A full-band UAV detection and direction-finding device

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) detection technology, and more particularly to a full-band UAV detection and direction-finding device. An antenna radome is fixedly mounted on a detection and direction-finding host, and an adjustable antenna array assembly is fixedly installed at the bottom of the host. The adjustable antenna array assembly includes a bottom cavity and multiple external antenna elements arranged in a ring array. The external antenna elements are mounted in the bottom cavity via telescopic rod assemblies, which can reciprocate radially along the bottom cavity. A turntable assembly is rotatably connected to the bottom of the lower antenna array assembly and has a motion conversion mechanism connected to the multiple telescopic rod assemblies. This mechanism is configured to synchronously drive the multiple telescopic rod assemblies to move radially when the radome rotates around the axis of the turntable assembly, thereby driving the multiple external antenna elements to extend or retract radially synchronously, thus synchronously adjusting the aperture of the ring antenna array. This invention conveniently adjusts the array aperture through the synchronous radial extension and retraction of multiple external antenna elements, resulting in a simple and compact structure and high direction-finding accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) detection technology, specifically relating to a full-band UAV detection and direction-finding device. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development and widespread application of civilian drone technology, security incidents such as unauthorized drone flights, illegal intrusions, and malicious deliveries have become frequent, posing a serious threat to public safety, protection of key areas, and personal privacy. Against this backdrop, drone detection and direction-finding equipment has emerged and has become one of the core pieces of equipment in the security field.

[0003] In UAV detection and direction finding technology, multi-antenna array direction finding methods based on time difference of arrival (TDOA) or phase difference of arrival (PDO) are widely used due to their advantages such as passive detection, high direction finding accuracy, and no electromagnetic signal emission. This type of method requires multiple antenna elements in the antenna array to be arranged in a specific geometric configuration (usually a circular or ring array). The direction of arrival of the signal is calculated by measuring the time difference or phase difference of the same signal arriving at different antenna elements. The aperture of the antenna array (i.e., the diameter of the circumference of the circle containing the antenna elements) is one of the key parameters determining the direction finding accuracy: a larger aperture results in higher accuracy, but also increases the size of the equipment, making it less convenient for storage and deployment; conversely, a smaller aperture results in a more compact device, but decreases the direction finding accuracy.

[0004] Existing UAV direction-finding equipment with adjustable aperture mainly includes manual independent adjustment schemes and automatic adjustment schemes. Manual independent adjustment requires independent adjustment of each antenna element, which is cumbersome and difficult to synchronize, easily leading to geometric center shifts in the ring array or non-circular apertures, introducing additional direction-finding errors, and even causing the direction-finding algorithm to fail. Automatic adjustment schemes are not well-suited for aperture adjustment of ring direction-finding arrays. A search of existing patents reveals some technologies involving automatic antenna folding and unfolding. While these automate antenna folding and unfolding, the antenna elements rotate and fold, causing the radiation pointing and polarization directions of the antenna elements to change with rotation, failing to meet the requirements of direction-finding arrays for antenna element attitude consistency and phase stability. Furthermore, some technologies involve the folding and unfolding of planar antenna arrays, but these are not suitable for aperture adjustment of ring arrays.

[0005] In summary, existing technologies lack a full-band UAV detection and direction-finding device that can both guarantee the geometric consistency of the ring antenna array and achieve convenient synchronous aperture adjustment. How to achieve rapid, synchronous, and continuous adjustment of the antenna array aperture while maintaining device portability, thus balancing direction-finding accuracy across different frequency bands with overall device size, is a pressing technical problem that needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a full-band UAV detection and direction finding device that can both ensure the geometric consistency of the ring antenna array and achieve convenient synchronous adjustment of the aperture.

[0007] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A full-band UAV detection and direction finding device includes: an radome, a detection and direction finding host, an adjustable antenna array assembly, and a turntable assembly; The radome is fixedly mounted on the detection and direction finding host, and the adjustable antenna array assembly is fixedly installed at the bottom of the detection and direction finding host and is signal-connected to the detection and direction finding host; The adjustable antenna array assembly includes a bottom cavity and multiple external antenna elements arranged in a ring array. The external antenna elements are mounted on the bottom cavity via a telescopic rod assembly, which can reciprocate linearly along the bottom cavity in a radial direction. The turntable assembly is rotatably connected to the bottom of the adjustable antenna array assembly. The turntable assembly is provided with a motion conversion mechanism, which is connected to the plurality of telescopic rod assemblies. The motion conversion mechanism is configured to synchronously drive the plurality of telescopic rod assemblies to move radially linearly when the antenna cover rotates around the axis of the turntable assembly, thereby driving the plurality of external antenna elements to extend or retract radially synchronously to adjust the aperture of the ring antenna array synchronously.

[0008] Furthermore, the motion conversion mechanism consists of multiple arc-shaped grooves evenly distributed along the circumference of the turntable assembly, and the telescopic rod assembly is slidably connected to the arc-shaped grooves via a deep groove ball bearing.

[0009] Furthermore, the external antenna element includes two antenna bodies, which are arranged perpendicularly to the telescopic rod assembly and face the same direction. One of the antenna bodies can rotate relative to the telescopic rod assembly to face the opposite direction to the other antenna body.

[0010] Furthermore, the telescopic pole assembly includes a spring radio frequency connecting cable, connector one, connector two, and a telescopic pole; connector one and connector two are respectively installed at both ends of the telescopic pole, connector two is used to install the external antenna element, connector one is used to connect to the detection and direction finding host signal, and connector one and connector two are connected by the spring radio frequency connecting cable.

[0011] Furthermore, the telescopic rod includes a first telescopic rod and a second telescopic rod. The second telescopic rod is limited to the inside of the first telescopic rod by a limiting screw. The first telescopic rod is connected to the bottom cavity, and the second telescopic rod is connected to the external antenna element. The second telescopic rod is configured to be axially rotatable to adjust the polarization of the external antenna element. The second telescopic rod is also configured to be axially movable relative to the first telescopic rod to achieve two-stage telescopic movement.

[0012] Furthermore, it includes a fixed antenna array assembly, which is disposed in a receiving cavity formed between the radome and the detection and direction finding host, is fixedly installed above the detection and direction finding host, and is signal-connected to the detection and direction finding host.

[0013] Furthermore, the fixed antenna array assembly includes a base plate, a first reflector, a second reflector, a first detection and direction-finding antenna array, a second detection and direction-finding antenna array, a matrix switch unit, and an electronic compass unit. The first reflector is mounted on the base plate, and the first detection and direction-finding antenna array, composed of multiple identical antenna elements evenly arranged along the circumference, is mounted on the first reflector. The second reflector is mounted in the center of the first reflector, and the second detection and direction-finding antenna array, composed of multiple identical antenna elements evenly arranged along the circumference, is mounted on the second reflector. The matrix switch unit is fixed to the bottom of the first reflector and is used for switching and combining high-frequency signals. The electronic compass unit is fixedly installed in the center above the base plate.

[0014] Furthermore, the telescopic rod assembly is characterized in that: it is disposed in the bottom cavity via a guide groove, the guide groove has sliding grooves on both sides, and the telescopic rod assembly has a boss on its side, the boss being configured to move linearly along the sliding groove. The telescopic rod assembly is provided with scale lines for indicating the size of the low-end antenna array aperture.

[0015] Furthermore, the turntable assembly includes a locking element for locking the turntable assembly and the adjustable antenna array assembly.

[0016] Furthermore, the antenna cover is provided with a groove for accommodating the external antenna element. Beneficial effects

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, the full-band UAV detection and direction-finding device provided by this invention has the following advantages: Synchronous adjustment ensures direction-finding accuracy. Through the cooperation of the turntable assembly and the motion conversion mechanism, the rotation of the radome synchronously drives the radial linear movement of multiple telescopic rod assemblies, causing all external antenna elements arranged in the ring array to extend or retract synchronously. Each external antenna element always moves the same distance radially along the bottom cavity, avoiding direction-finding errors caused by inconsistent extension of each external antenna element.

[0018] The aperture is continuously adjustable, catering to full-band detection needs. The aperture size of the antenna array can be precisely controlled by rotating the radome, allowing the device to flexibly adjust the aperture according to the operating frequency band of the detected UAV signal: a large aperture is used for low-frequency signals to improve direction finding accuracy; a small aperture can be used for high-frequency signals to keep the device compact; and the optimal aperture can be dynamically switched for different mission scenarios, such as long-range early warning and short-range positioning.

[0019] The external antenna elements exhibit stable radiation characteristics and high direction-finding consistency. In existing technologies, the rotational folding method for antenna deployment and retraction alters the spatial pointing and polarization directions during deployment, resulting in inconsistent radiation characteristics of each antenna element in different deployed states. In this invention, adjusting the aperture of the adjustable antenna array component does not affect the pointing and polarization directions of the external antenna elements.

[0020] Convenient operation enables rapid deployment and mode switching. Operators only need to rotate the radome to drive all external antenna elements to move radially synchronously at once, without having to pull out or retract each element individually. For storage, all external antenna elements are retracted into the radome's recesses, resulting in a minimal overall size for easy transport. For deployment, rotating the radome extends the external antenna elements radially, quickly achieving the desired aperture. The entire operation is simple, fast, and time-saving, making it particularly suitable for scenarios requiring high deployment speed, such as field environments, emergency response, or drone platforms.

[0021] With its compact structure and high integration, this device is ideal for miniaturization. The overall structure employs a nested layout, with all external antenna elements retracted into the radome when stowed, eliminating protruding parts and resulting in a clean appearance with strong impact and damage resistance. Compared to solutions that use independent motors to drive each antenna, this invention reduces the number of driving components and electrical control complexity, lowers power consumption and cost, and facilitates the miniaturization and lightweighting of devices. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is an exploded structural diagram of the full-band UAV detection and direction-finding device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the convergence state of the full-band UAV detection and direction-finding device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the deployed state of the full-band UAV detection and direction-finding equipment of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the deployed state of the full-band UAV detection and direction-finding equipment of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustable antenna array assembly structure; Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the turntable assembly structure. In the figure, (a4) and (b4) are the front view and top view of the turntable assembly structure, respectively. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the telescopic pole assembly in its shortened state. In the figure, (a1), (b1), and (c1) are respectively the cross-sectional view, front view, and three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the telescopic pole assembly in its shortened state. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the telescopic rod assembly in its extended state. In the figure, (a2), (b2), and (c2) are respectively the cross-sectional view, front view, and three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the telescopic rod assembly in its extended state. Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the telescopic pole assembly. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the fixed antenna array assembly structure. In the figure, (a3) ​​and (b3) are the front view and top view of the fixed antenna array assembly structure, respectively. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the wind turbine component structure; Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Detection and direction finding main unit; 2. Fixed antenna array assembly; 3. Adjustable antenna array assembly; 4. Fan assembly; 5. Turntable assembly; 6. Bracket; 7. Radome; 8. Detection and direction finding antenna array one; 9. Detection and direction finding antenna array two; 10. Matrix switch unit; 11. Electronic compass unit; 12. Telescopic rod one; 13. Telescopic rod two; 14. Spring RF connection cable; 15. Connector one; 16. Connector two; 17. Deep groove ball bearing; 18. Limiting screw; 19. Groove; 20. External antenna element; 21. Guide groove; 22. Slide groove; 23. Star-shaped handle; 24. Arc-shaped slide groove; 25. Boss; 26. Fan mounting plate; 27. Base plate; 28. Reflector 1; 29. ​​Reflector 2; 30. Turntable body; 31. Rubber feet; 32. Bottom cavity; 33. Heat dissipation teeth; 34. Air outlet; 35. Waterproof axial flow fan. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a full-band UAV detection and direction finding device, including an antenna radome 7, a detection and direction finding host 1, an adjustable antenna array assembly 3, and a turntable assembly 5.

[0025] The detection and direction finding host 1 is a disc-shaped or cylindrical shell, which integrates an RF front-end module, a signal processing module, a positioning module (such as GPS / BeiDou), and a power management module. It is used to receive and process multiple RF signals from the antenna array, execute direction finding algorithms such as amplitude comparison direction finding or correlation interferometer, and calculate the direction of arrival of the UAV signal.

[0026] The radome 7 is fixedly mounted on the detection and direction finding host 1. The radome 7 is made of wave-transparent material and is hemispherical or cylindrical. It is used to protect the internal antenna structure while allowing electromagnetic signals to pass through smoothly.

[0027] The adjustable antenna array assembly 3 is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the detection and direction finding host 1 and is connected to the detection and direction finding host 1 via radio frequency cables and control cables. Specifically, as shown... Figure 5 As shown, the adjustable antenna array assembly 3 includes a bottom cavity 32 and a plurality of external antenna elements 20 evenly arranged around the circumference of the bottom cavity 32. In this embodiment, the number of external antenna elements 20 is nine, distributed at equal 40° intervals. It should be noted that the number of external antenna elements 20 is not limited to nine; it can be set to three, four, six, eight, or more, depending on the actual direction finding accuracy and frequency band requirements, as long as they are arranged evenly in a ring.

[0028] The external antenna element 20 is mounted via a telescopic rod assembly, which can reciprocate radially along the bottom cavity 32 to adjust the distance between the external antenna element 20 and the bottom cavity 32. Specifically, the bottom cavity 32 has multiple radially penetrating guide grooves 21, and sliding grooves 22 are provided on both sides of the guide grooves 21. Figure 7 As shown, the telescopic rod assembly has a boss 25 on its side. The boss 25 is configured to move linearly along the slide groove 22, thereby restricting the telescopic rod assembly to move only radially along the bottom cavity 32 and preventing it from deflecting circumferentially.

[0029] The turntable assembly 5 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the adjustable antenna array assembly 3. Specifically, as shown... Figure 6 As shown, the turntable assembly 5 includes a turntable body 30 and rubber feet 31 located at the bottom of the turntable body 30. The turntable body 30 is rotatably coupled to the bottom cavity 32 via bearings, and the bearings are fixed to the center of the turntable body 30 by pressure plates. The turntable assembly 5 is provided with a motion conversion mechanism, which is connected to multiple telescopic rod assemblies. The motion conversion mechanism is configured to synchronously drive the multiple telescopic rod assemblies to move radially linearly when the radome 7 rotates around the axis of the turntable assembly 5, thereby driving the multiple external antenna elements 20 to extend or retract radially relative to the bottom cavity 32 synchronously, so as to synchronously adjust the aperture of the ring antenna array.

[0030] In this embodiment, the motion conversion mechanism consists of multiple arc-shaped grooves 24 evenly distributed along the circumference of the turntable assembly 5. The number of arc-shaped grooves 24 is the same as the number of telescopic rod assemblies, both being nine, and each arc-shaped groove 24 has a consistent shape and is evenly distributed circumferentially. The radial profile of each arc-shaped groove 24 is a gradually changing curve (e.g., an Archimedean spiral or an eccentric arc), with the radial radius gradually increasing or decreasing from one end to the other. Figure 7 As shown, a deep groove ball bearing 17 is fixedly installed at the bottom of each telescopic rod assembly. The deep groove ball bearing 17 slidably falls into the corresponding arc-shaped groove 24. When the antenna cover 7 and the turntable assembly 5 rotate relative to each other, they push the deep groove ball bearing 17 to move along the arc-shaped groove 24. Due to the change in the radial profile of the arc-shaped groove 24, the deep groove ball bearing 17 is forced to move radially inward or outward, thereby driving the entire telescopic rod assembly to move radially linearly along the bottom cavity 32.

[0031] Although this embodiment uses an arc-shaped slide groove 24 as the motion conversion mechanism, those skilled in the art will understand that other mechanisms capable of converting rotational motion into multiple radial linear motions can also be used, including but not limited to: a gear and rack mechanism: a central gear is fixed in the bottom cavity 32, and multiple planetary gears are rotatably mounted on the turntable assembly 5. The central gear meshes with the planetary gears. A rack is provided at the bottom of the telescopic rod assembly, and the rack meshes with the planetary gears. When the radome 7 rotates, the central gear drives the multiple planetary gears to rotate, thereby driving the multiple racks to move, and thus synchronously driving the multiple telescopic rod assemblies to move radially. A pull rope mechanism: a winding drum is fixed on the turntable assembly 5, and the bottom of the telescopic rod assembly is connected to the winding drum via a pull rope. A return spring (tension spring or compression spring) is provided between the telescopic rod assembly and the bottom cavity 32. When the radome 7 rotates, the pull rope winds around the winding drum, thereby pulling all the telescopic rod assemblies to move outward simultaneously. When the rotation reverses, the return spring resets the telescopic rod assembly. All other alternative forms are equivalent embodiments of the present invention and should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0032] The working process of the device in this embodiment is described in detail below with reference to the above structure. The operator first restricts the movement of the turntable assembly 5, either by holding the turntable assembly 5 by hand or by fixing the turntable assembly 5 to a fixed location using its rubber feet 31. Alternatively, a support bracket 6 can be provided at the bottom of the turntable assembly 5 to facilitate installation on a tripod or other mounting structure. Then, based on the on-site electromagnetic environment and mission requirements, such as the signal frequency band of the UAV to be detected and the required direction-finding accuracy, the operator manually rotates the radome 7 by a certain angle. Since the turntable assembly 5 is restricted to a stationary position, the radome 7 can drive the adjustable antenna array assembly 3 to rotate relative to the turntable assembly 5. Because the multiple telescopic rod assemblies of the bottom cavity 32 of the adjustable antenna array assembly 3 are slidably limited and connected to the multiple arc-shaped grooves 24 on the turntable assembly 5 via deep groove ball bearings 17, the rotation of the adjustable antenna array assembly 3 relative to the turntable assembly 5 drives the deep groove ball bearings 17 of the telescopic rod assemblies to move along the arc-shaped grooves 24 of the turntable assembly 5. Because the radial profile of the arc-shaped groove 24 is a gradually changing curve, it can simultaneously drive the telescopic rod assembly to extend radially from the bottom cavity 32 by a certain length, thereby allowing multiple external antenna elements 20 to synchronously expand radially to a predetermined position, such as... Figure 3 As shown. Conversely, by manually rotating the radome 7 in the opposite direction at a certain angle, the adjustable antenna array assembly 3 can be rotated in reverse, simultaneously driving multiple external antenna elements 20 to retract radially in sync, as shown. Figure 2 As shown.

[0033] The full-band UAV detection and direction-finding device provided in this embodiment can synchronously adjust the aperture to ensure direction-finding accuracy: all external antenna elements 20 extend or retract synchronously, and each external antenna element 20 always moves the same distance radially along the bottom cavity 32, avoiding direction-finding errors caused by inconsistent extension of each external antenna element 20; the aperture is continuously adjustable to meet the full-band detection requirements: the aperture size of the antenna array can be precisely controlled by controlling the rotation of the antenna cover 7, which allows the device to flexibly adjust the aperture according to the operating frequency band of the detected UAV signal; the radiation characteristics are stable and the direction-finding consistency is high: adjustable Adjusting the aperture of antenna array component 3 will not affect the pointing and polarization direction of the external antenna element 20; convenient operation enables rapid deployment and mode switching: operators only need to rotate the antenna cover 7 to drive all external antenna elements 20 to move radially synchronously at one time to expand or retract, without having to pull out or retract each external antenna element 20 one by one. The entire operation process is simple, fast, and time-saving; simple and compact structure with high integration: the overall structure adopts a nested layout, which reduces the number of driving components and electrical control complexity, reduces power consumption and cost, and is conducive to the development of equipment towards miniaturization and lightweight.

[0034] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, the external antenna element 20 includes two antenna bodies, which are perpendicular to the telescopic rod assembly and face the same direction. One of the antenna bodies can rotate 180° relative to the telescopic rod assembly, changing its orientation to be opposite to that of the other antenna body, thus forming a dipole antenna structure. To further optimize the storage volume and antenna gain characteristics, the antenna body in this embodiment is a telescopic antenna.

[0035] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 7 As shown, the telescopic rod assembly has scale lines to indicate the size of the low-end antenna array aperture, which makes it easy for operators to accurately control the aperture size.

[0036] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 7 As shown, the telescopic pole assembly includes a spring-loaded RF connecting cable 14, connector 15, connector 2 16, and a telescopic pole. Connector 15 and connector 2 16 are respectively installed at both ends of the telescopic pole. Connector 2 16 is used to install an external antenna element 20, and connector 15 is used for signal connection with the detection and direction-finding host 1. Connector 15 and connector 2 16 are connected by the spring-loaded RF connecting cable 14. The spring-loaded RF connecting cable 14 has telescopic elasticity and can adapt to the position movement and length changes of the telescopic pole. The spring-loaded RF connecting cable 14 is fixed to the bottom cavity 32 by a clamping block near connector 15.

[0037] In some embodiments of the present invention, the turntable assembly 5 includes a locking member disposed on the turntable body 30 for locking the turntable assembly 5 and the adjustable antenna array assembly 3. The locking member may be a threaded locking member or a pin-hole locking member. Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, the locking component is a star-shaped handle 23. The star-shaped handle 23 is threaded through the turntable body 30. The bottom cavity 32 is provided with a positioning hole corresponding to the star-shaped handle 23. The front end of the star-shaped handle 23 can be rotatably inserted into the positioning hole. It is used to lock the turntable assembly 5 and the adjustable antenna array assembly 3, i.e., the antenna cover 7, after the equipment is deployed, so as to prevent the reset force of the spring radio frequency connection line 14 and the change of the aperture caused by wind or vibration.

[0038] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figures 7 to 9As shown, the telescopic rod includes a first telescopic rod 12 and a second telescopic rod 13. The first telescopic rod 12 is connected to the bottom cavity 32, i.e., it slides in conjunction with the guide groove 21. A boss 25 is provided on the side of the first telescopic rod 12. The second telescopic rod 13 is connected to the external antenna element 20. The second telescopic rod 13 is limited inside the first telescopic rod 12 by a limiting screw 18, and one end of the second telescopic rod 13 extends out and is configured to move axially relative to the first telescopic rod 12, thereby achieving two-stage telescopic movement and increasing the radial extension range. Of course, both the first telescopic rod 12 and the second telescopic rod 13 have scale lines on their sides to indicate the aperture size. The second telescopic rod 13 is also configured to rotate axially to adjust the polarization mode of the external antenna element 20. When the second telescopic rod 13 rotates 90°, the two antennas change from a vertical orientation to a horizontal orientation, thereby realizing the conversion between vertical polarization and horizontal polarization.

[0039] In some embodiments of the present invention, the telescopic rod 12 is provided with a plurality of positioning beads, and the telescopic rod 13 is provided with a plurality of sliding grooves 2 evenly distributed on its body. The positioning beads cooperate with the sliding grooves 2 to provide pre-pressure positioning when the telescopic rod 13 moves, so that the telescopic rod 13 can be stably maintained in a specific extended position.

[0040] In some embodiments of the present invention, the external antenna element 20 is connected to the connector 2 16 on the telescopic rod 2 13 by a snap-fit ​​assembly, so that the external antenna element 20 can be replaced as needed.

[0041] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the antenna cover 7 is provided with a groove 19 for accommodating the external antenna element 20. When the external antenna element 20 is fully retracted, it fits perfectly into the groove 19, making the whole device flat and without protrusions, which is convenient for carrying and transportation.

[0042] The working process of the device in some embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the above structure. First, the device is installed and fixed by the bracket 6. Then, the star handle 23 is loosened to release the locking state of the radome 7 and the turntable assembly 5. According to the electromagnetic environment and task requirements, the radome 7 is manually rotated to move multiple telescopic rod assemblies radially to the predetermined position, so that the multiple external antenna elements 20 of the adjustable antenna array assembly 3 are deployed synchronously. At this time, the scale line on the telescopic rod 12 indicates the initial aperture. After the initial aperture adjustment is completed, the star handle 23 is tightened to lock the radome 7 and the turntable assembly 5 to ensure aperture stability. If it is necessary to further increase the receiving aperture, the telescopic rod 23 is manually pulled out to the required length. The scale line on the telescopic rod 23 indicates the additional length. The positioning ball and the sliding groove 2 cooperate to ensure its position is stable, that is, to increase aperture stability. Finally, the rotatable antenna body of the external antenna element 20 is rotated to switch to the dipole antenna state, and the detection and direction finding work can be carried out. At this time, the external antenna element 20 is in vertical polarization mode. According to the detection needs, the telescopic rod 213 can be rotated 90° to switch the external antenna element 20 to horizontal polarization mode.

[0043] When closing the device, rotate the rotatable antenna body in the external antenna element 20 back to a vertical position in the same direction as the other antenna body, then loosen the star handle 23, rotate the antenna cover 7 in the opposite direction, and retract the multiple external antenna elements 20 into the groove 19 of the antenna cover 7. Then tighten the star handle 23 to complete the closing and locking of the device.

[0044] In existing technologies, when antennas are deployed using a rotational folding method, the spatial pointing and polarization directions change during deployment, resulting in inconsistent radiation characteristics of each antenna element in different deployed states. In this embodiment, adjusting the aperture of the adjustable antenna array component 3 does not affect the pointing and polarization directions of the external antenna element 20, ensuring stable radiation characteristics and high direction finding consistency for the external antenna element 20.

[0045] In some embodiments of the present invention, to achieve more accurate full-band detection from 20MHz to 8000MHz, the antenna array can be configured as a low-end antenna array and a high-end antenna array. The adjustable antenna array component 3 serves as the low-end antenna array, used for detection and direction finding covering the 20MHz–1000MHz frequency band, particularly suitable for receiving UAV communication signals in low-frequency bands such as Sub-1GHz and 1.2GHz. The device also includes a fixed antenna array component 2 as the high-end antenna array component, used for detection and direction finding covering the 1000MHz–8000MHz frequency band. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the fixed antenna array assembly 2 is located in the cavity formed between the radome 7 and the detection and direction finding host 1, and is fixedly installed above the detection and direction finding host 1 and is signal connected to the detection and direction finding host 1.

[0046] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 10As shown, the fixed antenna array assembly 2 includes a base plate 27, a first reflector 28, a second reflector 29, a first detection and direction-finding antenna array 8, a second detection and direction-finding antenna array 9, a matrix switch unit 10, and an electronic compass unit 11. The first reflector 28 is mounted on the base plate 27. The first detection and direction-finding antenna array 8, composed of multiple identical antenna elements evenly arranged along the circumference, is mounted on the first reflector 28. The first detection and direction-finding antenna array 8 is used for detection and direction finding in the 1000MHz-3000MHz frequency band. The second reflector 29 is mounted in the center of the first reflector 28. The second detection and direction-finding antenna array 9, composed of multiple identical antenna elements evenly arranged along the circumference, is mounted on the second reflector 29. The second detection and direction-finding antenna array 9 is used for detection and direction finding in the 3000MHz-8000MHz frequency band. This multi-layered, multi-band nested layout achieves wideband coverage within a limited space while reducing the mutual coupling between the antenna arrays. Furthermore, when the radome 7 rotates, the antenna elements of the adjustable antenna array assembly 3 and the fixed antenna array assembly 2 are always evenly distributed along the circumference and do not interfere with each other.

[0047] The matrix switch unit 10 is fixed to the bottom of the reflector 28 and is used for switching and synthesizing high-frequency signals. The electronic compass unit 11 is used to acquire the azimuth angle of the equipment in real time and transmit the data to the detection and direction finding host 1. Combining the phase difference of the signals received by each antenna element, the direction of arrival of the UAV is calculated using amplitude comparison direction finding or correlation interferometer algorithms. The electronic compass unit 11 is fixedly installed in the center above the base plate 27 to reduce the impact on the detection and direction finding antenna array 8 and the detection and direction finding antenna array 9, and also to facilitate the subsequent calibration of the electronic compass unit 11.

[0048] In some embodiments of the present invention, the bottom cavity 32 is provided with a plurality of staggered cylindrical heat dissipation teeth 33, the axis of which is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the bottom cavity 32, to increase the heat dissipation area. The side wall of the bottom cavity 32 is provided with a plurality of air outlets 34, the positions of which are aligned with the gaps between the heat dissipation teeth 33 to form an airflow path.

[0049] In some embodiments of the present invention, to enhance heat dissipation, such as Figure 1 and Figure 11 As shown, the equipment also includes a fan assembly 4, which includes a fan mounting plate 26 and four waterproof axial flow fans 35. The fan mounting plate 26 is fixed to the bottom surface of the bottom cavity 32 with screws, and the waterproof axial flow fans 35 are fixedly installed on the fan mounting plate 26. When the equipment is running, the waterproof axial flow fans 35 start, and cooperate with the cylindrical heat dissipation teeth 33 and the air outlet 34 to form a high-efficiency heat dissipation channel, effectively reducing the internal temperature of the equipment.

[0050] All contents not described in detail in the specification are existing technologies known to those skilled in the art, and the model parameters of each electrical appliance are not specifically limited; conventional equipment can be used. Electrical control components not mentioned in this technical solution are not shown in the figures because they are existing technologies, and will not be described here.

[0051] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of patent protection of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit disclosed in the present invention should still be covered within the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A full-band unmanned aerial vehicle detection and direction finding device, characterized in that, include: Antenna radome, detection and direction finding host, adjustable antenna array assembly and turntable assembly; The radome is fixedly mounted on the detection and direction finding host, and the adjustable antenna array assembly is fixedly installed at the bottom of the detection and direction finding host and is signal-connected to the detection and direction finding host; The adjustable antenna array assembly includes a bottom cavity and multiple external antenna elements arranged in a ring array. The external antenna elements are mounted on the bottom cavity via a telescopic rod assembly, which can reciprocate linearly along the bottom cavity in a radial direction. The turntable assembly is rotatably connected to the bottom of the adjustable antenna array assembly. The turntable assembly is provided with a motion conversion mechanism, which is connected to the plurality of telescopic rod assemblies. The motion conversion mechanism is configured to synchronously drive the plurality of telescopic rod assemblies to move radially linearly when the antenna cover rotates around the axis of the turntable assembly, thereby driving the plurality of external antenna elements to extend or retract radially synchronously to adjust the aperture of the ring antenna array synchronously. 2.The full-band UAV detection and direction finding device according to claim 1, wherein: The motion conversion mechanism consists of multiple arc-shaped grooves evenly distributed along the circumference of the turntable assembly, and the telescopic rod assembly is slidably connected to the arc-shaped grooves via a deep groove ball bearing. 3.The full-band UAV detection and direction finding device of claim 1, wherein: The external antenna element includes two antenna bodies, which are arranged perpendicularly to the telescopic rod assembly and face the same direction. One of the antenna bodies can rotate relative to the telescopic rod assembly to face the opposite direction to the other antenna body.

4. The full-band UAV detection and direction finding device according to claim 1, wherein: The telescopic pole assembly includes a spring radio frequency connecting cable, connector one, connector two, and a telescopic pole; connector one and connector two are respectively installed at both ends of the telescopic pole, connector two is used to install the external antenna element, connector one is used to connect to the detection and direction finding host signal, and connector one and connector two are connected by the spring radio frequency connecting cable.

5. The full-band UAV detection and direction-finding device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The telescopic rod includes a first telescopic rod and a second telescopic rod. The second telescopic rod is limited to the inside of the first telescopic rod by a limiting screw. The first telescopic rod is connected to the bottom cavity, and the second telescopic rod is connected to the external antenna element. The second telescopic rod is configured to be axially rotatable to adjust the polarization of the external antenna element. The second telescopic rod is also configured to be axially movable relative to the first telescopic rod to achieve two-stage telescopic movement.

6. The full-band UAV detection and direction-finding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It includes a fixed antenna array assembly, which is disposed in a receiving cavity formed between the radome and the detection and direction finding host, is fixedly installed above the detection and direction finding host, and is signal-connected to the detection and direction finding host.

7. A full-band UAV detection and direction-finding device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fixed antenna array assembly includes a base plate, a first reflector, a second reflector, a first detection and direction-finding antenna array, a second detection and direction-finding antenna array, a matrix switch unit, and an electronic compass unit. The first reflector is mounted on the base plate, and the first detection and direction-finding antenna array, composed of multiple identical antenna elements evenly arranged along the circumference, is mounted on the first reflector. The second reflector is mounted in the center of the first reflector, and the second detection and direction-finding antenna array, composed of multiple identical antenna elements evenly arranged along the circumference, is mounted on the second reflector. The matrix switch unit is fixed to the bottom of the first reflector and is used for switching and combining high-frequency signals. The electronic compass unit is fixedly installed in the center above the base plate.

8. A full-band UAV detection and direction-finding device according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: The telescopic rod assembly is disposed in the bottom cavity through a guide groove. The guide groove has sliding grooves on both sides. The telescopic rod assembly has a boss on its side, which is configured to move linearly along the sliding groove. The telescopic rod assembly has scale lines for indicating the size of the low-end antenna array aperture.

9. A full-band UAV detection and direction-finding device according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: The turntable assembly includes a locking element for locking the turntable assembly and the adjustable antenna array assembly.

10. A full-band UAV detection and direction-finding device according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: The radome is provided with a groove for accommodating the external antenna element.

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