Insulating and heat-insulating super-hydrophobic anti-icing coating material, preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of coatings, in particular to an insulating and heat-insulating super-hydrophobic anti-icing coating as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The coating comprises an insulating and heat-insulating primer and a super-hydrophobic anti-icing topcoat. The insulating and heat-insulating primer comprises 2-6 parts of hydrogenated rosin, 8-15 parts of silicone resin, 0.1-0.5 parts of dimethyl dibutyl ketoxime silane, 0.2-0.6 parts of 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, 15-28 parts of heat-insulating fillers, 15-28 parts of insulating fillers, 0.2-0.6 parts of ethyl cellulose and 40-65 parts of a first solvent. The super-hydrophobic anti-icing topcoat comprises 1-3 parts of hydrogenated rosin, 1-4 parts of tridecafluoro octyl trimethoxysilane, 3-7 parts of hydrophobic fillers, 3-6 parts of hollow glass microbeads, 0.2-1.5 parts of ethyl cellulose and 85-95 parts of a second solvent. The coating has excellent electrical insulation performance and super-hydrophobic characteristics, a water contact angle greater than 155 degrees, a rolling angle less than 10 degrees and excellent anti-icing performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coating technology, specifically to an insulating, heat-insulating, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coating, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Icing disasters are one of the major natural disasters faced by power grids, wind power, and other fields. In the cold and damp winter environment, transmission lines, wind turbine blades, and other equipment are prone to icing, which can easily lead to faults such as line breaks, tower collapses, and ice flashover tripping, seriously threatening the stable operation of equipment. Current anti-icing methods are divided into active de-icing and passive de-icing. Active de-icing has drawbacks such as high equipment investment, high energy consumption, and easy damage to equipment. Passive de-icing, such as coating protection, has become the mainstream approach to anti-icing due to its simple operation and low cost.

[0003] However, existing anti-icing coatings still have the following technical defects: (1) When exposed to ultraviolet rays and mechanical friction for a long time, the hydrophobic properties of the coating (such as water contact angle and roll-off angle) decrease significantly; (2) Traditional anti-icing coatings lack the ability to actively de-ic, and they only rely on the passive anti-icing effect of the coating. Under continuous low temperature and high humidity conditions, icing may still occur; (3) Current anti-icing coatings mostly focus on superhydrophobic properties, but these anti-icing coatings have almost zero anti-icing ability under climatic conditions such as rime, and their insulation performance is often poor, while the hydrophobic and anti-icing effects of insulating coatings are also lacking.

[0004] Therefore, existing anti-icing coatings or superhydrophobic coatings are insufficient to provide strong and lasting protection for power grid lines under complex outdoor climatic conditions in winter. There is an urgent need to develop a new type of protective material that combines insulation, superhydrophobicity, and strong anti-icing capabilities. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides an insulating, heat-insulating, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coating, its preparation method, and its application. The insulating, heat-insulating, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coating has excellent electrical insulation properties and superhydrophobic characteristics in natural environments, with a water contact angle greater than 155°, a roll-off angle less than 10°, and excellent anti-icing performance.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, this invention provides an insulating, heat-insulating, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coating, comprising an insulating and heat-insulating primer and a superhydrophobic and anti-icing topcoat; wherein, by weight parts, The insulating and heat-insulating primer includes: Hydrogenated rosin 2-6 parts, silicone resin 8-15 parts, dimethyl dibutyl ketone oxime silane 0.1-0.5 parts, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane 0.2-0.6 parts, thermal insulation filler 15-28 parts, thermal insulation and insulating filler 15-28 parts, ethyl cellulose 0.2-0.6 parts, first solvent 40-65 parts; The superhydrophobic, anti-icing coating includes: 1-3 parts hydrogenated rosin, 1-4 parts tridefluorooctyltrimethoxysilane, 3-7 parts hydrophobic filler, 3-6 parts hollow glass microspheres, 0.2-1.5 parts ethyl cellulose, and 85-95 parts secondary solvent.

[0007] The insulating, heat-insulating, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coating provided by this invention includes an insulating and heat-insulating primer and a superhydrophobic and anti-icing topcoat. By combining the topcoat and primer with different compositions and properties, a more comprehensive anti-icing coating is obtained.

[0008] Among them, the insulating and heat-insulating primer uses hydrogenated rosin, silicone resin, dimethyl dibutyl ketone oxime silane, and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as the main film-forming substances. The film formed by the cross-linking of hydrogenated rosin, silicone resin, and dimethyl dibutyl ketone oxime silane is strong and wear-resistant, with obvious insulation and heat-insulating effects. The film has the characteristics of aging resistance, high adhesion strength, and excellent electrical properties, providing basic performance guarantee for anti-icing coatings. The heat-insulating and heat-insulating fillers provide heat insulation and insulation properties for the coating primer, effectively blocking the heat exchange between the substrate and the external environment, and keeping the surface temperature of the coating as high as possible above the dew point temperature of condensation, thus avoiding the formation of condensation and significantly reducing the amount of ice and delaying the freezing time. The addition of ethyl cellulose can adjust the fluid state of the coating and meet the requirement of thick coating without sagging during construction. The superhydrophobic anti-icing topcoat uses hydrogenated rosin as the main film-forming substance, which can ensure that the coating has high strength without affecting its hydrophobicity. Tridecafluorooctyltrimethoxysilane can impart a dry film to the coating after the resin film is dried, improving the overall hydrophobicity of the coating. The addition of hydrophobic fillers can ensure good hydrophobicity of the coating surface. The spherical structure of the hollow glass microspheres can build an uneven outer surface, satisfying the micro-nano uneven structure of the lotus leaf effect. At the same time, the high hardness of the hollow glass microspheres can also increase wear resistance. Ethyl cellulose is used to adjust the fluid state of the coating liquid and assist the resin film formation.

[0009] Preferably, the insulating and heat-insulating primer comprises, by weight, the following: 3-5 parts hydrogenated rosin, 9-13 parts silicone resin, 0.1-0.3 parts dimethyl dibutyl ketone oxime silane, 0.2-0.5 parts 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 18-27 parts thermal insulation filler, 17-26 parts thermal insulation filler, 0.2-0.5 parts ethyl cellulose, and 40-60 parts primary solvent.

[0010] Preferably, the superhydrophobic anti-icing topcoat comprises, by weight parts: Hydrogenated rosin 1.5-2 parts, tridecafluorooctyltrimethoxysilane 1-3 parts, hydrophobic filler 3.5-6 parts, hollow glass microspheres 3.5-5 parts, ethyl cellulose 0.5-1 part, second solvent 90-92 parts.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, the thermal insulation filler is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-2 parts aerogel powder, 3-5 parts nano-ceramic powder, 1-2 parts nano-silica powder, 8-10 parts nano-titanium dioxide powder, and 5-8 parts hollow glass microspheres; the thermal insulation filler includes 5-8 parts decabromodiphenyl ether, 7-10 parts ammonium polyphosphate, and 5-8 parts melamine cyanurate.

[0012] In this invention, aerogel powder, nano-ceramic powder, nano-silica powder, and hollow glass microspheres are the main materials for thermal insulation. By combining powders of different particle sizes and types, the thermal insulation effect of the coating is maximized, significantly reducing the dew point and condensation. Aerogel powder also improves the electrical properties of the coating. Furthermore, nano-titanium dioxide, by reflecting nearly 100% of the thermal infrared spectrum of sunlight, maintains the temperature difference between the coating and the ambient temperature under outdoor conditions, blocking thermal bridging, preventing the occurrence of the condensation threshold, physically controlling condensation and dew point, and reducing condensation.

[0013] In the above-mentioned heat insulation and insulating filler selected in this invention, melamine cyanurate is used in combination with ammonium polyphosphate and decabromodiphenyl ether. It not only has the functions of heat insulation and insulation, but melamine cyanurate, as a flame retardant component, can also improve the flame retardant rating of the coating, enrich the coating performance, and improve the safety of the coating in use.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect, the first solvent is a mixture of butyl acetate, toluene, and xylene, and the second solvent is selected from at least one of acetone, dichloromethane, and tetrahydrofuran; in the first solvent, the mass percentages of butyl acetate, toluene, and xylene are 45%-55%, 15%-20%, and 25%-40%, respectively.

[0015] Preferably, the first solvent is a mixture of acetone, dichloromethane, and tetrahydrofuran in a mass ratio of 1:2-4:0.8-1.2.

[0016] In conjunction with the first aspect, the hydrophobic filler is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3.5-5.5 parts of hydrophobic fumed silica and 0.35-0.5 parts of hydrophobic precipitated silica; the hollow glass microspheres have a particle size of 40-50 μm.

[0017] Hydrophobic fumed silica is obtained through a fumed process. It has a lower density and tends to suspend in the upper middle part of the coating (i.e., the relatively outer layer). Hydrophobic precipitated silica is obtained through a precipitation process. It has a higher density and tends to concentrate in the lower middle part of the coating (i.e., the relatively inner layer). This invention utilizes the difference in density between hydrophobic fumed silica and hydrophobic precipitated silica to create a more substantial and compact superhydrophobic micro / nano structure on the coating surface, thereby ensuring the topcoat exhibits excellent superhydrophobic properties and abrasion resistance.

[0018] In conjunction with the first aspect, the hollow glass microspheres have a particle size of 40-50 μm. Hollow glass microspheres within this particle size range can play a key role in the construction of the micro-convex physical structure after the dry film. As a reinforcement of hydrophobic properties, the hollow glass microspheres can enhance the hydrophobic effect. Furthermore, the hollow glass microspheres themselves have thermal insulation and electrical insulation effects, and their high hardness can also enhance the wear resistance of the coating.

[0019] Preferably, the hollow glass microspheres have a particle size of 45 μm.

[0020] In conjunction with the first aspect, the aerogel powder has a particle size of 10-25 μm, the nano-ceramic powder has a particle size of 350-450 nm, the nano-silica powder has a particle size of 15-25 nm, the nano-titanium dioxide powder has a particle size of 20-50 nm, and the hollow glass microspheres have a particle size of 70-90 μm.

[0021] Aerogel powder, nano-ceramic powder, nano-silica powder, nano-titanium dioxide powder, and hollow glass microspheres within the aforementioned particle size range are used in combination. By combining filler materials with different particle sizes and densities, the role of each material is fully utilized to ensure optimal insulation and heat insulation performance.

[0022] Preferably, the aerogel powder has a particle size of 15-20 μm, the nano-ceramic powder has a particle size of 380-420 nm, the nano-silica powder has a particle size of 18-23 nm, the nano-titanium dioxide powder has a particle size of 30-40 nm, and the hollow glass microspheres have a particle size of 75-85 μm.

[0023] In conjunction with the first aspect, the particle size of the hydrophobic fumed silica is 10-15 μm, and the particle size of the hydrophobic precipitated silica is 5-7 μm.

[0024] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned insulating, heat-insulating, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coating, including the preparation of the insulating and heat-insulating primer and the superhydrophobic and anti-icing topcoat; The preparation of the insulating and heat-insulating primer includes the following steps: According to the design ratio, the hydrogenated rosin and silicone resin are added to a first solvent accounting for 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the mass of the first solvent. After complete dissolution, the mixture is heated and stirred to obtain a first slurry. The thermal insulation filler, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, thermal insulation filler, and ethyl cellulose are added to the remaining first solvent and stirred at high speed to obtain a second slurry. The first and second slurries are mixed, and dimethyl dibutyl ketone oxime silane is added to the mixture and stirred to obtain the thermal insulation primer. The preparation of the superhydrophobic anti-icing topcoat includes the following steps: Under stirring conditions, the designed proportions of the hydrophobic filler, hollow glass microspheres, tridecafluorooctyltrimethoxysilane, hydrogenated rosin, and ethyl cellulose are added to the second solvent, and the mixture is stirred at high speed to obtain the superhydrophobic anti-icing topcoat.

[0025] The method for preparing insulating, heat-insulating, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coatings provided by this invention involves dispersing each raw material in a solvent according to a designed ratio, and then stirring to obtain the corresponding primer and topcoat. The preparation steps are simple and easy to scale up for production.

[0026] For example, when preparing the first slurry of the primer, hydrogenated rosin resin and silicone resin are added to 1 / 2 of the first solvent, and after complete dissolution, the mixture is stirred at 100-120°C and 600-800 rpm for at least 4 hours.

[0027] For example, when preparing the second slurry of the primer, all raw materials are added to the remaining first solvent and stirred at a high speed of 1200-1500 rpm for at least 4 hours to make the coating components uniform.

[0028] For example, after adding dimethyl dibutyl ketone oxime silane to the mixture of the first slurry and the second slurry, the mixture is stirred at 800-1000 rpm for 10-15 minutes and then filtered through a 300-mesh filter cloth to obtain an insulating and heat-insulating primer.

[0029] For example, when preparing a superhydrophobic anti-icing topcoat, the raw materials are mixed in a second solvent and stirred at a high speed of 1200-1500 rpm for at least 1 hour to make the coating components uniform.

[0030] During the preparation of primer and topcoat, when adding each raw material to the corresponding solvent, ensure that each raw material is stirred for 10-15 minutes after addition before adding the next raw material to avoid agglomeration or clumping during the preparation process.

[0031] For example, in preparing the topcoat, under stirring conditions, the designed proportion of hydrophobic filler is added to the second solvent and stirred for 10 minutes, then hollow glass microspheres are added and stirred for 10 minutes, then tridecafluorooctyltrimethoxysilane is added and stirred for 10 minutes, then hydrogenated rosin is added and stirred for 10 minutes, then ethyl cellulose is added, and then the mixture is stirred at high speed to obtain the superhydrophobic anti-icing topcoat.

[0032] A third aspect of the present invention provides an insulating, heat-insulating, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coating, the coating comprising an insulating and heat-insulating primer and a superhydrophobic and anti-icing topcoat, wherein the primer has a film thickness of not less than 1 mm and the topcoat has a film thickness of not less than 10 μm.

[0033] In practical applications, the film thickness of the primer and topcoat can be adjusted appropriately according to the requirements of insulation and heat insulation.

[0034] The present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned insulating, heat-insulating, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coating or the insulating, heat-insulating, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coating prepared according to the above preparation method in power cables, building materials, vehicles, and industrial facilities.

[0035] Applying the insulating, heat-insulating, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coating provided by this invention to power cables or insulators can not only effectively prevent corrosion, wear, and damage to power lines caused by the external environment, but also, due to its heat insulation function, keep the temperature of the substrate and coating surface as high as possible above the ambient temperature, thereby relatively lowering the dew point of condensation, reducing condensation, and thus reducing icing caused by condensation.

[0036] In addition, this anti-icing coating has the advantages of easy application, fast drying, and short construction cycle, which can solve the anti-icing needs of various outdoor equipment prone to icing. In practical application, the primer is first applied to the substrate surface, and after the primer coating is surface dry, the topcoat is applied on the surface.

[0037] The insulating, heat-insulating, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coating provided by this invention not only possesses excellent electrical, mechanical, and weather-resistant properties, but also exhibits heat insulation and superhydrophobic properties. It can minimize condensation of water vapor in the environment on the coating surface. The coating formed by this material has a significant inhibitory effect on liquid or solid precipitation, greatly reducing the amount of ice forming on the substrate surface, delaying the icing time, and effectively preventing icing. Combining the characteristics of anti-condensation and superhydrophobic coating, this coating can effectively prevent icing under any weather conditions outdoors. Applying this coating to the surface of power equipment or other equipment requiring anti-icing properties can significantly improve their operational reliability in harsh environments, providing important protection for the safe and stable operation of mechanical equipment.

[0038] This invention, through specific selection of the formulation composition, yields a superhydrophobic coating with a water contact angle greater than 155° and a water roll-off angle less than 10°. Furthermore, this coating not only possesses thermal insulation properties, ensuring the substrate surface temperature is as high as possible above the ambient temperature to reduce condensation, but the coating surface can also withstand a high voltage of approximately 19.7 kW for 100 seconds without breakdown, demonstrating excellent insulation performance. Moreover, the cured coating exhibits good abrasion resistance; after 30 rounds of polishing with 320-grit sandpaper under a 500g load, the water contact angle remains no less than 155°. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 The image shows the hydrophobic effect of the coating obtained in Example 1. Figure 2 Photos taken on-site to test the anti-condensation effect of the coating obtained in Example 1; Figure 3 Photos taken on-site to test the hydrophobic and anti-icing effect of the coating obtained in Example 1; Figure 4 Field photos taken to test the electrical properties of the coating obtained in Example 1; Figure 5 Photos taken on-site to test the thermal insulation performance of the coating obtained in Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0041] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in general dictionaries should be understood to have the meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless specifically defined.

[0042] Existing anti-icing coatings or superhydrophobic coatings have relatively limited performance and are insufficient to provide effective and long-lasting protection for power grid lines under complex outdoor weather conditions in winter. The inventors conducted in-depth research on anti-icing coatings, combining outdoor icing forms with the behavior of water in its solid, gas, and liquid states at low temperatures and in critical states. They discovered that superhydrophobic coatings have a certain effect on delaying icing and preventing ice condensation. However, outdoor icing forms are complex and diverse, and a single superhydrophobic property cannot meet the anti-icing requirements of multiple icing forms under real-world conditions. For example, in rime conditions, the anti-icing ability of superhydrophobic coatings is almost zero, and their insulation properties are relatively lacking. Therefore, combining the requirements for insulation performance, the inventors developed a multifunctional coating including a primer and a topcoat. The primer not only provides insulation and heat insulation, ensuring the surface temperature of the substrate coating is above the dew point and preventing condensation, but the superhydrophobic micro-nano structure and low surface energy of the topcoat can meet the anti-icing requirements of various outdoor icing forms. Furthermore, the insulating, heat-insulating, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coating provided by this invention is easy to apply, dries quickly, has a short construction cycle, is weather-resistant and wear-resistant, and can be adapted to complex outdoor high and low temperature and high humidity environments for a long time, thereby providing good protection for the substrate and improving the operational stability and service life of the substrate.

[0043] The present invention will be described in detail below through specific embodiments.

[0044] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials, reagents and equipment used in this invention are all conventional commercially available reagents and equipment.

[0045] In the following embodiments or comparative examples of the present invention, the hollow glass microspheres used have a particle size of 40-50 μm; the aerogel powder has a particle size of 10-25 μm; the nano-ceramic powder has a particle size of 350-450 nm; the nano-silica powder has a particle size of 15-25 nm; the nano-titanium dioxide powder has a particle size of 20-50 nm; the hollow glass microspheres have a particle size of 70-90 μm; the hydrophobic fumed silica has a particle size of 10-15 μm; the hydrophobic precipitated silica has a particle size of 5-7 μm; the nano-carbon black powder has a particle size of 20-30 nm; the nano-fullerene has a particle size of 48 nm; the nano-iron oxide powder has a particle size of 20-50 nm; and the CAS number of ethyl cellulose is 9004-57-3.

[0046] Example 1 This embodiment provides an insulating, heat-insulating, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coating, comprising an insulating and heat-insulating primer and a superhydrophobic and anti-icing topcoat; wherein, by weight parts, The insulating and heat-insulating primer includes: 4 parts hydrogenated rosin, 11 parts silicone resin, 0.2 parts dimethyl dibutyl ketone oxime silane, 0.35 parts 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 22.3 parts heat-insulating filler (including 1.3 parts aerogel powder, 4 parts nano-ceramic powder, 1.5 parts nano-silica powder, 9 parts nano-titanium dioxide powder, and 6.5 parts hollow glass microspheres), 22 parts heat-insulating and insulating filler (including 6.5 parts decabromodiphenyl ether, 8.5 parts ammonium polyphosphate, and 7 parts melamine cyanurate), 0.3 parts ethyl cellulose, and 50 parts primary solvent (25 parts butyl acetate, 10 parts toluene, and 15 parts xylene).

[0047] The superhydrophobic anti-icing topcoat includes: 1.7 parts hydrogenated rosin, 2 parts tridecafluorooctyltrimethoxysilane, 5 parts hydrophobic filler (including 4.6 parts hydrophobic fumed silica and 0.4 parts hydrophobic precipitated silica), 4.5 parts hollow glass microspheres, 0.7 parts ethyl cellulose, and 90 parts acetone.

[0048] This insulating, heat-resistant, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coating is prepared according to the following method: Preparation of insulating and heat-insulating primer: According to the formula of this embodiment, weigh out each raw material, take a clean anhydrous reaction vessel, add hydrogenated rosin and silicone resin respectively, add 25 parts of the first solvent and stir. After dissolving, heat to 110°C and stir at 700 rpm for 4 hours to obtain the first slurry. Take another clean anhydrous reaction vessel, add 25 parts of the first solvent, and while stirring, add heat-insulating filler, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, heat-insulating filler and ethyl cellulose. Stir for 15 minutes after each raw material is added before adding the next raw material. After all raw materials are added, stir at high speed of 1300 rpm for 4 hours to obtain the second slurry. Take another clean anhydrous vessel, add the first slurry and the second slurry separately while stirring, and finally add dimethyl dibutyl ketone oxime silane. Stir at 900 rpm for 10 minutes, filter with 300 mesh filter cloth to obtain an insulating and heat-insulating primer.

[0049] Preparation of superhydrophobic anti-icing topcoat: Weigh each raw material according to the formula of this embodiment. Take a clean, anhydrous container, add 90 parts of solvent, and while stirring, add hydrophobic filler, hollow glass microspheres, tridecafluorooctyltrimethoxysilane, hydrogenated rosin, and ethyl cellulose. After each raw material is added, stir for 10 minutes before adding the next raw material. After all raw materials are added, stir at 1300 rpm for 1 hour, filter, and obtain a superhydrophobic anti-icing topcoat.

[0050] Example 2 This embodiment provides an insulating, heat-insulating, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coating, comprising an insulating and heat-insulating primer and a superhydrophobic and anti-icing topcoat; wherein, by weight parts, The insulating and heat-insulating primer includes: 3 parts hydrogenated rosin, 13 parts silicone resin, 0.1 parts dimethyl dibutyl ketone oxime silane, 0.5 parts 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 18 parts heat-insulating filler (including 1 part aerogel powder, 3 parts nano ceramic powder, 1 part nano silica powder, 8 parts nano titanium dioxide powder, and 5 parts hollow glass microspheres), 26 parts heat-insulating filler (including 8 parts decabromodiphenyl ether, 10 parts ammonium polyphosphate, and 8 parts melamine cyanurate), 0.2 parts ethyl cellulose, and 42 parts primary solvent (20 parts butyl acetate, 8 parts toluene, and 14 parts xylene).

[0051] The superhydrophobic anti-icing topcoat includes: 1.5 parts hydrogenated rosin, 3 parts tridecafluorooctyltrimethoxysilane, 4 parts hydrophobic filler (including 3.5 parts hydrophobic fumed silica and 0.5 parts hydrophobic precipitated silica), 3.5 parts hollow glass microspheres, 0.5 parts ethyl cellulose, and 85 parts acetone.

[0052] This insulating, heat-resistant, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coating is prepared according to the following method: Preparation of insulating and heat-insulating primer: According to the formula of this embodiment, weigh out each raw material, take a clean anhydrous reaction vessel, add hydrogenated rosin and silicone resin respectively, add 21 parts of the first solvent and stir. After dissolving, heat to 100°C and stir at 800 rpm for 4 hours to obtain the first slurry. Take another clean anhydrous reaction vessel, add 21 parts of the first solvent, and while stirring, add heat-insulating filler, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, heat-insulating filler and ethyl cellulose. Stir for 15 minutes after each raw material is added before adding the next raw material. After all raw materials are added, stir at high speed of 1200 rpm for 4 hours to obtain the second slurry. Take another clean anhydrous vessel, add the first slurry and the second slurry separately while stirring, and finally add dimethyl dibutyl ketone oxime silane. Stir at 800 rpm for 15 minutes, filter with 300 mesh filter cloth to obtain an insulating and heat-insulating primer.

[0053] Preparation of superhydrophobic anti-icing topcoat: Weigh each raw material according to the formula of this embodiment. Take a clean, anhydrous container, add 85 parts of solvent, and while stirring, add hydrophobic filler, hollow glass microspheres, tridecafluorooctyltrimethoxysilane, hydrogenated rosin, and ethyl cellulose. After each raw material is added, stir for 12 minutes before adding the next raw material. After all raw materials are added, stir at 1200 rpm for 2 hours, filter, and obtain a superhydrophobic anti-icing topcoat.

[0054] Example 3 This embodiment provides an insulating, heat-insulating, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coating, comprising an insulating and heat-insulating primer and a superhydrophobic and anti-icing topcoat; wherein, by weight parts, The insulating and heat-insulating primer includes: 5 parts hydrogenated rosin, 9 parts silicone resin, 0.3 parts dimethyl dibutyl ketone oxime silane, 0.2 parts 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 27 parts heat-insulating filler (including 2 parts aerogel powder, 5 parts nano ceramic powder, 2 parts nano silica powder, 10 parts nano titanium dioxide powder, and 8 parts hollow glass microspheres), 17 parts heat-insulating and insulating filler (including 5 parts decabromodiphenyl ether, 7 parts ammonium polyphosphate, and 5 parts melamine cyanurate), 0.5 parts ethyl cellulose, and 60 parts primary solvent (30 parts butyl acetate, 10 parts toluene, and 20 parts xylene).

[0055] The superhydrophobic anti-icing topcoat includes: 2 parts hydrogenated rosin, 1 part tridecafluorooctyltrimethoxysilane, 6 parts hydrophobic filler (including 5.5 parts hydrophobic fumed silica and 0.5 parts hydrophobic precipitated silica), 5 parts hollow glass microspheres, 1 part ethyl cellulose, and 95 parts secondary solvent (30 parts acetone and 65 parts dichloromethane).

[0056] This insulating, heat-resistant, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coating is prepared according to the following method: Preparation of insulating and heat-insulating primer: According to the formula of this embodiment, weigh out each raw material, take a clean anhydrous reaction vessel, add hydrogenated rosin and silicone resin respectively, add 30 parts of the first solvent and stir. After dissolving, heat to 120°C and stir at 600 rpm for 5 hours to obtain the first slurry. Take another clean anhydrous reaction vessel, add 30 parts of the first solvent, and while stirring, add heat-insulating filler, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, heat-insulating filler and ethyl cellulose. Stir for 12 minutes after each raw material is added before adding the next raw material. After all raw materials are added, stir at high speed of 1500 rpm for 4 hours to obtain the second slurry. Take another clean anhydrous vessel, add the first slurry and the second slurry separately while stirring, and finally add dimethyl dibutyl ketone oxime silane. Stir at 1000 rpm for 10 minutes, filter with 300 mesh filter cloth to obtain an insulating and heat-insulating primer.

[0057] Preparation of superhydrophobic anti-icing topcoat: Weigh each raw material according to the formula of this embodiment. Take a clean, anhydrous container and add 95 parts of the second solvent. While stirring, add the hydrophobic filler, hollow glass microspheres, tridecafluorooctyltrimethoxysilane, hydrogenated rosin, and ethyl cellulose. After each raw material is added, stir for 15 minutes before adding the next raw material. After all materials are added, stir at 1500 rpm for 1 hour, filter, and obtain the superhydrophobic anti-icing topcoat.

[0058] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides a coating comprising an insulating and heat-insulating primer and a superhydrophobic and anti-icing topcoat; by weight parts, The insulating and heat-insulating primer comprises: 11 parts silicone resin, 0.2 parts dimethyl dibutyl ketone oxime silane, 0.35 parts 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 22.3 parts heat-insulating filler (including 1.3 parts aerogel powder, 4 parts nano-ceramic powder, 1.5 parts nano-silica powder, 9 parts nano-titanium dioxide powder, and 6.5 parts hollow glass microspheres), 22 parts heat-insulating and insulating filler (including 6.5 parts decabromodiphenyl ether, 8.5 parts ammonium polyphosphate, and 7 parts melamine cyanurate), 0.3 parts ethyl cellulose, and 50 parts primary solvent (25 parts butyl acetate, 10 parts toluene, and 15 parts xylene).

[0059] The formulation of the superhydrophobic anti-icing topcoat is the same as that of the topcoat in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0060] The difference between the coating composition of this comparative example and that of Example 1 is that hydrogenated rosin was not added to the insulating and heat-insulating primer. The other raw materials and preparation methods are the same as those in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0061] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example provides a coating comprising an insulating and heat-insulating primer and a superhydrophobic and anti-icing topcoat; by weight parts, The insulating and heat-insulating primer includes: 4 parts hydrogenated rosin, 0.2 parts dimethyl dibutyl ketone oxime silane, 0.35 parts 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 22.3 parts heat-insulating filler (including 1.3 parts aerogel powder, 4 parts nano-ceramic powder, 1.5 parts nano-silica powder, 9 parts nano-titanium dioxide powder, and 6.5 parts hollow glass microspheres), 22 parts heat-insulating and insulating filler (including 6.5 parts decabromodiphenyl ether, 8.5 parts ammonium polyphosphate, and 7 parts melamine cyanurate), 0.3 parts ethyl cellulose, and 50 parts first solvent (25 parts butyl acetate, 10 parts toluene, and 15 parts xylene).

[0062] The formulation of the superhydrophobic anti-icing topcoat is the same as that of the topcoat in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0063] The difference between the coating composition of this comparative example and that of Example 1 is that no silicone resin was added to the insulating and heat-insulating primer. The other raw materials and preparation methods are the same as those in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0064] Comparative Example 3 This comparative example provides a coating comprising an insulating and heat-insulating primer and a superhydrophobic and anti-icing topcoat; by weight parts, The insulating and heat-insulating primer includes: 4 parts hydrogenated rosin, 11 parts silicone resin, 0.2 parts dimethyl dibutyl ketone oxime silane, 0.35 parts 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 21 parts heat-insulating filler (including 4 parts nano-ceramic powder, 1.5 parts nano-silica powder, 9 parts nano-titanium dioxide powder, and 6.5 parts hollow glass microspheres), 22 parts heat-insulating filler (including 6.5 parts decabromodiphenyl ether, 8.5 parts ammonium polyphosphate, and 7 parts melamine cyanurate), 0.3 parts ethyl cellulose, and 50 parts first solvent (25 parts butyl acetate, 10 parts toluene, and 15 parts xylene).

[0065] The formulation of the superhydrophobic anti-icing topcoat is the same as that of the topcoat in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0066] The difference between the coating composition of this comparative example and that of Example 1 is that the thermal insulation filler in the insulating primer does not include aerogel powder, while the other raw materials and preparation methods are the same as in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0067] Comparative Example 4 This comparative example provides a coating comprising an insulating and heat-insulating primer and a superhydrophobic and anti-icing topcoat; by weight parts, The insulating and heat-insulating primer includes: 4 parts hydrogenated rosin, 11 parts silicone resin, 0.2 parts dimethyl dibutyl ketone oxime silane, 0.35 parts 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 15.8 parts heat-insulating filler (including 1.3 parts aerogel powder, 4 parts nano ceramic powder, 1.5 parts nano silica powder, and 9 parts nano titanium dioxide powder), 22 parts heat-insulating and insulating filler (including 6.5 parts decabromodiphenyl ether, 8.5 parts ammonium polyphosphate, and 7 parts melamine cyanurate), 0.3 parts ethyl cellulose, and 50 parts primary solvent (25 parts butyl acetate, 10 parts toluene, and 15 parts xylene).

[0068] The formulation of the superhydrophobic anti-icing topcoat is the same as that of the topcoat in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0069] The difference between the coating composition of this comparative example and Example 1 is that the thermal insulation filler in the insulating primer does not include hollow glass microspheres. The other raw materials and preparation methods are the same as in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0070] Comparative Example 5 This comparative example provides a coating comprising an insulating and heat-insulating primer and a superhydrophobic and anti-icing topcoat; by weight parts, The formulation of the insulating and heat-insulating primer is the same as that of the primer in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0071] The superhydrophobic anti-icing topcoat includes: 1.7 parts hydrogenated rosin, 2 parts tridecafluorooctyltrimethoxysilane, 4.6 parts hydrophobic filler (including 4.6 parts hydrophobic fumed silica), 4.5 parts hollow glass microspheres, 0.7 parts ethyl cellulose, and 90 parts acetone.

[0072] The difference between the coating composition of this comparative example and Example 1 is that the hydrophobic filler in the superhydrophobic anti-icing topcoat does not include hydrophobic precipitated silica. The other raw materials and preparation methods are the same as in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0073] Comparative Example 6 This comparative example provides a coating comprising an insulating and heat-insulating primer and a superhydrophobic and anti-icing topcoat; by weight parts, The insulating and heat-insulating primer comprises: 4 parts polysilazane resin, 11 parts silicone resin, 0.2 parts dimethyl dibutyl ketone oxime silane, 0.35 parts 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 22.3 parts heat-insulating filler (including 1.3 parts aerogel powder, 4 parts nano-ceramic powder, 1.5 parts nano-silica powder, 9 parts nano-titanium dioxide powder, and 6.5 parts hollow glass microspheres), 22 parts heat-insulating and insulating filler (including 6.5 parts decabromodiphenyl ether, 8.5 parts ammonium polyphosphate, and 7 parts melamine cyanurate), 0.3 parts ethyl cellulose, and 50 parts first solvent (25 parts butyl acetate, 10 parts toluene, and 15 parts xylene).

[0074] The formulation of the superhydrophobic anti-icing topcoat is the same as that of the topcoat in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0075] The difference between the coating composition of this comparative example and Example 1 is that the hydrogenated rosin in the insulating and heat-insulating primer is replaced with an equal amount of polysilazane resin. The other raw materials and preparation methods are the same as in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0076] Comparative Example 7 This comparative example provides a coating comprising an insulating and heat-insulating primer and a superhydrophobic and anti-icing topcoat; by weight parts, The insulating and heat-insulating primer includes: 4 parts hydrogenated rosin, 11 parts fluorocarbon resin, 0.2 parts dimethyl dibutyl ketone oxime silane, 0.35 parts 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 22.3 parts heat-insulating filler (including 1.3 parts aerogel powder, 4 parts nano-ceramic powder, 1.5 parts nano-silica powder, 9 parts nano-titanium dioxide powder, and 6.5 parts hollow glass microspheres), 22 parts heat-insulating and insulating filler (including 6.5 parts decabromodiphenyl ether, 8.5 parts ammonium polyphosphate, and 7 parts melamine cyanurate), 0.3 parts ethyl cellulose, and 50 parts primary solvent (25 parts butyl acetate, 10 parts toluene, and 15 parts xylene).

[0077] The formulation of the superhydrophobic anti-icing topcoat is the same as that of the topcoat in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0078] The difference between the coating composition of this comparative example and Example 1 is that the silicone resin in the insulating and heat-insulating primer is replaced with an equal amount of fluorocarbon resin. The other raw materials and preparation methods are the same as in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0079] Comparative Example 8 This comparative example provides a coating comprising an insulating and heat-insulating primer and a superhydrophobic and anti-icing topcoat; by weight parts, The insulating and heat-insulating primer includes: 4 parts hydrogenated rosin, 11 parts silicone resin, 0.2 parts dimethyl dibutyl ketone oxime silane, 0.35 parts 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 25.8 parts heat-insulating filler (including 3 parts cesium tungsten bronze nanopowder (particle size 20nm), 1.8 parts tin oxide antimony nanopowder (particle size 20-50nm), 4 parts nano ceramic powder, 1.5 parts nano silica powder, 9 parts nano titanium dioxide powder, and 6.5 parts hollow glass microspheres), 22 parts heat-insulating and insulating filler (including 6.5 parts decabromodiphenyl ether, 8.5 parts ammonium polyphosphate, and 7 parts melamine cyanurate), 0.3 parts ethyl cellulose, and 50 parts primary solvent (25 parts butyl acetate, 10 parts toluene, and 15 parts xylene).

[0080] The formulation of the superhydrophobic anti-icing topcoat is the same as that of the topcoat in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0081] The difference between the coating composition of this comparative example and Example 1 is that the aerogel in the insulating and heat-insulating primer is replaced with cesium tungsten bronze nanoparticles and tin antimony oxide nanoparticles (so that the sum of the volumes of the cesium tungsten bronze nanoparticles and tin antimony oxide nanoparticles is the same as the volume of the original aerogel). The other raw materials and preparation methods are the same as in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0082] Comparative Example 9 This comparative example provides a coating that, compared to Example 1, includes only an insulating and heat-insulating primer but not a superhydrophobic and anti-icing topcoat. The formulation and preparation method of the insulating and heat-insulating primer are the same as in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0083] Comparative Example 10 This comparative example provides a coating that, compared to Example 1, includes only a superhydrophobic anti-icing topcoat and excludes an insulating and heat-insulating primer. The formulation and preparation method of the superhydrophobic anti-icing topcoat are the same as in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0084] Comparative Example 11 This comparative example provides an insulating, heat-insulating, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coating, comprising an insulating and heat-insulating primer and a superhydrophobic and anti-icing topcoat; wherein, by weight parts, The insulating and heat-insulating primer includes: 4 parts hydrogenated rosin, 11 parts silicone resin, 0.2 parts dimethyl dibutyl ketone oxime silane, 0.35 parts 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 22.3 parts heat-insulating filler (including 1.3 parts aerogel powder, 4 parts nano-ceramic powder, 1.5 parts nano-carbon black powder, 9 parts nano-titanium dioxide powder, and 6.5 parts hollow glass microspheres), 22 parts heat-insulating and insulating filler (including 6.5 parts decabromodiphenyl ether, 8.5 parts ammonium polyphosphate, and 7 parts melamine cyanurate), 0.3 parts ethyl cellulose, and 50 parts primary solvent (25 parts butyl acetate, 10 parts toluene, and 15 parts xylene).

[0085] The formulation of the superhydrophobic anti-icing topcoat is the same as that of the topcoat in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0086] The difference between the coating composition of this comparative example and that of Example 1 is that the nano silica powder in the insulating and heat-insulating primer is replaced with nano carbon black powder. The other raw materials and preparation methods are the same as those in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0087] Comparative Example 12 This comparative example provides an insulating, heat-insulating, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coating, comprising an insulating and heat-insulating primer and a superhydrophobic and anti-icing topcoat; wherein, by weight parts, The insulating and heat-insulating primer includes: 4 parts hydrogenated rosin, 11 parts silicone resin, 0.2 parts dimethyl dibutyl ketone oxime silane, 0.35 parts 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 22.3 parts heat-insulating filler (including 1.3 parts aerogel powder, 4 parts nano fullerene, 1.5 parts nano silica, 9 parts nano titanium dioxide powder, and 6.5 parts hollow glass microspheres), 22 parts heat-insulating and insulating filler (including 6.5 parts decabromodiphenyl ether, 8.5 parts ammonium polyphosphate, and 7 parts melamine cyanurate), 0.3 parts ethyl cellulose, and 50 parts primary solvent (25 parts butyl acetate, 10 parts toluene, and 15 parts xylene).

[0088] The formulation of the superhydrophobic anti-icing topcoat is the same as that of the topcoat in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0089] The difference between the coating composition of this comparative example and Example 1 is that the nano-ceramic powder in the insulating and heat-insulating primer is replaced with nano-fullerene. The other raw materials and preparation methods are the same as in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0090] Comparative Example 13 This comparative example provides an insulating, heat-insulating, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coating, comprising an insulating and heat-insulating primer and a superhydrophobic and anti-icing topcoat; wherein, by weight parts, The insulating and heat-insulating primer includes: 4 parts hydrogenated rosin, 11 parts silicone resin, 0.2 parts dimethyl dibutyl ketone oxime silane, 0.35 parts 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 22.3 parts heat-insulating filler (including 1.3 parts aerogel powder, 4 parts nano ceramic powder, 1.5 parts nano iron oxide, 9 parts nano titanium dioxide powder, and 6.5 parts hollow glass microspheres), 22 parts heat-insulating filler (including 6.5 parts decabromodiphenyl ether, 8.5 parts ammonium polyphosphate, and 7 parts melamine cyanurate), 0.3 parts ethyl cellulose, and 50 parts primary solvent (25 parts butyl acetate, 10 parts toluene, and 15 parts xylene).

[0091] The formulation of the superhydrophobic anti-icing topcoat is the same as that of the topcoat in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0092] The difference between the coating composition of this comparative example and that of Example 1 is that the nano silica powder in the insulating and heat-insulating primer is replaced with nano iron oxide powder. The other raw materials and preparation methods are the same as those in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0093] Test Example The coatings obtained in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-13 were applied to the substrate surface, with a film thickness of 1 mm for the primer and 10 μm for the topcoat, and dried at 25°C for 24 hours. The water contact angle and roll-off angle (referring to standard GB / T45017-2024 "Mechanical Stability Test Method for Superhydrophobic Surfaces"), breakdown voltage (referring to standard GB / T 22689-2008 "Recommended Test Method for Measuring the Relative Resistance to Surface Discharge Breakdown Capacity of Solid Insulating Materials"), and thermal conductivity (referring to standard BG / T37796-2019 "Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Thermal Insulating and Refractory Materials (Callimeter Method)") were tested for each coating. The abrasion resistance of the coatings was determined according to standard GB / T 1768-2006 "Determination of Abrasion Resistance of Paints and Varnishes - Rotating Rubber Grinding Wheel Method". The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0094] Table 1 Note: Both the water contact angle and roll-off angle are reported as integers.

[0095] As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the water contact angle of the insulating, heat-insulating, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coatings provided in Examples 1-3 of the present invention is all above 155°, the roll-off angle is all less than 10°, the water contact angle is still above 154° after being polished with 320-grit sandpaper, the breakdown voltage is all above 19.5kV, and the thermal conductivity is not higher than 0.040. This indicates that the insulating, heat-insulating, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coatings provided by the present invention have excellent comprehensive performance and can achieve stable and long-lasting protection for the substrate.

[0096] Comparing the performance of Comparative Examples 1-13 with that of Example 1, it is evident that when the composition of the primer or topcoat in this invention is adjusted, the overall performance of the resulting coatings is inferior to that of Example 1. This indicates that the formulation of the insulating, heat-insulating, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coating provided by this invention cannot be arbitrarily replaced. Specifically, compared to Example 1, in Comparative Example 1, after removing hydrogenated rosin, one of the film-forming components in the primer, the insulation performance of the resulting coating decreased, and the hydrophobicity after sanding also significantly deteriorated. In Comparative Example 2, after removing silicone resin, one of the film-forming components in the primer, although the impact on the hydrophobicity of the coating was relatively small, the decrease in insulation was more significant. In Comparative Example 3, after removing aerogel powder from the primer, the insulation of the coating decreased, while the thermal conductivity increased significantly. In Comparative Example 4, after removing hollow glass microspheres from the primer, the superhydrophobic micro-nano structure of the coating was disrupted, resulting in reduced hydrophobicity, and the disappearance of the hollow structure also increased the thermal conductivity. In Comparative Example 5, no hydrophobic components were added to the topcoat. Precipitated silica and sanding significantly reduced the water contact angle of the coating to below 60°, indicating that the coating could not meet the requirements for weather resistance and wind and sand resistance in natural environments, thus affecting the overall performance of subsequent hydrophobic and anti-icing properties. In Comparative Examples 6 and 7, replacing hydrogenated rosin and silicone resin with polysilazane resin and fluorocarbon resin, respectively, resulted in a significant decrease in the insulation performance and water contact angle after sanding of the resulting coatings, while the thermal conductivity also increased, leading to a deterioration in overall performance. In Comparative Example 8, replacing the aerogel powder in the primer with alloy heat-insulating powder not only improved the thermal conductivity but also significantly reduced the insulation performance. Comparative Examples 9 and 10, containing only primer and topcoat, respectively, showed poor overall performance of the coatings, failing to meet the application requirements. In Comparative Examples 11-13, replacing nano-silica powder or nano-ceramic powder with nano-carbon black powder, nano-fullerene, or nano-iron oxide powder, slightly reduced the hydrophobicity of the coatings, while significantly worsening the insulation and thermal conductivity.

[0097] Furthermore, the hydrophobic effect diagram of the coating obtained in Example 1 is shown below. Figure 1 As shown; Figure 2 To apply the coating obtained in Example 1 to the outer right side of a stainless steel cup, after the coating dried, cold water and ice were added to the cup and left for 2 hours (ambient temperature 25°C, humidity 30%). No condensation was found on the coating on the right side of the cup, while obvious condensation appeared on the uncoated surface of the cup on the left side. Figure 3 To apply the coating obtained in Example 1 to the left side of an outdoor metal substrate, after drying, water was sprayed evenly onto the metal substrate until the water could flow down naturally. After standing for 48 hours (ambient temperature -10℃, humidity 20%, light snow), ice was clearly visible on the uncoated surface of the metal substrate on the right side, while no ice was found on the coated surface on the left side, indicating that the coating has a good hydrophobic and anti-icing effect. Figure 4The following is a field photo of the insulation performance test of the coating in Example 1. The coating thickness is 1.01 mm, and the voltage is maintained at 19.68 kW (test instrument full power 20 kW) for 100 seconds. The coating was not broken down, indicating that the coating has good insulation performance. Figure 5 To test the heat insulation of the coating obtained in Example 1, the left side of the figure is ordinary glass, and the right side is glass coated with the coating of Example 1 (coating thickness 1.2 mm). The on-site test photos after continuous irradiation at an irradiation temperature of 80°C for 30 minutes show that the temperature of the glass surface coated with the coating of the present invention on the right side is significantly lower than that of ordinary glass, indicating that the coating provided by the present invention can provide efficient heat insulation.

[0098] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An insulating, heat-insulating, superhydrophobic, anti-icing coating, characterized in that, Includes an insulating and heat-insulating primer and a superhydrophobic and anti-icing topcoat; wherein, by weight parts, The insulating and heat-insulating primer includes: Hydrogenated rosin 2-6 parts, silicone resin 8-15 parts, dimethyl dibutyl ketone oxime silane 0.1-0.5 parts, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane 0.2-0.6 parts, thermal insulation filler 15-28 parts, thermal insulation and insulating filler 15-28 parts, ethyl cellulose 0.2-0.6 parts, first solvent 40-65 parts; The superhydrophobic, anti-icing coating includes: 1-3 parts hydrogenated rosin, 1-4 parts tridefluorooctyltrimethoxysilane, 3-7 parts hydrophobic filler, 3-6 parts hollow glass microspheres, 0.2-1.5 parts ethyl cellulose, and 85-95 parts secondary solvent; The thermal insulation filler is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-2 parts aerogel powder, 3-5 parts nano-ceramic powder, 1-2 parts nano-silica powder, 8-10 parts nano-titanium dioxide powder, and 5-8 parts hollow glass microspheres; the hydrophobic filler is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3.5-5.5 parts hydrophobic fumed silica and 0.35-0.5 parts hydrophobic precipitated silica.

2. The insulating, heat-insulating, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coating as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The insulating and heat-insulating primer comprises, by weight parts: 3-5 parts hydrogenated rosin, 9-13 parts silicone resin, 0.1-0.3 parts dimethyl dibutyl ketone oxime silane, 0.2-0.5 parts 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 18-27 parts thermal insulation filler, 17-26 parts thermal insulation filler, 0.2-0.5 parts ethyl cellulose, and 40-60 parts primary solvent; The superhydrophobic, anti-icing coating includes: Hydrogenated rosin 1.5-2 parts, tridecafluorooctyltrimethoxysilane 1-3 parts, hydrophobic filler 3.5-6 parts, hollow glass microspheres 3.5-5 parts, ethyl cellulose 0.5-1 part, second solvent 90-92 parts.

3. The insulating, heat-insulating, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coating as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The heat-insulating filler comprises 5-8 parts of decabromodiphenyl ether, 7-10 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, and 5-8 parts of melamine cyanurate.

4. The insulating, heat-insulating, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coating as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first solvent is a mixture of butyl acetate, toluene, and xylene, and the second solvent is selected from at least one of acetone, dichloromethane, and tetrahydrofuran; In the first solvent, the mass percentages of butyl acetate, toluene, and xylene are 45%-55%, 15%-20%, and 25%-40%, respectively.

5. The insulating, heat-insulating, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coating as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The hollow glass microspheres have a particle size of 40-50 μm.

6. The insulating, heat-insulating, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coating as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The aerogel powder has a particle size of 10-25 μm, the nano-ceramic powder has a particle size of 350-450 nm, the nano-silica powder has a particle size of 15-25 nm, the nano-titanium dioxide powder has a particle size of 20-50 nm, and the hollow glass microspheres have a particle size of 70-90 μm.

7. The insulating, heat-insulating, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coating as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The hydrophobic fumed silica has a particle size of 10-15 μm, and the hydrophobic precipitated silica has a particle size of 5-7 μm.

8. The method for preparing the insulating, heat-insulating, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coating according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, This includes the preparation of the insulating and heat-insulating primer and the superhydrophobic anti-icing topcoat; The preparation of the insulating and heat-insulating primer includes the following steps: According to the design ratio, the hydrogenated rosin and silicone resin are added to a first solvent accounting for 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the mass of the first solvent. After complete dissolution, the mixture is heated and stirred to obtain a first slurry. The heat-insulating filler, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, heat-insulating filler and ethyl cellulose are added to the remaining first solvent and stirred at high speed to obtain a second slurry. The first and second slurries are mixed, and dimethyl dibutyl ketone oxime silane is added to the mixture and stirred to obtain the heat-insulating primer. The preparation of the superhydrophobic anti-icing topcoat includes the following steps: Under stirring conditions, the designed proportions of the hydrophobic filler, hollow glass microspheres, tridecafluorooctyltrimethoxysilane, hydrogenated rosin, and ethyl cellulose are added to the second solvent, and the mixture is stirred at high speed to obtain the superhydrophobic anti-icing topcoat.

9. An insulating, heat-insulating, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coating prepared using the insulating, heat-insulating, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coating according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, It includes an insulating and heat-insulating primer and a superhydrophobic and anti-icing topcoat, wherein the film thickness of the primer is not less than 1 mm and the film thickness of the topcoat is not less than 10 μm.

10. The application of the insulating, heat-insulating, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coating according to any one of claims 1 to 7, or the insulating, heat-insulating, superhydrophobic, and anti-icing coating prepared according to the preparation method of claim 8, in power cables, building materials, vehicles, and industrial facilities.

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