draft tube deflector

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of flood discharge and energy dissipation of hydraulic structures, and discloses a tail water guide baffle, which comprises a water outlet pool and a flowmeter located upstream of the water outlet pool, the water outlet pool is provided with a plurality of guide plates, and the bottom of the water outlet pool is provided with a first baffle body; two adjusting parts are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the first baffle body, and a flow dividing part is arranged between the two adjusting parts and located directly above the first baffle body; the adjusting parts can drive the flow dividing part to move up and down according to the size of the water flow in the water outlet pool, so that the water flow of the water outlet pool is divided into two layers and collides in the air. The two heavy hydraulic telescopic rods work synchronously, the distance between the flow dividing part and the first baffle body is changed, and the water volume ratio of the upper and lower two layers of water bodies is ensured to always be in the optimal interval, so that the most intense air collision and air entraining effect are maintained, the energy dissipation effect is high and stable in a wide range of flow changes, and the adaptability and safety of the project to different hydrological conditions are significantly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of flood discharge and energy dissipation technology of hydraulic structures, specifically a tailrace guide sill. Background Technology

[0002] Tailrace guide sills belong to the field of hydraulic engineering technology, specifically involving flow control structures in hydraulic engineering buildings. They are mainly used in the tailrace areas of hydropower stations, river management projects, and drainage systems. Their core function is to guide the direction of tailrace flow, optimize flow velocity distribution, prevent water flow from scouring downstream riverbeds or structures, and ensure the safe and stable operation of the project through specific structural design and layout.

[0003] In traditional water conservancy projects, tailrace flow regulation is a crucial technical aspect for ensuring project safety, maintaining river stability, and protecting downstream ecosystems. Tailrace water, as high-energy water discharged from hydropower stations or downstream flow after river regulation, has a high velocity and concentrated energy. If discharged directly into downstream rivers without proper regulation, it can easily trigger a series of problems, such as riverbed erosion, bank erosion, turbulent flow, and ecological damage. Therefore, traditional engineering often employs diversion structures to guide and dissipate the energy of tailrace water. One common measure is the installation of a fixed, raised arc platform at the tail end of the diversion sill. However, this structure has significant limitations in practical applications and is difficult to meet the complex and ever-changing needs of actual engineering projects. When the hydropower station generates a large amount of electricity or the tailwater flow increases dramatically during the flood season, the lifting angle and height of the fixed arc platform may be insufficient, failing to effectively propel the high-speed water flow to the water surface. This results in a large amount of kinetic energy remaining concentrated in the lower part, impacting the riverbed and exacerbating the risk of scouring. Conversely, when the tailwater flow is small, an excessively high arc platform lifting angle may cause the water flow to be excessively projected, resulting in the water flow landing point being too far or dispersed, which may lead to local siltation or backflow, affecting the river's flood control capacity and ecological stability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tailrace guide sill to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a tailwater guide sill, comprising: an outlet pool and a flow meter and a water level gauge located upstream thereon, wherein the outlet pool is provided with a plurality of guide plates inside, and a first sill body is provided at the bottom of the outlet pool; Two regulating parts are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first sill body. A diverter is located directly above the first sill body between the two regulating parts. The regulating parts can drive the diverter to move up and down according to the water flow rate inside the water outlet pool, so that the water flow in the water outlet pool is divided into two layers and flows out, and collides in the air.

[0006] Preferably, the outlet pool is divided into a guide section, a transition section and a lifting section. The lifting section has an arc-shaped cross-section and its tail end is raised upwards to guide the upward flow of water.

[0007] Preferably, multiple guide plates are evenly distributed on both sides of the guide section and connected to the bank. The height of the guide plate is 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of the average water depth of the section, and its shape is arc-shaped. The guide plates are arranged at an angle to the bank along the line connecting their head and root.

[0008] Preferably, the first sill is fixedly installed at the tail end of the flow section, and the upper surface of the first sill is provided with a plurality of arc grooves for guiding the flow of water.

[0009] Preferably, the adjustment part includes a rectangular chamber and a seat, and two drive mechanisms are fixedly installed between the rectangular chamber and the seat for driving the seat to move up and down and changing the tilt angle of the seat.

[0010] Preferably, the bottom hinge support of the seat is connected to a locking device. The locking device includes a first housing, and two first blocks are symmetrically slidably connected inside the first housing. A double-headed hydraulic rod fixedly connected to the first housing is fixedly installed between the two first blocks.

[0011] Preferably, the inner walls of both sides of the rectangular chamber are provided with a plurality of equidistant third holes, which are adapted to the first block.

[0012] Preferably, a first plate is fixedly installed on one side of each of the two rectangular chambers, and a first groove is provided inside the first plate, with rectangular notches on both the front and rear sides of the first groove.

[0013] Preferably, the diverter includes a diverter plate, the bottom surface of which is complementary to the upper surface of the first sill body. Connecting ears are fixedly connected to both the front and rear sides of the diverter plate. The connecting ears are detachably installed inside the seat body. A second plate is fixedly connected to the middle of the connecting ears. The second plate is movably installed inside the first groove body.

[0014] This invention features two heavy-duty hydraulic telescopic rods that work synchronously to change the distance between the diverter and the first sill, ensuring that the water volume ratio between the upper and lower water bodies is always within the optimal range. This maintains the strongest air collision and aeration effect, enabling the project to maintain efficient and stable energy dissipation within a wide range of flow variations, and significantly improving the project's adaptability and safety under different hydrological conditions.

[0015] Secondly, under various flow rates close to the design conditions, the distribution ratio and ejection angle of the upper and lower layers of the water tongue can be adjusted proportionally and precisely, resulting in more stable and better energy dissipation efficiency. This allows for a better match between the mass and momentum of the upper and lower layers of water tongue, enabling more intense and complete collisions and air mixing when they meet in the air, thus maximizing the elimination of water energy. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall appearance of the invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall half-section of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the first recess structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a half-sectional schematic diagram of the adjustment part of the present invention; Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the internal structure of the adjustment part of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a half-sectional schematic diagram of the first plate structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the flow divider structure of the present invention.

[0017] In the diagram: 100, Outlet pool; 110, Guide section; 120, Transition section; 130, Diverting section; 200, Guide plate; 300, First sill; 400, Adjustment unit; 410, Rectangular chamber; 420, Heavy-duty hydraulic telescopic rod; 430, Base; 440, First hole; 450, Second hole; 460, Pin; 470, Locking device; 471, First housing; 472, First block; 473, Double-headed hydraulic rod; 480, Third hole; 490, First plate; 491, First trough; 500, Diverter; 510, Diverter plate; 520, Connecting lug; 530, Second plate. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a tailwater guide sill, including: an outlet pool 100 and a flow meter located upstream thereon. The outlet pool 100 is provided with a plurality of guide plates 200, and a first sill body 300 is provided at the bottom of the outlet pool 100. Two regulating parts 400 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first sill 300. A diverter 500 is arranged between the two regulating parts 400 and located directly above the first sill 300. The regulating parts 400 can drive the diverter 500 to move up and down according to the water flow rate inside the water outlet pool 100, so that the water flow in the water outlet pool 100 is divided into two layers and flows out, and collides in the air.

[0020] It should be noted that the flow meter and water level gauge upstream of the outlet pool 100 monitor the water volume and water level changes in the outlet pool 100 in real time. The two regulating units 400 adjust the diverter 500 according to the monitoring data. When the flow meter detects that the water flow in the outlet pool 100 is large, the two regulating units 400 work synchronously, driving the diverter 500 to move upward, thereby increasing the distance between the diverter 500 and the first sill 300, so that more water can flow through this gap to impact the upper surface of the diverter 500. The water body will also reduce the water flow over the upper surface of the diverter 500 until the water flow over the upper and lower surfaces of the diverter 500 tends to be even; when the flow meter detects that the water flow in the outlet pool 100 is small, the two regulating parts 400 work in opposite directions at the same time, driving the diverter 500 to move downward, reducing the distance between the diverter 500 and the first sill 300, reducing the water flow under the diverter 500, and increasing the water flow over the diverter 500, until the water flow over the upper and lower surfaces of the diverter 500 tends to be even; By using the above method, at low flow rates, the distance between the diverter 500 and the first retaining wall 300 is reduced to ensure that the upper water flow has sufficient momentum and sufficient jet distance, thus avoiding the dam toe or bank slope being eroded by the landing point being too close. At high flow rates, the distance between the diverter 500 and the first retaining wall 300 is increased to avoid reducing the proportion of water participating in the collision due to excessively thick water jets. This method of dynamically adjusting the gap between the diverter 500 and the first retaining wall 300 optimizes the ratio of water jets in the upper and lower layers, ensuring that the strongest aerial collisions are generated under different flow rates, achieving the effect of intense turbulence and sufficient aeration, and maximizing the elimination of water energy.

[0021] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, the outlet pool 100 is divided into a guide section 110, a transition section 120 and a draft section 130. The draft section 130 has an arc-shaped cross-section and its tail end is raised upwards to guide the upward flow of water. It should be noted that when the water flows through the guide section 110, it will be guided by multiple guide plates 200, and then flow through the transition section 120 and enter the lifting section 130. When the water first enters the lifting section 130, the vertical drop will cause the water flow speed to increase until the water level reaches the lowest point of the lifting section 130. Then the water will continue to flow along the tail end of the lifting section 130. At this time, the water will be flowed upward along the tail end of the lifting section 130, so that the water is initially lifted, and the flow speed of the water will be slightly reduced.

[0022] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, multiple guide plates 200 are evenly distributed on both sides of the guide section 110 and connected to the bank. The height of the guide plate 200 is 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of the average water depth of the section. Its shape is arc-shaped. The guide plates are arranged at an angle to the bank according to the line connecting its head and root. It should be noted that when the internal water flows through multiple guide plates 200, the multiple guide plates 200 break the direct flow path of the fluid, stretching and dispersing the originally concentrated high-speed water flow in the horizontal and vertical directions, dividing the water flow into smaller areas, and redistributing the water flow, thereby effectively reducing turbulence, ensuring that the water flows smoothly and evenly downwards, avoiding short-circuiting and eddies. During the flow, the water bodies will also collide with each other, consuming a large part of the energy carried by the water flow itself, and aggravating the turbulence and air entrainment of the water flow, greatly improving the energy dissipation efficiency. like Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 7 As shown, the first sill 300 is fixedly installed at the tail end of the flow section 130, and the upper surface of the first sill 300 is provided with multiple arc grooves for guiding the flow of water. It should be noted that the water body that is lifted at the tail end of the lifted section 130 will be guided by multiple equidistant arc grooves opened on the upper surface of the first sill 300 when it flows through the first sill 300, so that the adjacent water body is dispersed and adjusted, further causing the water body to diffuse and optimize the collision effect. like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the adjustment unit 400 includes a rectangular chamber 410 and a seat 430. Two heavy-duty hydraulic telescopic rods 420 are rotatably mounted on the top of the rectangular chamber 410. The bottom ends of the inner rods of the two heavy-duty hydraulic telescopic rods 420 are fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the seat 430. A first hole 440 is provided in the middle of the seat 430. Two second holes 450 are provided on the upper surface of the seat 430. Pins 460 are provided inside the two second holes 450. It should be noted that when the two heavy-duty hydraulic telescopic rods 420 shorten synchronously, they can lift the seat 430 upwards. When the two heavy-duty hydraulic telescopic rods 420 extend synchronously, they can move the seat 430 downwards. By adjusting the position of the seat 430 in the above manner, the distance between the diverter 500 and the first sill 300 can be changed.

[0023] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the bottom hinge support of the base 430 is connected to a locking device 470. The locking device 470 includes a first housing 471. Two first blocks 472 are symmetrically slidably connected inside the first housing 471. A double-headed hydraulic rod 473, which is fixedly connected to the first housing 471, is fixedly installed between the two first blocks 472. Multiple equidistant third holes 480 are opened on the inner walls of the left and right sides of the rectangular chamber 410. The third holes 480 are adapted to the first blocks 472. The locking device 470 performs rigid mechanical locking, which prevents the diverter from falling accidentally when the two heavy hydraulic telescopic rods 420 are under long-term pressure or fail, and greatly improves the safety and stability of long-term operation.

[0024] It should be noted that when the two ends of the double-headed hydraulic rod 473 extend, it can drive the first blocks 472 at both ends to slide out of the interior of the first housing 471 until they penetrate into the interior of the third hole 480, thereby supporting the seat 430 and limiting and fixing the height of the first housing 471. When the two ends of the double-headed hydraulic rod 473 shorten, it can drive the first blocks 472 at both ends to slide into the interior of the first housing 471, thereby releasing the height limitation of the first housing 471, so that the seat 430 and the first housing 471 can be driven by the two heavy-duty hydraulic telescopic rods 420, thereby adjusting the height. It should be noted that the third holes 480 on the inner walls of the left and right sides are divided into four groups, named from bottom to top as the first water level, the second water level, the third water level, and the fourth water level. Each water level corresponds to a standard water level value, which increases from bottom to top. When the water level value monitored by the water level gauge is near a certain standard water level value, the two heavy-duty hydraulic telescopic rods 420 work, driving the locking device 470 to move to the height of the two third holes 480 corresponding to that water level. The third holes 480 are divided into four groups corresponding to four standard water level values. The graded adjustment method simplifies the control logic and the frequent operation of the hydraulic rods, and improves the durability of the system.

[0025] like Figure 6 As shown, a first plate 490 is fixedly installed on one side of each of the two rectangular chambers 410. A first groove 491 is opened inside the first plate 490, and a rectangular notch is provided on the front and rear sides of the first groove 491. like Figures 1 to 7As shown, the diverter 500 includes a diverter plate 510, the bottom surface of the diverter plate 510 is complementary to the upper surface of the first sill 300, and connecting ears 520 are fixedly connected to both the front and rear sides of the diverter plate 510. A through hole is opened in the middle of the connecting ear 520. When the connecting ear 520 is located inside the first hole 440, two pins 460 pass through the two through holes to fix the connecting ear 520. A second plate 530 is fixedly connected to the middle of the connecting ear 520. The second plate 530 is movably installed inside the first groove 491. It should be noted that, in the initial state, when the seat 430 is in a horizontal position, the distance between the bottom surface of the diverter plate 510 and the upper surface of the first retaining wall 300 is equal everywhere, and the interior of the diverter plate 510 is hollow to reduce its own weight. The second plate 530 is located inside the first groove 491, and the cross-section of the second plate 530 is smaller than the cross-section of the first groove 491. A gap is left between the edge of the second plate 530 and the side wall of the first groove 491. When the seat 430 passes through the connecting... When the lug 520 moves the diverter plate 510 up and down, the second plate 530 will move accordingly. Throughout the entire adjustment range, the second plate 530 will always seal the rectangular notch, thereby preventing water from entering the interior of the rectangular chamber 410 through the rectangular notch. The cooperation between the first plate 490, the first trough 491, and the second plate 530 and the first trough 491 effectively prevents sand-containing water from flowing into the interior of the rectangular chamber 410, which is the key to ensuring the long-term normal operation of the adjustment unit 400 and avoiding the mechanism from jamming due to siltation or corrosion.

[0026] This invention utilizes two heavy-duty hydraulic telescopic rods 420 working synchronously to change the distance between the diverter 500 and the first retaining wall 300. At low flow rates, the gap between the diverter 500 and the first retaining wall 300 is automatically reduced, narrowing the lower flow channel and ensuring sufficient thickness and momentum for the lower water jet, resulting in a greater throw distance and preventing the water jet from falling too close and scouring the dam toe or bank slope. At high flow rates, the gap between the diverter 500 and the first retaining wall 300 is automatically increased, allowing more water to pass through the lower layer, preventing excessive thickness of the upper water jet, and ensuring that the water volume ratio between the upper and lower layers is always within the optimal range. This maintains the strongest aerial collision and aeration effect, ensuring efficient and stable energy dissipation across a wide flow range, significantly improving the project's adaptability and safety under different hydrological conditions.

[0027] Secondly, the water flow is smoothly accelerated and initially lifted by the guide plate 200, transition section 120, and lifting section 130, and divided into upper and lower layers. The geometric cooperation between the diverter 500 and the first sill 300 causes the upper and lower layers of water tongues to collide violently and fully in the air at an optimized angle and water volume ratio. The collision process consumes a large amount of kinetic energy and entrains a large amount of air, forming a highly turbulent two-phase flow. This causes the water body after the collision to be dispersed and atomized, and the impact force is greatly reduced when it falls into the downstream water body. Compared with a single energy dissipation method, the energy dissipation rate is extremely high, which can significantly shorten the length of the downstream apron or even eliminate the apron, saving engineering investment. At the same time, air entrainment can reduce the risk of cavitation in the downstream water body.

[0028] It should be noted that the two heavy-duty hydraulic telescopic rods 420 are located on the left and right sides of the seat body 430. After the height of the seat body 430 is adjusted, the heavy-duty hydraulic telescopic rod 420 on the left can be extended, and the heavy-duty hydraulic telescopic rod 420 on the right can be shortened accordingly. This causes the seat body 430, connecting lug 520, and second plate 530 to rotate counterclockwise. The greater the extension of the heavy-duty hydraulic telescopic rod 420 on the left, the greater the shortening of the heavy-duty hydraulic telescopic rod 420 on the right, and the greater the angle of counterclockwise rotation of the seat body 430. When the heavy-duty hydraulic telescopic rod 420 on the left is shortened and the heavy-duty hydraulic telescopic rod 420 on the right is extended accordingly, the seat body 430, connecting lug 520, and second plate 530 can rotate clockwise. The greater the shortening of the heavy-duty hydraulic telescopic rod 420 on the left and the greater the extension of the heavy-duty hydraulic telescopic rod 420 on the right, the greater the angle of clockwise rotation of the seat body 430. The angle of the seat 430 can be adjusted in the above manner, thereby adjusting the angle of the splitter plate 510. It should be noted that when the seat 430 is in a horizontal position, the splitter plate 510 has a certain angle. When the splitter plate 510 rotates counterclockwise, the tilt angle of the splitter plate 510 will increase, and when the splitter plate 510 rotates clockwise, the tilt angle of the splitter plate 510 will decrease. When the water level monitored by the water level gauge is near a certain standard water level value, the two heavy-duty hydraulic telescopic rods 420 adjust it to the third orifice 480 corresponding to the standard water level. If the monitored water level is slightly lower than the standard water level, the diverter plate 510 will rotate counterclockwise. The larger the difference, the larger the rotation angle, reducing the size of the opening on the left side of the diverter plate 510, thereby improving the problem of insufficient flow distance in low-flow conditions. If it is the standard water level value, the diverter plate 510 will not rotate, operating in a smooth and uniform flow distribution state. If it is slightly higher than the standard water level, the diverter plate 510 will rotate clockwise. The larger the difference, the larger the rotation angle, expanding the size of the opening on the left side of the diverter plate 510, increasing the flow rate of the water below, and further optimizing the water distribution.

[0029] The above scheme can cope with minor water level fluctuations within the same water level range, and can proportionally and precisely adjust the upper and lower layer distribution ratio and ejection angle of the water tongue, resulting in more stable and better energy dissipation efficiency. It also makes the mass and momentum of the upper and lower layers of water tongue more matched, and can cause more violent and sufficient collision and aeration when they meet in the air, maximizing the elimination of water energy.

[0030] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0031] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A tailrace guide sill, characterized in that, include: The water outlet pool (100) and the flow meter and water level gauge located upstream thereon, the water outlet pool (100) is provided with a plurality of guide plates (200) inside, and the bottom of the water outlet pool (100) is provided with a first sill (300). Two adjusting parts (400) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first sill (300). A diverter (500) is arranged between the two adjusting parts (400) and located directly above the first sill (300). The adjusting parts (400) can drive the diverter (500) to move up and down according to the water flow rate inside the water outlet pool (100), so that the water flow in the water outlet pool (100) is divided into two layers and flows out and collides in the air. The adjustment unit (400) includes a rectangular chamber (410) and a seat (430). Two drive mechanisms are fixedly installed between the rectangular chamber (410) and the seat (430) for driving the seat (430) to move up and down and changing the tilt angle of the diverter (500).

2. The tailrace guide sill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outlet pool (100) is divided into a guide section (110), a transition section (120) and a lift section (130). The lift section (130) has an arc-shaped cross section and its tail end is raised upwards to guide the upward flow of water.

3. The tailrace guide sill according to claim 2, characterized in that: Multiple guide plates (200) are evenly distributed on both sides of the guide section (110) and connected to the bank. The height of the guide plate (200) is 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of the average water depth of the section, and its shape is arc-shaped. The guide plates (200) are arranged at an angle to the bank along the line connecting their head and root.

4. The tailrace guide sill according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first sill (300) is fixedly installed at the tail end of the flow section (130), and the upper surface of the first sill (300) is provided with a plurality of arc grooves for guiding the flow of water.

5. The tailrace guide sill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom hinge support of the seat (430) is connected to a locker (470). The locker (470) includes a first housing (471). The first housing (471) has two first blocks (472) symmetrically slidably connected inside. A double-headed hydraulic rod (473) fixedly connected to the first housing (471) is fixedly installed between the two first blocks (472).

6. The tailrace guide sill according to claim 5, characterized in that: The rectangular chamber (410) has multiple equidistantly arranged third holes (480) on its inner walls on both the left and right sides, and the third holes (480) are adapted to the first block (472).

7. The tailrace guide sill according to claim 6, characterized in that: Each of the two rectangular chambers (410) has a first plate (490) fixedly installed on one side of each other. The first plate (490) has a first groove (491) inside. The first groove (491) has a rectangular notch on both the front and back sides.

8. The tailrace guide sill according to claim 7, characterized in that: The diverter (500) includes a diverter plate (510), the bottom surface of which is complementary to the upper surface of the first sill (300). Connecting ears (520) are fixedly connected to both the front and rear sides of the diverter plate (510). The connecting ears (520) are detachably installed inside the seat (430). A second plate (530) is fixedly connected to the middle of the connecting ears (520). The second plate (530) is movably installed inside the first groove (491).

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