A cast-off marine device and marine observation system

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of oceanographic equipment and oceanographic system, it is related to oceanographic technology field, the oceanographic equipment includes: electrode pair, system power supply battery, power-on self-locking module, power conversion module and microcontroller module, power-on self-locking module includes first branch, second branch and third branch, when electrode pair short-circuit conduction in water, first branch is conducted, and first branch outputs high level, power conversion module works, and power is supplied to third branch and microcontroller module, third branch outputs low level, and microcontroller module starts timing, simultaneously sets second branch output low level, and when the time that first branch outputs high level is greater than preset time, it is determined that oceanographic equipment enters ocean, sets second branch output high level, and controls oceanographic equipment to carry out self-locking work.The application realizes absolute safety power-off before entering water, reliable triggering in water, self-locking maintenance power supply after once triggering, and off without error when leaving water.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of marine observation technology, and in particular to a drop-off marine device and marine observation system. Background Technology

[0002] The fields of marine observation and resource exploration increasingly rely on marine observation equipment. Drop-off marine equipment is a special type of marine observation equipment. Its core characteristics are: single use, low cost, large-scale deployment, short working window (i.e., short effective working time), and strong immediacy of data value. This type of drop-off marine equipment is usually deployed by air, surface (i.e., on the water) or underwater mobile platforms in a rapid movement. It starts working immediately after entering the water, completes data collection and transmission within minutes to hours, and then sinks and self-destructs, and is not retrieved.

[0003] In the above application scenarios, stringent requirements are placed on the power management of drop-off marine equipment: absolute reliability of startup must be guaranteed. First, the drop-off marine equipment must be 100% reliable to start up when it first enters the water, with no second chance. It must be ensured that it can operate stably in the correct water environment and that power outages and repeated switching on and off are avoided due to accidental removal from the water surface by waves, turbulence, etc. Second, the drop-off marine equipment must be absolutely safe to disconnect from the power supply during deck transportation and deployment before entering the water.

[0004] Currently, power management for drop-off marine equipment mainly employs traditional manual power-on methods and simple water-based conductivity methods. While the traditional manual power-on method can meet the aforementioned stringent requirements, its drawbacks include: manual power-on on a rocking deck poses risks to personal safety and operational errors, and it is not suitable for large-scale, automated deployment. The simple water-based conductivity method can solve the drawbacks of the traditional manual power-on method, but its drawbacks are: if the power switch is controlled by only a pair of exposed electrodes that can conduct through seawater, the power supply will be interrupted and repeatedly switched on and off when the drop-off marine equipment is accidentally lifted out of the water due to waves, turbulence, or other reasons. This fluctuating power supply can cause the main control system to repeatedly restart, fail to perform tasks, lose data or damage the memory, and cause high current surges to damage sensitive electronic components. Furthermore, it cannot prevent accidental activation; before the equipment is submerged, the power may be turned on by a person simultaneously holding a pair of exposed electrodes, making it impossible to guarantee that the drop-off marine equipment will be safely powered off before submersion. In other words, it cannot meet the aforementioned stringent requirements.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a drop-off marine device that can be safely powered off before entering the water, reliably triggered upon entering the water, self-locked to maintain power supply after a single trigger, and automatically shut off upon leaving the water. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this application is to provide a drop-off marine equipment and marine observation system that can achieve absolute safe power-off before entering the water, reliable triggering upon entering the water, self-locking to maintain power supply after one trigger, and accidental shutdown upon leaving the water.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following solution.

[0008] In a first aspect, this application provides a drop-off marine device, comprising: an electrode pair and a system power supply battery, a power-on self-locking module, a power conversion module, and a microcontroller module located inside the drop-off marine device. The power-on self-locking module includes a first branch, a second branch, and a third branch. The system power supply battery is electrically connected to the first branch and the power conversion module, respectively. The first branch, the second branch, and the third branch are all electrically connected to the power conversion module. The first branch and the third branch are electrically connected. The power conversion module is electrically connected to the microcontroller module, and the microcontroller module is communicatively connected to the second branch and the third branch, respectively. The power conversion module is used to operate when the first branch or the second branch outputs a high level, converting the output voltage of the system power supply battery to power the third branch and the microcontroller module. The electrode pair is installed on a drop-off marine device. The first end of the electrode pair is located outside the drop-off marine device, and the second end of the electrode pair is electrically connected to the first branch. The electrode pair can be short-circuited and conduct when it enters the water. When the electrode pair is short-circuited and conducts, the first branch conducts and outputs a high level, while the third branch outputs a low level. The microcontroller module is used to start timing the duration of the high-level output of the first branch when the first branch outputs a high level, and simultaneously set the second branch output to a low level. When the duration of the high-level output of the first branch exceeds a preset time, it determines that the drop-off marine equipment has entered the ocean, sets the second branch output to a high level, and controls the drop-off marine equipment to perform self-locking operation.

[0009] Secondly, this application provides a marine observation system, which includes: a mobile platform and the aforementioned drop-off marine equipment, wherein the mobile platform and the drop-off marine equipment are communicatively connected. The mobile water platform is equipped with a display and control terminal, a platform-side data transmission radio, and a platform-side integrated transmitting and receiving antenna. The display and control terminal is connected to the platform-side data transmission radio, and the platform-side data transmission radio is connected to the platform-side integrated transmitting and receiving antenna.

[0010] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, this application has the following technical effects.

[0011] This application provides a drop-off marine device and a marine observation system, including an electrode pair, a system power supply battery, a power-on self-locking module, a power conversion module, and a microcontroller module. The power-on self-locking module includes a first branch, a second branch, and a third branch. The electrode pair can be short-circuited and conduct when entering the water. When the electrode pair is short-circuited and conducts, the first branch conducts and outputs a high level. The power conversion module operates to supply power to the third branch and the microcontroller module, and the third branch outputs a low level. The microcontroller module starts timing the duration of the high level output of the first branch and simultaneously sets the second branch to output a low level. When the duration of the high level output of the first branch exceeds a preset time, it is determined that the drop-off marine device has entered the ocean, and the second branch is set to output a high level to control the drop-off marine device to perform self-locking operation. Through the above design, when the electrode pair is short-circuited and conducting, the first branch is conducting and outputs a high level. The power conversion module works to supply power to the third branch and the microcontroller module, achieving reliable triggering upon entering the water. When the high level output of the first branch does not exceed a preset time, the first branch outputs a low level, the second branch outputs a low level, and the power conversion module does not work, preventing false triggering and achieving absolute safe power-off before entering the water. When the high level output of the first branch exceeds a preset time, it is determined that the disposable marine equipment has entered the ocean. The second branch is set to output a high level to control the disposable marine equipment to perform self-locking. This achieves self-locking to maintain power supply after one trigger and prevents false shutdown upon leaving the water. Thus, under the premise of automatic power-on, the stringent requirement of "ensuring absolute reliability of startup" is met. In harsh environments without human intervention, the autonomous, reliable, and safe startup of the disposable marine equipment throughout its life cycle is achieved. Attached Figure Description

[0012] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a drop-off marine device provided in Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a drop-off marine device provided in Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0015] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of the power-on self-locking module provided in Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0016] Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of the power input unit, power indicator unit, and first conversion unit in the power conversion module provided in Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0017] Figure 5 A circuit diagram showing the design of the output terminal of the first conversion unit provided in Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0018] Figure 6 This is a circuit diagram of the second conversion unit in the power conversion module provided in Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0019] Figure 7 A circuit diagram showing the design of the output terminal of the second conversion unit provided in Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0020] Figure 8 This is a circuit diagram of the radio control module provided in Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0021] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the waterborne mobile platform provided in Embodiment 2 of this application.

[0022] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a marine observation system provided in Embodiment 2 of this application.

[0023] Figure label: 1-Disposable marine equipment; 2-First electrode; 3-Second electrode; 4-Equipment-side data transmission radio; 5-Equipment-side integrated transmit and receive antenna; 6-Mobile platform on water; 7-Display and control terminal; 8-Platform-side data transmission radio; 9-Platform-side integrated transmit and receive antenna; 10-Unobstructed area. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0025] Example 1 This embodiment provides a drop-off marine device, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the disposable marine device 1 includes: an electrode pair and a system power supply battery, a power-on self-locking module, a power conversion module, and a microcontroller module located inside the disposable marine device 1. The power-on self-locking module includes a first branch, a second branch, and a third branch. The system power supply battery is electrically connected to the first branch and the power conversion module, respectively. The first branch, the second branch, and the third branch are all electrically connected to the power conversion module. The first branch and the third branch are electrically connected. The power conversion module is electrically connected to the microcontroller module. The microcontroller module is communicatively connected to the second branch and the third branch, respectively. The power conversion module is used to operate when the first branch or the second branch outputs a high level, converting the output voltage of the system power supply battery to supply power to the third branch and the microcontroller module.

[0026] The electrode pair is installed on the drop-off marine equipment 1. The first end of the electrode pair is located outside the drop-off marine equipment 1, and the second end of the electrode pair is electrically connected to the first branch. The electrode pair can be short-circuited and conduct when it enters the water. When the electrode pair is short-circuited and conducts, the first branch conducts and outputs a high level, while the third branch outputs a low level. The duration of the high level output by the first branch is the same as the duration of the low level output by the third branch.

[0027] The microcontroller module is used to start timing the duration of the high-level output of the first branch when the first branch outputs a high level, and simultaneously set the second branch output to a low level. When the duration of the high-level output of the first branch exceeds a preset time, it determines that the drop-off marine equipment 1 has entered the ocean, sets the second branch output to a high level, and controls the drop-off marine equipment 1 to perform self-locking operation.

[0028] The drop-off marine equipment 1 in this embodiment also includes: a radio power supply battery, a radio control module, a device-side data transmission radio 4, and a device-side integrated transmit and receive antenna 5. The radio power supply battery and the radio control module are both located inside the drop-off marine equipment 1. The device-side data transmission radio 4 and the device-side integrated transmit and receive antenna 5 are both installed on the drop-off marine equipment 1. The radio power supply battery is electrically connected to the radio control module. The radio control module is electrically connected to the power conversion module and the device-side data transmission radio 4, respectively. The device-side data transmission radio 4 is connected to the device-side integrated transmit and receive antenna 5. The radio control module and the device-side data transmission radio 4 are both communicatively connected to the microcontroller module.

[0029] When the power conversion module supplies power to the radio control module and the microcontroller module sets the control terminal of the radio control module to a high level, the radio control module is turned on, enabling the radio power supply battery to supply power to the device-side data transmission radio 4. The device-side data transmission radio 4 and the device-side transmit / receive integrated antenna 5 can communicate with external devices.

[0030] The drop-off marine device 1 in this embodiment also includes: a measurement sensor module, which is located inside the drop-off marine device 1. The measurement sensor module is electrically connected to the power conversion module and communicatively connected to the microcontroller module. The measurement sensor module is used to collect marine environmental data and transmit the marine environmental data to the microcontroller module.

[0031] The disposable marine device 1 in this embodiment needs to be deployed in seawater. It is a disposable measuring device used to collect marine environmental data. A device-side data transmission radio 4 and a device-side transmit / receive integrated antenna 5 are sealed and installed on the upper end of the disposable marine device 1. An electrode pair is installed on the lower end of the disposable marine device 1. Inside the disposable marine device 1, there are system power supply batteries, power-on self-locking modules, power conversion modules, microcontroller modules, radio power supply batteries, radio control modules, and measurement sensor modules. The above components constitute a power management unit and a data transmission unit. The power management unit mainly includes system power supply batteries, power-on self-locking modules, and power conversion modules. The data transmission unit mainly includes radio power supply batteries, radio control modules, device-side data transmission radio 4, and measurement sensor modules.

[0032] The following is a detailed description of each component of the drop-off marine equipment 1.

[0033] (a) Electrode pair The electrode pair is installed on the disposable marine equipment 1. The first end of the electrode pair is located outside the disposable marine equipment 1, and the second end of the electrode pair is electrically connected to the first branch. The electrode pair can be short-circuited and conduct when entering the water, serving as the main power-on switch for the disposable marine equipment 1. When the electrode pair is short-circuited and conducts, the first branch of the power-on self-locking module is turned on, and the first branch outputs a high level, which further causes the third branch of the power-on self-locking module to output a low level. The microcontroller module is communicatively connected to the third branch. At this time, the microcontroller module can monitor the output signal of the third branch, determine whether the third branch outputs a low level, and time the duration of the low level output of the third branch to determine the duration of the low level output of the third branch, and further determine the duration of the high level output of the first branch. It should be noted that the duration of the high level output of the first branch is the same as the duration of the low level output of the third branch.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, the electrode pair includes a first electrode 2 and a second electrode 3. The first end of the first electrode 2 and the first end of the second electrode 3 form the first end of the electrode pair, which is located outside the drop-off marine equipment 1. The second end of the first electrode 2 and the second end of the second electrode 3 form the second end of the electrode pair, which is electrically connected to the first branch.

[0035] In this embodiment, the materials of the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 are the same. Both the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 are metallic materials with water-conductivity. Metallic materials with water-conductivity are those that still conduct electricity well in water and are not easily corroded by water. In this case, water acts as a conductive medium, allowing the two electrodes to short-circuit and conduct. Metallic materials with water-conductivity can include copper, silver, gold, and aluminum. Of course, other metallic materials with good water-conductivity can also be used, and this embodiment does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0036] The first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 can be cylindrical. In this case, both the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 can be made of copper, silver, gold, or aluminum. To reduce costs, copper is preferred.

[0037] (ii) System power supply battery The system's power supply battery is located inside the disposable marine equipment 1, and it can be any type of battery.

[0038] (iii) Power-on self-locking module The power-on self-locking module is located inside the drop-off marine equipment 1. The power-on self-locking module includes a first branch, a second branch, and a third branch. The first branch is electrically connected to the system power supply battery and the third branch, respectively. The first branch, the second branch, and the third branch are all electrically connected to the power conversion module. The second branch and the third branch are both communicatively connected to the microcontroller module.

[0039] like Figure 3 As shown, the first branch includes an eighth resistor R8, a water ingress detection interface J1, and a third diode D3. The first end of the eighth resistor R8 is the input terminal of the first branch, which is connected to the system power supply battery VIN_1. The second end of the eighth resistor R8 is connected to the first end of the water ingress detection interface J1, which is the first output terminal of the first branch. The first output terminal of the first branch is connected to the first input terminal of the third branch. The second end of the water ingress detection interface J1 is connected to the anode of the third diode D3, and the cathode of the third diode D3 is the second output terminal of the first branch. The second output terminal of the first branch is connected to the first input terminal PWR_EN of the power conversion module. The water ingress detection interface J1 is connected to the second end of the electrode pair. Specifically, one end of the electrode pair in the disposable marine device 1 is connected to pin 1 and pin 2 of the water ingress detection interface J1, and the other end of the electrode pair extends out of the disposable marine device 1 and contacts the seawater. When the electrode pair is short-circuited and conducting in the water inlet, the water inlet detection interface J1 is turned on, the first branch is turned on, and both the first output terminal and the second output terminal of the first branch output a high level. When the electrode pair is not short-circuited and conducting, the water inlet detection interface J1 is not turned on, the first branch is not turned on, and both the first output terminal and the second output terminal of the first branch output a low level.

[0040] like Figure 3 As shown, the second branch includes a 25th resistor R25 and a 4th diode D4. The first terminal of the 25th resistor R25 is the input terminal of the second branch, which is connected to the output terminal SYS_EN of the microcontroller module. The second terminal of the 25th resistor R25 is connected to the anode of the 4th diode D4, and the cathode of the 4th diode D4 is the output terminal of the second branch. The output terminal of the second branch is connected to the first input terminal PWR_EN of the power conversion module. When the microcontroller module sets the input terminal of the second branch to a high level, the output terminal of the second branch outputs a high level; when the microcontroller module sets the input terminal of the second branch to a low level, the output terminal of the second branch outputs a low level.

[0041] In the first and second branches, J1 (water inlet short circuit point), R8 (2Ω), R25 (4.7kΩ), D3 (SS84C), and D4 (SS84C) are used for circuit current limiting protection and enable logic control, so that the first and second branches output high or low level. When the first or second branch outputs high level, the power conversion module works to convert the output voltage of the system power supply battery to power the third branch and the microcontroller module.

[0042] like Figure 3 As shown, the third branch includes an eleventh resistor R11, a first switching transistor Q1, and a tenth resistor R10. The first end of the eleventh resistor R11 is the second input terminal of the third branch, which is connected to the second output terminal VCC_3.3M of the power conversion module. The second end of the eleventh resistor R11 is the output terminal of the third branch, which is connected to the input terminal SW_EN of the microcontroller module. The second end of the eleventh resistor R11 is connected to the drain of the first switching transistor Q1, the source of the first switching transistor Q1 is grounded, and the gate of the first switching transistor Q1 is connected to the first end of the tenth resistor R10, forming the first input terminal of the third branch. The first input terminal of the third branch is connected to the first output terminal of the first branch, and the second end of the tenth resistor R10 is grounded. When the first output terminal of the first branch outputs a high level, the output terminal of the third branch outputs a low level.

[0043] In the third branch, Q1 (AO3400) is an N-channel MOSFET, which acts as an enable switch to control the output signal of SW_EN. R10 (10kΩ) and R11 (10kΩ) are gate voltage divider / pull-down resistors for Q1 to ensure reliable turn-off and drive of Q1. SW_EN is the I / O port of the microcontroller module for monitoring the water inlet short circuit status and time. When the water inlet short circuit of the disposable marine equipment 1 is turned on, J1 (water inlet short circuit point) is turned on, the system power supply battery VIN_1 supplies power, the first output terminal of the first branch outputs a high level, turning on Q1, and SW_EN outputs a low level. When the water outlet short circuit of the disposable marine equipment 1 is broken, J1 (water inlet short circuit point) is broken, the system power supply battery VIN_1 cannot supply power, the first output terminal of the first branch outputs a low level, turning off Q1, and SW_EN outputs a high level.

[0044] Based on the first, second, and third branches mentioned above, the microcontroller module is used to start timing the duration of the high-level output of the first branch when the first branch outputs a high level, and simultaneously set the second branch to output a low level. When the duration of the high-level output of the first branch exceeds a preset time, it determines that the drop-off marine equipment 1 has entered the ocean, sets the second branch to output a high level, and controls the drop-off marine equipment 1 to perform self-locking operation.

[0045] (iv) Power conversion module The power conversion module is located inside the disposable marine equipment 1. The power conversion module is electrically connected to the system power supply battery, the first branch, the second branch, the third branch, and the microcontroller module.

[0046] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the power conversion module includes a power input unit, a power indicator unit, a first conversion unit, and a second conversion unit. The input terminal of the power input unit is the second input terminal of the power conversion module, which is connected to the system power supply battery VIN_1. The first output terminal of the power input unit is connected to the first input terminal of the power indicator unit, and the second input terminal of the power indicator unit is connected to the output terminal of the second conversion unit. The output terminal of the power indicator unit is connected to the input terminal PD2 of the microcontroller module. The second output terminal of the power input unit is connected to the first input terminal of the first conversion unit, which is the first input terminal PWR_EN of the power conversion module. The first input terminal PWR_EN of the power conversion module is connected to the second output terminal of the first branch and the output terminal of the second branch, respectively. The third input terminal of the first conversion unit is connected to the output terminal of the second conversion unit, and the output terminal of the first conversion unit is the first output terminal of the power conversion module. The output terminal of the first conversion unit is connected to the input terminal of the second conversion unit, and the output terminal of the second conversion unit is the second output terminal of the power conversion module. The second output terminal of the power conversion module is connected to the second input terminal of the third branch and the input terminal of the microcontroller module, respectively.

[0047] The power indicator unit is used to indicate to the microcontroller module whether the system power supply battery is supplying power normally. The first conversion unit is used to convert the output voltage of the system power supply battery into a first operating voltage when the first branch outputs a high level or the second branch outputs a high level. The second conversion unit is used to convert the first operating voltage into a second operating voltage.

[0048] like Figure 4 As shown, the power input unit includes a fifth diode D5, a third inductor L3, a nineteenth capacitor C19, a first capacitor C1, a ninth capacitor C9, and an eighth capacitor C8. The anode of the fifth diode D5 is the input terminal of the power input unit, which is connected to the system power supply battery VIN_1. The cathode of the fifth diode D5 is the first output terminal of the power input unit, which is connected to the first input terminal of the power indicator unit. The cathode of the fifth diode D5 is connected to the first terminal of the third inductor L3 and the first terminal of the nineteenth capacitor C19. The second terminal of the third inductor L3 is connected to the first terminal of the first capacitor C1, the first terminal of the ninth capacitor C9, and the first terminal of the eighth capacitor C8, forming the second output terminal of the power input unit. The second output terminal of the power input unit is connected to the first input terminal of the first conversion unit. The second terminals of the nineteenth capacitor C19, the first capacitor C1, the ninth capacitor C9, and the eighth capacitor C8 are all grounded.

[0049] In the power input unit, D5 (MURS120) is an ultra-fast recovery diode used to prevent reverse power connection and block reverse current. L3 (33μH), C19 (10μF), C1 (10μF), C9 (1μF) and C8 (10μF) form an LC filter network to suppress input ripple and electromagnetic interference. The four capacitors with different capacitance values, C19 (10μF), C1 (10μF), C9 (1μF) and C8 (10μF), are connected in parallel to achieve wideband filtering from low frequency to high frequency and stabilize the output voltage.

[0050] like Figure 4 As shown, the power indicator unit includes a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, and a second diode D2. The first end of the second resistor R2 is the first input terminal of the power indicator unit, which is connected to the first output terminal of the power input unit. The second end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the first end of the third resistor R3, the cathode of the first diode in the second diode D2, and the anode of the second diode in the second diode D2, forming the output terminal of the power indicator unit. The output terminal of the power indicator unit is connected to the input terminal PD2 of the microcontroller module. The second end of the third resistor R3 and the anode of the first diode in the second diode D2 are both grounded. The cathode of the second diode in the second diode D2 is the second input terminal of the power indicator unit, which is connected to the output terminal VCC_3.3M of the second conversion unit.

[0051] In the power indicator unit, R2 (20kΩ) is a pull-up resistor that pulls the voltage of the detection node PD2 to the voltage of the system power supply battery VIN_1. R3 (1kΩ) is a current-limiting resistor to protect the subsequent circuit. D2 (BAT54S) is a Schottky diode used to absorb reverse voltage. R2 (20kΩ), R3 (1kΩ) and D2 (BAT54S) form a system power supply presence indicator circuit. When VIN_1 is valid, PD2 is high, notifying the microcontroller module that the system power supply (i.e., the system power supply battery) has been connected.

[0052] like Figure 4 As shown, the first conversion unit includes a 26th resistor R26, a first resistor R1, and a step-down chip U0. The first end of the 26th resistor R26 is the second input terminal of the first conversion unit. The second end of the 26th resistor R26 is connected to the first end of the first resistor R1 and the EN pin of the step-down chip U0, respectively. The second end of the first resistor R1 is grounded. The VIN pin of the step-down chip U0 is the first input terminal of the first conversion unit.

[0053] Among them, the resistance of the twenty-sixth resistor R26 is 160kΩ, and the resistance of the first resistor R1 is 10kΩ. The twenty-sixth resistor R26 and the first resistor R1 form a voltage divider and current limiting circuit. The voltage divider and current limiting circuit is used to avoid damage to the step-down chip U0 due to instability when the electrode pair is short-circuited and conducting. The step-down chip U0 is used to convert the output voltage of the system power supply battery into the first working voltage.

[0054] like Figure 4 As shown, the first conversion unit also includes a seventh capacitor C7, a sixth capacitor C6, a ninth resistor R9, a fifth capacitor C5, a first diode D1, a first inductor L1, a third capacitor C3, a fourth capacitor C4, a sixth resistor R6, an eighteenth capacitor C18, a seventh resistor R7, a fourth resistor R4, a seventeenth capacitor C17, a second capacitor C2, and a fifth resistor R5. The first terminal of the seventh capacitor C7 is connected to the EN pin of the step-down chip U0, and the second terminal of the seventh capacitor C7 is grounded. The first terminal of the sixth capacitor C6 is connected to the SS / TR pin of the step-down chip U0, and the second terminal of the sixth capacitor C6 is grounded. The first terminal of the ninth resistor R9 is connected to the RT / CLK pin of the step-down chip U0, and the second terminal of the ninth resistor R9 is grounded. The first terminal of the fifth capacitor C5 is connected to the BOOT pin of the step-down chip U0, and the second terminal of the fifth capacitor C5 is connected to the SW pin of the step-down chip U0, the cathode of the first diode D1, and the first terminal of the first inductor L1. The anode of the first diode D1 is grounded. The second terminal of the first inductor L1 is connected to the third capacitor C3, the fourth resistor C4, the sixth resistor R6, the eighteenth capacitor C18, the seventh resistor R7, the fourth resistor R4, the seventeenth capacitor C17, the second capacitor C2, and the fifth resistor R5. The first terminal of capacitor C3, the first terminal of capacitor C4, the first terminal of resistor R6, and the first terminal of capacitor C18 form the output terminal VCC_5 of the first conversion unit. The second terminals of capacitor C3, capacitor C4, and capacitor C18 are all grounded. The second terminal of resistor R6 is connected to the FB pin of buck chip U0 and the first terminal of resistor R7, which is grounded. The EP and GND pins of buck chip U0 are both grounded. The first terminal of resistor R4 is connected to the COMP pin of buck chip U0 and the first terminal of capacitor C17, which is grounded. The second terminal of resistor R4 is connected to the first terminal of capacitor C2, which is grounded. The first terminal of resistor R5 is connected to the PWRGD pin of buck chip U0, and the second terminal of resistor R5 is the third input terminal of the first conversion unit. The third input terminal of the first conversion unit is connected to the output terminal VCC_3.3M of the second conversion unit.

[0055] In the first conversion unit, U0 (SCT2620) is a synchronous buck DC-DC converter, the core of the circuit, responsible for efficient voltage regulation output. R26 (160kΩ) and R1 (10kΩ) address the instability that occurs after the electrode pair is short-circuited and turned on by the water inlet. Specifically, after the water inlet short circuit is turned on, the system voltage and current become too large, burning out the SCT2620 through the EN pin. After repeated testing, a voltage divider and current limiting circuit is constructed using the combination of R26 (160kΩ) and R1 (10kΩ) to ensure reliable and stable voltage and current of the electrode pair during any water inlet short circuit, preventing the SCT2620 from burning out. R1 (10kΩ), C7 (100nF), and C6 (10nF) form a soft-start and compensation network to suppress power-on surges and loop oscillations. R9 (200kΩ) is an external resistor that sets the switching frequency of the SCT2620 to 500KHz. C5... (100nF) is the bootstrap capacitor, providing voltage for the gate drive of the internal MOSFET of SCT2620. D1 (MURS120) is the freewheeling diode, providing the inductor current path when the internal switch of SCT2620 is turned off. L1 (15μH) is the energy storage inductor, which works with the internal switch of SCT2620 to achieve energy transfer and filtering. C3 (47μF), C4 (47μF) and C18 (47μF) are the output filter capacitors, smoothing the output voltage and reducing ripple. R4 (33kΩ), R6 (56kΩ) and R7 (10kΩ) are the feedback voltage divider network, used to set the output voltage of SCT2620 to 5V. C2 (3.3nF) and C17 (22pF) are the feedback compensation capacitors, improving loop stability and dynamic response. R5 (10kΩ) is the PWRGD power status indicator signal, connected to a pull-up resistor. A high level indicates normal output.

[0056] like Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment further designs the output terminal of the first conversion unit. The first conversion unit also includes a twenty-first resistor R21 and a twenty-second resistor R22. The first end of the twenty-first resistor R21 and the first end of the twenty-second resistor R22 are both connected to the output terminal VCC_5 of the SCT2620. The second end of the twenty-first resistor R21 and the second end of the twenty-second resistor R22 are both connected to the input terminal VCC_5M of the second conversion unit. VCC_5 is the 5V power output obtained through the SCT2620, and VCC_5M is the 5V power input of the second conversion unit. R21 (0Ω) and R22 (0Ω) are used as jumper resistors to realize the power / ground connection. At the same time, it is convenient to cut off the power path during debugging. The 0Ω resistor is equivalent to a disconnectable wire, which is convenient for later troubleshooting of power crosstalk and noise problems, testing noise, crosstalk or fault location. The dual 0Ω design is used for redundant connection between 5V power supplies to realize power isolation transition.

[0057] like Figure 6As shown, the second conversion unit includes a sixteenth capacitor C16, a fourteenth capacitor C14, a fifteenth capacitor C15, a step-down chip U1, a second inductor L2, a twelfth capacitor C12, a tenth capacitor C10, an eleventh capacitor C11, a twelfth resistor R12, a thirteenth resistor R13, and a thirteenth capacitor C13. The first terminal of the sixteenth capacitor C16, the first terminal of the fourteenth capacitor C14, the first terminal of the fifteenth capacitor C15, the VIN pin of the step-down chip U1, and the RUN pin of the step-down chip U1 are connected to form the input terminal VCC_5M of the second conversion unit. The input terminal VCC_5M of the second conversion unit is connected to the output terminal VCC_5M of the first conversion unit. The second terminal of the sixteenth capacitor C16, the second terminal of the fourteenth capacitor C14, the first terminal of the fifteenth capacitor C15, the second terminal of the sixteenth capacitor C16, the second terminal of the fourteenth capacitor C14, the second terminal of the fifteenth capacitor C15, and the second terminal of the first capacitor C15 are connected to the input terminal VCC_5M of the first conversion unit. The second terminal of 15 and the GND pin of the step-down chip U1 are both grounded. The first terminal of the second inductor L2 is connected to the SW pin of the step-down chip U1. The second terminal of the second inductor L2 is connected to the VFB / VOUT pin of the step-down chip U1, the first terminal of the twelfth capacitor C12, the first terminal of the tenth capacitor C10, the first terminal of the eleventh capacitor C11, and the first terminal of the twelfth resistor R12. The second terminals of the twelfth capacitor C12, the tenth capacitor C10, and the eleventh capacitor C11 are all grounded. The second terminal of the twelfth resistor R12 is connected to the first terminal of the thirteenth resistor R13, forming the output terminal VCC_3.3 of the second conversion unit. The second terminal of the thirteenth resistor R13 is connected to the first terminal of the thirteenth capacitor C13, and the second terminal of the thirteenth capacitor C13 is grounded.

[0058] In the second conversion unit, VCC_5M is the 5V power supply input. C16 (10μF), C14 (10nF), and C15 (100nF) are connected in parallel on the input pin to form a multi-capacitance filter network to suppress input ripple and high-frequency noise, providing a stable input voltage for U1 (SGM6013). U1 (SGM6013) is a synchronous buck DC-DC converter chip and is the core of the entire circuit. L2 (2.2μH) is an energy storage inductor that works with the internal switching transistors of the chip to achieve energy transfer and filtering. C12 (1μF), C10 (10μF), and C11 (10μF) are output filter capacitors that smooth the output voltage and reduce ripple. R12 (10Ω) and R13 (10kΩ) are feedback voltage divider resistors used to set the 3.3V output voltage. C13 (1μF) is used to smooth the output voltage and filter noise.

[0059] like Figure 7As shown, this embodiment further designs the output terminal of the second conversion unit. The second conversion unit also includes a 23rd resistor R23 and a 24th resistor R24. The first end of the 23rd resistor R23 and the first end of the 24th resistor R24 ​​are both connected to the output terminal VCC_3.3 of the SGM6013. The second end of the 23rd resistor R23 and the second end of the 24th resistor R24 ​​are both connected to VCC_3.3M. VCC_3.3 is the 3.3V power output obtained through the SGM6013, and VCC_3.3M is the 3.3V power input output from the power conversion module. R23 (0Ω) and R24 (0Ω) are used as jumper resistors to realize the power / ground connection and facilitate the disconnection of the power path during debugging. The 0Ω resistor is equivalent to a disconnectable wire, which is convenient for later troubleshooting of power crosstalk and noise problems, testing noise, crosstalk or fault location. The dual 0Ω design is used for redundant connection between 3.3V power supplies to realize power isolation transition.

[0060] The second conversion unit is primarily implemented using the SGM6013, packaged in an SOT-23-5 package. SOT-23-5 refers to the 5-pin version of the SOT-23 small outline transistor package, with a quiescent current of 30uA and a shutdown current of 0.1uA. Its small size and extremely low power consumption make it ideal for space-constrained, long-duration, disposable marine equipment with extreme energy efficiency requirements. The low quiescent current extends standby time, while high conversion efficiency reduces battery waste, providing more energy for valuable mission duration and data transmission. The SGM6013's external circuitry is very simple, saving PCB space, reducing BOM costs (the cost of purchasing hardware components separately), and design complexity. Its small package fits within the compact space of the equipment, enhancing reliability in harsh environments (vibration, temperature changes). The fixed output version simplifies the engineer's design work, reduces the number of components, and further improves the reliability of the equipment during marine operations.

[0061] Based on the above system's power supply battery, power-on self-locking module, and power conversion module, the working process is as follows: (1) When initially powered on, the EN pin of SCT2620 is at a low level, SCT2620 does not work, there is no power output, and the drop-off marine equipment 1 is in the off state. At this time, there is only the 2uA shutdown current of SCT2620 in the circuit, which can effectively protect the battery power and extend the life cycle of drop-off marine equipment 1.

[0062] (2) When the drop-off marine equipment 1 enters the water, the exposed electrode pair is short-circuited and conducts, J1 connected to it is short-circuited and conducts, D3 is conducts, PWR_EN is high level, SCT2620 starts to work, SCT2620 outputs 5V, and then provides 3.3V power to the microcontroller module, the third branch in the power-on self-locking module, etc. through SGM6013, and the drop-off marine equipment 1 starts to work.

[0063] (3) After the microcontroller module is powered on, the program sets the SW_EN terminal (the I / O port of the microcontroller module) as the detection terminal and the SYS_EN terminal (the I / O port of the microcontroller module) as low level. The SW_EN terminal level is continuously detected. Since the marine equipment 1 is still in the water, J1 is short-circuited and conducts, so Q1 conducts and the SW_EN terminal is low level.

[0064] (4) If the SW_EN terminal is detected to be continuously low (within the preset time of the program), that is, when the drop-off marine equipment 1 performs a status self-check before entering the water or when the drop-off marine equipment 1 is in other abnormal states that cause short-term power-on, the PWR_EN terminal will become low because the SYS_EN terminal is low, and the drop-off marine equipment 1 will immediately lose power, maintaining only the 2uA turn-off current of SCT2620.

[0065] (5) If the SW_EN terminal is continuously low (for longer than the preset time), it indicates that the drop-off marine equipment 1 has entered the water and is in a relatively stable environment. The microcontroller module will perform a power-on self-lock, that is, set the SYS_EN terminal to a high level, the drop-off marine equipment 1 will continue to be powered, the microcontroller module will officially initialize other peripherals and run the equipment, and start measurement, control and data transmission. Even if the drop-off marine equipment 1 is at the moment of leaving the water due to wave fluctuations, the drop-off marine equipment 1 will remain powered on until the work is completed.

[0066] (6) Two diodes D3 and D4 form a simple and ingenious OR gate circuit. As long as one of the inputs is high, the PWR_EN terminal will output a high level, and the SCT2620 will continuously supply power to the drop-off marine equipment 1. The microcontroller module controls the SYS_EN terminal to output a high level, and the PWR_EN terminal will output a high level. The SCT2620 will continuously supply power to the drop-off marine equipment 1. Even when the drop-off marine equipment 1 leaves the water, the entire drop-off marine equipment 1 can still maintain normal power supply.

[0067] (v) Radio power supply battery The radio power supply battery is located inside the disposable marine device 1, and any type of battery can be used for the radio power supply battery.

[0068] (vi) Radio control module The radio control module is located inside the drop-off marine equipment 1. The radio control module is electrically connected to the power conversion module, the radio power supply battery and the equipment-end data transmission radio 4. The radio control module is also communicatively connected to the microcontroller module.

[0069] When the power conversion module supplies power to the radio control module and the microcontroller module sets the control terminal of the radio control module to a high level, the radio control module is turned on, enabling the radio power supply battery to supply power to the device-side data transmission radio 4. The device-side data transmission radio 4 and the device-side transmit / receive integrated antenna 5 can communicate with external devices.

[0070] like Figure 8 As shown, the radio control module includes an optocoupler driver unit and a switching transistor driver unit. The first input terminal of the optocoupler driver unit is connected to the second output terminal VCC_3.3M of the power conversion module, and the second input terminal of the optocoupler driver unit is connected to the first output terminal VCC_5M of the power conversion module. The control terminal of the optocoupler driver unit is the control terminal of the radio control module, which is connected to the output terminal RS_EN of the microcontroller module. The output terminal of the optocoupler driver unit is connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor driver unit. The input terminal of the switching transistor driver unit is connected to the radio power supply battery VIN_2, and the output terminal of the switching transistor driver unit is the output terminal VOUT_RS of the radio control module. The output terminal of the radio control module is connected to the data transmission radio 4 at the device end. The first input terminal, the second input terminal of the optocoupler driver unit, and the input terminal of the switching transistor driver unit constitute the input terminal of the radio control module.

[0071] When the microcontroller module sets the control terminal of the radio control module to a high level, the optocoupler drive unit is turned on, the optocoupler drive unit outputs a high level, the switching transistor drive unit is turned on, and the radio control module is turned on, so that the radio power supply battery supplies power to the data transmission radio 4 at the device end.

[0072] like Figure 8As shown, the optocoupler driving unit includes a fourteenth resistor R14, a fifteenth resistor R15, an optocoupler U2, a sixteenth resistor R16, a seventeenth resistor R17, an eighteenth resistor R18, a nineteenth resistor R19, and a transistor Q3. The first terminal of the fourteenth resistor R14 is the first input terminal of the optocoupler driving unit, and the second terminal of the fourteenth resistor R14 is connected to the first terminal of the optocoupler U2. The first terminal of the fifteenth resistor R15 is the control terminal of the optocoupler driving unit, and the second terminal of the fifteenth resistor R15 is connected to the second terminal of the optocoupler U2. The third terminal of 2 is connected to the first terminal of the seventeenth resistor R17, the second terminal of the seventeenth resistor R17 is grounded, the fourth terminal of optocoupler U2 is connected to the first terminal of the sixteenth resistor R16 and the first terminal of the eighteenth resistor R18 respectively, the second terminal of the sixteenth resistor R16 is the second input terminal of the optocoupler driving unit, the second terminal of the eighteenth resistor R18 is connected to the first terminal of the nineteenth resistor R19 and the base of transistor Q3 respectively, the second terminal of the nineteenth resistor R19 and the emitter of transistor Q3 are both grounded, and the collector of transistor Q3 is the output terminal of the optocoupler driving unit.

[0073] In the optocoupler driver unit, VCC_3.3M and VCC_5M are the 3.3V and 5V power inputs output from the power conversion module, respectively. RS_EN is the I / O port of the microcontroller module, serving as the enable signal input for the optocoupler driver unit. It is active high and drives the LED inside the optocoupler to conduct. U2 (PS2801) is the optocoupler itself, providing electrical isolation between the input side (RS_EN) and the output side (VCC_5M) to prevent noise and interference transmission. R14 (400Ω) and R15 (50Ω) are current-limiting resistors to protect the optocoupler. The internal LEDs of the optocoupler are protected against overcurrent damage. R16 (1kΩ) is a pull-up resistor that pulls the output of the optocoupler to VCC_5M to provide the base drive voltage for Q3. R18 (100Ω) is a current-limiting resistor that limits the base current of Q3 to prevent overcurrent. R17 (0Ω) is a pull-down resistor that ensures that Q3 is reliably turned off when the optocoupler is not conducting. Q3 (PBSS4240T) is an NPN transistor that serves as an intermediate driver stage to amplify the optocoupler output signal and drive the downstream Q2. R19 (10kΩ) is a pull-down resistor that ensures that the gate of Q2 is reliably pulled low when Q3 is turned off.

[0074] like Figure 8 As shown, the switching transistor driving unit includes a twentieth resistor R20 and a second switching transistor Q2. The first end of the twentieth resistor R20 is connected to the gate of the second switching transistor Q2, forming the control terminal of the switching transistor driving unit. The second end of the twentieth resistor R20 is connected to the drain of the second switching transistor Q2, forming the input terminal of the switching transistor driving unit. The source of the second switching transistor Q2 is the output terminal of the switching transistor driving unit.

[0075] In the switching transistor drive unit, Q2 (SI2319DS) is a P-channel MOSFET, which acts as a power switch to control the on / off state. R20 (10kΩ) is a gate resistor that limits the gate charging current of Q2 to prevent spikes and oscillations during the switching process. When Q2 is turned on, the radio power supply battery VIN_2 outputs as VOUT_RS after passing through Q2.

[0076] The radio control module is implemented using a combination of an optocoupler PS2801, a transistor PBSS4240T, and a MOSFET SI2319DS. The microcontroller module's I / O ports control the transistor's on / off state via the optocoupler, which in turn controls the MOSFET's on / off state. When the microcontroller module controls the RS_EN terminal output to a high level, the transistor and MOSFET are turned on, and the radio power supply battery VIN_2 outputs VOUT_RS through the conducting path, supplying power to the device's data transmission radio 4. When the microcontroller module controls the RS_EN terminal output to a low level, the transistor and MOSFET are not turned on, and the radio power supply battery VIN_2 cannot output VOUT_RS through the non-conducting path, thus failing to supply power to the device's data transmission radio 4.

[0077] Figures 3-8 In the diagram, TP represents test points. Specifically, TP0 is the input voltage test point for the system power supply battery, TP1 is the EN pin enable test point for the SCT2620, TP2 is the SYS_EN enable test point, TP3 is the PWR_EN enable test point, TP4 is the SW_EN enable test point, TP5 is the 5V input voltage test point, TP6 is the 3.3V output voltage test point, TP7 is the RS_EN enable test point, TP8 is the VOUT_RS output voltage test point (for easy debugging and measurement), TP9 is the input voltage test point for the radio power supply battery, and TP10 is the 5V output voltage test point for the SCT2620.

[0078] (vii) Equipment-side data transmission radio 4 and equipment-side integrated transmit and receive antenna 5 Both the device-side data transmission radio 4 and the device-side integrated transmitting and receiving antenna 5 are installed on the drop-off marine equipment 1. The device-side data transmission radio 4 is connected to the device-side integrated transmitting and receiving antenna 5, the device-side data transmission radio 4 is electrically connected to the radio control module, and the device-side data transmission radio 4 is communicatively connected to the microcontroller module.

[0079] The device-side data radio 4 is responsible for transmitting and receiving digital signals, while the device-side transmit and receive integrated antenna 5 has both radio signal transmission and reception functions. The two work together to achieve long-distance wireless data transmission.

[0080] (viii) Measurement sensor module The measurement sensor module is located inside the drop-off marine equipment 1. The measurement sensor module is electrically connected to the power conversion module and is communicatively connected to the microcontroller module.

[0081] The measurement sensor module is used to collect marine environmental data and transmit the marine environmental data to the microcontroller module. The marine environmental data includes marine hydrological information, specifically marine environmental data such as temperature, salinity, waves, tides, currents, water quality, and water depth. The measurement sensor module can also be used to collect the position and attitude information of the drop-off marine equipment 1.

[0082] The drop-off marine equipment 1 provided in this embodiment has power management and data transmission functions. It adopts an intelligent power-on self-locking circuit that is reliably triggered upon entering the water, self-locks to maintain power supply after a single trigger, and does not accidentally shut down upon leaving the water. The circuit is extremely simple, the material cost is low, and the static or shutdown power consumption is extremely low, with a maximum of uA, making it very suitable for battery-powered drop-off marine equipment 1.

[0083] The drop-off marine equipment 1 provided in this embodiment has the following advantages: (1) Ensure continuous operation after deployment. Before being deployed into the water, the disposable marine device 1 is in a completely powered-off sleep state, saving energy and ensuring safety. When the disposable marine device 1 comes into contact with seawater, the circuit is triggered, and the disposable marine device 1 is powered on and self-locked. This means that even if the disposable marine device 1 is temporarily lifted off the water surface by waves (the short circuit point in the water is disconnected), the power supply will be locked, continuously supplying power to the disposable marine device 1, preventing the task from being interrupted, data from being lost, devices from being damaged, or the system from restarting due to power failure when it is briefly removed from the water surface.

[0084] (2) Prevent accidental triggering and interference During transportation, storage, or installation, even if a small amount of water splashes onto the disposable marine equipment 1, the circuit will not start as long as the preset triggering conditions are not met (such as the electrodes not being fully immersed at the same time, less than the preset time). This avoids accidental activation in non-target environments (such as on a deck).

[0085] (3) Realize intelligent power management The main power switch for the drop-off marine equipment 1 is set so that the equipment is only activated after it is confirmed to be in the working environment (underwater), which greatly extends the standby time before deployment. The OR gate function is implemented through clever circuit design and combined with the microcontroller module to design a low-cost, reliable and stable power-on / power-off logic.

[0086] The disposable marine device 1 in this embodiment also features extremely low cost and simplicity: as a disposable consumable, the circuit must be extremely simple and the material cost must be extremely low. It is almost impossible to use expensive corrosion-resistant materials or complex controllers. This embodiment does not use phase-locked loop circuits or complex chip circuits. The design concept is simple and uses simple components.

[0087] The drop-off marine device 1 in this embodiment also features full autonomy and zero maintenance: from triggering to the completion of data transmission, the entire process is unmanned.

[0088] Example 2 This embodiment provides a marine observation system, such as Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the marine observation system includes: a mobile water platform 6 and a drop-off marine device 1 as described in Example 1, with the mobile water platform 6 and the drop-off marine device 1 being communicatively connected.

[0089] The waterborne mobile platform 6 is equipped with a display and control terminal 7, a platform-side data transmission radio 8, and a platform-side integrated transmitting and receiving antenna 9. The display and control terminal 7 is connected to the platform-side data transmission radio 8, and the platform-side data transmission radio 8 is connected to the platform-side integrated transmitting and receiving antenna 9.

[0090] Specifically, a display and control terminal 7 and a platform-end data transmission radio 8 are placed on the waterborne mobile platform 6. A relatively unobstructed area 10 is selected on the waterborne mobile platform 6, and a platform-end transmitting and receiving integrated antenna 9 is placed on the unobstructed area 10. The display and control terminal 7, the platform-end data transmission radio 8, and the platform-end transmitting and receiving integrated antenna 9 are reliably and stably connected together.

[0091] At this time, the marine observation system mainly consists of three parts: a power management unit, a data transmission unit, and a platform telemetry and control unit. The platform telemetry and control unit mainly includes a display and control terminal 7 and a platform-end data transmission radio 8.

[0092] Once the platform and the device can communicate normally (through two data transmission radios), the platform can send measurement and control commands to the device, including measurement self-test commands, measurement start commands, measurement stop commands, and measurement end commands. The device can send the measurement information acquired by the measurement sensor module to the platform.

[0093] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, data stored, data displayed, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use and processing of related data must comply with relevant regulations and be authorized by the owner of the corresponding device.

[0094] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0095] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A drop-off marine device, characterized in that, The drop-off marine equipment includes: electrode pairs and a system power supply battery, a power-on self-locking module, a power conversion module, and a microcontroller module located inside the drop-off marine equipment. The power-on self-locking module includes a first branch, a second branch, and a third branch. The system power supply battery is electrically connected to the first branch and the power conversion module, respectively. The first branch, the second branch, and the third branch are all electrically connected to the power conversion module. The first branch and the third branch are electrically connected. The power conversion module is electrically connected to the microcontroller module, and the microcontroller module is communicatively connected to the second branch and the third branch, respectively. The power conversion module is used to operate when the first branch or the second branch outputs a high level, converting the output voltage of the system power supply battery to power the third branch and the microcontroller module. The electrode pair is installed on a drop-off marine device. The first end of the electrode pair is located outside the drop-off marine device, and the second end of the electrode pair is electrically connected to the first branch. The electrode pair can be short-circuited and conduct when it enters the water. When the electrode pair is short-circuited and conducts, the first branch conducts and outputs a high level, while the third branch outputs a low level. The microcontroller module is used to start timing the duration of the high-level output of the first branch when the first branch outputs a high level, and simultaneously set the second branch output to a low level. When the duration of the high-level output of the first branch exceeds a preset time, it determines that the drop-off marine equipment has entered the ocean, sets the second branch output to a high level, and controls the drop-off marine equipment to perform self-locking operation.

2. The drop-off marine equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrode pair includes a first electrode and a second electrode. The first end of the first electrode and the first end of the second electrode form the first end of the electrode pair, and the second end of the first electrode and the second end of the second electrode form the second end of the electrode pair. The first electrode and the second electrode are made of the same material. Both the first electrode and the second electrode are made of metallic materials that are conductive when in contact with water. Metallic materials that are conductive when in contact with water include copper, silver, gold and aluminum.

3. The drop-off marine equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first branch includes an eighth resistor, a water ingress detection interface, and a third diode. The first end of the eighth resistor is the input terminal of the first branch, which is connected to the system power supply battery. The second end of the eighth resistor is connected to the first end of the water ingress detection interface, which is the first output terminal of the first branch. The first output terminal of the first branch is connected to the first input terminal of the third branch. The second end of the water ingress detection interface is connected to the anode of the third diode, and the cathode of the third diode is the second output terminal of the first branch. The second output terminal of the first branch is connected to the first input terminal of the power conversion module. The water ingress detection interface is connected to the second end of the electrode pair. When the electrode pair is short-circuited and conducting, the water ingress detection interface is turned on, the first branch is turned on, and both the first and second output terminals of the first branch output a high level. The second branch includes a 25th resistor and a 4th diode. The first end of the 25th resistor is the input terminal of the second branch, which is connected to the output terminal of the microcontroller module. The second end of the 25th resistor is connected to the anode of the 4th diode, and the cathode of the 4th diode is the output terminal of the second branch. The output terminal of the second branch is connected to the first input terminal of the power conversion module. When the microcontroller module sets the input terminal of the second branch to a high level, the output terminal of the second branch outputs a high level; when the microcontroller module sets the input terminal of the second branch to a low level, the output terminal of the second branch outputs a low level. The third branch includes an eleventh resistor, a first switching transistor, and a tenth resistor. The first end of the eleventh resistor is the second input terminal of the third branch, which is connected to the second output terminal of the power conversion module. The second end of the eleventh resistor is the output terminal of the third branch, which is connected to the input terminal of the microcontroller module. The second end of the eleventh resistor is connected to the drain of the first switching transistor, the source of the first switching transistor is grounded, and the gate of the first switching transistor is connected to the first end of the tenth resistor, forming the first input terminal of the third branch. The first input terminal of the third branch is connected to the first output terminal of the first branch, and the second end of the tenth resistor is grounded. When the first output terminal of the first branch outputs a high level, the output terminal of the third branch outputs a low level.

4. The drop-off marine equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power conversion module includes a power input unit, a power indicator unit, a first conversion unit, and a second conversion unit. The input terminal of the power input unit is the second input terminal of the power conversion module, which is connected to the system power supply battery. The first output terminal of the power input unit is connected to the first input terminal of the power indicator unit. The second input terminal of the power indicator unit is connected to the output terminal of the second conversion unit. The output terminal of the power indicator unit is connected to the input terminal of the microcontroller module. The second output terminal of the power input unit is connected to the first input terminal of the first conversion unit. The second input terminal of the first conversion unit is the first input terminal of the power conversion module. The first input terminal of the power conversion module is connected to the second output terminal of the first branch and the output terminal of the second branch, respectively. The third input terminal of the first conversion unit is connected to the output terminal of the second conversion unit. The output terminal of the first conversion unit is the first output terminal of the power conversion module. The output terminal of the first conversion unit is connected to the input terminal of the second conversion unit. The output terminal of the second conversion unit is the second output terminal of the power conversion module. The second output terminal of the power conversion module is connected to the second input terminal of the third branch and the input terminal of the microcontroller module, respectively. The power indicator unit is used to indicate to the microcontroller module whether the system power supply battery is supplying power normally. The first conversion unit is used to convert the output voltage of the system power supply battery into a first operating voltage when the first branch outputs a high level or the second branch outputs a high level. The second conversion unit is used to convert the first operating voltage into a second operating voltage.

5. The drop-off marine equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first conversion unit includes a 26th resistor, a first resistor, and a step-down chip. The first end of the 26th resistor is the second input terminal of the first conversion unit. The second end of the 26th resistor is connected to the first end of the first resistor and the EN pin of the step-down chip. The second end of the first resistor is grounded. The VIN pin of the step-down chip is the first input terminal of the first conversion unit. The 26th resistor has a resistance of 160kΩ, and the first resistor has a resistance of 10kΩ. The 26th resistor and the first resistor form a voltage divider and current limiting circuit. The voltage divider and current limiting circuit is used to prevent damage to the step-down chip due to instability when the electrode pair is short-circuited and conducting. The step-down chip is used to convert the output voltage of the system power supply battery into the first working voltage.

6. The drop-off marine equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drop-off marine equipment also includes: a radio power supply battery, a radio control module, an equipment-side data transmission radio, and an equipment-side integrated transmitting and receiving antenna. The radio power supply battery and the radio control module are both located inside the drop-off marine equipment. The equipment-side data transmission radio and the equipment-side integrated transmitting and receiving antenna are both installed on the drop-off marine equipment. The radio power supply battery is electrically connected to the radio control module. The radio control module is electrically connected to the power conversion module and the equipment-side data transmission radio, respectively. The equipment-side data transmission radio is connected to the equipment-side integrated transmitting and receiving antenna. The radio control module and the equipment-side data transmission radio are both communicatively connected to the microcontroller module. When the power conversion module supplies power to the radio control module and the microcontroller module sets the control terminal of the radio control module to a high level, the radio control module is turned on, enabling the radio power supply battery to supply power to the device-side data transmission radio. The device-side data transmission radio and the device-side transmit / receive integrated antenna can then communicate with external devices.

7. The drop-off marine equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, The radio control module includes an optocoupler driver unit and a switching transistor driver unit. The first input terminal of the optocoupler driver unit is connected to the second output terminal of the power conversion module, and the second input terminal of the optocoupler driver unit is connected to the first output terminal of the power conversion module. The control terminal of the optocoupler driver unit is the control terminal of the radio control module, which is connected to the output terminal of the microcontroller module. The output terminal of the optocoupler driver unit is connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor driver unit, and the input terminal of the switching transistor driver unit is connected to the radio power supply battery. The output terminal of the switching transistor driver unit is the output terminal of the radio control module, which is connected to the data transmission radio at the device end. The first input terminal, the second input terminal of the optocoupler driver unit, and the input terminal of the switching transistor driver unit together constitute the input terminal of the radio control module. When the microcontroller module sets the control terminal of the radio control module to a high level, the optocoupler driver unit is turned on, the optocoupler driver unit outputs a high level, the switching transistor driver unit is turned on, and the radio control module is turned on, so that the radio power supply battery supplies power to the data transmission radio at the device end.

8. The drop-off marine equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that, The optocoupler driving unit includes a fourteenth resistor, a fifteenth resistor, an optocoupler, a sixteenth resistor, a seventeenth resistor, an eighteenth resistor, a nineteenth resistor, and a transistor. The first end of the fourteenth resistor is the first input terminal of the optocoupler driving unit. The second end of the fourteenth resistor is connected to the first end of the optocoupler. The first end of the fifteenth resistor is the control terminal of the optocoupler driving unit. The second end of the fifteenth resistor is connected to the second end of the optocoupler. The third end of the optocoupler is connected to the first end of the seventeenth resistor. The second end of the seventeenth resistor is grounded. The fourth end of the optocoupler is connected to the first ends of the sixteenth and eighteenth resistors respectively. The second end of the sixteenth resistor is the second input terminal of the optocoupler driving unit. The second end of the eighteenth resistor is connected to the first end of the nineteenth resistor and the base of the transistor respectively. The second end of the nineteenth resistor and the emitter of the transistor are both grounded. The collector of the transistor is the output terminal of the optocoupler driving unit. The switching transistor driving unit includes a twentieth resistor and a second switching transistor. The first end of the twentieth resistor is connected to the gate of the second switching transistor, forming the control terminal of the switching transistor driving unit. The second end of the twentieth resistor is connected to the drain of the second switching transistor, forming the input terminal of the switching transistor driving unit. The source of the second switching transistor is the output terminal of the switching transistor driving unit.

9. The drop-off marine equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drop-off marine equipment also includes: a measurement sensor module, which is located inside the drop-off marine equipment, is electrically connected to the power conversion module, and is communicatively connected to the microcontroller module. The measurement sensor module is used to collect marine environmental data and transmit the marine environmental data to the microcontroller module.

10. A marine observation system, characterized in that, The marine observation system includes: a mobile surface platform and a drop-off marine device as described in any one of claims 1-9, wherein the mobile surface platform is communicatively connected to the drop-off marine device; The mobile water platform is equipped with a display and control terminal, a platform-side data transmission radio, and a platform-side integrated transmitting and receiving antenna. The display and control terminal is connected to the platform-side data transmission radio, and the platform-side data transmission radio is connected to the platform-side integrated transmitting and receiving antenna.

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