Vertical fly ash storage tank

Abstract

The present application relates to fly ash storage technical field, especially to a kind of fly ash vertical storage tank.It includes support, the support is fixedly connected with the tank body for storing fly ash, the top of the tank body is fixedly connected and is communicated with the injection pipe, the bottom of the tank body is fixedly connected and is communicated with the discharge pipe, the first ring is sealingly and slidably connected in the tank body, the second ring is sealingly and slidably connected in the discharge pipe, the first ring and the second ring are fixedly connected with flexible rubber cloth, the top of the tank body is provided with the drive assembly for driving the flexible rubber cloth to shake up and down.The present application is arranged in the tank body by flexible rubber cloth, and the contact of fly ash and tank body is cut off, when loose fly ash in the tank body is discharged, flexible rubber cloth continues to shake up and down, so that the wall-hanging and consolidated material adhered to it are forced to separate by shaking force and are discharged along the discharge pipe, significantly improve the emptying rate of tank body.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fly ash storage technology, and more particularly to a vertical fly ash storage tank. Background Technology

[0002] Fly ash is a major solid waste generated during the combustion process of coal-fired power plants. It has a complex composition but huge resource potential, rich in high-value components such as alumina, gallium, lithium and various rare earth elements. In recent years, with the development of green metallurgical technology, aluminum can be extracted and prepared directly from fly ash in low-temperature ionic liquids using an aluminum electrolysis furnace as the core reaction device, opening up a new path for the large-scale utilization of fly ash.

[0003] In actual production, fly ash may undergo incomplete electrolysis in the electrolytic furnace, requiring recycling and re-entry into the furnace for further electrolysis. After being produced by the electrolytic furnace, fly ash is usually sent to a vertical storage tank for buffering or intermediate transfer. Because fly ash carries ionic liquids in the electrolytic furnace, and because the fly ash particles are extremely fine and hygroscopic, if the tank is not properly sealed, it easily absorbs moisture from the environment. Under the long-term static condition and the pressure of the upper material's own weight, the capillary and van der Waals forces between particles increase, causing the powder to be compacted and agglomerated, forming dense, hard lumps. More seriously, a stable "arched bridging" structure (i.e., "bridging phenomenon") is often built above the discharge port due to the particle arching effect, hindering the free flow of materials. This not only causes difficulties in discharging and unobstructed material flow, but also reduces the emptying rate of the storage tank, resulting in a large amount of dead material accumulating at the bottom or corners of the tank. The effective storage volume shrinks year by year, seriously affecting the continuous operation efficiency and automation level of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings mentioned in the background art, the present invention provides a vertical fly ash storage tank.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is: a vertical fly ash storage tank, including a support frame, a tank body for storing fly ash fixedly connected to the support frame, a filling pipe fixedly connected and connected to the top of the tank body, a discharge pipe fixedly connected and connected to the bottom of the tank body, a first ring slidably connected inside the tank body, a second ring slidably connected inside the discharge pipe, a flexible rubber cloth fixedly connected between the first ring and the second ring, the flexible rubber cloth being used to isolate the fly ash from contact with the inner wall of the tank body, and a driving component for driving the flexible rubber cloth to shake up and down on the top of the tank body.

[0006] Furthermore, the drive assembly includes two symmetrically distributed connecting frames, both of which are fixedly connected to the first ring. The connecting frames are slidably connected to the tank body. Two symmetrically distributed first drive members are fixedly connected to the top of the tank body. An extrusion block is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the first drive member. The extrusion block is used to extrude and push the corresponding connecting frame to move.

[0007] Furthermore, a first elastic element is fixedly connected between the second ring and the discharge pipe, and the first elastic element is located between the flexible rubber cloth and the discharge pipe.

[0008] Furthermore, the outer contour of the extrusion block is composed of an arc-shaped surface and a vertical surface connected end to end. The distance from the arc-shaped surface of the extrusion block to the rotation axis of the first drive shaft gradually increases from one side to the other. The rotation axis of the first drive shaft is located on the plane where the vertical surface of the extrusion block is located.

[0009] Furthermore, a plurality of connecting rings are slidably connected inside the tank. The plurality of connecting rings are distributed at equal intervals and are all located between the first ring and the second ring. Two symmetrically distributed connecting posts are fixedly connected between two adjacent connecting rings and between the first ring and the adjacent connecting ring. Rotating rings are rotatably connected inside the connecting rings. The plurality of rotating rings are fixedly connected to the flexible rubber cloth.

[0010] Furthermore, the rotating ring is fixedly connected to a protrusion, and a second elastic element is fixedly connected between the protrusion and the adjacent connecting ring.

[0011] Furthermore, the tank body is fixedly connected to a second driving member, the output shaft of the second driving member is fixedly connected to a winding column, the winding column is fixedly connected to a first cable located between the flexible rubber cloth and the tank body, and a number of the protrusions are fixedly connected to a second cable with the first cable. The first ring and the same side of the number of connecting rings are provided with notches for the second cable to pass through.

[0012] Furthermore, the projections of two adjacent connecting rings onto the horizontal plane are symmetrically distributed, and the projections of two adjacent protrusions onto the horizontal plane are symmetrically distributed.

[0013] Furthermore, the tank body is fixedly connected to and communicates with an injection shell, the injection shell is rotatably and sealed to the winding column, and the winding column is located inside the injection shell.

[0014] Furthermore, a partition shell is fixedly connected to the tank body and slidably sealed with the first ring. The tank body, the discharge pipe, the first ring, the second ring, the flexible rubber cloth, and the partition shell form a sealed cavity, which is in communication with the gas injection shell.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: 1. The present invention uses a flexible rubber cloth set inside the tank to isolate the fly ash from the tank. When the loose fly ash in the tank is discharged, the flexible rubber cloth shakes up and down continuously, causing the wall-hanging and caking materials attached to it to be forced to separate by the shaking force and discharged along the discharge pipe, which significantly improves the emptying rate of the tank.

[0016] 2. By distributing several rotating rings, a first ring, and a second ring to the outside of the flexible rubber cloth, the first ring and several rotating rings together drive the flexible rubber cloth to shake up and down, thereby distributing the force evenly on the flexible rubber cloth, reducing the risk of fatigue damage to the flexible rubber cloth, and thus extending its service life.

[0017] 3. By rotating two adjacent rings in opposite directions, the flexible rubber cloth is divided into several segments and twisted, forming multiple folds. This causes shearing and tearing action on the fly ash attached to it, causing structural damage to the originally hardened or adhered material layer, separating it from the surface of the flexible rubber cloth, removing stubborn residual fly ash, and further improving the emptying rate of the tank.

[0018] 4. By forming a sealed cavity with the tank body, discharge pipe, first ring, second ring, flexible rubber cloth and partition shell, and injecting gas into the sealed cavity through the partition shell, the flexible rubber cloth expands and tightens, changing its surface shape and tension. This causes the fly ash that was originally attached or hardened to lose its adhesion due to the stretching and deformation of the cloth, and thus further falls off naturally. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the tank body of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the extrusion block of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the connecting ring of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the rotating ring of the present invention; Figure 6 This is an exploded three-dimensional structural diagram of the connecting ring, rotating ring, and second elastic element of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the first cable and the second cable of the present invention; Reference numerals: 1-Support, 2-Tank body, 3-Injection pipe, 4-Outlet pipe, 5-First ring, 6-Second ring, 7-Flexible rubber sheet, 201-Connecting frame, 202-First driving component, 203-Extrusion block, 204-First elastic component, 301-Connecting ring, 302-Connecting column, 303-Rotating ring, 304-Protrusion, 305-Second elastic component, 401-Second driving component, 402-Rewinding column, 403-First cable, 404-Second cable, 501-Injection shell, 502-Divider shell. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0021] After being produced by the electrolytic furnace, fly ash needs to be temporarily stored in vertical storage tanks. However, its ultra-fine particle size and hygroscopicity make it prone to absorbing moisture when the tank is not properly sealed. Under its own weight and static pressure, the particles compact and agglomerate, forming hard lumps. These lumps then create a "bridging" effect above the discharge port due to the arching effect, hindering material flow. This leads to difficulties in discharging and unsmooth material flow, reduced tank emptying rate, accumulation of large amounts of dead material, and a continuous reduction in effective volume, severely restricting production continuity and automation efficiency.

[0022] Example 1: This example provides a vertical fly ash storage tank to improve the evacuation rate.

[0023] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the device includes a support frame 1, to which a tank 2 for storing fly ash is fixedly connected. A filling pipe 3 is fixedly connected and connected to the top of the tank 2, for injecting fly ash into the tank 2. A discharge pipe 4 is fixedly connected and connected to the bottom of the tank 2, for discharging the fly ash from the tank 2. Both the filling pipe 3 and the discharge pipe 4 are equipped with electric valves (not shown in the figure) for controlling their opening and closing. A screw conveyor can be connected to the bottom of the discharge pipe 4 for rapid discharge. A first ring 5 is slidably and sealingly connected to the top of the tank 2, and a second ring 6 is slidably and sealingly connected to the discharge pipe 4. A flexible rubber sheet 7 is fixedly connected between the first ring 5 and the second ring 6. The first ring 5 can pull the second ring 6 to move synchronously through the flexible rubber sheet 7. The outer contour of the flexible rubber sheet 7 is similar to the inner contour of the tank body 2. In this embodiment, the flexible rubber sheet 7 is in a taut state, but this is limited to this embodiment. The flexible rubber sheet 7 is used to isolate the fly ash from the contact between the fly ash and the inner wall of the tank body 2, so that the fly ash entering the tank body 2 falls into the flexible rubber sheet 7. That is, the phenomena of fly ash hanging on the wall, caking and bridging are all transferred to the flexible rubber sheet 7. The top of the tank body 2 is provided with a drive component for driving the flexible rubber sheet 7 to shake up and down.

[0024] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the drive assembly includes two symmetrically distributed connecting frames 201, both of which are fixedly connected to the upper side of the first ring 5. The connecting frames 201 are slidably connected to the tank body 2. Two symmetrically distributed first drive components 202 are fixedly connected to the top of the tank body 2. The first drive component 202 is a servo motor. The output shaft of the first drive component 202 is fixedly connected to an extrusion block 203. The outer contour of the extrusion block 203 is composed of an arc-shaped surface and a vertical surface connected end to end. The distance from the arc-shaped surface of the extrusion block 203 to the rotation axis of the output shaft of the first drive component 202 gradually increases from one side to the other. The rotation axis of the output shaft of the first drive component 202 is located on the plane where the vertical surface of the extrusion block 203 is located. The arc-shaped surface of the pressure block 203 is used to squeeze and push the corresponding connecting frame 201 upward. The connecting frame 201 slides along the arc-shaped surface of the pressure block 203 to the vertical surface and falls back, causing the connecting frame 201 to move downward, thereby realizing the up-and-down reciprocating motion of the connecting frame 201. A first elastic element 204 is fixedly connected between the second ring 6 and the discharge pipe 4. The first elastic element 204 is a spring. The first elastic element 204 is used to pull the flexible rubber cloth 7 downward to reset. In the initial state, the first elastic element 204 is in an uncompressed state, that is, the connecting frame 201 is located at one end of the arc-shaped surface of the pressure block 203 near the rotation axis of the output shaft of the first drive member 202, and the first elastic element 204 is located between the flexible rubber cloth 7 and the discharge pipe 4.

[0025] Working principle: When fly ash needs to be stored, fly ash is injected from the injection pipe 3 at the top of tank 2, so that the fly ash comes into contact with the flexible rubber cloth 7 and accumulates in tank 2. This continues until the fly ash storage is complete, and then the electric valve on the injection pipe 3 is closed. When it is necessary to discharge the fly ash stored in tank 2, the operator opens the electric valve on the discharge pipe 4 at the bottom of tank 2, so that the fly ash in tank 2 is discharged outward along the discharge pipe 4. This continues until all the loose fly ash in tank 2 is discharged along the discharge pipe 4. At this point, the fly ash material remaining on the flexible rubber cloth 7 with clinging and caking cannot be discharged along the discharge pipe 4. Then the operator activates the two symmetrically distributed first drive components 202. The output shaft of the first drive component 202 drives the adjacent extrusion block 203 to rotate (to... Figure 3 Using the left view as a reference, the output shaft of the first driving member 202 rotates clockwise. During this rotation, the arc-shaped surface of the extrusion block 203 pushes the adjacent connecting frame 201 upward along the tank body 2. This causes the two symmetrically distributed connecting frames 201 to move the first ring 5 inside the tank body 2 synchronously. The first ring 5 then moves the flexible rubber cloth 7 synchronously, which in turn moves the second ring 6 at the bottom synchronously upward, compressing the first elastic member 204. This continues until the connecting frame 201 slides to the vertical surface of the adjacent extrusion block 203. At this point, the elastic force of the first elastic member 204 is released, pulling the second ring 6 back to its original position. The second ring 6 is then carried by the flexible rubber cloth 7... The first ring 5 is reset downwards, and the two symmetrically distributed connecting frames 201 on the first ring 5 drive the two connecting frames 201 on it to fall back down along the vertical surface of the extrusion block 203 to the arc surface, so that the arc surface of the extrusion block 203 continues to push the adjacent connecting frames 201 upwards. This cycle causes the flexible rubber cloth 7 to form a continuous up-and-down shaking phenomenon, so that the residual fly ash attached to the flexible rubber cloth 7 is separated from it and discharged along the discharge pipe 4. Then, the two symmetrically distributed first driving members 202 drive the corresponding extrusion block 203 to reset to the initial state and close, and close the electric valve on the discharge pipe 4. When it is necessary to empty the fly ash in the tank 2 again, the above steps are repeated.

[0026] Example 2: This example provides a vertical fly ash storage tank, which is a further improvement on Example 1.

[0027] like Figure 2 and Figures 4-7As shown, several connecting rings 301 are slidably connected inside the tank body 2. These connecting rings 301 are evenly spaced and located between the first ring 5 and the second ring 6. Two symmetrically distributed connecting posts 302 are fixedly connected to each adjacent connecting ring 301, as well as between the first ring 5 and its adjacent connecting ring 301. The first ring 5 can drive the adjacent connecting ring 301 to move via the connecting posts 302. Adjacent connecting rings 301 are connected via the connecting posts 302, meaning the first ring 5 can drive all the connecting rings 301 to move synchronously up and down. Rotatably connected within each connecting ring 301 are... Rotating rings 303, and several rotating rings 303 are fixedly connected to flexible rubber cloth 7, thereby dispersing the force of the up-and-down reciprocating motion of flexible rubber cloth 7 and reducing the risk of breakage of flexible rubber cloth 7. In this embodiment, the flexible rubber cloth 7 between two adjacent rotating rings 303 is in a loose state. A protrusion 304 is fixedly connected to the rotating ring 303. The protrusion 304 is located inside the corresponding connecting ring 301. A second elastic element 305 is fixedly connected between the protrusion 304 and the adjacent connecting ring 301. The second elastic element 305 is a tension spring. The second elastic element 305 is used to drive the adjacent rotating ring 303 to reset.

[0028] like Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 7 As shown, a second driving component 401, which is a servo motor, is fixedly connected to the top of the tank body 2. A winding post 402 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the second driving component 401. A first cable 403, located between the flexible rubber sheet 7 and the tank body 2, is fixedly connected to the winding post 402. Initially, the first cable 403 hangs down and is not wound around the winding post 402. Several protrusions 304 are fixedly connected to second cables 404 with the first cable 403. The output shaft of the second driving component 401 winds up the first cable 403. The first cable 403 can pass through the several second cables 404 and the protrusions. 304 drives the rotating ring 303 to rotate, and the rotating ring 303 drives the flexible rubber cloth 7 to twist. The first ring 5 and several connecting rings 301 are provided with notches on the same side for the second cable 404 to pass through. The connecting ring 301 is provided with a guide wheel (not shown in the figure) at the notch to support the corresponding second cable 404, thereby reducing the wear of the second cable 404. The projections of two adjacent connecting rings 301 on the horizontal plane are symmetrically distributed, and the projections of two adjacent protrusions 304 on the horizontal plane are symmetrically distributed to make the two adjacent rotating rings 303 rotate in opposite directions, thereby realizing the twisting of the flexible rubber cloth 7.

[0029] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, the top of the tank 2 is fixedly connected to and communicates with an injection shell 501. The injection shell 501 is connected to an external gas conveying device (not shown in the figure). The injection shell 501 is sealed and rotatably connected to a winding column 402. The winding column 402 is located inside the injection shell 501. A partition shell 502 is fixedly connected inside the tank 2 and is sealed and slidably connected to the first ring 5. The tank 2, the discharge pipe 4, the first ring 5, the second ring 6, the flexible rubber cloth 7, and the partition shell 502 form a closed cavity. This closed cavity is connected to the injection shell 501. The external gas conveying device can inject gas into this closed cavity through the injection shell 501, thereby causing the flexible rubber cloth 7 to expand, changing its surface shape and tension. This causes the fly ash that was originally attached or hardened to lose its adhesion due to the stretching and deformation of the cloth, and thus further falls off naturally.

[0030] Working principle: When it is necessary to discharge the fly ash stored in tank 2, the two symmetrically distributed first driving components 202 are activated. The output shaft of the first driving component 202 pushes the corresponding connecting frame 201 through the extrusion block 203 on it. The connecting frame 201 moves up and down reciprocally under the thrust of the extrusion block 203. The two connecting frames 201 drive the first ring 5 to move synchronously, so that the first ring 5 drives several connecting rings 301 to move synchronously through the connecting column 302. The connecting rings 301 drive the rotating rings 303 inside them to move synchronously. So that the several rotating rings 303 and the first ring 5 drive the flexible rubber cloth 7 to move up and down reciprocally, that is, the action position of the up and down reciprocating motion of the flexible rubber cloth 7 is evenly distributed, reducing the probability of deformation and damage of the flexible rubber cloth 7 under stress and extending the service life of the flexible rubber cloth 7.

[0031] After the above process is completed, that is, after the two symmetrically distributed first driving components 202 drive the corresponding extrusion blocks 203 to reset to the initial state and close, the operator turns on the external gas delivery device. The external gas delivery device injects gas into the gas injection shell 501. The gas enters the sealed cavity formed by the tank 2, the discharge pipe 4, the first ring 5, the second ring 6, the flexible rubber cloth 7, and the partition shell 502 along the gas injection shell 501. The gas in the sealed cavity pushes the flexible rubber cloth 7 to expand, thereby changing the state of the flexible rubber cloth 7 and further separating the fly ash remaining on it. After the flexible rubber cloth 7 expands to a taut state, it closes. Then the second driving component 401 is turned on. The output shaft of 401 drives the winding column 402 to rotate. The winding column 402 begins to wind up the first cable 403. The first cable 403 moves upward and pulls all the second cables 404, causing the second cables 404 to drive the rotating ring 303 to rotate along the adjacent connecting ring 301 through the protrusion 304. At the same time, the second elastic element 305 is stretched, and the rotation directions of the two adjacent rotating rings 303 are opposite. This divides the flexible rubber cloth 7 into several segments and twists it, causing the flexible rubber cloth 7 to form wrinkles and further change its state, so that the fly ash attached to it is further separated, thereby improving the discharge rate of fly ash in the tank 2. When the flexible rubber cloth 7 is twisted to the limit state, the second drive element 401 is turned off.

[0032] After the fly ash adhering to the flexible rubber sheet 7 has been treated, the second drive unit 401 is turned on. The output shaft of the second drive unit 401 drives the winding column 402 to reset and rotate, thereby releasing the first cable 403 wrapped around it. At the same time, the tension of the second elastic element 305 is released and drives the rotating ring 303 to reset and rotate through the corresponding protrusion 304. The protrusion 304 drives the second cable 404 to reset. After the first cable 403 has reset, the second drive unit 401 is turned off. At the same time, the external gas conveying device is turned on to recover the gas in the sealed cavity, so that the flexible rubber sheet 7 returns to a loose state. Then the external gas conveying device is turned off. When it is necessary to discharge the fly ash in the tank 2 again, the above steps are repeated.

[0033] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vertical fly ash storage tank, comprising a support (1), wherein a tank body (2) for storing fly ash is fixedly connected to the support (1), the top of the tank body (2) is fixedly connected to and connected to an injection pipe (3), and the bottom of the tank body (2) is fixedly connected to and connected to an outlet pipe (4), characterized in that: The tank body (2) is sealed and slidably connected with a first ring (5), and the discharge pipe (4) is sealed and slidably connected with a second ring (6). A flexible rubber cloth (7) is fixedly connected between the first ring (5) and the second ring (6). The flexible rubber cloth (7) is used to isolate the fly ash from contact with the inner wall of the tank body (2). The top of the tank body (2) is provided with a drive assembly for driving the flexible rubber cloth (7) to shake up and down. A plurality of connecting rings (301) are slidably connected inside the tank body (2). The plurality of connecting rings (301) are distributed at equal intervals and are all located between the first ring (5) and the second ring (6). Two symmetrically distributed connecting posts (302) are fixedly connected between two adjacent connecting rings (301) and between the first ring (5) and the adjacent connecting rings (301). Rotating rings (303) are rotatably connected inside the connecting rings (301). A plurality of rotating rings (303) are fixedly connected to the flexible rubber cloth (7). The rotating ring (303) is fixedly connected to a protrusion (304), and a second elastic element (305) is fixedly connected between the protrusion (304) and the adjacent connecting ring (301). The tank body (2) is fixedly connected to a second driving member (401), and the output shaft of the second driving member (401) is fixedly connected to a winding post (402). The winding post (402) is fixedly connected to a first cable (403) located between the flexible rubber cloth (7) and the tank body (2). A number of the protrusions (304) are fixedly connected to a second cable (404) between the first cable (403). The first ring (5) and the same side of the connecting rings (301) are provided with notches for the second cable (404) to pass through.

2. A vertical fly ash storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive assembly includes two symmetrically distributed connecting frames (201), both of which are fixedly connected to the first ring (5). The connecting frames (201) are slidably connected to the tank (2). The top of the tank (2) is fixedly connected to two symmetrically distributed first drive members (202). The output shaft of the first drive member (202) is fixedly connected to a pressing block (203). The pressing block (203) is used to press and push the corresponding connecting frame (201) to move.

3. A vertical fly ash storage tank according to claim 2, characterized in that: A first elastic element (204) is fixedly connected between the second ring (6) and the discharge pipe (4), and the first elastic element (204) is located between the flexible rubber cloth (7) and the discharge pipe (4).

4. A vertical fly ash storage tank according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer contour of the extrusion block (203) is composed of an arc surface and a vertical surface connected end to end. The distance from the arc surface of the extrusion block (203) to the rotation axis of the output shaft of the first drive member (202) gradually increases from one side to the other side. The rotation axis of the output shaft of the first drive member (202) is located on the plane where the vertical surface of the extrusion block (203) is located.

5. A vertical fly ash storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: The projections of two adjacent connecting rings (301) on the horizontal plane are symmetrically distributed, and the projections of two adjacent protrusions (304) on the horizontal plane are symmetrically distributed.

6. A vertical fly ash storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tank (2) is fixedly connected to and communicates with an air injection shell (501), the air injection shell (501) is sealed and rotatably connected to the winding column (402), and the winding column (402) is located inside the air injection shell (501).

7. A vertical fly ash storage tank according to claim 6, characterized in that: The tank (2) is fixedly connected to a partition shell (502) that is slidably and sealingly connected to the first ring (5). The tank (2), the discharge pipe (4), the first ring (5), the second ring (6), the flexible rubber cloth (7) and the partition shell (502) form a sealed cavity, which is connected to the air injection shell (501).

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