Integrated column for flue gas pretreatment and carbon dioxide capture

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of smoke treatment, and is an integrated tower with smoke gas pretreatment and carbon dioxide capture functions, comprising a composite absorption tower, the composite absorption tower comprising a tower body, a washing section, an absorption section, a water washing section and a demisting section, a washing cylinder is arranged in the washing section, the washing cylinder comprises a straight cylinder section, a close-up section and a collecting section connected and communicated in sequence from top to bottom, the straight cylinder section is filled with first fillers, a first spray pipe for spraying washing liquid is arranged above the first fillers in the straight cylinder section, the middle section diameter of the close-up section is smaller than the upper end diameter, the peripheral wall of the close-up section is wavy around the close-up section in the circumferential direction, an air inlet pipe extending into the collecting section is arranged at the bottom of the tower body, and the outlet of the air inlet pipe is located below the close-up section. The present application can greatly reduce the friction of the device and the pipeline, reduce the energy consumption required by the smoke pressurization process and the CO2 capture unit consumption, and improve the cold and heat exchange efficiency of the smoke and the rich amine liquid outside the washing cylinder.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of flue gas treatment technology, and is an integrated tower device that combines flue gas pretreatment and carbon dioxide capture functions. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the mainstream technology for flue gas capture is chemical absorption, which relies on the chemical reaction between amine molecules and CO2 molecules in solution to selectively absorb CO2 from the gas source. The amine molecules react to form unstable salts, which simultaneously constitute a reversible reaction, decomposing and releasing CO2 under certain conditions, thus regenerating the amine absorbent and enriching the CO2. This technology is currently used in operating or under construction low-concentration, low-partial-pressure flue gas capture projects. However, it suffers from high system energy consumption, making it difficult to achieve economies of scale under existing carbon tax policies.

[0003] During flue gas capture, the flue gas temperature is typically high (around 100℃), far exceeding the optimal temperature for efficient CO2 absorption (approximately 40℃). Furthermore, the flue gas also contains SO2 and NO. x Dust and other impurities, if not removed, will reduce the efficiency of the absorbent (such as amine solution) and cause corrosion or scaling. Traditional CO2 capture processes generally separate flue gas pretreatment (cooling, dust removal, desulfurization, etc.) and CO2 absorption into different equipment.

[0004] The conventional approach involves adding a flue gas scrubbing tower or cooling tower before the absorption tower to cool and remove impurities from the flue gas; then the flue gas enters the CO2 absorption tower to complete CO2 absorption. However, this system requires multiple towers connected in series, resulting in a large footprint, high equipment investment and operation and maintenance costs, and high energy consumption.

[0005] Patent document CN120019854A discloses a multi-stage carbon dioxide capture and utilization method and apparatus. High-temperature flue gas containing CO2 enters an adsorption reactor and passes through an adsorption reactor equipped with a bifunctional catalyst. The CO2 in the flue gas is adsorbed and captured by the catalytic material in the catalyst bed. After decarbonization, the gas exits from the adsorption reactor and exchanges heat with the process gas from the self-conversion reactor in a heat exchanger. After heat exchange, it enters the next stage adsorption reactor. When the adsorption reactor reaches the saturated adsorption capacity of the adsorbent, the high-temperature flue gas containing CO2 switches to the first-stage conversion reactor. At this time, the reducing gas enters the adsorption reactor, and the syngas after conversion is sent out of the device.

[0006] However, the existing technologies described above employ a multi-stage series structure of adsorption reactors and conversion reactors, requiring heat exchangers, which increases the system's energy consumption and results in a complex system with a large footprint. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an integrated device to solve these problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention provides an integrated tower device that combines flue gas pretreatment and carbon dioxide capture functions, overcoming the shortcomings of the prior art. It can effectively solve the problems of existing carbon dioxide flue gas capture processes that require multiple tower devices to be connected in series, occupy a large space, have high equipment investment and operation and maintenance costs, and have high system energy consumption.

[0008] One of the technical solutions of this invention is achieved through the following measures: an integrated tower for flue gas pretreatment and carbon dioxide capture, comprising a composite absorption tower and a supporting device, wherein the composite absorption tower and the supporting device are fixedly connected by a transport pipeline. The composite absorption tower includes a tower body, within which a washing section, an absorption section, a water washing section, and a demisting section are arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The washing section, absorption section, water washing section, and demisting section are fixedly connected to each other. A washing cylinder is provided in the washing section, and an annular cavity is formed between the outer wall of the washing cylinder and the inner wall of the tower body. The washing cylinder includes a straight section, a constricting section, and a collection section connected sequentially from top to bottom. The straight section is filled with a first packing material, and a first spray pipe for spraying washing liquid is provided above the first packing material in the straight section. The peripheral wall of the constricting section is wavy around the constricting section. An air inlet pipe extending into the collection section is provided at the bottom of the tower body, and the outlet of the air inlet pipe is located below the constricting section.

[0009] The following are further optimizations and / or improvements to one of the above-mentioned technical solutions: The aforementioned converging section, from top to bottom, includes a first frustum and a second frustum that are larger at the top and smaller at the bottom, a third frustum and a fourth frustum that are smaller at the top and larger at the bottom. The first frustum, the second frustum, the third frustum and the fourth frustum are fixedly connected to each other in sequence, and the lower diameter of the third frustum is smaller than the upper diameter of the second frustum.

[0010] The horizontal cross-section of the aforementioned constriction section is star-shaped. The first inner angle protruding outward from the inside of the star is used to guide the flow of washing liquid, and the flue gas passes between the second inner angle concave inward from the inside of the star.

[0011] The aforementioned air intake pipe includes a fixed pipe fixed to the tower body and a movable pipe that can slide up and down relative to the fixed pipe. The movable pipe is sleeved outside the fixed pipe, and a float plate is installed outside the movable pipe.

[0012] The absorption section is filled with a second packing material. A second spray pipe is installed above the second packing material in the absorption section for spraying cooled amine liquid onto the second packing material. A first gas distributor is installed below the second packing material in the absorption section and is located above the washing section.

[0013] The aforementioned washing section is filled with a third packing material. Above the third packing material in the washing section is a third spray pipe for spraying cooling water or clean water onto the third packing material. Below the third packing material in the washing section is a second gas distributor, which is located above the second spray pipe.

[0014] The aforementioned demisting section is equipped with at least one first demister, and an air outlet is provided at the upper end of the tower body. The upper end of the straight section of the washing drum is equipped with at least one second demister.

[0015] The upper end of the aforementioned movable tube is provided with a top cover to prevent the washing liquid from entering the air inlet tube, and an air inlet is opened on the peripheral wall of the movable tube, which is located above the float plate.

[0016] The first, second, and third packings are respectively provided with a filter plate on the upper and lower sides to define the distribution area of ​​the first, second, and third packings. The bottom of the tower body is provided with a first discharge port and a second discharge port. The first discharge port is connected to the collection section, and the second discharge port is connected to the area between the tower body and the washing drum.

[0017] The aforementioned supporting equipment also includes a heat exchanger, with the cold side inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger fixedly connected to the rich amine liquid discharge pipeline, and the hot side inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger fixedly connected to the regenerated amine liquid return pipeline. A first delivery pump is fixedly installed on the washing liquid delivery pipeline, a second delivery pump is fixedly installed on the rich amine liquid discharge pipeline between the composite absorption tower and the heat exchanger, and a third delivery pump is fixedly installed on the regenerated amine liquid return pipeline between the amine liquid regeneration device and the heat exchanger.

[0018] This invention can significantly reduce friction in devices and pipelines, reduce energy consumption required for flue gas pressurization and CO2 capture, and improve the heat exchange efficiency between flue gas and the amine-rich liquid outside the scrubbing cylinder. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Appendix Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the composite absorption tower in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Appendix Figure 2 This is a front view of the overall structure of the integrated tower of the composite absorption tower in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Appendix Figure 3 Appendix to this invention Figure 2 Schematic diagram of cross section along the AA direction; Appendix Figure 4 Appendix to this invention Figure 3 Enlarged view of point W in the middle; Appendix Figure 5 Appendix to this invention Figure 3 Enlarged view of point X in the middle; Appendix Figure 6 Appendix to this invention Figure 3 Enlarged view of point Y in the middle; Appendix Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the composite absorption tower in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Appendix Figure 8 Appendix to this invention Figure 7 Enlarged view of point Z in the middle; Appendix Figure 9 Appendix to this invention Figure 2 Schematic diagram of cross section along the BB direction; Appendix Figure 10 This is a process flow diagram of the integrated tower that combines flue gas pretreatment and carbon dioxide capture functions in Embodiment 10 of the present invention.

[0020] The codes in the attached diagram are as follows: 1 for composite absorption tower, 2 for tower body, 3 for scrubbing cylinder, 4 for straight section, 5 for converging section, 6 for collection section, 7 for first spray pipe, 8 for second spray pipe, 9 for air inlet pipe, 10 for first frustum, 11 for second frustum, 12 for third frustum, 13 for fourth frustum, 14 for float plate, 15 for top cover, 16 for air inlet, 17 for first gas distributor, 18 for third spray pipe, 19 for second gas distributor, 20 for first demister, 21 for second demister, 22 for air outlet, 23 for... 24 is the filter plate, 25 is the first discharge port, 26 is the second discharge port, 27 is the induced draft fan, 28 is the amine liquid regeneration device, 29 is the washing water inlet pipeline, 30 is the washing water outlet pipeline, 31 is the flue gas inlet pipeline, 32 is the washing liquid conveying pipeline, 33 is the rich amine liquid discharge pipeline, 34 is the regenerated amine liquid return pipeline, 35 is the heat exchanger, 36 is the first conveying pump, 37 is the second conveying pump, 38 is the first packing, 39 is the second packing, 40 is the third packing, 41 is the first inner angle, and 42 is the second inner angle. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and the specific implementation can be determined according to the technical solution of the present invention and the actual situation.

[0022] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments: Example 1: As shown in the attached document Figures 1 to 10 As shown, this integrated tower for flue gas pretreatment and carbon dioxide capture includes a composite absorption tower 1 and supporting equipment. The composite absorption tower 1 and the supporting equipment are fixedly connected by a transport pipeline. The composite absorption tower 1 includes a tower body 2. From bottom to top, the tower body 2 is provided with a washing section, an absorption section, a water washing section, and a demisting section. The washing section, absorption section, water washing section, and demisting section are fixedly connected. A washing cylinder 3 is provided in the washing section. An annular cavity is formed between the outer wall of the washing cylinder 3 and the inner wall of the tower body 2. The washing cylinder 3 includes a straight section 4, a constricting section 5, and a collection section 6 connected from top to bottom. The straight section 4 is filled with a first packing material 38. A first spray pipe 7 for spraying washing liquid is provided above the first packing material 38 in the straight section 4. The peripheral wall of the constricting section 5 is wavy around the constricting section 5. An air inlet pipe 9 extending into the collection section 6 is provided at the bottom of the tower body 2. The outlet of the air inlet pipe 9 is located below the constricting section 5.

[0023] In this invention, gas enters through the inlet pipe 9, passes through the constriction section 5 into the straight section 4, is washed and cooled as it passes through the first packing 38, and then enters the absorption section. The absorption section sprays cooled amine liquid onto the gas, which absorbs CO2 in the gas to generate a CO2-rich amine liquid. The rich amine liquid flows out from the annular cavity between the washing cylinder 3 and the tower body 2, and exchanges heat with the gas and / or washing liquid inside the washing cylinder 3. The water washing section introduces cooling water or clean water to wash the gas leaving the absorption section. The demisting section is used to remove water mist carried out by the gas leaving the water washing section.

[0024] Example 2: As an optimization of the above examples, as shown in the appendix Figure 6 As shown, the converging section 5 includes, from top to bottom, a first frustum 10 (larger at the top) and a second frustum 11 (smaller at the bottom), a third frustum 12 (smaller at the top) and a fourth frustum 13 (larger at the bottom). The first frustum 10, the second frustum 11, the third frustum 12 and the fourth frustum 13 are fixedly connected in sequence. The lower diameter of the third frustum 12 is smaller than the upper diameter of the second frustum 11. The washing liquid flows along the inner wall of the converging section 5 to the collecting section 6 after passing through the first packing 38. The washing liquid is water or an alkaline solution, which can absorb acidic gases such as SO2 in the flue gas and can also absorb dust in the flue gas.

[0025] Example 3: As an optimization of the above examples, as shown in the appendix Figure 9 As shown, the horizontal cross-section of the constriction section 5 is star-shaped. The first inner angle 41 protruding outward inside the star is used to guide the flow of washing liquid, and the flue gas passes between the second inner angle 42 that is concave inward inside the star.

[0026] In practical applications, the horizontal cross-section of the closing section 5 can also be petal-shaped as needed.

[0027] Example 4: As an optimization of the above embodiments, as shown in the appendix Figure 6 As shown, the air inlet pipe 9 includes a fixed pipe fixed to the tower body 2 and a movable pipe that can slide up and down relative to the fixed pipe. The movable pipe is sleeved outside the fixed pipe, and a float plate 14 is provided outside the movable pipe. The float plate 14 moves upward as the liquid level in the collection section 6 rises, so that the upper end of the movable pipe is always above the liquid level in the collection section 6.

[0028] As needed, the intake pipe 9 can be configured as a telescopic pipe, and its upper end can rise as the liquid level in the collection section 6 rises. This can ensure the cooling effect of the washing liquid in the collection section 6 on the flue gas in the intake pipe 9, and also prevent the washing liquid from flowing back into the intake pipe 9.

[0029] Example 5: As an optimization of the above embodiments, as shown in the appendix Figure 5 and attached Figure 7As shown, the absorption section is filled with a second packing material 39 (not shown in the figure, only the space for storing the second packing material 39 is shown), and a second spray pipe 8 is provided above the second packing material 39 in the absorption section for spraying cooled amine liquid onto the second packing material 39. A first gas distributor 17 is provided below the second packing material 39 in the absorption section. The first gas distributor 17 is located above the washing section, allowing the gas in the washing cylinder 3 to flow upward through the second packing material 39, and guiding the rich amine liquid in the second packing material 39 to flow between the washing cylinder 3 and the tower body 2.

[0030] Example 6: As an optimization of the above embodiments, as shown in the appendix Figure 7 As shown, the washing section is filled with a third packing material 40 (not shown in the figure, only the space for storing the third packing material 40 is shown). A third spray pipe 18 is provided above the third packing material 40 in the washing section for spraying cooling water or clean water onto the third packing material 40. A second gas distributor 19 is provided below the third packing material 40 in the washing section. The second gas distributor 19 is located above the second spray pipe 8, allowing the gas treated in the absorption section to flow upward through the third packing material 40 and guiding the cooling water or clean water that has passed through the second packing material 39 to flow out of the tower body 2.

[0031] In this invention, the first gas distributor 17 and the second gas distributor 19 are both gas distributors known in the prior art, including multiple gas pipelines and a guide plate located above the gas pipelines. Flue gas can pass between the gas pipelines and the guide plate. The guide plate obstructs water flow into the gas pipelines and guides the water flow to the edge of the gas distributor.

[0032] Example 7: As an optimization of the above embodiments, as shown in the appendix Figure 3 and attached Figure 7 As shown, at least one first demister 20 is provided in the demisting section, and an air outlet 22 is provided at the upper end of the tower body 2. The gas washed in the water washing section is discharged from the air outlet 22 after passing through the first demister 20. At least one second demister 21 is provided at the upper end of the straight section 4 of the washing cylinder 3 to intercept water mist containing acidic gas.

[0033] Example 8: As an optimization of the above embodiments, as shown in the appendix Figure 8 As shown, the upper end of the movable tube is provided with a top cover 15 to prevent the washing liquid from entering the air inlet tube 9, and an air inlet 16 is opened on the peripheral wall of the movable tube, which is located above the float plate 14.

[0034] Example 9: As an optimization of the above embodiments, as shown in the appendix Figure 6 and attached Figure 7As shown, a filter plate 23 is provided on the upper and lower sides of the first packing 38, the second packing 39 and the third packing 40 to define the distribution area of ​​the first packing 38, the second packing 39 and the third packing 40 respectively. The bottom of the tower body 2 is provided with a first discharge port 24 and a second discharge port 25. The first discharge port 24 is connected to the collection section 6, and the second discharge port 25 is connected to the area between the tower body 2 and the washing cylinder 3 for discharging the rich amine liquid.

[0035] Example 10: As an optimization of the above embodiments, as shown in the appendix Figure 10 As shown, the supporting equipment includes an induced draft fan 26, an amine liquid regeneration device 27, and a transport pipeline. The transport pipeline includes a washing water inlet pipeline 28, a washing water outlet pipeline 29, a flue gas inlet pipeline 30, a washing liquid transport pipeline 31, a rich amine liquid outlet pipeline 32, and a regenerated amine liquid return pipeline 33. The inlet of the third spray pipe 18 is fixedly connected to the washing water inlet pipeline 28, the outlet below the third packing 40 is fixedly connected to the washing water outlet pipeline 29, the first discharge port 24 is fixedly connected to the inlet of the first spray pipe 7, the second discharge port 25 is fixedly connected to the upper inlet of the amine liquid regeneration device 27, and the bottom outlet of the amine liquid regeneration device 27 is fixedly connected to the inlet of the second spray pipe 8, with a regenerated amine liquid return pipeline 33.

[0036] Example 11: As an optimization of the above embodiments, as shown in the appendix Figure 10 As shown, the supporting equipment also includes a heat exchanger 34. The cold side inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger 34 are fixedly connected to the rich amine liquid discharge pipeline 32, and the hot side inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger 34 are fixedly connected to the regenerated amine liquid return pipeline 33. A first transfer pump 35 is fixedly installed on the washing liquid conveying pipeline 31. A second transfer pump 36 is fixedly installed on the rich amine liquid discharge pipeline 32 between the composite absorption tower 1 and the heat exchanger 34. A third transfer pump 37 is fixedly installed on the regenerated amine liquid return pipeline 33 between the amine liquid regeneration device 27 and the heat exchanger 34.

[0037] As attached Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the integrated tower of the present invention, which combines flue gas pretreatment and carbon dioxide capture functions, usually needs to be used in conjunction with supporting equipment.

[0038] The induced draft fan 26 is used to guide the flue gas through the flue gas inlet pipeline 30 into the air inlet pipe 9. The washing liquid delivery pipeline 31 is used to supply washing liquid to the first spray pipe 7 and collect the washing liquid discharged from the first discharge port 24. The washing liquid is treated and then sent back to the first spray pipe 7 for reuse.

[0039] The rich amine liquid discharged from the second outlet 25 at the bottom of the tower body 2 is sent to the amine liquid regeneration device 27 via the rich amine liquid discharge pipeline 32. After the rich amine liquid is treated, amine liquid is generated again. The amine liquid is cooled by heat exchanger 34 and then sent to the second spray pipe 8 via the regenerated amine liquid return pipeline 33 to return to the absorption section in the composite absorption tower 1.

[0040] Cooling water or clean water is sent to the third spray pipe 18 via the water washing water inlet pipe 28 to provide cooling water or clean water to the third packing 40. The cooling water or clean water flowing out from below the third packing 40 is discharged via the water washing water outlet pipe 29. After treatment, it can be sent back to the third spray pipe 18 for reuse.

[0041] The integrated tower, which combines flue gas pretreatment and carbon dioxide capture functions, works in tandem to achieve continuous flue gas treatment.

[0042] The integrated tower for flue gas pretreatment and carbon dioxide capture includes the following specific processes for integrated flue gas treatment: The first spray pipe 7 sprays washing liquid onto the first packing material 38, the second spray pipe 8 sprays amine liquid onto the second packing material 39, and the third spray pipe 18 sprays cooling water or clean water onto the third packing material 40.

[0043] After entering through the inlet pipe 9, the flue gas flows upward through the fourth truncated cone 13, the third truncated cone 12, the second truncated cone 11 and the first truncated cone 10 of the converging section 5 in sequence. When the flue gas reaches the second truncated cone 11, it comes into countercurrent contact with the washing liquid for preliminary cooling and washing.

[0044] The flue gas continues to flow upward and passes through the first packing 38, where it is washed and absorbed by the washing liquid. The washing liquid, after reacting with the flue gas, flows downward along the closing section 5 to the collection section 6, where the washing liquid cools the inlet pipe 9.

[0045] After passing through the first packing 38, the flue gas passes through the second demister 21 in the straight section 4, and then enters the second packing 39 through the first gas distributor 17. The amine liquid in the second packing 39 absorbs CO2 from the flue gas to generate a CO2-rich amine liquid. The rich amine liquid flows downward from the annular cavity between the scrubbing cylinder 3 and the tower body 2, which can carry away some of the heat from the scrubbing cylinder 3 and cool down the flue gas in the scrubbing cylinder 3. The flue gas after removing CO2 continues to flow upward, and after passing through the second gas distributor 19, it enters the third packing 40. The cooling water or clean water in the third packing 40 washes off the amine components entrained in the flue gas, avoiding absorbent loss and environmental damage.

[0046] The flue gas then continues to flow upwards, passes through the first demister 20 in the demister section, and is discharged from the outlet 22, entering other subsequent treatment processes or being emitted.

[0047] Specifically, in the outward-protruding portion of the constriction section 5, the rich amine liquid cools the downward-flowing washing liquid through the constriction section 5 wall; in the inward-recessed portion of the constriction section 5 wall, the rich amine liquid cools the upward-flowing flue gas through the constriction section 5 wall. When the rich amine liquid flows out, it not only carries away some of the heat from the washing drum 3, but also heats itself, reducing its heating energy consumption when subsequently flowing through the externally connected amine liquid regeneration device 27. The amine liquid regeneration device 27 is existing technology, which regenerates amine liquid through heating, allowing the amine liquid to be recycled.

[0048] As needed, the washing section, absorption section, water washing section and demisting section are arranged sequentially from bottom to top in the tower body 2, so that flue gas pretreatment and CO2 absorption can be achieved in the same tower, thereby greatly reducing the friction of the device and pipeline, thus reducing the energy consumption required for the flue gas pressurization process, and further reducing the unit consumption of CO2 capture and the cost per ton of carbon.

[0049] The converging section 5 collects the downward-flowing washing liquid, allowing it to come into countercurrent contact with the rising flue gas, thus providing initial cooling and washing for the flue gas. Furthermore, the washing liquid flows separately from the rising flue gas at the upper part of the converging section 5, which improves the heat exchange efficiency between the flue gas and the amine-rich liquid outside the washing cylinder 3, thereby enhancing the cooling effect of the flue gas and reducing system energy consumption.

[0050] In summary, the present invention can significantly reduce friction between the device and pipelines, reduce the energy consumption required for flue gas pressurization and CO2 capture, and improve the heat exchange efficiency between flue gas and the amine-rich liquid outside the scrubbing cylinder 3.

[0051] The above technical features constitute the embodiments of the present invention, which have strong adaptability and implementation effect. Unnecessary technical features can be added or removed according to actual needs to meet the needs of different situations.

Claims

1. An integrated tower device that combines flue gas pretreatment and carbon dioxide capture functions, characterized in that... The system includes a composite absorption tower and supporting equipment, which are fixedly connected via a transport pipeline. The composite absorption tower includes a tower body, within which, from bottom to top, are arranged a washing section, an absorption section, a water washing section, and a demisting section, all fixedly connected. The washing section contains a washing cylinder, with an annular cavity formed between the outer wall of the washing cylinder and the inner wall of the tower body. The washing cylinder includes a straight section, a constricting section, and a collecting section connected sequentially from top to bottom. The straight section is filled with a first packing material, and a spray nozzle is positioned above the first packing material within the straight section. The first spray pipe for spraying the washing liquid has a wavy circumference around the converging section. An air inlet pipe extending into the collection section is provided at the bottom of the tower body. The outlet of the air inlet pipe is located below the converging section. The absorption section is filled with a second packing material. A second spray pipe for spraying cooled amine liquid onto the second packing material is provided above the second packing material in the absorption section. A first gas distributor is provided below the second packing material in the absorption section. The first gas distributor is located above the washing section, allowing the gas in the washing cylinder to flow upward through the second packing material and guiding the rich amine liquid in the second packing material to flow between the washing cylinder and the tower body.

2. The integrated tower for combining flue gas pretreatment and carbon dioxide capture functions according to claim 1, characterized in that... The closing section includes, from top to bottom, a first frustum and a second frustum that are larger at the top and smaller at the bottom, a third frustum that is smaller at the top and larger at the bottom, and a fourth frustum. The first frustum, the second frustum, the third frustum, and the fourth frustum are fixedly connected to each other in sequence. The lower diameter of the third frustum is smaller than the upper diameter of the second frustum.

3. The integrated tower for collecting flue gas pretreatment and carbon dioxide capture functions according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that... The horizontal cross-section of the constriction section is star-shaped. The first inner angle protruding outward inside the star is used to guide the flow of washing liquid, and the flue gas passes between the second inner angle concave inward inside the star.

4. The integrated tower for combining flue gas pretreatment and carbon dioxide capture functions according to claim 3, characterized in that... The air inlet pipe includes a fixed pipe fixed to the tower body and a movable pipe that can slide up and down relative to the fixed pipe. The movable pipe is sleeved outside the fixed pipe and a float plate is installed outside the movable pipe. A top cover is installed at the upper end of the movable pipe to prevent the washing liquid from entering the air inlet pipe. An air inlet is opened on the periphery of the movable pipe and is located above the float plate.

5. The integrated tower for collecting flue gas pretreatment and carbon dioxide capture functions according to claim 1, 2, or 4, characterized in that... The washing section is filled with a third packing material. Above the third packing material in the washing section is a third spray pipe for spraying cooling water or clean water onto the third packing material. Below the third packing material in the washing section is a second gas distributor, which is located above the second spray pipe.

6. The integrated tower for combining flue gas pretreatment and carbon dioxide capture functions according to claim 5, characterized in that... The demisting section is equipped with at least one first demister, and an air outlet is provided at the upper end of the tower body. The upper end of the straight section of the washing drum is equipped with at least one second demister.

7. The integrated tower for combining flue gas pretreatment and carbon dioxide capture functions according to claim 6, characterized in that... The first, second, and third packings are each provided with a filter plate on their upper and lower sides to define the distribution areas of the first, second, and third packings. The bottom of the tower body is provided with a first discharge port and a second discharge port. The first discharge port is connected to the collection section, and the second discharge port is connected to the area between the tower body and the washing drum.

8. The integrated tower for collecting flue gas pretreatment and carbon dioxide capture functions according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that... The supporting equipment includes an induced draft fan, an amine regeneration device, and transport pipelines. The transport pipelines include a washing water inlet pipeline, a washing water outlet pipeline, a flue gas inlet pipeline, a washing liquid transport pipeline, a rich amine liquid outlet pipeline, and a regenerated amine liquid return pipeline. The inlet of the third spray pipe is fixedly connected to the washing water inlet pipeline, the outlet below the third packing is fixedly connected to the washing water outlet pipeline, the first discharge port is fixedly connected to the inlet of the first spray pipe, the second discharge port is fixedly connected to the upper inlet of the amine regeneration device, and the bottom outlet of the amine regeneration device is fixedly connected to the inlet of the second spray pipe, with a regenerated amine liquid return pipeline.

9. The integrated tower for collecting flue gas pretreatment and carbon dioxide capture functions according to claim 8, characterized in that... The supporting equipment also includes a heat exchanger, with the cold side inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger fixedly connected to the rich amine liquid discharge pipeline, and the hot side inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger fixedly connected to the regenerated amine liquid return pipeline. A first transfer pump is fixedly installed on the washing liquid delivery pipeline, a second transfer pump is fixedly installed on the rich amine liquid discharge pipeline between the composite absorption tower and the heat exchanger, and a third transfer pump is fixedly installed on the regenerated amine liquid return pipeline between the amine liquid regeneration device and the heat exchanger.

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