircraft or a fixed-wing aircraft, the fuselage is made of lightweight carbon fiber composite material, the belly is equipped with retractable landing gear, and the sides of the fuselage are equipped with arms.

[0054] 2. In one embodiment of the present invention, the satellite communication module 4 is disposed on the UAV body 3 and is used to establish two-way data communication with the ground end. Specifically, the satellite communication module 4 establishes a two-way data link with the relay satellite 2, and the relay satellite 2 establishes an inter-satellite link with the low-orbit broadband satellite 1. The low-orbit broadband satellite 1 is used to communicate with the ground end. The control commands from the ground end are forwarded to the satellite communication module 4 in sequence through the low-orbit broadband satellite 1, the inter-satellite link, and the relay satellite 2, so that the UAV body 3 can complete ultra-long-distance mission control and status feedback without relying on the ground public network or ground base station.

[0055] 3. In one embodiment of the present invention, the AI ​​task processing module 5 is disposed on the main body 3 of the UAV and connected to the satellite communication module 4, and is used to identify and analyze the real-time images or videos collected by the UAV and generate task execution instructions.

[0056] 4. In one embodiment of the present invention, the task execution module 6 is disposed on the main body 3 of the drone and connected to the AI ​​task processing module 5, and is used to execute specific operation actions according to the task execution instructions generated by the AI ​​task processing module 5 or the confirmation instructions forwarded via the satellite link.

[0057] 5. In one embodiment of the present invention, the flight control module 7 is connected to the satellite communication module 4 and the AI ​​task processing module 5 respectively, and is used to control the flight of the UAV according to the ultra-long distance control command or the autonomous flight command generated by the AI ​​task processing module 5.

[0058] 6. In one embodiment of the present invention, the satellite communication module 4 is a phased array antenna or parabolic antenna compatible with the communication protocol of the low-orbit broadband satellite 1, with a communication distance of ≥1500km, and is able to maintain link lock with the low-orbit broadband satellite 1 while the UAV is flying at high speed.

[0059] Working principle: In Example 1, by integrating the satellite communication module 4, AI task processing module 5, task execution module 6 and flight control module 7 into the main body of the UAV 3, an ultra-long-range unmanned flight control closed-loop system that does not rely on the ground public network or ground base station is constructed.

[0060] Specifically, long-distance control commands from the ground are sequentially relayed to the UAV's satellite communication module 4 via low-orbit broadband satellite 1, inter-satellite link, and relay satellite 2, enabling remote command injection. Real-time image data collected by the UAV is transmitted back to the ground via the same link, forming a complete two-way data channel. The AI ​​task processing module 5 identifies and analyzes the transmitted real-time images, autonomously generating task execution commands, which are then executed by the task execution module 6. Simultaneously, the flight control module 7 controls the UAV to complete the flight mission based on the received control commands or the AI-generated autonomous flight commands. Thus, Embodiment 1 solves the technical problem that UAVs cannot receive remote control commands in areas without ground communication network coverage (such as forests, deserts, oceans, and border areas), achieving long-distance, highly reliable unmanned flight operations.

[0061] As attached Figure 1 To be continued Figure 4 As shown:

[0062] Example 2:

[0063] This embodiment is basically the same as the previous embodiment, except that the satellite communication module 4 includes:

[0064] The phased array antenna is located on the top of the UAV body 3 and consists of M×N antenna array elements. Each array element is equipped with an independent amplitude and phase control chip.

[0065] The signal tracking unit has a built-in satellite ephemeris database and a real-time clock. It is used to calculate the antenna beam pointing angle based on the UAV's current GPS coordinates, attitude angle and satellite orbit parameters, and to make the beam align with the target satellite by adjusting the phase weight of each array element.

[0066] Among them, the Phase weights of each array element satisfy:

[0067]

[0068] In the formula, λ is the carrier wavelength. , θ represents the element spacing, and φ represents the calculated beam pointing elevation angle and azimuth angle.

[0069] 1. In one embodiment of the present invention, the signal tracking unit has a built-in conical scanning tracking algorithm: after the initial alignment is completed, the beam is controlled to perform a small-amplitude conical scan around the antenna line of sight to detect the received signal strength in real time. The beam pointing is corrected by the changing gradient of the beam using the following iterative formula:

[0070] ;

[0071] in, Step size factor To receive the gradient of signal strength relative to the pointing angle, the beam is designed to follow the satellite's movement and the UAV's attitude changes in real time, maintaining link lock.

[0072] 2. In one embodiment of the present invention, the flight control module 7 has a built-in link failure protection algorithm, which performs the following steps:

[0073] Step 1: Monitor the link status flag LINK_STATUS output by satellite communication module 4 in real time. This flag is determined by the physical layer synchronization header lock status and the MAC layer signaling response timeout count.

[0074] Step 2: When LINK_STATUS = LOST for three consecutive monitoring cycles, the link is determined to be faulty. Flight control module 7 records the current GPS coordinates, altitude and heading, and starts timer T_fail.

[0075] Step 3: Enter hovering waiting mode, and simultaneously control satellite communication module 4 to send link reconstruction requests with increasing power. satisfy:

[0076]

[0077] in, The nominal transmission power, This is the power ramp-up factor. Maximum permissible transmission power;

[0078] Step 4: If If the link is restored, the original task will continue to be executed; if If the link is still not restored, the automatic return-to-home procedure is triggered. Flight control module 7 reads the coordinates of the return-to-home point recorded before the failure and controls the UAV to return to the take-off and landing point along the original route.

[0079] Working Principle: During high-speed flight of the UAV or rapid movement of the low-orbit broadband satellite 1, if the beam pointing of the phased array antenna cannot be aligned with the target satellite in real time, the communication link will experience frequent interruptions or a sharp drop in the signal-to-noise ratio, and in severe cases, even complete loss of lock, leading to UAV loss of control or mission failure. Therefore, Embodiment 2 further refines the design of the satellite communication module 4. By deploying a phased array antenna composed of M×N antenna elements and configuring an independent amplitude and phase control chip, combined with a signal tracking unit with a built-in satellite ephemeris database, the antenna beam pointing angle is calculated in real time and the phase weights of each element are adjusted to ensure that the beam is always aligned with the target satellite. At the same time, a conical scanning tracking algorithm is introduced, which iteratively corrects the beam pointing angle by detecting the gradient of the received signal strength RSSI, enabling the beam to follow the satellite's movement and the UAV's attitude changes in real time, maintaining link lock. In addition, the flight control module 7 has a built-in link failure protection algorithm. When a link failure is detected, it automatically executes protection measures such as hovering and waiting, power ramp-up to rebuild the link, and automatic return. Thus, Embodiment 2 solves the problem of satellite communication link stability in dynamic environments and significantly improves the mission reliability of the UAV.

[0080] Example 3:

[0081] This embodiment is basically the same as the previous embodiment, except that the AI ​​task processing module 5 includes a perception processing unit, a feature extraction unit, and a task generation unit. The perception processing unit is used to receive visible light image data or infrared thermal imaging data collected by the UAV body 3; the feature extraction unit is used to perform target feature analysis on the image data and output target position parameters, spatial distribution parameters, and change parameters; the task generation unit is used to generate control commands corresponding to the target based on the parameters and send them to the task execution module 6.

[0082] 1. In one embodiment of the present invention, the feature extraction unit is configured to perform multimodal fusion processing on visible light image data and infrared thermal imaging data to improve the stability and accuracy of target recognition under complex lighting or environmental conditions.

[0083] 2. In one embodiment of the present invention, the task execution module 6 is configured to drive the corresponding execution payload or execution mechanism to complete a predetermined action according to control instructions, and to feed back the execution status parameters to the AI ​​task processing module 5 or transmit them back via the satellite communication module 4. The predetermined actions to be driven to the corresponding execution payload or execution mechanism include: gimbal pitch / rotation, fire extinguishing grenade launching, material delivery, public address broadcasting, lighting switching, photo / video recording start / stop, and robotic arm grasping or releasing.

[0084] Working Principle: Embodiment 3 further expands the functional architecture of the AI ​​task processing module 5. By setting up a perception processing unit, a feature extraction unit, and a task generation unit, an end-to-end intelligent perception and decision-making link is constructed. The perception processing unit receives visible light image data or infrared thermal imaging data collected by the UAV body 3; the feature extraction unit performs target feature analysis on the image data and outputs target position parameters, spatial distribution parameters, and change parameters; the task generation unit generates control commands corresponding to the target based on the above parameters and sends them to the task execution module 6. Furthermore, the feature extraction unit adopts multimodal fusion processing technology to fuse visible light images and infrared thermal imaging data, significantly improving the stability and accuracy of target recognition under complex lighting or environmental conditions. The task execution module 6 drives the corresponding execution payload or execution mechanism to complete the predetermined action according to the control command and feeds back the execution status parameters to the AI ​​task processing module 5 or transmits them back via the satellite communication module 4. Thus, Embodiment 3 realizes a leap in the UAV's ability from passive remote control to active intelligent perception and autonomous task execution.

[0085] In one application scenario of this invention, based on Embodiments 1, 2, and 3 above, a satellite communication AI drone is deployed in a forest fire monitoring area. When a forest fire occurs, the ground command center sends ultra-long-distance patrol commands to the drone via a link between a low-orbit broadband satellite 1 and a relay satellite 2. During flight, the satellite communication module 4 maintains a real-time link lock with the relay satellite 2 using a phased array antenna and a conical scanning tracking algorithm, ensuring stable bidirectional transmission of control commands and data images. The AI ​​task processing module 5 receives visible light images and infrared thermal imaging data collected by the drone, identifies the fire source location, fire range, and development trend through multi-modal fusion processing, and autonomously generates fire extinguishing task commands. The task execution module 6 drives the corresponding execution payload according to the commands, such as adjusting the gimbal pitch angle to lock the fire point, launching fire extinguishing bombs, or controlling the delivery mechanism to release fire extinguishing agents to complete the fire extinguishing operation, while simultaneously transmitting the execution status parameters back to the ground command center via the satellite communication module 4. The flight control module 7 adjusts the UAV's trajectory, altitude, and attitude in real time based on the autonomous flight commands generated by the AI ​​task processing module 5 or the confirmation commands relayed from the ground via the satellite link, ensuring precise and efficient firefighting operations. If a satellite communication link failure is detected during firefighting, the link failure protection algorithm is automatically activated, controlling the UAV to hover and wait, attempting to rebuild the link with increasing power. If the link cannot be restored within the time limit, an automatic return-to-home procedure is triggered, returning the UAV to the original take-off and landing point along the original route to ensure equipment safety.

[0086] Through the collaborative work of the above embodiments, the Weitong AI drone has achieved ultra-long-distance and highly reliable fire monitoring and autonomous fire extinguishing operations in remote forest areas without ground communication networks or power supply, significantly improving the response speed and emergency response capabilities for forest fire prevention.

[0087] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A satellite communication AI drone controlled by a low-orbit broadband satellite (1), the satellite communication AI drone being configured to receive ultra-long-distance control commands relayed by a relay satellite (2) and execute corresponding tasks via low-orbit broadband satellite (1) collaboration, characterized in that, The unmanned aerial terminal includes: The main body of the drone (3) is a multi-rotor aircraft or a fixed-wing aircraft. Its fuselage is made of lightweight carbon fiber composite material, and its belly is equipped with retractable landing gear. Arms are arranged on both sides of the fuselage. The satellite communication module (4) is installed on the main body (3) of the UAV and is used to establish two-way data communication with the ground. The AI ​​task processing module (5) is set on the main body of the UAV (3) and connected to the satellite communication module (4). It is used to identify and analyze the real-time images or videos collected by the UAV and generate task execution instructions. The task execution module (6) is set on the main body of the UAV (3) and connected to the AI ​​task processing module (5). It is used to execute specific operation actions according to the task execution instructions generated by the AI ​​task processing module (5) or the confirmation instructions forwarded via the satellite link. The flight control module (7) is connected to the satellite communication module (4) and the AI ​​task processing module (5) respectively, and is used to control the flight of the UAV according to the ultra-long distance control command or the autonomous flight command generated by the AI ​​task processing module (5).

2. The satellite communication AI UAV controlled by a low-orbit broadband satellite (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The satellite communication module (4) is used to establish a two-way data link with the relay satellite (2). The relay satellite (2) establishes an inter-satellite link with the low-orbit broadband satellite (1). The low-orbit broadband satellite (1) is used to communicate with the ground end. The control commands from the ground end are forwarded to the satellite communication module (4) in sequence through the low-orbit broadband satellite (1), the inter-satellite link, and the relay satellite (2).

3. The satellite communication AI drone controlled by a low-orbit broadband satellite (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that, The satellite communication module (4) is a phased array antenna or parabolic antenna compatible with the communication protocol of low-orbit broadband satellite (1), with a communication distance ≥1500km.

4. The satellite communication AI UAV controlled by a low-orbit broadband satellite (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The satellite communication module (4) includes: The phased array antenna is installed on the top of the UAV body (3) and consists of M×N antenna array elements. Each array element is equipped with an independent amplitude and phase control chip. The signal tracking unit has a built-in satellite ephemeris database and a real-time clock. It is used to calculate the antenna beam pointing angle based on the UAV's current GPS coordinates, attitude angle and satellite orbit parameters, and to make the beam align with the target satellite by adjusting the phase weight of each array element. Among them, the Phase weights of each array element satisfy: In the formula, λ is the carrier wavelength. , θ represents the element spacing, and φ represents the calculated beam pointing elevation angle and azimuth angle.

5. A satellite communication AI drone controlled by a low-orbit broadband satellite (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that, The signal tracking unit incorporates a conical scanning tracking algorithm: after initial alignment, it controls the beam to perform a small-amplitude conical scan around the antenna's line of sight, and detects the received signal strength in real time. The beam pointing is corrected by the changing gradient of the beam using the following iterative formula: ; in, Step size factor To receive the gradient of signal strength relative to the pointing angle, the beam is designed to follow the satellite's movement and the UAV's attitude changes in real time, maintaining link lock.

6. The satellite communication AI UAV controlled by a low-orbit broadband satellite (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flight control module (7) has a built-in link failure protection algorithm, which performs the following steps: Step 1: Monitor the link status flag LINK_STATUS output by the satellite communication module (4) in real time. This flag is determined by the physical layer synchronization header lock status and the MAC layer signaling response timeout count. Step 2: When LINK_STATUS = LOST for three consecutive monitoring cycles, the link is determined to be faulty. The flight control module (7) records the current GPS coordinates, altitude and heading, and starts the timer T_fail. Step 3: Enter hovering waiting mode, and simultaneously control the satellite communication module (4) to send a link reconstruction request with increasing power. satisfy: in, The nominal transmission power, This is the power ramp-up factor. Maximum permissible transmission power; Step 4: If If the link is restored, the original task will continue to be executed; if If the link is still not restored, the automatic return-to-home procedure is triggered. The flight control module (7) reads the coordinates of the return-to-home point recorded before the failure and controls the UAV to return to the take-off and landing point along the original route.

7. A satellite communication AI drone controlled by a low-orbit broadband satellite (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The AI ​​task processing module (5) includes a perception processing unit, a feature extraction unit, and a task generation unit. The perception processing unit is used to receive visible light image data or infrared thermal imaging data collected by the main body of the UAV (3). The feature extraction unit is used to perform target feature analysis on the image data and output target position parameters, spatial distribution parameters, and change parameters. The task generation unit is used to generate control commands corresponding to the target based on the parameters and send them to the task execution module (6).

8. A satellite communication AI drone controlled by a low-orbit broadband satellite (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The task execution module (6) is configured to drive the corresponding execution payload or execution mechanism to complete the predetermined action according to the control command, and to feed back the execution status parameters to the AI ​​task processing module (5) or transmit them back via the satellite communication module (4).

Images