A power supply system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a power supply system and method, relates to the technical field of power electronics, and comprises at least two power supply buses and a shared bus shared by multiple cabinets, so that the power supply module and the power supply interface both have the capability of being selectively connected between different buses, and the power supply module and the power supply interface can obtain electric energy from other cabinets or other power supply racks through the shared bus; and the input bus and the shared bus are isolated by arranging insulating partitions between the input bus and the shared bus, between the input bus and the cabinet side plate and between the shared bus and the cabinet side plate. The technical problem that the whole cabinet loses power due to a single point fault is solved, the insulation risk between the high-voltage input bus and the shared bus is reduced, the continuous power supply of the load in the cabinet is ensured, and the technical effects of reducing training interruption and data loss are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power electronics technology, and in particular to a power supply system and method. Background Technology

[0002] With the advent of the AI ​​(Artificial Intelligence) era, the demand for AI computing power is increasing, and the computing power of GPUs (Graphics Processing Units), which mainly support AI computing power, is also increasing exponentially, resulting in higher and higher power consumption of AI servers.

[0003] In related technologies, rack power supply is still mainly based on distributed PSU (Power Supply Unit), meaning each server has N+M PSUs, or mainly based on centralized power supply (e.g., Figure 1 This means that the power supply rack supplies power to the servers or switches in the rack via copper busbars. In the above scheme, if the power supply rack itself or its output busbar fails, the entire rack it serves will lose power, resulting in training interruptions, data loss, and other consequences. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a power supply system and method to at least solve the problem of power loss of the entire cabinet due to a single point of failure in the related art.

[0005] This application provides a power supply system, including multiple cabinets, a shared bus, and at least two input buses, wherein the input buses supply power to the multiple cabinets; The cabinet includes at least one power supply rack and at least two power supply buses. At least one power supply bus is selectively connected to a shared bus. An input bus is connected to at least one power module in at least one power supply rack. Insulating partitions are provided between the input bus and the shared bus, between the input bus and the cabinet side panel, and between the shared bus and the cabinet side panel. The power supply rack includes: multiple power modules, the output of which is selectively connected to at least one power supply bus; and at least one power supply interface, the input of which is selectively connected to at least one power supply bus, and the output of which is used to connect a load.

[0006] This application provides a power supply method applied to the power supply system described above, wherein the output terminal of the control power module is selectively connected to at least one power supply bus; the input terminal of the control power supply interface is selectively connected to at least one power supply bus; and at least one power supply bus is selectively connected to a shared bus.

[0007] This application enables power modules and power interfaces to selectively connect between different buses due to at least two power supply buses and a shared bus shared with multiple cabinets. When a power rack body, the power supply bus originally connected to the power interface, or its corresponding power supply path fails, the power module and power interface can switch to the power supply bus connected to the shared bus and further connect to the shared bus via a second bus to obtain power from other cabinets or other power racks. Insulating partitions are installed between the input bus and the shared bus, between the input bus and the cabinet side panel, and between the shared bus and the cabinet side panel to isolate the input bus and the shared bus. This solves the technical problem of entire cabinet power loss due to a single point of failure and reduces the insulation risk between the high-voltage input bus and the shared bus, achieving the technical effect of reducing the risk of cabinet-wide power outage due to power rack or output bus failures in high-power application scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0008] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0009] Figure 1 This is a power supply diagram of a power supply system in related technologies; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a power supply system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 A simplified diagram of the power supply framework of a power supply system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 A simplified circuit diagram of a power supply system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 A circuit implementation diagram of a switching module provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of an interlock circuit corresponding to a first driving circuit provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of an interlock circuit corresponding to a second driving circuit provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 A flowchart illustrating a power supply method provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a hierarchical communication network structure provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0010] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0011] It should be noted that, in the description of this application, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. The terms "first," "second," etc., in this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0012] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0013] like Figure 2 As shown, in a first aspect, this application provides a power supply system including multiple cabinets, a shared bus, and at least two input buses, wherein the input buses supply power to the multiple cabinets; each cabinet includes at least one power supply rack and at least two power supply buses, wherein at least one of the at least two power supply buses is selectively connected to the shared bus, and the input buses are connected to at least one power module in the at least one power supply rack; insulating partitions are provided between the input buses and the shared bus, between the input buses and the cabinet side panels, and between the shared bus and the cabinet side panels; The power supply rack includes: Multiple power modules, the output of which can be selectively connected to at least one power supply bus; At least one power supply interface, the input of which can be selectively connected to at least one power supply bus, and the output of which is used to connect to a load.

[0014] In the power supply system provided in this embodiment, multiple server racks and a shared bus form the basic components of the overall power supply structure. Each server rack contains at least one power supply rack and at least two power supply buses, which are used to distribute power under different power supply paths. At least one of the at least two power supply buses is selectively connected to the shared bus, allowing the server rack to form electrical connections with other server racks in addition to its own power supply resources. In this embodiment, the shared bus can be arranged in parallel along multiple server racks (e.g., it can be located at the top of the server racks) to transfer power between different server racks.

[0015] like Figure 2 As shown in this embodiment, the power supply system further includes at least two input buses for supplying power to multiple cabinets. Each input bus is connected to at least one power supply rack in the cabinet, and further connected to at least one power module in the power supply rack to provide input power to the power module. The input buses may include an A-path input bus and a B-path input bus, wherein the A-path input bus and the B-path input bus are respectively connected to different power modules through corresponding power distribution units. For example, the A-path input bus supplies power to some power modules through a first power distribution unit, and the B-path input bus supplies power to the remaining power modules through a second power distribution unit, thereby forming a dual-input power supply mode.

[0016] In one embodiment, both the input bus and the shared bus are routed in the upper area of ​​the cabinet. Since the input bus transmits high-voltage AC power, and the shared bus transmits low-voltage, high-current power between multiple cabinets, insulating partitions are installed between the input bus and the shared bus, between the input bus and the cabinet side panel, and between the shared bus and the cabinet side panel to prevent insulation failure between the two types of buses. The insulating partitions can be made of insulating materials such as glass fiber reinforced epoxy, glass fiber reinforced polyester, or ceramic-filled polybutylene terephthalate, and appropriate electrical clearances and creepage distances are set according to the system operating voltage. Furthermore, the input bus and the shared bus can be arranged in a staggered manner to reduce electric field concentration.

[0017] In one exemplary embodiment, the shared busbar can adopt a copper busbar structure, and the conductor specifications are selected according to the output current. To reduce the temperature rise during high-current operation, an insulation layer and a protective layer are provided on the outside of the shared busbar. The insulation layer can be formed of epoxy resin material, and the protective layer can be formed of silicone rubber material. Furthermore, the shared busbar can also adopt a liquid-cooled busbar structure, forming cooling channels inside the busbar, or adopt a laminated liquid-cooled busbar structure to improve the heat dissipation capacity of the busbar. The input busbar can adopt an integrally insulated encapsulated structure, leaving only the connection terminals exposed, to reduce the safety risks caused by exposed busbars.

[0018] In practical implementation, insulating partitions separate the input busbar, shared busbar, and cabinet metal side panels from each other, creating independent insulation zones between the input busbar and shared busbar, and reducing the risk of insulation failure between the input busbar and the cabinet metal structure. Simultaneously, the insulating partitions also serve as part of the busbar installation and fixing structure, providing positioning and support for the busbars and limiting busbar displacement during cabinet transportation, installation, or operation, thereby improving the safety and stability of the power supply system.

[0019] Regarding the internal structure of the power supply rack, in this embodiment, the power supply rack includes multiple power modules, each existing as an independent power output unit. The output terminal of each power module is not fixedly connected to a specific power supply bus, but can be selectively connected to at least one power supply bus. It is important to understand that when power is needed for the power supply interface, one or more power supply buses can be connected to the corresponding power module output terminal. In specific implementations, the selective connection between the output terminal and different buses can be achieved through, but is not limited to, relays, electronic switches, or equivalent switching units. This embodiment allows different power modules to be connected to different buses simultaneously, and also allows multiple power modules to be connected to the same bus at the same time, structurally providing conditions for flexible configuration of the power output path.

[0020] Regarding the power supply path for the load, this embodiment of the power supply rack also includes at least one power supply interface, which is used to output power to loads such as servers and switches inside the rack. The input end of the power supply interface is also configured to selectively connect to at least one power supply bus, allowing the power supply path on the load side to be switched between different buses. It should be understood that when power is needed for the power supply interface, one or more power supply buses can be connected to the corresponding power supply interface. In specific implementations, the power supply interface can be set up for a single server, or it can be centrally set up for multiple servers. The connection relationship between its input end and different power supply buses can be configured according to actual power supply needs. In this embodiment, the power supply interface only serves as an electrical connection node between the power supply bus and the load, and its structure and number can be adjusted according to the load scale within the rack.

[0021] Under the above structure, this embodiment achieves diverse combinations of power module output paths and load power draw paths through the relationship between at least two power supply buses and a shared bus within the cabinet. When a power module outputs to a certain power supply bus, the power supply interface can choose to draw power from that bus; when a power module outputs to a bus that can be connected to the shared bus, the power supply interface can also choose to draw power from that bus, and this bus can also selectively connect to the shared bus to obtain power from other cabinets when needed. This embodiment does not limit the specific operating state or switching sequence of each bus; it only uses the above structural arrangement to enable multiple optional connection relationships in the power supply paths within and between cabinets.

[0022] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, in an exemplary embodiment, the power supply system further includes multiple switch modules corresponding to multiple cabinets. The switch modules are disposed between a second bus and a shared bus in the cabinet. The switch modules are configured to selectively connect the second bus to the shared bus. The second bus is a power supply bus that can be selectively connected to the shared bus among at least two power supply buses. The first bus is at least one power supply bus other than the second bus among at least two power supply buses in the cabinet.

[0023] In this embodiment, multiple switch modules are further installed between multiple cabinets and the shared bus. These switch modules may correspond one-to-one with each cabinet, and each switch module is connected to the second bus in its corresponding cabinet. Specifically, the second bus in each cabinet is not directly and fixedly connected to the shared bus, but rather establishes a connection through a corresponding switch module. In this embodiment, the switch module serves as the electrical connection point between the second bus and the shared bus. Its physical location may, but is not limited to, being inside the cabinet, at the rear of the cabinet, or in a concentrated location near the shared bus, as long as it enables control over the connection status between the second bus and the shared bus.

[0024] In this embodiment, the switch module is configured to selectively connect the second bus to the shared bus, meaning the connection state between the second bus and the shared bus can be switched between on and off. Specific implementation methods can include, but are not limited to, using mechanical contactors, solid-state switches, or other equivalent electrical switch structures. This embodiment does not limit the control method of the switch module; the switch module can be controlled by a local control unit or by a higher-level control device. When the switch module is in the off state, the second bus and the shared bus are electrically isolated from each other. When the switch module is in the on state, an electrical connection is formed between the second bus and the shared bus.

[0025] Based on the above structure, this embodiment introduces a switch module between the second bus and the shared bus, enabling the connection between each cabinet and the shared bus to be independent and controllable. Whether each cabinet establishes an electrical connection with the shared bus is determined by its corresponding switch module, and different cabinets do not interfere with each other. This embodiment only limits the switch module to realize the selective connection between the second bus and the shared bus, and does not limit the linkage relationship or control logic of multiple switch modules, so that this structure can flexibly configure the electrical connection status between each cabinet and the shared bus as needed under different power supply scenarios.

[0026] like Figure 4 As shown, in an exemplary embodiment, the switch module includes a first switch S1 and a second switch S2; The first terminal of the first switch S1 is connected to the second bus, and the second terminal of the first switch S1 is connected to the shared bus, configured to selectively supply power from the second bus to the shared bus; The first end of the second switch S2 is connected to the shared bus, and the second end of the second switch S2 is connected to the second bus, configured to selectively supply power from the shared bus to the second bus.

[0027] The switching module in this embodiment may include, but is not limited to, a first switch S1 and a second switch S2, which correspond to different power supply directions between the second bus and the shared bus, respectively. The first terminal of the first switch S1 is connected to the second bus, and its output terminal is connected to the shared bus. The first switch S1 is configured to supply power from the second bus to the shared bus when needed. The first terminal of the second switch S2 is connected to the shared bus, and its output terminal is connected to the second bus. The second switch S2 is configured to supply power from the shared bus to the second bus when needed. This embodiment achieves bidirectional power supply between the second bus and the shared bus through two independent switching channels by physically distinguishing the power supply directions.

[0028] In specific implementation, the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 in this embodiment can be, but are not limited to, circuit breakers, contactors, or equivalent electrical switching devices, such as... Figure 4 As shown, it consists of, for example, two independent switching devices S1 and S2. Under normal operating conditions, both the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 are in the off state. At this time, the second busbar is electrically isolated from the shared busbar. The power supply in the cabinet depends only on the cabinet's own power rack and busbar structure. The electrical energy on the second busbar is only used to provide power to the load in the cabinet and does not interact with the shared busbar.

[0029] In one exemplary embodiment, the switch module may further include a busbar connection unit, a circuit breaker protection unit, and a current detection unit. The busbar connection unit is used to physically connect the second busbar and the shared busbar. The circuit breaker protection unit is used to enable and disable the connection between the corresponding busbars; the current detection unit is used to detect the current information in the corresponding busbar. The busbar connection unit may employ a busbar connection structure suitable for high current transmission, the circuit breaker protection unit may employ a smart circuit breaker, and the current detection unit may employ a Hall effect current sensor. Further, to adapt to high current power supply scenarios, the busbar connection unit may use copper conductors with an anti-oxidation layer on the conductor surface to reduce connection resistance. The circuit breaker protection unit may employ an electric operating mechanism to remotely open and close the circuit, and perform overcurrent protection or short-circuit protection based on the detection information output by the current detection unit. The current detection unit may be located at the busbar connection position to detect the current between the shared busbar and the second busbar in real time, providing power supply control and fault diagnosis for the cabinet monitoring module.

[0030] In an exemplary power supply scenario, when the server rack is in an abnormal state and requires power support from other racks, this embodiment controls the second switch S2 to be turned on while the first switch S1 remains off, allowing power from the shared bus to be input to the second bus via the second switch S2. At this time, the shared bus acts as the power source, supplying power to the second bus, which then supplies power to the load through the existing power supply path within the rack. In this embodiment, because the first switch S1 is off, reverse power output from the second bus to the shared bus is avoided, ensuring a single and clear power supply direction.

[0031] In another exemplary power supply scenario, when this rack is in normal operation while other racks malfunction and require power support, this embodiment controls the first switch S1 to be on and the second switch S2 to be off, allowing power from the second bus to be output to the shared bus via the first switch S1. At this time, the second bus of this rack acts as the power source, supplying power to the shared bus, which then distributes it to other racks. This embodiment, by using the mutually exclusive conduction of the first switch S1 and the second switch S2, limits the power supply path between the second bus and the shared bus to only one direction at any given time, making the power supply relationship clear and controllable, and preventing the introduction of simultaneous bidirectional conduction.

[0032] In one exemplary embodiment, the cabinet further includes a switching module corresponding to at least one power supply interface. The first input terminal of the switching module is connected to a first busbar, the second input terminal of the switching module is connected to a second busbar, and the output terminal of the switching module is connected to the corresponding power supply interface. The switching module is configured to selectively connect the power supply interface to the first busbar or the second busbar.

[0033] In this embodiment, a switching module is installed within the cabinet for at least one power supply interface. This module is used to select the power supply path for the corresponding power supply interface between the first bus and the second bus. The switching module has a first input terminal and a second input terminal, wherein the first input terminal is connected to the first bus and the second input terminal is connected to the second bus. The output terminal of the switching module is connected to the corresponding power supply interface. By introducing a switching module between the bus and the power supply interface, this embodiment provides a structural basis for the power supply interface not to be fixedly connected to a single bus, but rather to switch its connection relationship between different buses.

[0034] In this embodiment, the switching module is configured to selectively connect the power supply interface to either the first bus or the second bus. The specific implementation can be, but is not limited to, using a MOSFET, relay, electronic switch, or equivalent switching structure, such that at any given time, the power supply interface establishes an electrical connection with only one of the first or second bus, or simultaneously with both buses. This embodiment does not limit the control source of the switching module; it can be controlled by a monitoring unit within the cabinet or triggered by other control devices. Its function is solely to complete the electrical connection / disconnection between the bus and the power supply interface based on the selected state.

[0035] In the above structure, different power supply interfaces within the same cabinet in this embodiment can be configured with corresponding on / off modules, making the selection of power supply bus independent for each power supply interface. In specific implementation, it is possible, but not limited to, some power supply interfaces being connected to the first bus, and others being connected to the second bus, or switching the power supply bus of the same power supply interface under different operating states.

[0036] In one exemplary embodiment, the switching module includes a first power switch Q1 and a second power switch Q2; The first terminal of the first power switch Q1 is connected to the first bus, and the second terminal of the first power switch Q1 is connected to the power supply interface, configured to selectively connect the power supply interface to the first bus. The first terminal of the second power switch Q2 is connected to the second bus, and the second terminal of the second power switch Q2 is connected to the power supply interface, configured to selectively connect the power supply interface to the second bus.

[0037] The switching module in this embodiment may include, but is not limited to, a first power switch Q1 and a second power switch Q2, which respectively correspond to the connection paths between the power supply interface and the first bus and the second bus. The first end of the first power switch Q1 is connected to the first bus, and its output end is connected to the power supply interface. The first power switch Q1 is configured to connect the power supply interface to the first bus in a selected state. The first end of the second power switch Q2 is connected to the second bus, and its output end is connected to the power supply interface. The second power switch Q2 is configured to connect the power supply interface to the second bus in a selected state. This embodiment, by controlling the two power supply paths with independent power switches, enables the power supply interface to structurally select power sources from different buses.

[0038] In terms of specific implementation, in this embodiment, the first power switch Q1 and the second power switch Q2 can be, but are not limited to, power switching devices such as MOSFETs. Under normal operating conditions, in this embodiment, the cabinet monitoring module controls the first power switch Q1 to be turned on and the second power switch Q2 to be turned off, establishing an electrical connection between the power supply interface and the first bus. The power supply on the first bus is output to the power supply interface via the first power switch Q1 to power the loads within the cabinet. At this time, the power supply interface is only connected to the first bus, and the second bus is electrically isolated from the power supply interface through the second power switch Q2.

[0039] In one exemplary operating state, the cabinet monitoring module in this embodiment can control the first power switch Q1 to be turned on and the second power switch Q2 to be turned off, so that the power supply interface is electrically connected to the first bus. The power supply on the first bus is output to the power supply interface through the first power switch Q1 to power the load in the cabinet. In another exemplary operating state, the cabinet monitoring module can also control the second power switch Q2 to be turned on and the first power switch Q1 to be turned off, so that the power supply interface is electrically connected to the second bus, and the second bus provides power to the power supply interface. Furthermore, this embodiment does not limit the first power switch Q1 and the second power switch Q2 to be in a mutually exclusive conducting state. In some embodiments, the cabinet monitoring module can also control the first power switch Q1 and the second power switch Q2 to be turned on simultaneously, so that the power supply interface is electrically connected to both the first bus and the second bus, and the first bus and the second bus jointly supply power to the power supply interface.

[0040] Based on the above structure and operation, in this embodiment, the on / off module configures the power supply path of the power supply interface through the first power switch Q1 and the second power switch Q2, so that the power supply interface can be connected to only the first bus, only the second bus, or both the first and second buses in different states. In this embodiment, the conduction state of the first power switch Q1 and the second power switch Q2 is controlled by the cabinet monitoring module, and the specific conduction combination can be set according to the power supply requirements within the cabinet.

[0041] In one exemplary embodiment, the switching module can also be implemented using parallel electronic fuses. To meet the current carrying capacity requirements of high-current power supply scenarios, multiple electronic fuses can be connected in parallel, with each fuse handling a portion of the output current, and all controlled uniformly by the cabinet monitoring module. The electronic fuses can be set with current limits and support remote reset. In the event of an overcurrent or short-circuit fault, the electronic fuse quickly shuts off the corresponding path to reduce the impact of the fault current on the power supply system. Furthermore, the switching module can also work in conjunction with a contactor. During normal power supply, the contactor remains in the conducting state, and the electronic fuse participates in power supply as an electronic protection device. When a short-circuit or overcurrent fault is detected, the electronic fuse first cuts off the corresponding power supply circuit and then controls the contactor to disconnect, reducing the risk of contactor contact welding and thus improving the reliability of the switching module under high-current conditions.

[0042] In one exemplary embodiment, the cabinet further includes multiple switching modules corresponding to multiple power modules. The input terminal of the switching module is connected to the output terminal of the corresponding power module. The first output terminal of the switching module is connected to the first bus, and the second output terminal of the switching module is connected to the second bus. The switching module is configured to selectively connect the output terminal of the corresponding power module to the first bus or the second bus.

[0043] In this embodiment, multiple switching modules are set up within the cabinet for each of the multiple power modules, with each switching module corresponding to a specific power module. The input terminal of the switching module is connected to the output terminal of the corresponding power module, its first output terminal is connected to the first bus, and its second output terminal is connected to the second bus. Through this structure, this embodiment allows the output terminal of the power module to no longer be fixedly connected to a specific bus, but rather to establish a selectable connection between the first bus and the second bus through the switching module.

[0044] In this embodiment, the switching module is configured to selectively connect the output terminal of the corresponding power module to either the first bus or the second bus. The specific implementation can be, but is not limited to, using relays, electronic switches, or equivalent switching devices, so that the output power of the power module is guided to different buses under different operating states. This embodiment does not limit the control method of the switching module; the switching module can be controlled by the cabinet monitoring module or other control units. Its function is to complete the electrical connection between the power module output terminal and the target bus according to the selected state.

[0045] In the above structure, different power modules in this embodiment can be connected to the first bus or the second bus through their respective corresponding switching modules. In specific implementation, it is possible, but not limited to, some power modules being connected to the first bus and others to the second bus, or the output bus of the same power module being switched under different operating states.

[0046] In one exemplary embodiment, the switching module includes a third power switch Q3 and a fourth power switch Q4; The first terminal of the third power switch Q3 is connected to the output terminal of the corresponding power module, and the second terminal of the third power switch Q3 is connected to the first bus, configured to selectively connect the output terminal of the power module to the first bus. The first terminal of the fourth power switch Q4 is connected to the output terminal of the corresponding power module, and the second terminal of the fourth power switch Q4 is connected to the second bus, configured to selectively connect the output terminal of the power module to the second bus.

[0047] The switching module in this embodiment may include, but is not limited to, a third power switch Q3 and a fourth power switch Q4, which correspond to the connection paths from the power module output terminal to the first bus and the second bus, respectively. The first end of the third power switch Q3 is connected to the output terminal of the corresponding power module, and its output terminal is connected to the first bus. The third power switch Q3 is configured to connect the power module output terminal to the first bus in a selected state. Similarly, the first end of the fourth power switch Q4 is connected to the output terminal of the corresponding power module, and its output terminal is connected to the second bus. The fourth power switch Q4 is configured to connect the power module output terminal to the second bus in a selected state. This embodiment provides structural selectability for the output direction of the power module by setting independent power switches for the two output paths.

[0048] In terms of specific implementation, the third power switch Q3 and the fourth power switch Q4 in this embodiment can be, but are not limited to, power switching devices such as MOSFETs. By controlling the conduction state of Q3 and Q4, the connection between the output terminal of the power module and the first bus or the second bus can be realized. This embodiment does not limit the driving method of the power switches; the power switches can be controlled by the cabinet monitoring module or other control units, and their function is to switch the output path of the power module according to the current operating state.

[0049] In an exemplary normal operating state, this embodiment controls the third power switch Q3 to be turned on and the fourth power switch Q4 to be turned off, so that the output terminal of the power module is connected to the first bus via the third power switch Q3. At this time, the power module outputs electrical energy to the first bus, which is used to provide power to the load in the cabinet or subsequent power supply path. In an exemplary abnormal operating state, this embodiment controls the fourth power switch Q4 to be turned on and the third power switch Q3 to be turned off, so that the output terminal of the power module is connected to the second bus via the fourth power switch Q4, and the power supply direction of the power module is switched from the first bus to the second bus.

[0050] Based on the above structure and operation, in this embodiment, the switching module configures the connection objects at the output end of the power module through the third power switch Q3 and the fourth power switch Q4, allowing the same power module to selectively supply power to the first bus or the second bus under different states. This embodiment only limits the switching module to realize the selectable connection relationship between the output end of the power module and the first bus or the second bus, without further limiting the switching sequence, interlocking method, or protection mechanism of the power switches, so that the switching module can adapt to the power distribution requirements under different power supply states.

[0051] like Figure 5 In one exemplary embodiment, the third power switch Q3 includes a first transistor Q11 and a second transistor Q22, and the fourth power switch Q4 includes a third transistor Q33 and a fourth transistor Q44. The drain of the first transistor Q11 serves as the first terminal of the third power switch Q3 and is connected to the output terminal of the corresponding power module. The drain of the second transistor Q22 serves as the second terminal of the third power switch Q3 and is connected to the first bus. The source of the first transistor Q11 is connected to the source of the second transistor Q22. The drain of the third transistor Q33 is connected to the output terminal of the corresponding power module as the first terminal of the fourth power switch Q4, the drain of the fourth transistor Q44 is connected to the second bus as the second terminal of the fourth power switch Q4, and the source of the third transistor Q33 is connected to the source of the fourth transistor Q44.

[0052] In this embodiment, both the third power switch Q3 and the fourth power switch Q4 adopt a top-down structure consisting of two transistors, preferably NMOS transistors, connected back-to-back with their sources connected. Since MOS transistors inherently possess body diodes, this top-down structure allows for the simultaneous blocking of current in both directions during the off state, thus preventing reverse current due to body diode conduction. For high-current power supply scenarios, multiple sets of this top-down structure can be connected in parallel for each third power switch Q3 or fourth power switch Q4 to share the conduction current, reduce the conduction loss of individual transistors, and improve the current-carrying capacity of the entire switching module.

[0053] In this embodiment, by controlling the conduction states of the third power switch Q3 and the fourth power switch Q4 respectively, the output terminal of the corresponding power module can be connected to either the first bus or the second bus. When it is necessary to connect the corresponding power module to the first bus, the third power switch Q3 is turned on and the fourth power switch Q4 is turned off; when it is necessary to connect the corresponding power module to the second bus, the fourth power switch Q4 is turned on and the third power switch Q3 is turned off. Since the non-conducting path adopts a back-to-back MOS structure, it can block reverse current or cross-current between the first bus and the second bus, preventing a straight-through path from forming between the two buses.

[0054] For low-voltage, high-current power supply scenarios such as AI servers, where the bus current can reach thousands of amperes, the aforementioned top-down MOS structure can meet the bus switching requirements while also adapting to different output power demands by adding parallel branches. This reduces abnormal conduction caused by reverse current, body diode conduction, and other reasons during high-current switching, providing a hardware foundation for subsequent bus switching control, current detection, and protection control.

[0055] In one exemplary embodiment, a first driving circuit and a second driving circuit are also included. The output terminal of the first driving circuit is connected to the gate of the first transistor Q11 and the gate of the second transistor Q22, and the output terminal of the second driving circuit is connected to the gate of the third transistor Q33 and the gate of the fourth transistor Q44. The drive circuit is equipped with an interlock circuit, which is configured to cause the second drive circuit to output a turn-off signal when the first drive circuit outputs a drive signal, and to cause the first drive circuit to output a turn-off signal when the second drive circuit outputs a drive signal.

[0056] In this embodiment, the switching module further includes a first driving circuit and a second driving circuit, which are used to drive the third power switch Q3 and the fourth power switch Q4, respectively. Since the third power switch Q3 and the fourth power switch Q4 correspond to the first bus and the second bus, respectively, when both are turned on simultaneously, a direct path may be formed between the first bus and the second bus. Therefore, this embodiment incorporates an interlock circuit in the driving circuit to create a hardware-level interlock relationship between the two driving circuits, ensuring that only one driving circuit is allowed to output a conduction signal at any given time, while the other driving circuit remains off.

[0057] In this embodiment, when the first driving circuit outputs a driving signal, the interlock circuit pulls down the output node of the second driving circuit, keeping the second driving circuit in a turned-off state. Similarly, when the second driving circuit outputs a driving signal, the interlock circuit pulls down the output node of the first driving circuit, keeping the first driving circuit in a turned-off state. Even if both driving circuits receive the turn-on control signal simultaneously due to controller malfunction, driver failure, or interference, the interlock circuit can still limit the output of one driving signal through hardware, preventing the third power switch Q3 and the fourth power switch Q4 from turning on simultaneously.

[0058] By incorporating the aforementioned interlock circuit into the drive circuit, this embodiment achieves mutual exclusion control between the third power switch Q3 and the fourth power switch Q4 without relying entirely on software logic. This reduces the risk of direct connection between the first and second buses due to program anomalies, communication failures, or controller malfunctions. In the event of an anomaly, the interlock circuit can directly block the conduction signal at the drive end, thereby preventing bus short circuits, high-current surges, and cabinet power supply anomalies, thus improving the operational reliability and safety of the switching module under high-current power supply scenarios.

[0059] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 ,in Figure 6 Corresponding to the first driving circuit, Figure 7 Corresponding to the second driving circuit. In an exemplary embodiment, the interlock circuit includes a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a diode D1, and a fifth transistor Q7; The first end of the third resistor R3 serves as the input terminal of the corresponding driving circuit. The second end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the anode of diode D1, the gate of the first transistor Q11, and the gate of the second transistor Q22. The cathode of diode D1 is connected to the first end of the fourth resistor R4, the first end of the fifth resistor R5, and the first end of the fifth transistor Q7. The second end of the fifth transistor Q7 is connected to the second end of the fifth resistor R5 and ground. The gate of the fifth transistor Q7 serves as the input terminal of another driving circuit. The second end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the gate of the third transistor Q33 and the gate of the fourth transistor Q44.

[0060] In this embodiment, the interlock circuit employs a hardware interlock structure composed of transistors, resistors, and diode D1. This interlock circuit is positioned between the first and second driving circuits, respectively, and achieves hardware interlocking between the two driving paths through the constraint between the driving signals. When one driving circuit outputs a driving signal normally, the fifth transistor Q7 corresponding to the other driving circuit remains off, allowing the corresponding driving signal to be output normally to the corresponding transistor. When the other driving circuit abnormally outputs a driving signal, the fifth transistor Q7 turns on, pulling the corresponding driving node low, thereby suppressing the output of the corresponding driving signal.

[0061] For example, when the first driving circuit outputs a high-level driving signal to turn on the third power switch Q3, if the second driving circuit also outputs a high-level driving signal due to a fault or interference, the corresponding fifth transistor Q7 of the second driving circuit will turn on, pulling the output node of the second driving circuit low and preventing the fourth power switch Q4 from turning on. Similarly, when the second driving circuit outputs a high-level driving signal, if the first driving circuit abnormally outputs a high-level driving signal, the corresponding fifth transistor Q7 of the first driving circuit will turn on, pulling the output node of the first driving circuit low and keeping the third power switch Q3 off. Therefore, regardless of whether the control signal is abnormal, it can be ensured that the third power switch Q3 and the fourth power switch Q4 will not turn on simultaneously.

[0062] In this embodiment, the interlock function is implemented entirely by hardware circuitry, achieving mutual exclusion control of drive signals without relying on processor software judgment or communication status. Even when the controller malfunctions, the program malfunctions, or the drive signal is subjected to electromagnetic interference, the interlock circuit can still directly limit the drive signal output, preventing a direct loop between the first and second buses. This avoids high-current surges, bus short circuits, and abnormal power module shutdowns, improving the operational safety and reliability of the power supply system in low-voltage, high-current application scenarios.

[0063] like Figure 5 In one exemplary embodiment, the third power switch Q3 further includes a first resistor R1 and a first differential operational amplifier, and the fourth power switch Q4 further includes a second resistor R2 and a second differential operational amplifier IC4. The first end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the source of the first transistor Q11 and the first input terminal of the first differential operational amplifier, respectively. The second end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the source of the second transistor Q22 and the second input terminal of the first differential operational amplifier, respectively. The first end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the source of the third transistor Q33 and the first input of the second differential operational amplifier IC4, respectively. The second end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the source of the fourth transistor Q44 and the second input of the second differential operational amplifier IC4, respectively. The outputs of the first differential operational amplifier and the second differential operational amplifier IC4 are connected to the device controlling each transistor (wherein the first differential operational amplifier...). Figure 5 (Not shown in the drawing).

[0064] In one exemplary embodiment, the third power switch Q3 and the fourth power switch Q4 are each equipped with a current sampling circuit for real-time detection of the conduction current of the corresponding path. The first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 serve as current sampling resistors, converting the current in the corresponding path into a voltage signal. The first differential operational amplifier and the second differential operational amplifier IC4 amplify the voltage difference signal across the sampling resistors to improve the detection accuracy of small voltage difference signals, and output the amplified signal to the control device that controls each transistor. The control device can be a PMC (Power Management Controller) or other processor with control functions.

[0065] In this embodiment, the control device determines the actual conduction state of each path based on the detection signals output by the first differential operational amplifier and the second differential operational amplifier IC4. For example, when the third power switch Q3 is in the on state and the fourth power switch Q4 is in the off state, if the control device detects that the sampling current corresponding to the fourth power switch Q4 is greater than a preset threshold, it determines that there is abnormal conduction in the off path, and there is a risk of shoot-through between the first bus and the second bus. Similarly, when the fourth power switch Q4 is in the on state and the third power switch Q3 is in the off state, if an abnormal current is detected in the path corresponding to the third power switch Q3, it determines that the third power switch Q3 has abnormal conduction.

[0066] When the control equipment detects the above-mentioned abnormal situation, it can immediately shut down the drive signals corresponding to the third power switch Q3 and the fourth power switch Q4, and control the corresponding power modules to stop outputting, thereby cutting off the connection between the power modules and the first and second buses. This prevents high current surges, bus short circuits, or abnormal power supply to the cabinet due to bus shoot-through. Simultaneously, because the sampling circuit can continuously monitor the operating status of each path, it can complete detection and protection in the early stages of abnormal conduction, improving operational safety during bus switching and reducing the risk of power outages to the entire cabinet due to switching device failure.

[0067] In one exemplary embodiment, the system further includes: a voltage sampling device, which is respectively disposed between the input bus and the shared bus, between the input bus and the cabinet side panel, and between the shared bus and the cabinet side panel; the voltage sampling device includes a capacitor voltage divider isolation sampling circuit; and a current sampling device, which includes a Rogowski coil disposed outside the corresponding bus and an optical fiber transmission circuit connected to the Rogowski coil; the optical fiber transmission circuit is respectively connected to the cabinet monitoring module and the cabinet group management module.

[0068] Specifically, the voltage sampling device employs a capacitive voltage divider isolated sampling circuit to detect high-voltage bus voltage. This circuit uses high-voltage capacitors to form a voltage divider network, acquiring the voltage information of the corresponding bus through capacitive coupling. This maintains electrical isolation between the sampling circuit and the bus under test, preventing high voltage from being directly introduced into the monitoring circuit. Furthermore, since the capacitive voltage divider circuit itself does not form a DC conduction path, it reduces insulation design complexity while meeting bus voltage detection requirements, making it suitable for monitoring the insulation status between the input bus and the shared bus, as well as between the bus and the cabinet side panel.

[0069] Specifically, the current sampling device uses a Rogowski coil for current detection. Because the Rogowski coil has a hollow structure, it does not require a direct electrical connection to the busbar being measured, thus enabling non-contact current sampling in high-current applications and preventing large currents from directly entering the detection circuit. For high-current buses such as shared buses, corresponding Rogowski coils can be installed according to the busbar's layout to obtain current changes on each busbar, providing detection data for subsequent power supply status assessment.

[0070] Furthermore, the sampling signals output by both the voltage and current sampling devices are transmitted via fiber optic transmission circuits. These circuits ensure electrical isolation between the sampling and control circuits and reduce the impact of electromagnetic interference on signal transmission under high-current and high-voltage conditions. Once the rack monitoring module receives the corresponding sampling information, it can further transmit it to the rack group management module for power status monitoring, fault diagnosis, and power scheduling among the racks. This reduces the likelihood of interference with monitoring signals and improves the reliability of monitoring data in high-power, high-current power supply scenarios.

[0071] In one exemplary embodiment, the cabinet monitoring module determines the insulation status between the input bus and the shared bus, as well as between the bus and the cabinet side panel, based on monitoring information uploaded by the voltage and current sampling devices. When an abnormal insulation status is detected at the corresponding location, the cabinet monitoring module generates fault information and sends it to the cabinet group management module. The cabinet group management module then controls the corresponding switch module to disconnect the shared bus connection, isolating the faulty cabinet from the shared bus, preventing the high-voltage input side fault from spreading to the shared bus, and improving the safety of the power supply system operation.

[0072] In one exemplary embodiment, the cabinet further includes a power slot, in which the switching module is installed or integrated into the corresponding power module.

[0073] In this embodiment, the cabinet also includes a power supply slot for installing power modules, and the switching module and the power module are structurally corresponding. The switching module can be installed inside the power supply slot, i.e., located between the power module and the cabinet bus, for switching the output path of the power module; alternatively, the switching module can be directly integrated into the corresponding power module, allowing the power module to select the output bus within its own structure. This embodiment does not limit the specific physical location of the switching module, as long as it enables selectable connection between the power module output and the first or second bus.

[0074] In one implementation, the switching module in this embodiment is located within the power supply slots, specifically at the rear end of each power supply slot in the power supply rack. When a power module is inserted into a power supply slot, its output terminal is first electrically connected to the switching module, which then guides the power to the first or second busbar. In this embodiment, the switching module and the power supply module are relatively independent, making it suitable for applications requiring compatibility with different models or specifications of power supply modules within the same rack. The switching function is uniformly implemented from the power supply slot side.

[0075] In another implementation, the switching module is integrated within the power supply module, with the power supply module itself controlling the output direction switching. In this case, the power supply module's external interface can directly establish an electrical connection with either the first or second bus based on the switching status. In this embodiment, the switching module is integrated with the power supply module, making it suitable for applications requiring consistent power supply module configurations across different power racks or cabinet structures. This embodiment allows for multiple structural arrangements of the power supply path from the power supply module to the first or second bus by allowing the switching module to be located either in the power supply slot or inside the power supply module.

[0076] In one exemplary embodiment, a power management controller is further included, which is disposed inside the power rack and connected to multiple power modules; the power management controller is configured to obtain the operating status of multiple power modules in the corresponding rack, and control the output terminal of the power module to selectively connect to a first bus or a second bus according to the operating status.

[0077] In this embodiment, each power rack within the cabinet is equipped with a power management controller. The power management controller establishes a control and information interaction relationship with multiple power modules within the cabinet. The power management controller is configured to acquire the operating status of each power module within the corresponding cabinet. The operating status may include, but is not limited to, information such as the power module's running status, output status, or abnormal status. In this embodiment, the power management controller acts as a unified control node for multiple power modules, centrally managing the power output methods of the power modules within the cabinet.

[0078] In this embodiment, the power management controller is connected to the control terminals of multiple switching modules located within the power supply slot or integrated within the power supply module. Each switching module is matched with a corresponding power supply module, and the power management controller provides unified control over all switching modules. By controlling the operating state of each switching module, the power management controller can determine whether the output terminal of the corresponding power supply module is connected to the first bus or the second bus. In this embodiment, the power supply output paths of each power supply module are not switched independently and randomly, but are centrally coordinated by the power management controller.

[0079] In this embodiment, the power management controller can be an independent hardware control unit, such as a dedicated power management device integrating analog sampling, digital logic, and communication interfaces. It can be, but is not limited to, fixedly mounted on a circuit board of the power supply rack. The controller collects real-time operating status parameters such as output voltage, current, and temperature of each power module through a sampling circuit, and connects to the switching module at the back end of each power module via digital signal lines or a communication bus. The control logic is as follows: based on a preset strategy or instructions from an upper-level module (in the following embodiment, the upper-level module is the rack monitoring module), a control signal is sent to the designated switching module to drive the power switching devices therein to switch on and off, thereby switching the output of the corresponding power module to the target power supply bus, achieving dynamic and selective control of the power supply path.

[0080] In one exemplary operating configuration, the power management controller in this embodiment can be set to a default operating mode, causing the output terminals of each power module to be connected to the first bus via a corresponding switching module. In other operating states, the power management controller can control some or all of the switching modules to change their connection relationships based on the obtained operating states of the power modules, causing the output terminals of the corresponding power modules to be connected to the second bus. This embodiment only limits the power management controller to controlling the connection relationship between the output terminals of the power modules and the first or second bus based on the operating states of the power modules; it does not further limit the judgment conditions or switching strategies, allowing this control method to adapt to application requirements in different power supply scenarios.

[0081] In one exemplary embodiment, a cabinet monitoring module is also included, which is located on any one of the power supply racks or in the middle of at least two power supply racks inside the cabinet and is communicatively connected to the corresponding power management controller. The cabinet monitoring module is configured to receive the working status of multiple power supply modules reported by the power management controller, and control the power supply interface to selectively connect to at least one power supply bus according to the working status, and control the second bus to selectively connect to a shared bus.

[0082] This embodiment also includes a rack monitoring module, with each module controlling one rack. Serving as the host computer for the power management controller, the module can be located on any power rack or in the middle of at least two power racks. The rack monitoring module establishes a communication connection with the corresponding power management controller. Through this connection, the rack monitoring module can receive the operating status of multiple power modules reported by the power management controller. The operating status can reflect, but is not limited to, whether the power modules are in normal output, limited output, or abnormal state. In this embodiment, the rack monitoring module acts as a rack-level status perception and control unit, acquiring the overall operating status of the power modules.

[0083] In this embodiment, the rack monitoring module controls the power supply bus of the power supply interface based on the received operating status of multiple power modules and possible upper-level control commands. Specifically, the rack monitoring module can control the on / off module corresponding to the power supply interface, allowing the power supply interface to selectively connect to the first bus or the second bus. Simultaneously, the rack monitoring module can also control the switch module located between the second bus and the shared bus, allowing the second bus to selectively connect or disconnect from the shared bus. In this way, the load connected to the power supply interface can structurally obtain power from either the first or second bus, and its power supply path is configured by the rack monitoring module based on the current operating status of the power modules and commands. Furthermore, the rack monitoring module also controls whether the rack can access or provide cross-rack power supply capabilities.

[0084] In the above structure, the power management controller in this embodiment is responsible for collecting and reporting the operating status of the power modules, while the rack monitoring module is responsible for selecting and controlling the connection status of the power supply interface bus and the connection status between the second bus and the shared bus based on the operating status (and instructions). The two modules have a functional division of labor. This embodiment only limits the rack monitoring module to controlling the connection relationship between the power supply interface and the first or second bus, and the connection relationship between the second bus and the shared bus, based on the operating status (and possible instructions) reported by the power management controller. It does not further limit the communication method, control logic, or switching conditions, enabling this implementation to adapt to application scenarios with different rack power management needs.

[0085] It should be noted that the specific implementation of the rack monitoring module can be flexibly configured, as long as it is a processing unit with computing and control capabilities. In a specific implementation, this module can be integrated into an existing computing device within the rack, such as the management subsystem of a server or switch connected to a power supply interface. This server / switch, acting as a load within the rack, can have its internal management controller (such as a Baseboard Management Controller (BMC)) or any other processor with independent computing logic configured to additionally perform the functions of the rack monitoring module while carrying its own workload. This module interacts with the power management controller and its corresponding upper-level management module (the rack group management module described in the following embodiments) via a communication interface, and outputs control signals to the on / off module and the switch module. In scenarios where the processor in a load connected via a power supply interface acts as a rack monitoring module, to further enhance reliability, especially in response to extreme situations such as momentary power outages or voltage instability (i.e., insufficient switching speed for seamless transition) during power bus switching, the server / switch carrying this monitoring function can be additionally configured with a local emergency power supply module (such as a supercapacitor, small-capacity battery, or BBU (Battery Backup Unit)) internally or externally. When a bus switching event is detected or predicted, this emergency power supply module can be activated to provide temporary power to the server / switch's core control circuitry during the switching process, ensuring its continuous operation and stable control, thereby avoiding the risk of the entire switching process failing due to the control unit's own power failure. Furthermore, the rack monitoring module can also be a standalone dedicated control device, such as a standalone server built on an embedded processor or industrial control motherboard. This device may, but is not limited to, have an independent power input interface, and can be connected separately to the rack's power bus or configured with an independent power supply. As a dedicated control processor for the rack's workload, its operation is independent of the state of any specific server, resulting in higher reliability.

[0086] In one exemplary embodiment, the power supply system further includes a rack group management module, which is located outside multiple racks and is communicatively connected to multiple rack monitoring modules. The rack group management module is configured to receive the working status of multiple power modules and power supply buses reported by the rack monitoring module, generate power supply scheduling instructions based on the working status, and send the power supply scheduling instructions to the corresponding rack monitoring module.

[0087] In this embodiment, the power supply system also includes a rack group management module, located outside multiple racks. This module establishes communication connections with multiple rack monitoring modules. Through these connections, the rack group management module can receive information reported by the rack monitoring modules of different racks, including the operating status of multiple power modules and power buses. In this embodiment, the rack group management module is positioned above the rack-level control and is used to aggregate the power supply operating status of multiple racks.

[0088] In this embodiment, the rack group management module generates power supply scheduling commands based on the received operating status of multiple power modules and sends these commands to the corresponding rack monitoring modules to coordinate and control the connection status between at least the power supply bus and the shared bus in each rack. Specifically, the rack group management module can send scheduling commands to the rack monitoring module of the corresponding rack, which then controls the switching modules within its rack to change the on / off state between the power supply bus and the shared bus. In this way, the rack group management module centrally schedules whether different racks establish an electrical connection with the shared bus. It should be understood that in this embodiment, the second bus connected to the power supply bus can be one or more redundant buses.

[0089] In the above structure, the rack monitoring module in this embodiment is responsible for collecting and reporting the working status of the power modules within its own rack, and executing the scheduling instructions issued by the rack group management module. The rack group management module makes decisions based on the overall working status of multiple racks and issues scheduling instructions to configure the electrical connection relationships across racks. This embodiment only limits the rack group management module to generating scheduling instructions based on the working status of the power modules and power supply buses to coordinate and control the connection status between at least one power supply bus and the shared bus of each rack. It does not further limit the communication method, decision rules, or control timing, so that this management method can adapt to the power supply methods under rack groups of different sizes.

[0090] It should be noted that the rack cluster management module is typically implemented as an independent control server deployed in the data center management network or as a service integrated into the central management platform. Its hardware can be a server, switch, or high-availability cluster. The computing power of the server or switch corresponding to this rack cluster management module is no less than that of the server or switch corresponding to the rack monitoring module. It is equipped with an independent network interface and establishes communication connections with the rack monitoring modules in each rack through a network or dedicated control bus to collect real-time power status, load requirements, and redundancy capacity of the entire rack cluster. To achieve high reliability, this rack cluster management module can be powered by, but is not limited to, the data center's uninterruptible power supply system, ensuring continuous operation under various abnormal scenarios.

[0091] like Figure 8Secondly, this application also provides a power supply method applied to the power supply system described above, the power supply method comprising: S11: The output of the control power module can be selectively connected to at least one power supply bus; The control actions in this step are based on the selectable connection between the power module and at least two power supply buses in the power supply system. Specifically, the output of each power module is not fixedly connected to a specific power supply bus, but rather establishes selectable paths with different power supply buses through a switching unit (which may be, but is not limited to, a relay, contactor, or solid-state power switch) set in this embodiment. By sending corresponding control signals (such as high and low levels) to the switching unit, the internal switching devices can be driven to operate, thereby connecting or disconnecting the electrical connection between the power module output and the target power supply bus.

[0092] This step allows any power module to be assigned to a different power bus based on its health status, the load distribution requirements within the cabinet, or system-level scheduling instructions. For example, all normally functioning power modules can be configured to output to the same power bus for centralized power supply; alternatively, they can be distributed and connected to different power buses to achieve power path isolation or redundancy.

[0093] S12: The input terminal of the control power supply interface can be selectively connected to at least one power supply bus; The control actions described in this step correspond to the selectable connection relationship between the input terminal of the power supply interface and at least two power supply buses. The power supply interface serves as the power input node for loads (such as servers and switches) within the cabinet. Its input terminal establishes selectable paths with different power supply buses through the on / off module (which may, but is not limited to, a relay, contactor, or power switch) configured in this embodiment. By issuing corresponding control commands to this on / off module, the state changes of its internal switching elements can be driven, thereby connecting or disconnecting the power supply interface from a specific power supply bus, enabling the power supply path of a single load to switch between multiple power sources. This step can dynamically configure the power source based on the load's operating requirements, the status of the power supply buses, or management strategies.

[0094] S13: Control at least one power supply bus to be selectively connected to a shared bus.

[0095] The control actions in this step correspond to the selectable connection between at least one power supply bus and the shared bus within the cabinet. This embodiment achieves this through a switch module positioned between the corresponding power supply bus and the shared bus. This switch module can be, but is not limited to, an air switch, a contactor, or a power semiconductor switch with electrical isolation capabilities. By sending opening / closing commands or level control signals to this switch module, the action of its internal contacts or switching devices can be driven, thereby establishing or disconnecting the electrical path between the power supply bus and the shared bus. This allows for a controllable connection between the internal power supply network of a single cabinet and the shared power supply network across cabinets. This step can dynamically manage the connection between the cabinet and the shared bus based on the cabinet's own power supply status and system operating requirements. For example, during normal operation and without external support, the control switch module is in the off state, allowing the cabinet's power supply bus to operate independently. When the cabinet needs to obtain power from an external source or needs to provide power support to an external system, the control switch module is turned on, electrically connecting its power supply bus to the shared bus, enabling on-demand power flow between different cabinets and achieving cross-cabinet power sharing and scheduling.

[0096] In one exemplary embodiment, when the status of multiple power modules is normal and the status of the bus in the cabinet is normal; The output terminal of the control power module can be selectively connected to at least one power supply bus, including: the output terminal of the control power module is connected to a first bus; The input terminal of the control power supply interface can be selectively connected to at least one power supply bus, including: the input terminal of the control power supply interface is connected to a first bus; Controlling at least one power supply bus to be selectively connected to a shared bus includes: controlling a second bus to disconnect from the shared bus; The second busbar is at least one of the at least two power supply buses that can be selectively connected to the shared busbar, and the first busbar is at least one of the at least two power supply buses in the cabinet other than the second busbar.

[0097] This embodiment describes the power supply mode when all system components are in normal working order. This mode describes a default connection between power modules, power interfaces, and the cabinet and shared bus network. In this mode, at least two power supply buses within the cabinet are logically distinguished as a first bus and a second bus. The first bus is designated as the main power distribution channel within the cabinet, used to carry the power generated by the local power source and supply power to local loads. A certain number of output terminals of all normally functioning power modules are connected to this first bus according to power demand, thus converging the power generated within the cabinet onto the same path. Simultaneously, the input terminals of all power interfaces within the cabinet are also controlled to connect to the same first bus, allowing various loads to draw power from this locally sourced power bus, achieving direct coupling between the power source and loads on the local bus, forming a complete local power supply closed loop.

[0098] The second busbar is defined as one or more buses within the cabinet that have the capability to interconnect with the shared busbar. In this normal operating mode, the switch module controlling the connection between the second busbar and the shared busbar is kept in the off state, disconnecting the second busbar from the external shared busbar network. This makes the second busbar an independent, inactive backup power supply path or interconnection interface, electrically isolating the power supply network of this cabinet from the shared power supply network across cabinets.

[0099] With the above configuration, the first bus acts as the active working bus, undertaking all local power transmission and distribution tasks; while the second bus, as the standby interconnection bus, physically exists but is not yet connected to the external network. For example, when a need for power interaction with other cabinets is detected, this embodiment can control the switching of the connection between the power module and the power supply interface, and connect the second bus to the shared bus, thereby smoothly transitioning to the cross-cabinet power supply mode.

[0100] In one exemplary embodiment, when the power rack or the first busbar of the first cabinet malfunctions, the output of the control power module can be selectively connected to at least one power supply busbar, including: controlling the output of the power module in the first cabinet to disconnect from the first busbar among at least two buses and connect to the second busbar among at least two buses via a power management controller; the input of the control power interface can be selectively connected to at least one power supply busbar, including: controlling the input of the control power interface to disconnect from the first busbar and connect to the second busbar via a cabinet monitoring module in the first cabinet; the at least one power supply busbar can be selectively connected to a shared busbar, including: receiving fault information from the first cabinet and sending connection instructions to the cabinet monitoring module of the first cabinet and the cabinet monitoring module of at least one second cabinet according to the fault information, so as to control the corresponding second busbar to connect to the shared busbar; wherein, the second cabinet is a normal cabinet other than the first cabinet.

[0101] This embodiment describes the cross-level collaborative control logic executed when the power rack or first bus of the first cabinet (i.e., the faulty cabinet) malfunctions. Specifically, the power management controller monitors the operating status of the power racks and power buses within its cabinet. When a power rack malfunction or output anomaly is detected (specifically, when the cabinet contains more than one power rack, this could be when all power racks malfunction or output anomalies are detected), the power management controller reports the corresponding fault information to the cabinet monitoring module and adjusts the output paths of the power modules within the cabinet. Specifically, the power management controller disconnects multiple power modules from the first bus.

[0102] At the rack-level control layer, in this embodiment, the rack monitoring module receives fault information reported by the power management controller and further reports this fault information to the rack group management module. Upon receiving the fault information, the rack monitoring module adjusts the power supply path of the power supply interface within the rack. Specifically, it disconnects the power supply interface from the first bus and controls the power supply interface to connect to the second bus. Simultaneously, the rack monitoring module also controls the second bus of the rack to connect to the shared bus. Through this operation, the load within the rack switches from drawing power from the first bus to drawing power from the second bus, consistent with the change in the output direction of the power module.

[0103] At the rack group level control layer, in this embodiment, the rack group management module receives fault information from the rack monitoring module and configures the electrical connection relationship across racks based on the overall status of multiple racks. The rack group management module sends scheduling instructions to the rack monitoring modules of the faulty rack and at least one normal second rack to control the corresponding second bus to connect to the shared bus, so that the normal racks and the faulty racks can form an electrical connection relationship through the shared bus.

[0104] Under the aforementioned coordinated control, in this embodiment, the power management controller, cabinet monitoring module, and cabinet group management module perform status reporting and connection control operations at different levels. The power management controller controls the connection between the power module and the corresponding power supply bus; the cabinet monitoring module controls the switching of the power supply interface bus; and the cabinet group management module controls the configuration of the connection status between the second bus and the shared bus. This embodiment only limits the corresponding control behaviors of the above modules in fault conditions and does not further limit the specific fault determination methods, control timing, or linkage strategies.

[0105] In one exemplary embodiment, receiving fault information from a first rack and sending connection commands to the rack monitoring module of the first rack and at least one rack monitoring module of a second rack based on the fault information to control the corresponding second bus to connect to the shared bus includes: receiving fault information and load demand information reported by the rack monitoring module of the faulty first rack, and broadcasting the fault information and load demand information to the rack monitoring modules of other normal second racks; obtaining power supply capacity information reported by the rack monitoring modules of other normal second racks; determining the target second rack that needs to be supported based on the load demand information and power supply capacity information; sending scheduling commands to the rack monitoring modules of the first rack and the target second rack to control the corresponding rack monitoring modules to connect the corresponding second bus to the shared bus; and controlling the output terminal of at least one power module in the target second rack to connect to the corresponding second bus through a power management controller.

[0106] In this embodiment, the rack group management module is responsible for information collection and scheduling control within the rack group. When the rack monitoring module of the first faulty rack reports fault information and corresponding load demand information to the rack group management module, the rack group management module receives and records this information. The load demand information may, but is not limited to, reflect the power supply capacity required by the current load of the faulty rack. Based on this information, the rack group management module determines the external power supply compensation requirement of the first faulty rack.

[0107] During information exchange, in this embodiment, the rack group management module broadcasts fault information and load demand information to the rack monitoring modules in other normal second racks. Upon receiving the broadcast information, the rack monitoring modules of each normal second rack confirm the power supply capacity of the power rack within their rack and report the corresponding power supply capacity information to the rack group management module. The power supply capacity information may, but is not limited to, represent the rack's ability to provide power externally through the second bus, reflecting its degree of capability to participate in external power supply.

[0108] In terms of scheduling and control, in this embodiment, the rack group management module determines the normal racks that need support based on the received load demand information and the power supply capacity information reported by multiple normal second racks, and sends scheduling instructions to the rack monitoring modules of these selected normal racks. Upon receiving the scheduling instructions, the rack monitoring module controls the second bus of its rack to connect to the shared bus, thereby enabling the selected normal racks to supply power to the faulty first rack through the corresponding second bus and the shared bus. In this embodiment, the scheduling result is reflected in the rack monitoring module's control over the connection status of the second bus and the shared bus of the relevant racks, the connection status of the power supply interface and the power supply bus, and the connection status of the power module and the power supply bus, ensuring that the selected normal second racks and the faulty first rack form an electrical power supply path.

[0109] In this embodiment, a two-way information interaction relationship is established between the rack monitoring module and the rack group management module. The rack monitoring module not only reports fault information or power supply capacity information for its own rack, but also responds to broadcast requests from the rack group management module and executes specific connection control commands. This embodiment only limits the rack group management module to scheduling racks based on load demand information and power supply capacity information, and to implementing power supply arrangements through the second bus and shared bus. It coordinates the establishment of power supply paths by issuing commands to the rack monitoring module. No further limitations are placed on the scheduling algorithm, broadcast method, or the number of racks requiring power supply, enabling this embodiment to adapt to rack group application scenarios of different sizes and load distributions.

[0110] In one exemplary embodiment, obtaining power supply capacity information reported by the rack monitoring modules of other normal second racks includes: obtaining redundant power supply capacity information reported by the rack monitoring modules of other normal second racks; determining the selected normal rack based on the redundant power supply capacity information of each normal rack, and sending a connection command to the rack monitoring module of the selected normal rack; determining the target second rack that needs to be supported based on load demand information and power supply capacity information, including: determining the selected target second rack based on load demand information and the redundant power supply capacity information of the second rack.

[0111] During information broadcasting and collection, in this embodiment, the rack group management module broadcasts fault information and load demand information to the rack monitoring modules in other racks that are in normal condition. Upon receiving the broadcast information, each normal rack monitoring module determines the redundant power supply capacity information of its rack based on the power module status information reported by the power management controller it is connected to. The redundant power supply capacity information may, but is not limited to, reflect the idle power of the power modules in the current rack, the available output capacity of the power rack, and the power supply capacity that can be provided externally through the second bus, and is reported by the rack monitoring module to the rack group management module.

[0112] In an exemplary fault scenario, for example, both power racks of the first cabinet malfunction or experience output abnormalities, such as a short circuit or device failure on the first bus output. Upon detecting the abnormality, the power management controller inside the faulty first cabinet immediately controls the switching module within the power rack to disconnect the first bus and switch the power module's output to the second bus to isolate the fault path. Simultaneously, the cabinet monitoring module of the faulty first cabinet controls the on / off module to switch the power supply path of the power interface from the first bus to the second bus. Subsequently, the cabinet monitoring module of the faulty first cabinet reports the fault information and the required load power to the cabinet group management module. During the scheduling decision-making process, in this embodiment, the cabinet group management module receives redundant power supply capacity information from other normal second cabinets and determines the selected target second cabinet based on the load status and redundant power supply capacity of each normal second cabinet. The cabinet group management module sends a scheduling command to the cabinet monitoring module of the selected target second cabinet; upon receiving the scheduling command, the cabinet monitoring module controls the second bus of its cabinet to connect to the shared bus, enabling it to supply power to the faulty first cabinet through the shared bus. Meanwhile, the rack group management module further controls the number of power modules in each normal rack that participate in external power supply by issuing instructions to the rack monitoring module or power management controller, thereby limiting the amount of external power supply.

[0113] In a specific numerical example, consider a faulty rack 2 with a required load power of 33kW. Rack 1 has two power supply racks, each containing six power modules with a rated power of 5.5kW. Each power supply rack can provide 33kW of output power, and rack 1 has a total output capacity of 66kW. If rack 1's current load requirement is 22kW, its redundant power supply capacity is 44kW. In this case, the rack group management module can send a command to rack 1's rack monitoring module, which will control four power modules to connect to the second bus via a switching module, thus outputting 22kW of power to the shared bus. The remaining 22kW remains as rack 1's own redundancy. Simultaneously, rack 3 can also allocate two power modules in a similar manner, providing 11kW of power. Therefore, racks 1 and 3, through their respective second buses and the shared bus, jointly provide 33kW of power to the faulty rack 2, ensuring that the critical load of rack 2 can continue to operate even in a faulty state. This embodiment achieves dynamic allocation of redundant power supply capacity within the cabinet group through status reporting, capacity assessment, and bus connection control between the aforementioned modules.

[0114] In one exemplary embodiment, when some power modules in the first cabinet malfunction and the remaining normal power modules' power supply capacity is insufficient to meet the load requirements of the first cabinet; the output terminals of the power modules are selectively connected to at least one power supply bus, including: controlling the output terminals of the faulty power modules in the first cabinet to disconnect from the first bus via a power management controller, and keeping the output terminals of the normal power modules in the first cabinet connected to the first bus; the input terminals of the power supply interfaces are selectively connected to at least one power supply bus, including: controlling the input terminals of the power supply interfaces to simultaneously connect to the first bus and the second bus via a cabinet monitoring module in the first cabinet; at least one power supply bus is selectively connected to a shared bus, including: receiving information about insufficient power supply capacity in the first cabinet, and sending scheduling instructions to the cabinet monitoring module of the first cabinet and the cabinet monitoring module of at least one second cabinet according to the insufficient power supply capacity information, so as to control the corresponding second bus to connect to the shared bus; wherein, the second cabinet is a normal cabinet other than the first cabinet.

[0115] In this embodiment, the power management controller continuously monitors the operating status and output of each power module within its rack. Monitoring may include, but is not limited to, output voltage, current, power, and abnormal status indicators. When it detects that some power modules within its rack have failed or are experiencing output abnormalities, and calculations confirm that the available power supply capacity of the remaining normal power modules is insufficient to cover the current load demand of the rack, the power management controller executes a local isolation and maintenance strategy. Specifically, the power management controller disconnects the output terminal of the failed or abnormal power module from the first bus to prevent the abnormal power module from interfering with or posing a risk to the first bus. Simultaneously, it controls the output terminals of the remaining normal power modules to remain connected to the first bus, ensuring that the existing available power supply capacity within the rack continues to stably supply power to the rack's load.

[0116] After the aforementioned insufficient power supply is confirmed, the power management controller reports the insufficient power supply information and the corresponding load gap information to the rack monitoring module. The load gap information reflects the difference between the current rack load power demand and the power that the remaining normal power modules can provide. Upon receiving the above information, the rack monitoring module determines the power supply status of its own rack and further reports the insufficient power supply information and load gap information to the rack group management module, enabling the rack group management module to detect racks with insufficient power supply and their specific gaps. Simultaneously, the rack monitoring module controls the power supply interface to enter a parallel connection state, ensuring that the power supply interface is simultaneously connected to both the first and second buses, and controls the second bus to connect to the shared bus, reserving a power supply path for subsequent external supplementary power supply through the second bus.

[0117] In this embodiment, after receiving information about insufficient power supply and load gap from a cabinet with insufficient power supply, the cabinet group management module performs unified scheduling processing based on this information. The cabinet group management module sends a command to the cabinet monitoring module of the cabinet with insufficient power supply to control its second bus to establish a connection with the shared bus. The cabinet group management module first controls the second bus in the cabinet with insufficient power supply to establish a connection with the shared bus, enabling the cabinet to receive external power through the shared bus. During this process, the first bus is still used to carry the power provided by the remaining normal power modules in the cabinet, while the second bus serves as the access channel for external supplementary power supply, structurally achieving the separation and coordination of internal power supply and external supplementary power supply within the cabinet.

[0118] Simultaneously, the rack group management module schedules at least one normal rack within the current range to supplement the power supply to racks with insufficient power capacity. Specifically, the rack group management module sends a scheduling command to the rack monitoring module of the selected normal rack. This monitoring module then controls some of the power modules in the rack to switch their outputs from the original first bus to the corresponding second bus, allowing the outputs of these power modules to be routed to the shared bus via the second bus. Through the shared bus, the supplementary power supply from the normal rack is transmitted to the second bus of the rack with insufficient power capacity, and then introduced into the rack via a power interface to compensate for its load shortfall. The selection of some power modules can be, but is not limited to, based on the current redundant power supply capacity of the normal rack.

[0119] Through the above control method, this embodiment introduces supplementary power from at least one normal rack without changing the working state of the remaining normal power modules inside the rack with insufficient power supply capacity, thereby dynamically supporting the load demand of the rack with insufficient power supply capacity. The first bus continues to carry the original power supply inside the rack, while the second bus and the shared bus jointly undertake the external supplementary power supply path, enabling the rack with insufficient power supply capacity to maintain its continuous operation even if the power modules experience partial failure or output abnormality. The entire process is completed collaboratively by the power management controller, the rack monitoring module, and the rack group management module, with clear responsibilities for each module and a well-defined power supply path switching relationship.

[0120] In one exemplary embodiment, receiving insufficient power supply information from a first rack, and sending connection commands to the rack monitoring module of the first rack and at least one rack monitoring module of a second rack based on the insufficient power supply information to control the corresponding second bus to connect to the shared bus, includes: receiving insufficient power supply information and load gap information reported by the rack monitoring module of the faulty first rack, and broadcasting the insufficient power supply information and load gap information to the rack monitoring modules of other normal second racks; obtaining redundant power supply information reported by the rack monitoring modules of other normal second racks; determining the target second rack that needs support based on the load gap information and redundant power supply information; sending scheduling commands to the rack monitoring modules of the first rack and the target second rack to control the corresponding rack monitoring modules to connect the corresponding second bus to the shared bus; and controlling the output terminal of at least one power module in the target second rack to connect to the corresponding second bus through a power management controller.

[0121] In this embodiment, the rack group management module, acting as a unified scheduling unit across racks, first receives power shortage information and load gap information reported by the rack monitoring modules of racks with insufficient power supply. The power shortage information indicates that the rack, under its current operating state, cannot meet its load requirements using its own power modules, while the load gap information quantifies the amount of additional power the rack needs to supply. Based on this information, the rack group management module identifies target racks requiring external power supply and incorporates the power shortage status of these target racks into the unified scheduling process.

[0122] After confirming a rack with insufficient power supply, the rack group management module broadcasts the insufficient power supply and load gap information to the rack monitoring modules in other normally operating racks. Through broadcasting, each normal secondary rack can simultaneously detect the power supply gap in the system. Upon receiving the broadcast information, the rack monitoring module of each secondary rack, considering the operating status of its own power modules and the current load, assesses its available redundant power supply capacity and reports this information to the rack group management module, enabling the rack group management module to obtain power supply capacity feedback from multiple normal racks.

[0123] After receiving information on available redundant power supply capacity reported from multiple second racks, the rack group management module makes a comprehensive decision based on the load gap information of racks with insufficient power supply capacity and the available redundant power supply capacity information of each second rack. In this embodiment, the rack group management module determines which second racks will participate in supplementing power supply, and specifically selects which power modules in each selected second rack for external power supply. The decision can be, but is not limited to, allocating the redundant power supply capacity of multiple second racks under the constraint of meeting the load gap, without affecting the power supply safety of the normal racks themselves.

[0124] After making the scheduling decision, the rack group management module issues a scheduling command to the rack monitoring module of the selected target second rack. Responding to the scheduling command, the rack monitoring module of the target second rack controls the output of the selected power module to switch from the first bus to the second bus, or connects the output of a normally functioning power module that was not originally connected to the first bus to the second bus, allowing the power module's output to supply power externally via the second bus. Simultaneously, the rack monitoring module, according to the scheduling command, controls the second bus to connect to the shared bus, enabling the output power of the selected power module to be transmitted to racks with insufficient power supply capacity via the shared bus.

[0125] Through the above process, this embodiment achieves a collaborative working mechanism where the rack group management module uniformly senses power shortages, centrally decides on supplementary power sources, and the rack monitoring module of normal racks executes specific scheduling instructions to complete bus switching and conduction control. Racks with insufficient power capacity receive supplementary power from selected power modules in multiple normal racks through a shared bus, while normal racks only release their available redundant power supply capacity under the scheduling of the rack group management module. The entire power path switching and power supplementation process revolves around the first bus, the second bus, and the shared bus.

[0126] In one exemplary embodiment, the power management controller of the second rack is specifically configured to: report the health status, working status, and output power capability of each power module to the rack monitoring module; the rack monitoring module of the second rack is specifically configured to: identify and mark power modules that are idle or have redundant power supply capability based on the information reported by the power management controller, and report the available redundant power supply capability information to the rack group management module; and, based on the load gap information and the available redundant power supply capability information, decide and schedule specific power modules in selected normal racks to provide supplementary power supply, including: determining the number of power modules that need to provide supplementary power supply and the racks to which they belong based on the load gap information and the available redundant power supply capability information reported by each normal rack, and sending corresponding scheduling instructions to the rack monitoring module of the rack to which the modules belong, so that racks with insufficient power supply capability are powered by their own remaining normal power modules and power modules scheduled by other racks.

[0127] In this embodiment, the power management controller in a normal server rack continuously monitors each power module within the rack and reports the health status, operating status, and output power capability of the power modules to the corresponding rack monitoring module. The health status may, but is not limited to, reflecting whether the power module has a fault, degradation, or abnormal alarm; the operating status may, but is not limited to, reflecting whether the power module is currently providing power or in standby mode; and the output power capability characterizes the maximum power supply capacity that the power module can provide under current conditions. In this embodiment, the above information is summarized at the rack level, providing a basis for subsequent identification of redundant power supply capabilities.

[0128] In this embodiment, the rack monitoring module of a normal rack analyzes the status of each power module based on information reported by the power management controller, identifying and marking power modules that are idle or have redundant power supply capabilities. Power modules in an idle state can be, but are not limited to, those not currently outputting power to the first bus, while power modules with redundant power supply capabilities can be, but are not limited to, those that still have remaining output power capacity after meeting the load requirements of their own rack. After completing the identification and marking, the rack monitoring module generates available redundant power supply capability information and reports this information to the rack group management module, enabling the rack group management module to understand the range of power supply capabilities available for each normal rack.

[0129] In this embodiment, after receiving load gap information reported by racks with insufficient power supply capacity and available redundant power supply capacity information reported by multiple normal racks, the rack group management module makes decisions and schedules for supplementary power supply. Specifically, based on the load gap information and the available redundant power supply capacity information of each normal rack, the rack group management module determines the number of power modules that need to participate in supplementary power supply and the racks to which they belong, and sends corresponding scheduling instructions to the rack monitoring module of the respective rack, so that the rack with insufficient power supply capacity is powered by its own remaining normal power modules and power modules scheduled from other racks.

[0130] It should be understood that in this embodiment, the supplementary power supply may be provided by a single normal rack, or multiple normal racks may provide partial redundant power supply capacity. The decision-making process always revolves around meeting the load gap and the power supply status of each rack itself.

[0131] It's also important to understand that in this embodiment, the rack group management module does not employ a fixed or one-time power allocation method. Instead, it dynamically controls and allocates power based on the real-time operating status of each rack. The rack group management module continuously receives and monitors the load power consumption information of each normal rack. Provided that the load power consumption of each normal rack is within acceptable limits, it dynamically decides which racks, and with what power level, will take over the critical load of the faulty rack. In this embodiment, the takeover process is accomplished through real-time calculation and continuous status reporting by each rack, allowing the power allocation relationship to be adjusted according to load changes. This ensures both the continuous and stable operation of the local load of normal racks and the continued operation of compute and switching nodes even in the event of power outages in faulty racks.

[0132] Furthermore, in this embodiment, dynamic takeover and power switching are not simply on / off controls, but rather achieved through the coordinated control of various switching modules, on / off modules, and switch modules. During the takeover process, methods such as soft start and voltage synchronization control can be used to provide transitional control for power supply switching between different buses, in order to avoid the impact of inrush currents generated during switching on loads (such as compute nodes and switching nodes) and power modules of different power racks. This embodiment, through coordinated control of switching timing and voltage status, ensures a smooth power supply connection process between different cabinets and different power racks, guaranteeing the reliability and continuity of power supply during dynamic allocation and takeover.

[0133] In one exemplary embodiment, the method further includes: when at least two first cabinets require power compensation at the same time, obtaining the service priority information of the load carried by each first cabinet; determining the priority order of the first cabinets requiring power compensation based on the service priority information, and sending scheduling instructions to the cabinet monitoring modules of the corresponding first and second cabinets according to the priority order.

[0134] In this embodiment, when the rack group management module detects that at least two first racks are simultaneously in a state of insufficient power supply and require external power compensation, it does not directly handle the situation according to the first-come, first-served or average allocation method, but instead enters an arbitration decision-making process. The rack group management module obtains the service priority information corresponding to the current load of each first rack requiring external power compensation. This service priority information may be reported by the rack monitoring module or determined by pre-configured service level rules. Based on this, the rack group management module uniformly evaluates the schedulable power supply resources of the second racks and sends scheduling instructions to the rack monitoring modules of the corresponding second racks in descending order of service priority. Power compensation decisions are made sequentially for multiple first racks requiring external power compensation to ensure that limited power resources are prioritized to support high-priority service loads.

[0135] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the aforementioned arbitration decision supports distributed power supply support scenarios. That is, when two or more racks simultaneously fail or have insufficient power supply, power modules from multiple second racks within the rack group need to jointly provide support. During the arbitration process, the rack group management module comprehensively analyzes the service types and importance of multiple failed first racks, clarifies the priority relationships between different failed racks, and accordingly sends scheduling instructions to the rack monitoring modules of different normal second racks. This schedules idle or redundant power modules in different second racks to form a cross-rack power supply support combination, rather than relying on a single rack for compensation.

[0136] For example, in one specific implementation, when the rack group management module identifies that the faulty rack 2 is carrying GPU training workloads, whose service priority is higher than other general computing or low-priority workloads, the rack group management module sends scheduling instructions to the rack monitoring modules of other normal racks. This prioritizes scheduling idle power modules in other normal racks to provide power compensation to rack 2 through the corresponding second bus and shared bus, ensuring the continuous operation of GPU training tasks. For faulty racks with lower service priority, compensation can be delayed, the power supply scale reduced, or load degradation or shutdown strategies triggered when power resources are limited. This embodiment, through the above arbitration mechanism, achieves priority protection for critical service workloads in multi-fault concurrent scenarios.

[0137] In one exemplary embodiment, the method further includes: setting a power supply priority in the scheduling instruction; wherein, the second cabinet providing power to its own power supply interface is of first priority, and providing compensating power to the first cabinet through the second bus and the shared bus is of second priority; when it is detected that the second cabinet's current power supply capacity cannot meet its first priority requirements due to increased load on its own power supply interface or a power module failure, a switching instruction is sent to the cabinet monitoring module of the second cabinet, so that the cabinet monitoring module of the second cabinet controls the output terminal of the power module that is supplying power to the first cabinet to disconnect from the second bus and connect to the first bus.

[0138] In this embodiment, the rack group management module further distinguishes power supply priorities, setting the power supply needs of the normal second rack for its own load as the first priority, and setting the need to provide external power compensation for other faulty first racks as the second priority. Under normal operating conditions, a normal second rack can provide compensatory power to other faulty first racks through the second bus and shared bus based on its own idle or redundant power modules; however, the rack group management module continuously monitors the load changes of the normal second rack and the working status of its power modules. When it is detected that the current available power supply capacity of the normal second rack is insufficient to meet its first priority needs due to increased business load or failure of some power modules, in this embodiment, the rack group management module sends a switching command to the rack monitoring module of the normal second rack. The rack monitoring module then controls the power modules in the normal second rack that are performing second priority power supply tasks to switch their output from the second bus back to the first bus, so that the power modules are given priority to power their own racks.

[0139] In other words, this embodiment supports a master-slave power supply control logic. A normal second rack is always in master mode when supporting a faulty first rack, while the supported first rack is in slave mode. Specifically, when other normal second racks use idle power modules to support the load power of the faulty rack, this external power supply behavior is defined as low priority. Once the power consumption of a normal second rack increases, or its own power module fails, causing a decrease in available power supply capacity, this embodiment sends a switching command to the rack monitoring module through the rack group management module. This causes the corresponding power module to immediately exit the external power supply state and switch back to the first bus to meet its own rack load requirements. Through this method, this embodiment avoids the cascading risk caused by a single rack failure, prevents other normal racks from having insufficient power supply capacity during support, and ensures the overall stability and controllability of the rack group operation.

[0140] like Figure 9As shown, the entire communication network comprises three control layers: a rack cluster management module, a rack monitoring module, and multiple power management controllers. The rack cluster management module acts as the master clock, responsible for unified scheduling of the entire power supply system, and connects to the time-sensitive network (TSN) master switch, the emergency controller LAN bus, and the backup serial communication bus. The TSN master switch serves as the main communication link, the emergency controller LAN bus as a cross-layer emergency channel, and the backup serial communication bus as a cluster-level backup communication link. The rack monitoring module acts as a slave clock, connected to the TSN master switch, the emergency controller LAN bus, and the backup serial communication bus, and can integrate TSN slave controllers, Ethernet slave controllers, LAN bus slave controllers, and master-slave clock synchronization units. The rack monitoring module further connects to Ethernet slave controllers, LAN bus slave controllers, and general-purpose input / output (GPIO) or serial communication buses. The Ethernet slave controllers serve as the rack-level master link, communicating with multiple power management controllers; the LAN bus slave controllers serve as the rack-level backup communication link; and the GPIO or serial communication buses connect to multiple on / off modules and multiple switch modules.

[0141] Each power supply rack is equipped with a corresponding power management controller, and each power management controller acts as a slave clock. The power management controllers are connected to a general purpose input / output (GPIO) or serial communication bus, as well as an internal integrated controller area network (ICN) bus or controller area network (CLAN) bus. The GPIO or serial communication bus connects to multiple corresponding switching modules, while the ICN bus connects to multiple power supply modules, used for acquiring power supply module operating status and sending control commands. In the diagram, 0 to N represent that one or more modules can be configured. For example, power management controllers 0 to N indicate that each power supply rack can have one power management controller; switching modules 0 to N indicate that multiple power supply modules can each correspond to multiple switching modules; and on / off modules 0 to N and switch modules 0 to N respectively indicate that the power supply system can have multiple on / off modules and multiple switch modules to meet the control requirements of multiple power supply interfaces and multiple racks.

[0142] In one specific embodiment, a hierarchical communication network can be established to enable communication between multiple racks and between control modules within each rack. The rack group management module and multiple rack monitoring modules can use a time-sensitive network as the primary communication link and a backup serial communication bus as a backup communication link. The rack monitoring module and its corresponding power management controller can use an industrial real-time communication network as the primary communication link and a controller area network (CLAN) bus as a backup communication link. The power management controller and its corresponding power module can communicate using a CLAN bus. The power management controller and switching modules, as well as the rack monitoring module and its on / off modules and switch modules, can be controlled using general-purpose input / output interfaces or serial communication interfaces.

[0143] It is important to understand that the redundant power supply application architectures described in the above embodiments are all designed and explained under the premise of a power module or power rack failure in a single rack. This embodiment does not involve application scenarios where the power modules and power racks within a rack are in normal condition but still actively request power from other racks. That is, if the rack's own power supply capability is intact and no abnormality occurs, cross-rack power supply behavior is not triggered in this embodiment, and the load demand of the rack is independently borne by its internal power rack.

[0144] Based on the above premises, this embodiment configures the power rack capacity according to the highest load power that the rack can potentially bear during the factory configuration stage, so that a single rack can meet all load requirements without relying on external rack power supply under normal operating conditions. Therefore, this embodiment explicitly limits cross-rack power supply to triggering in scenarios where the internal power supply capacity of the rack is limited due to a fault. Through this limitation, the redundant power supply mechanism intervenes only when necessary, avoiding unnecessary switching actions and potential uncertainties in non-faulty states.

[0145] Embodiments of this application also provide an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program and the processor is configured to run the computer program to perform the steps in any of the above-described power supply method embodiments.

[0146] Embodiments of this application also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program configured to execute the steps in any of the above power supply method embodiments when running.

[0147] In one exemplary embodiment, the aforementioned computer-readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, various media capable of storing computer programs, such as a USB flash drive, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), portable hard disk, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0148] Embodiments of this application also provide a computer program product, which includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in any of the above power supply method embodiments.

[0149] Embodiments of this application also provide another computer program product, including a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in any of the above power supply method embodiments.

[0150] Those skilled in the art will further recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the components and steps of the various examples have been generally described in terms of functionality in the foregoing description. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0151] The power supply system and method provided in this application have been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the embodiments above are only intended to help understand the method and core ideas of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications to this application without departing from its principles, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A power supply system, characterized in that, It includes multiple cabinets, a shared bus, and at least two input buses, which supply power to the multiple cabinets; The cabinet includes at least one power supply rack and at least two power supply buses. At least one power supply bus is selectively connected to the shared bus. The input bus is connected to at least one power module in at least one of the power supply racks. Insulating partitions are provided between the input bus and the shared bus, between the input bus and the cabinet side panel, and between the shared bus and the cabinet side panel. Wherein, at least two of the power supply buses include a first bus and a second bus, the second bus being at least one of the at least two power supply buses that can be selectively connected to the shared bus, and the first bus being at least one power supply bus in the cabinet other than the second bus; The power supply rack includes: Multiple power modules, the output of which can be selectively connected to at least one power supply bus; At least one power supply interface, the input of which can be selectively connected to at least one power supply bus, and the output of which is used to connect to a load; The cabinet also includes a switching module corresponding to at least one of the power supply interfaces. The first input terminal of the switching module is connected to the first bus, the second input terminal of the switching module is connected to the second bus, and the output terminal of the switching module is connected to the corresponding power supply interface. The switching module is configured to selectively connect the power supply interface to the first bus or the second bus. The cabinet also includes multiple switching modules corresponding to the multiple power modules. The input terminal of the switching module is connected to the output terminal of the corresponding power module. The first output terminal of the switching module is connected to the first bus, and the second output terminal of the switching module is connected to the second bus. The switching module is configured to selectively connect the output terminal of the corresponding power module to the first bus or the second bus. The power supply system also includes a power management controller, which is located inside the power supply rack and connected to multiple power modules. The power management controller is configured to control the output terminals of the power modules to be selectively connected to at least one power supply bus. The power supply system also includes a cabinet monitoring module, which is set on any power rack inside the cabinet or in the middle of at least two power racks, and is communicatively connected to the corresponding power management controller. It is configured to control at least one power supply bus to be selectively connected to the shared bus, and at least one power supply bus to be connected to the power supply interface. The power supply system also includes a cabinet group management module, which is independently set outside of multiple cabinets and communicates with multiple cabinet monitoring modules. It is configured to generate power supply scheduling instructions based on the working status of multiple power modules and power supply buses and send them to the corresponding cabinet monitoring modules. When some power modules in the first cabinet malfunction and the power supply capacity of the remaining normal power modules is insufficient to meet the load requirements of the first cabinet, the power management controller is configured to disconnect the output terminal of the faulty power module in the first cabinet from the first bus, and keep the output terminal of the normal power module in the first cabinet connected to the first bus. The cabinet monitoring module in the first cabinet is configured to control the input terminal of the power supply interface to be connected to both the first bus and the second bus simultaneously; The rack group management module is configured to receive power supply insufficiency information and load gap information reported by the rack monitoring module of the first rack, and broadcast the power supply insufficiency information and load gap information to the rack monitoring modules of other normal second racks. The rack group management module is configured to obtain redundant power supply capacity information reported by the rack monitoring modules of other normal second racks, and determine the target second rack that needs to be supported based on the load gap information and the redundant power supply capacity information. The cabinet group management module is configured to send scheduling instructions to the cabinet monitoring module of the first cabinet and the cabinet monitoring module of the target second cabinet, so that the corresponding cabinet monitoring module controls the corresponding second bus to connect to the shared bus, and controls the output terminal of at least one power module in the target second cabinet to connect to the corresponding second bus through the power management controller. During the process of the first cabinet receiving supplementary power from the target second cabinet, soft start and / or voltage synchronization control are used for transition control when switching power supplies between different buses.

2. The power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply system also includes multiple switch modules corresponding to the multiple cabinets. The switch modules are disposed between the second bus and the shared bus in the cabinet. The switch modules are configured to selectively connect the second bus to the shared bus.

3. The power supply system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The switch module includes a first switch and a second switch; The first end of the first switch is connected to the second busbar, and the second end of the first switch is connected to the shared busbar; The first end of the second switch is connected to the shared bus, and the second end of the second switch is connected to the second bus.

4. The power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching module includes a first power switch and a second power switch; The first end of the first power switch is connected to the first bus, and the second end of the first power switch is connected to the power supply interface. The first end of the second power switch is connected to the second bus, and the second end of the second power switch is connected to the power supply interface.

5. The power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching module includes a third power switch and a fourth power switch; The first end of the third power switch is connected to the output end of the corresponding power module, and the second end of the third power switch is connected to the first bus. The first end of the fourth power switch is connected to the output end of the corresponding power module, and the second end of the fourth power switch is connected to the second bus.

6. The power supply system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The third power switch includes a first transistor and a second transistor, and the fourth power switch includes a third transistor and a fourth transistor; The drain of the first transistor serves as the first terminal of the third power switch and is connected to the output terminal of the corresponding power module. The drain of the second transistor serves as the second terminal of the third power switch and is connected to the first bus. The source of the first transistor is connected to the source of the second transistor. The drain of the third transistor is connected to the output terminal of the corresponding power module as the first terminal of the fourth power switch, the drain of the fourth transistor is connected to the second bus as the second terminal of the fourth power switch, and the source of the third transistor is connected to the source of the fourth transistor.

7. The power supply system according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a first driving circuit and a second driving circuit; The output terminal of the first driving circuit is connected to the gate of the first transistor and the gate of the second transistor, and the output terminal of the second driving circuit is connected to the gate of the third transistor and the gate of the fourth transistor. An interlock circuit is provided in both the first and second driving circuits. The interlock circuit is configured to cause the second driving circuit to output a shutdown signal when the first driving circuit outputs a driving signal, and to cause the first driving circuit to output a shutdown signal when the second driving circuit outputs a driving signal.

8. The power supply system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The interlock circuit includes a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a diode, and a fifth transistor; The first end of the third resistor serves as the input terminal of the corresponding driving circuit. The second end of the third resistor is connected to the anode of the diode, the gate of the first transistor, and the gate of the second transistor, respectively. The cathode of the diode is connected to the first end of the fourth resistor, the first end of the fifth resistor, and the first end of the fifth transistor, respectively. The second end of the fifth transistor is connected to the second end of the fifth resistor and ground, respectively. The gate of the fifth transistor serves as the input terminal of another driving circuit, and the second end of the fourth resistor is connected to the gate of the third transistor and the gate of the fourth transistor, respectively.

9. The power supply system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The third power switch further includes a first resistor and a first differential operational amplifier, and the fourth power switch further includes a second resistor and a second differential operational amplifier; The first end of the first resistor is connected to the source of the first transistor and the first input terminal of the first differential operational amplifier, respectively; the second end of the first resistor is connected to the source of the second transistor and the second input terminal of the first differential operational amplifier, respectively. The first end of the second resistor is connected to the source of the third transistor and the first input of the second differential operational amplifier, respectively. The second end of the second resistor is connected to the source of the fourth transistor and the second input of the second differential operational amplifier, respectively. The outputs of the first and second differential operational amplifiers are connected to the device controlling each transistor.

10. The power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cabinet also includes a power slot, and the switching module is installed in the power slot, or the switching module is integrated into the corresponding power module.

11. The power supply system according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, Also includes: A voltage sampling device is provided, wherein the voltage sampling device is respectively disposed between the input bus and the shared bus, between the input bus and the cabinet side panel, and between the shared bus and the cabinet side panel, and the voltage sampling device includes a capacitor voltage divider isolation sampling circuit; A current sampling device includes a Rogowski coil disposed outside the corresponding busbar and an optical fiber transmission circuit connected to the Rogowski coil. The optical fiber transmission circuit is connected to the cabinet monitoring module and the cabinet group management module, respectively.

12. A power supply method, characterized in that, Applied to the power supply system as described in any one of claims 1-11, the power supply method includes: The output of the control power module can be selectively connected to at least one power supply bus; The input terminal of the control power supply interface can be selectively connected to at least one power supply bus; Control at least one power supply bus to be optionally connected to a shared bus.

13. The power supply method according to claim 12, characterized in that, When the status of multiple power modules is normal and the status of the bus in the cabinet is normal; The output terminal of the control power module can be selectively connected to at least one power supply bus, including: controlling the output terminal of the power module to be connected to a first bus; The input terminal of the control power supply interface can be selectively connected to at least one power supply bus, including: controlling the input terminal of the power supply interface to be connected to the first bus; Controlling at least one power supply bus to be selectively connected to a shared bus includes: controlling a second bus to disconnect from the shared bus; Wherein, the second bus is at least one of the at least two power supply buses that can be selectively connected to the shared bus, and the first bus is at least one of the at least two power supply buses in the cabinet other than the second bus.

14. The power supply method according to claim 13, characterized in that, When the power supply rack of the first cabinet is faulty or the first busbar is faulty; The output of the control power module can be selectively connected to at least one power supply bus, including: controlling the output of the power module in the first cabinet to disconnect from the first bus of at least two buses via a power management controller; The input terminal of the control power supply interface can be selectively connected to at least one power supply bus, including: controlling the input terminal of the power supply interface to disconnect from the first bus and connect to the second bus via the cabinet monitoring module in the first cabinet; Controlling at least one power supply bus to be selectively connected to a shared bus includes: Receive fault information and load demand information reported by the rack monitoring module of the first rack that is faulty, and broadcast the fault information and load demand information to the rack monitoring modules of other normal second racks; Obtain power supply capacity information reported by the cabinet monitoring modules of other normal second cabinets; Based on the load demand information and the power supply capacity information, determine the target second cabinet that needs to be supported; A scheduling command is sent to the cabinet monitoring module of the first cabinet and the cabinet monitoring module of the target second cabinet, so that the corresponding cabinet monitoring module controls the corresponding second bus to connect to the shared bus, and controls the output terminal of at least one power module in the target second cabinet to connect to the corresponding second bus through the power management controller.

15. The power supply method according to claim 14, characterized in that, Obtain power supply capacity information reported by the rack monitoring modules of other normal second racks, including: Obtain redundant power supply capacity information reported by the cabinet monitoring modules of other normal second cabinets; Based on the redundant power supply capacity information of each normal cabinet, the selected normal cabinet is determined, and a connection command is sent to the cabinet monitoring module of the selected normal cabinet. Based on the load demand information and the power supply capacity information, the target second cabinet requiring support is determined, including: Based on the load demand information and the redundant power supply capacity information of the second cabinet, the selected target second cabinet is determined.

16. The power supply method according to claim 13, characterized in that, When some power modules in the first rack malfunction and the remaining normal power modules do not have sufficient power supply capacity to meet the load requirements of the first rack. The output of the control power module can be selectively connected to at least one power supply bus, including: controlling the output of a faulty power module in the first cabinet to disconnect from the first bus via a power management controller, and keeping the output of a normal power module in the first cabinet connected to the first bus. The input terminal of the control power supply interface can be selectively connected to at least one power supply bus, including: controlling the input terminal of the power supply interface to be simultaneously connected to the first bus and the second bus via the cabinet monitoring module in the first cabinet; Controlling at least one power supply bus to be selectively connected to a shared bus includes: Receive the power supply insufficiency and load gap information reported by the cabinet monitoring module of the faulty first cabinet, and broadcast the power supply insufficiency and load gap information to the cabinet monitoring modules of other normal second cabinets; Obtain redundant power supply capacity information reported by the cabinet monitoring modules of other normal second cabinets; Based on the load gap information and the redundant power supply capacity information, the target second cabinet that needs to be supported is determined; A scheduling command is sent to the cabinet monitoring module of the first cabinet and the cabinet monitoring module of the target second cabinet, so that the corresponding cabinet monitoring module controls the corresponding second bus to connect to the shared bus, and controls the output terminal of at least one power module in the target second cabinet to connect to the corresponding second bus through the power management controller.

17. The power supply method according to any one of claims 14-16, characterized in that, Also includes: When at least two first cabinets need power compensation at the same time, obtain the service priority information of the load carried by each first cabinet; Based on the service priority information, the priority order of the first cabinets that require power supply compensation is determined, and scheduling instructions are sent to the cabinet monitoring modules of the corresponding first and second cabinets according to the priority order. The power supply priority is set in the scheduling instruction; wherein, the second cabinet providing power to its own power interface is the first priority, and providing compensation power to the first cabinet through the second bus and the shared bus is the second priority. When it is detected that the second cabinet's current power supply capacity cannot meet its first priority requirements due to increased load on its power supply interfaces or a power module failure, a switching command is sent to the cabinet monitoring module of the second cabinet. This causes the cabinet monitoring module to control the output of the power module currently supplying power to the first cabinet to disconnect from the second bus and connect to the first bus.

Images