An agricultural seed incubation apparatus

Abstract

This invention discloses an agricultural seed cultivation device, comprising a shell with an internal heat-insulating and moisture-retaining mechanism and a supplementary lighting plate installed at the top inner surface of the shell. A planting pot is embedded in the middle of the shell, and a support plate is fixedly connected to the middle of the planting pot. The support plate has multiple fine holes and is covered with a layer of gauze filled with soil. A connecting cylinder is fixedly connected to the lower end of the planting pot, and a piston rod is installed inside the connecting cylinder. The piston rod moves up and down reciprocally via a reciprocating mechanism. The bottom space of the planting pot communicates with the top space of the connecting cylinder through a connecting opening. When using this device, bottom irrigation is employed during seedling watering, creating a soil condition where the bottom is moist and the top is dry. This promotes root development in the seedlings, improving seedling quality. Furthermore, a negative pressure can be created at the bottom before irrigation, opening soil gaps and facilitating irrigation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of seedling cultivation, and more particularly to an agricultural seed cultivation device. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of agricultural seedling cultivation, irrigation methods have a crucial impact on the growth, development, and quality of seedlings. Traditional irrigation methods mostly employ top irrigation, which involves directly pouring water onto the stems, leaves, and soil surface of the seedlings; This irrigation method can easily lead to excessive saturation of the top soil surface while the bottom soil layer is relatively dry. This causes the seedling roots to tend to grow in the well-watered surface layer, resulting in shallow roots that are not firmly rooted. When faced with changes in the external environment, such as drought or strong winds, the seedlings have poor adaptability and resistance, which affects their survival rate and subsequent growth quality. In addition, during the seedling cultivation stage, due to factors such as the soil's own weight and water infiltration, the gaps between soil particles are relatively small. Each time water is irrigated, the water penetration speed is slow and the uniformity is poor, resulting in low irrigation efficiency and difficulty in ensuring that water penetrates evenly and fully into the deep soil layers to meet the needs of seedling root growth. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing an agricultural seed cultivation device. When using this device, the bottom irrigation method is adopted during seedling irrigation, which can create a watering state where the soil is wet at the bottom and dry at the top, promoting seedling rooting to the bottom and improving seedling quality. In addition, a negative pressure can be created at the bottom before irrigation, and the negative pressure difference can be used to open up the soil gaps and promote irrigation.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An agricultural seed cultivation device includes a shell, inside which a heat preservation and moisture retention mechanism is installed, and a supplementary lighting plate is installed on the inner top of the shell; a planting pot is embedded in the middle of the shell, and a support plate is fixedly connected to the middle of the planting pot. The support plate has multiple fine holes and is covered with a layer of gauze filled with soil. A connecting cylinder is fixedly connected to the lower end of the planting pot, and a piston rod is installed inside the connecting cylinder. The piston rod moves back and forth up and down via a reciprocating mechanism. The inner bottom space of the planting pot is connected to the top space of the connecting cylinder through a communication opening. The system is interconnected, with a metering cylinder installed on the rear side of the shell. The bottom space of the metering cylinder is connected to a connecting pipe, the other end of which extends to the side wall of the connecting cylinder. A one-way valve is installed inside the connecting pipe to allow the metering cylinder to enter the connecting cylinder in one direction. When the piston column moves down, a fixed amount of water and gas is drawn in. When the piston column moves up, the gas is first forced out to clear the gaps in the soil. Then, water is evenly injected from the bottom of the cleared soil to achieve bottom irrigation and promote the growth of plant roots. The system also includes a camera mechanism for monitoring seedling growth.

[0005] Preferably, the heat preservation and humidity control mechanism includes a temperature exchange plate fixedly connected to the rear side wall of the housing, two temperature and humidity sensors installed on the rear side wall of the housing, a hollow diversion ring for water to enter fixedly connected to the inner top of the housing, and atomizing nozzles installed at equal intervals on the inner bottom of the hollow diversion ring.

[0006] Preferably, a sealing door is installed on the front side of the housing, and a control box is installed on the sealing door. The control box is electrically connected to the temperature and humidity sensor. The control box can control the temperature exchange plate to achieve heating or cooling, and the control box can control multiple atomizing nozzles to perform atomization humidification.

[0007] Preferably, a water pump is installed on the rear side of the housing, the water pump is electrically connected to the control box, and the water outlet of the water pump extends into the inner top space of the metering cylinder.

[0008] Preferably, it also includes a ventilation mechanism, which includes air inlets on the inner walls of both sides of the housing, and two exhaust fans symmetrically installed on the rear side wall of the housing. After the two exhaust fans are started, they can draw the gas inside the housing to the outside. Both exhaust fans are electrically connected to the control box.

[0009] Preferably, the reciprocating mechanism includes a first rotating shaft rotatably connected to the inner walls of the left and right sides of the housing, a drive motor is installed on the left side wall of the housing, the drive motor is electrically connected to the control box, and the output shaft of the drive motor extends into the housing and is fixedly connected to the left end of the first rotating shaft. The lower end of the piston rod is elastically connected to the inner bottom of the connecting cylinder by multiple springs. A U-shaped frame is fixedly connected to the lower end of the piston rod. The lower end of the U-shaped frame passes through the inner bottom of the connecting cylinder. A rack is installed on the rear side wall of the U-shaped frame. An incomplete gear that meshes with the rack is fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft.

[0010] Preferably, the camera mechanism includes a rotating ring rotatably connected to the outside of the planting pot via a bearing, a mounting plate is fixedly connected to the upper end of the rotating ring, a blower pipe is fixedly connected to the upper end of the mounting plate, and a camera is fixedly connected to the upper end of the blower pipe. A gearbox is installed at the lower end of the support plate. The output shaft of the gearbox is fixedly connected to a drive gear. A driven gear that meshes with the drive gear is fixedly connected to the outer side of the rotating ring. A second rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the input shaft of the gearbox. A transmission bevel gear is fixedly connected to the second rotating shaft. An incomplete bevel gear that meshes with the transmission bevel gear is fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft.

[0011] Preferably, a connecting ring is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the top part of the connecting cylinder, the inner side of the connecting ring is connected to the internal space of the connecting cylinder through multiple connecting ports, and a drain hole is opened in the inner bottom space of the connecting ring, and a first solenoid valve is installed inside the drain hole.

[0012] Preferably, a support ring is fixedly connected to the upper end of the support plate, a first annular groove is opened at the lower end of the rotating ring, and a second annular groove is opened at the upper end of the support ring. The first annular groove and the second annular groove are slidably sealed. The second annular groove is connected to the inside of the connecting ring through multiple diversion pipes. A second solenoid valve and a one-way valve for gas to enter the second annular groove from the connecting ring in one direction are installed inside each diversion pipe. The first annular groove is connected to the inside of the blower pipe, and multiple air holes are opened on the right side wall of the blower pipe. Multiple first and second solenoid valves are electrically connected to the control box.

[0013] Preferably, the bearing plate is made of spring steel, a vibration transmission plate is fixedly connected to the lower end of the bearing plate, a transmission rod is fixedly connected to the lower end of the vibration transmission plate, the lower end of the transmission rod passes through the communication port and extends to the inner top of the connecting cylinder, and a hard impact block that cooperates with the transmission rod is fixedly connected to the upper end of the piston column.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. It achieves fully automated control of temperature, humidity, ventilation, irrigation, etc., eliminating the need for frequent manual intervention, reducing labor costs, and avoiding problems such as uneven control and water accumulation caused by manual operation. It is easy to operate and can flexibly adjust parameters according to the growth needs of seedlings, making control more precise.

[0015] 2. The piston column and the incomplete gear work together to achieve bottom irrigation, first clearing the gaps in the soil before injecting water to promote the growth of seedling roots. With the help of the metering cylinder and water pump, quantitative water supply is achieved to avoid water waste or seedling water shortage. At the same time, excess water can be drained in time to ensure soil permeability and aeration. The bottom watering method allows the planting part to have more water at the bottom and less water at the top, thereby promoting the rooting of seedlings to the bottom and improving seedling quality.

[0016] 3. The camera mechanism enables all-weather remote monitoring of seedling growth, and the camera position is adjusted synchronously each time watering is carried out to ensure comprehensive shooting, making it easy to grasp the seedling growth status in real time without the need for manual on-site inspection, thus improving the convenience of cultivation management.

[0017] 4. Airflow simulation mode can simulate natural airflow from different directions, inducing thickening of seedling cell walls and increase of lignin, thereby enhancing lodging resistance and further improving seedling quality to meet transplanting needs. At the same time, while the airflow simulation mode is running, vibration can be used to loosen the soil, which can further promote seedling growth. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an agricultural seed cultivation device proposed in this invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Rear view diagram; Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram after removing the sealing door and control box; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Front view diagram; Figure 5 Diagram showing the arrangement of the reciprocating mechanism, camera setup, and planting pots; Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure; Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of point A; Figure 8 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of point B; Figure 9 for Figure 6 Front view diagram; Figure 10 for Figure 9 Enlarged view of point C; Figure 11 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the rear side.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Housing, 2. Sealed door, 3. Air inlet, 4. Drive motor, 5. Control box, 6. Water pump, 7. Exhaust fan, 8. Metering cylinder, 9. Connecting pipe, 10. Support plate, 11. Planting pot, 12. Connecting cylinder, 13. Hollow diverter ring, 14. Atomizing nozzle, 15. Supplemental lighting plate, 16. Temperature and humidity sensor, 17. Temperature exchange plate, 18. First rotating shaft, 19. Rotating ring, 20. Driven gear, 21. Driven gear, 22. Second rotating shaft, 23. Mounting plate, 24. Blower pipe. 25 Camera, 26 Transmission bevel gear, 27 Incomplete bevel gear, 28 Air hole, 29 Gearbox, 30 Bearing plate, 31 Fine hole, 32 Vibration transmission plate, 33 Connecting port, 34 Transmission rod, 35 Hard impact block, 36 Connecting ring, 37 Diverter pipe, 38 Drain hole, 39 Connecting port, 40 Piston column, 41 Ring frame, 42 Spring, 43 Incomplete gear, 44 Rack, 45 First annular groove, 46 Second annular groove, 47 Support ring. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0021] Reference Figures 1-11 An agricultural seed cultivation device includes a housing 1, inside which is a heat preservation and humidity control mechanism. This mechanism includes a heat exchange plate 17 fixedly connected to the rear wall of the housing 1. The heat exchange plate 17 is a sealed plate with circulating heat exchange liquid, and its interior adopts a spiral heat exchange channel design. The heat exchange liquid is a food-grade thermally conductive and antifreeze fluid, suitable for low-temperature cultivation scenarios without freezing and cracking the flow channel. The heat exchange plate 17 is connected to an external constant-temperature compressor via a quick-connect pipe, allowing for rapid heating or cooling according to cultivation needs. It features high heat exchange efficiency and minimal temperature fluctuation, precisely adapting to the temperature requirements of different seed germination and seedling growth. Two temperature and humidity sensors 16 are installed on the rear wall of the housing 1. The temperature and humidity data of the upper and lower areas inside the housing 1 are monitored in real time to avoid uneven local temperature and humidity affecting the cultivation effect. The sensor probe is covered with a breathable dustproof cover to prevent soil dust and water mist from affecting the detection accuracy. A hollow diversion ring 13 for water to enter is fixedly connected to the inner top of the housing 1. The hollow diversion ring 13 is made of corrosion-resistant PVC material and is arranged in a ring shape, covering the area directly above the planting pot 11. The water supply here adopts an external high-pressure variable frequency water pump, which can adjust the water supply pressure to adapt to different atomization fineness requirements. Atomizing nozzles 14 are installed at equal intervals on the inner bottom of the hollow diversion ring 13. The nozzles are made of anti-clogging stainless steel, and the atomized particles are fine and uniform, avoiding large water droplets from hitting the seeds and seedlings. A supplementary lighting plate 15 is installed on the inner top of the housing 1. The supplementary lighting plate 15 is a full-spectrum plant growth lamp. The lamp plate is equipped with a waterproof protective cover. The duration and intensity of light can be adjusted according to the growth stage of the seedlings to meet the photosynthetic needs of seed germination and seedling stem and leaf growth, and to compensate for the problem of insufficient natural light.

[0022] Furthermore, a sealing door 2 is installed on the front side of the housing 1. A high-temperature resistant silicone sealing strip is embedded at the edge of the sealing door 2. After being closed, it fits tightly with the housing 1 to ensure the internal tightness, reduce the loss of temperature and humidity. A control box 5 is installed on the sealing door 2. The control box 5 is internally equipped with a microcomputer control main board, a touch display screen and operation buttons. The control box 5 is electrically connected to the temperature and humidity sensor 16, and can receive and display the internal temperature and humidity data in real time, set the upper and lower limit thresholds of temperature and humidity, and automatically start the regulation program when the threshold is exceeded. The control box 5 can control the external compressor supporting the temperature-changing plate 17 to achieve heating or cooling, and automatically maintain the internal constant temperature state. The control box 5 can control multiple atomizing nozzles 14 to atomize and humidify regularly and quantitatively, avoiding the problems of uneven manual humidification and excessive water accumulation, and realizing the automatic regulation of temperature and humidity throughout the process, reducing the labor cost of on-site monitoring.

[0023] Furthermore, a ventilation mechanism is further included. The ventilation mechanism includes air inlets 3 opened on the inner walls of both sides of the housing 1. Two exhaust fans 7 are symmetrically installed on the rear side wall of the housing 1. After the two exhaust fans 7 are started, the gas inside the housing 1 can be pumped to the outside. The two exhaust fans 7 are both electrically connected to the control box 5. After the two exhaust fans 7 are started, the turbid gas and excess moisture inside the housing 1 can be pumped to the outside, and the air inside and outside can be circulated through the cooperation of the air inlets 3, avoiding internal stuffiness and mildew growth. The two exhaust fans 7 are both electrically connected to the control box 5, and can be started regularly for ventilation, or can automatically start dehumidification according to the internal humidity data, ensuring the freshness of the internal air and meeting the aerobic respiration requirements of the seedlings.

[0024] Among them, a planting pot 11 is embedded in the middle of the housing 1. A bearing plate 30 is fixedly connected to the middle of the planting pot 11. Multiple fine holes 31 are opened on the bearing plate 30. The fine holes 31 are evenly opened on the bearing plate 30, and the aperture of the fine holes 31 is controlled within 2-3 mm, which can not only permeate water and air, but also prevent soil loss. A medical sterile gauze layer is laid on the bearing plate 30. The pores of the gauze layer are uniform, which can fix the soil and ensure the water circulation at the same time. The gauze layer is filled with a special loose and breathable soil for seedling cultivation. The soil has been disinfected in advance to avoid the breeding of pests and diseases. When growing seedlings, the seeds are evenly placed on the surface of the soil, and then a thin layer of soil is covered. A connecting cylinder 12 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the planting pot 11. A piston column 40 is arranged inside the connecting cylinder 12. The piston column 40 realizes reciprocating up and down movement through a reciprocating mechanism. The reciprocating mechanism includes a first rotating shaft 18 rotatably connected to the inner walls of the left and right sides of the housing 1. A driving motor 4 is installed on the left side wall of the housing 1. The driving motor 4 is electrically connected to the control box 5. The output shaft of the driving motor 4 extends into the housing 1 and is fixedly connected to the left end of the first rotating shaft 18. After the motor is started, it can drive the first rotating shaft 18 to rotate at a constant speed; The lower end of the piston column 40 is elastically connected to the inner bottom of the connecting cylinder 12 by multiple springs 42. A U-shaped frame 41 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the piston column 40. The lower end of the U-shaped frame 41 passes through the inner bottom of the connecting cylinder 12. A rack 44 is installed on the rear side wall of the U-shaped frame 41. An incomplete gear 43 that meshes with the rack 44 is fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft 18. The incomplete gear 43 here is a three-quarter gear. When it rotates to the first three-quarters state, it meshes with the rack 44. When it rotates to the last quarter state, it does not mesh with the rack 44. Each time a watering is performed, the drive motor 4 starts and rotates one revolution. By using the rack 44 and the incomplete gear 43, the U-shaped frame 41 can drive the piston column 40 to move down first. Then, when it is not meshed, the piston column 40 moves back under the elastic action of the springs 42.

[0025] Additionally, the bottom space of the planting pot 11 is connected to the top space of the connecting cylinder 12 via the connecting port 33. A measuring cylinder 8 is installed on the rear side of the shell 1, and a connecting pipe 9 is connected to the bottom space of the measuring cylinder 8. The other end of the connecting pipe 9 extends to the side wall of the connecting cylinder 12, and the connection point is located on the rear side of the top part of the piston column 40. That is, the connecting pipe 9 is initially blocked. A one-way valve is installed inside the connecting pipe 9 to allow the measuring cylinder 8 to enter the connecting cylinder 12. When the piston column 40 moves down, the connecting pipe 9 opens. As the piston column 40 continues to move down, the resulting negative pressure will draw the water in the measuring cylinder 8 into the connecting cylinder 12. (At this point, due to the small gaps in the soil and the high gas resistance, it is difficult to replenish the gas through the gaps in the soil, and the fluid will basically flow through the connecting pipe 9). After the water is pumped out, the piston column 40 will continue to move downwards to pump in some gas. The gas will be located in the space above the water. When the piston column 40 moves upwards, the gas can be forced out first to clear the gaps in the soil. Then, the water can be evenly injected from the bottom of the cleared soil to achieve bottom irrigation. The roots of the seedlings are attracted to water. Because there is more water at the bottom, the roots will concentrate and grow deep into the soil, promoting the growth of the plant roots and avoiding the root system from moving upwards to water and not growing deep due to surface irrigation. Furthermore, a water pump 6 is installed on the rear side of the casing 1. The water pump 6 is a small, silent, metering water pump, which is electrically connected to the control box 5 to realize automatic water injection. The water outlet of the water pump 6 extends into the inner top space of the metering cylinder 8. Before each irrigation, the control box 5 will control the water pump 6 to inject a metered amount of water into the metering cylinder 8 in advance. The amount of water injected can be flexibly adjusted according to the variety, growth cycle, and growth status of the seedlings. The adjustment can be completed by preset water parameters through the control box 5. The operation is simple and convenient, avoiding the problems of excessive water waste and insufficient water drying out, and the control is more precise.

[0026] The system also includes a camera mechanism that can monitor seedling growth. The camera mechanism includes a rotating ring 19 that is rotatably connected to the outside of the planting pot 11 via a bearing. A mounting plate 23 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the rotating ring 19. A blower pipe 24 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the mounting plate 23. A camera 25 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the blower pipe 24. The camera 25 has night vision capabilities and can shoot in all weather conditions. The camera 25 can transmit the captured images to external display terminals such as mobile phones and computers via wireless or wired transmission to achieve remote real-time monitoring. This is an existing mature transmission technology that does not require additional modification and has strong adaptability. A gearbox 29 is mounted on the lower end of the support plate 10. The output shaft of the gearbox 29 is fixedly connected to a drive gear 21. A driven gear 20, meshing with the drive gear 21, is fixedly connected to the outer side of the rotating ring 19. A second rotating shaft 22 is fixedly connected to the input shaft of the gearbox 29. A transmission bevel gear 26 is fixedly connected to the second rotating shaft 22. An incomplete bevel gear 27, which meshes with the transmission bevel gear 26, is fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft 18. Each time irrigation is performed, the drive motor 4 rotates once, which in turn drives the incomplete bevel gear 27 to rotate once. The gear is a three-quarter bevel gear. Its initial three-quarter rotation can drive the transmission bevel gear 26 to rotate, while the later quarter rotation will not drive the transmission bevel gear 26 to rotate. Furthermore, by utilizing the acceleration transmission of the gearbox 29, each time the drive motor 4 starts and rotates one revolution, the drive gear 21 can rotate multiple revolutions, and the driven gear 20 can drive the rotating ring 19 to rotate one-quarter revolution. That is, each time the drive motor 4 works, the rotating ring 19 will rotate one-quarter revolution, thereby realizing the adjustment of the position of the camera 25. This adjustment can promote the comprehensiveness of the shooting.

[0027] A connecting ring 36 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the top part of the connecting cylinder 12. The inner side of the connecting ring 36 is connected to the internal space of the connecting cylinder 12 through multiple connecting ports 39. A drain hole 38 is opened in the inner bottom space of the connecting ring 36, and a first solenoid valve is installed inside the drain hole 38.

[0028] The upper end of the support plate 10 is fixedly connected to a support ring 47, the lower end of the rotating ring 19 is provided with a first annular groove 45, and the upper end of the support ring 47 is provided with a second annular groove 46. The first annular groove 45 and the second annular groove 46 are slidably sealed. The second annular groove 46 is connected to the interior of the connecting ring 36 through multiple diversion pipes 37. Each diversion pipe 37 is equipped with a second solenoid valve and a one-way valve for gas to enter the second annular groove 46 from the connecting ring 36 in one direction. The first annular groove 45 is connected to the interior of the blower pipe 24. Multiple air holes 28 are provided on the right side wall of the blower pipe 24. The multiple first solenoid valves and second solenoid valves are electrically connected to the control box 5. This scheme sets up two different modes: watering mode and airflow simulation mode. In the watering mode, the first solenoid valve is in use and the second solenoid valve is always closed. In this mode, the first solenoid valve is closed when the drive motor 4 starts, and automatically closes after the drive motor 4 has completed a full single rotation for one minute, and after three minutes of conduction. Using this method, after the bottom watering is completed, the excess water can enter the connecting ring 36 from the connection port 39 under the action of gravity, and finally be discharged from the drain hole 38. In airflow simulation mode, the first solenoid valve is always closed, while the second solenoid valve is always open. This mode simulates wind resistance for seedlings one or two days before transplanting, further improving seedling quality. Specifically, the drive motor 4 is intermittently started multiple times (e.g., 8 or 12 times). Each rotation of the drive motor 4 causes the piston column 40 to move down and then up. When moving down, gas is supplied from the outside via the connecting pipe 9. When moving up, the gas is passed through the connecting ring 36, the diverter pipe 37, the second annular groove 46, and the first annular groove 45 (the gaps in the soil are small, and the airflow will preferentially travel through the channels with less gas resistance, so it will basically not travel through the soil gaps), and finally compressed into the blower pipe 24 from multiple... The airflow discharged through stomata 28 can simulate unidirectional airflow. A continuous gentle breeze blowing from one side will generate unidirectional mechanical stress on the base of the seedling stem, inducing thickening of the plant cell wall and increase in lignin, which can significantly improve the resistance to lodging. It is especially suitable for machine transplanting / throwing, reducing planting damage, lodging, and seedling drift. It should be noted that after each start of the drive motor 4, the rotating ring 19 will rotate a quarter turn to adjust the position of the blower pipe 24. In this way, the unidirectional airflow is not in a single direction, but blows in all directions in one simulation, further simulating the airflow in different directions in the actual environment. At the same time, the overall symmetrical airflow can effectively prevent the seedlings from tilting and growing crookedly due to continuous unidirectional airflow.

[0029] Furthermore, the bearing plate 30 is made of spring steel, and a vibration transmission plate 32 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the bearing plate 30. A transmission rod 34 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the vibration transmission plate 32. The lower end of the transmission rod 34 passes through the connecting port 33 and extends to the inner top of the connecting cylinder 12. A hard impact block 35 that cooperates with the transmission rod 34 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the piston column 40. During the upward movement of the piston column 40, the gas can be discharged relatively smoothly, so the upward movement speed of the piston column 40 is relatively fast. After moving to the initial position, the hard impact block 35 will also strike the transmission rod 34 due to inertia, generating vibration. The vibration force is transmitted to the bearing plate 30 made of spring steel through the vibration transmission plate 32, causing the bearing plate 30 to vibrate. This vibration can loosen the soil, which can further promote vegetation growth. Since this simulation is located a few days before transplanting, the seedling roots are relatively stable at this time, so the vibration will not affect the seedlings.

[0030] The working principle of this invention is as follows: First, lay a layer of medical sterile gauze on the support plate 30 in the planting pot 11, fill the gauze layer with seedling soil that has been disinfected and sterilized, place the seeds evenly on the surface of the soil, and then cover with a thin layer of soil to complete the seed placement preparation. When the device is started, the control box 5 receives and displays the temperature and humidity data of the upper and lower areas inside the shell 1 monitored by the two temperature and humidity sensors 16 in real time. According to the preset upper and lower temperature and humidity thresholds, it automatically adjusts the external constant temperature compressor connected to the heat exchange plate 17. Through the circulation of food-grade heat-conducting antifreeze liquid in the spiral heat exchange channel inside the heat exchange plate 17, the constant temperature regulation inside the shell 1 is achieved to adapt to the temperature requirements of seed germination and seedling growth.

[0031] The control box 5 controls the external high-pressure variable frequency water pump in a timed and quantitative manner to supply water to the hollow diversion ring 13 at the top of the housing 1. Through the atomizing nozzles 14 installed at equal intervals at the bottom of the hollow diversion ring 13, the seeds and seedlings in the planting pot 11 are atomized and humidified. At the same time, the supplemental lighting plate 15 is controlled to adjust the duration and intensity of full-spectrum light according to the growth stage of the seedlings to make up for insufficient natural light.

[0032] The control box 5 can start the two exhaust fans 7 on the rear side wall of the housing 1 at regular intervals, or automatically start the exhaust fans 7 according to the humidity data monitored by the temperature and humidity sensor 16, to extract the turbid gas and excess moisture inside the housing 1, and achieve internal and external air circulation in conjunction with the air inlets 3 on both sides of the housing 1, so as to avoid internal stuffiness and mold growth, and ensure the seedlings have aerobic respiration.

[0033] Before irrigation, the control box 5 controls the water pump 6 on the rear side of the housing 1 to inject a fixed amount of water into the metering cylinder 8. Then, the drive motor 4 on the left side wall of the housing 1 is started, which drives the first rotating shaft 18 to rotate. The incomplete gear 43 on the first rotating shaft 18 meshes with the rack 44 on the loop frame 41, which drives the piston column 40 to move down. The negative pressure is used to draw the water in the metering cylinder 8 into the connecting cylinder 12 through the connecting pipe 9. After the water is drawn in, the continued downward movement will draw in some gas.

[0034] After the piston column 40 moves down to its limit, that is, after the incomplete gear 43 and the loop frame 41 are misaligned, the piston column 40 moves back under the elastic action of the spring 42. First, the gas in the connecting cylinder 12 is forced into the soil at the bottom of the planting pot 11 to clear the soil gaps. Then, water is injected into the soil through the connecting port 33 to achieve bottom irrigation and promote the growth of seedling roots. During this process, due to the small diameter of the soil gaps and the large resistance, the piston column 40 moves up slowly, and the hard impact block 35 will basically not impact the transmission rod 34.

[0035] When the drive motor 4 rotates, the incomplete bevel gear 27, transmission bevel gear 26 and gearbox 29 on the first rotating shaft 18 drive the drive gear 21 to rotate, which in turn drives the driven gear 20 to rotate the rotating ring 19 and the camera 25 by a quarter turn, so as to realize the comprehensive shooting and monitoring of seedling growth, which is convenient to grasp the seedling growth status in real time. That is, after each watering, the camera 25 will rotate once, which can realize the full coverage of seedling shooting.

[0036] In irrigation mode, after the drive motor 4 has been rotating for a period of time, the second solenoid valve closes and the first solenoid valve on the connecting ring 36 is open for a period of time to drain excess water from the planting pot 11 and prevent water from soaking the roots of the seedlings. One or two days before the seedlings are about to be transplanted, the airflow simulation mode can be switched to, the first solenoid valve closes and the second solenoid valve opens, the drive motor 4 is started multiple times, the piston column 40 presses the gas into the blower pipe 24, and the simulated multi-directional airflow is discharged from the air hole 28 to improve the seedlings' resistance to lodging. During this process, the piston column 40 moves upward at a relatively fast speed. After moving upward to the initial position, the hard impact block 35 will also hit the transmission rod 34 due to inertia, generating vibration. The vibration force is transmitted to the spring steel bearing plate 30 through the vibration transmission plate 32, causing the bearing plate 30 to vibrate. This vibration can loosen the soil, which can further promote vegetation growth.

[0037] Once the seedlings have grown to a suitable transplanting stage, turn off the equipment, open the sealing door 2, and transplant the seedlings.

[0038] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An agricultural seed cultivation device, characterized in that, include: The housing (1) is provided with a heat preservation and moisture retention mechanism inside, and a supplementary light plate (15) is installed on the inner top of the housing (1). A planting pot (11) is embedded in the middle of the shell (1). A support plate (30) is fixedly connected to the middle of the planting pot (11). The support plate (30) has multiple fine holes (31). A gauze layer is laid on the support plate (30) and filled with soil. A connecting cylinder (12) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the planting pot (11). A piston column (40) is installed inside the connecting cylinder (12). The piston column (40) moves up and down back and forth through a reciprocating mechanism. The inner bottom space of the planting pot (11) is connected to the top space of the connecting cylinder (12) through a connecting port (33). The shell (1) is connected to a metering cylinder (8) installed on the rear side. The bottom space of the metering cylinder (8) is connected to a connecting pipe (9). The other end of the connecting pipe (9) extends to the side wall of the connecting cylinder (12). A one-way valve for the metering cylinder (8) to enter the connecting cylinder (12) is installed inside the connecting pipe (9). When the piston column (40) moves down, a certain amount of water and gas will be drawn in. When the piston column (40) moves up, the gas can be pushed out first to clear the gaps in the soil. Then, the water is injected evenly from the bottom of the cleared soil to achieve bottom irrigation and promote the growth of plant roots. The camera mechanism is used to monitor the growth of seedlings.

2. The agricultural seed breeding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat preservation and humidity keeping mechanism includes a heat exchange plate (17) fixedly connected to the rear side wall of the housing (1), two temperature and humidity sensors (16) are installed on the rear side wall of the housing (1), a hollow diversion ring (13) for water to enter is fixedly connected to the inner top of the housing (1), and atomizing nozzles (14) are installed at equal intervals on the inner bottom of the hollow diversion ring (13).

3. The agricultural seed breeding equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, A sealing door (2) is installed on the front side of the housing (1). A control box (5) is installed on the sealing door (2). The control box (5) is electrically connected to the temperature and humidity sensor (16). The control box (5) can control the temperature exchange plate (17) to achieve heating or cooling. The control box (5) can control multiple atomizing nozzles (14) to perform atomization humidification.

4. The agricultural seed breeding equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, A water pump (6) is installed on the rear side of the housing (1). The water pump (6) is electrically connected to the control box (5). The water outlet of the water pump (6) extends into the inner top space of the metering cylinder (8).

5. The agricultural seed breeding equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes a ventilation mechanism, which includes air inlets (3) on the inner walls of both sides of the housing (1), and two exhaust fans (7) symmetrically installed on the rear side wall of the housing (1). After the two exhaust fans (7) are started, they can draw the gas inside the housing (1) to the outside. Both exhaust fans (7) are electrically connected to the control box (5).

6. The agricultural seed breeding equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The reciprocating mechanism includes a first rotating shaft (18) rotatably connected to the inner walls of the left and right sides of the housing (1). A drive motor (4) is installed on the left side wall of the housing (1). The drive motor (4) is electrically connected to the control box (5). The output shaft of the drive motor (4) extends into the housing (1) and is fixedly connected to the left end of the first rotating shaft (18). The lower end of the piston rod (40) is elastically connected to the inner bottom of the connecting cylinder (12) by multiple springs (42). The lower end of the piston rod (40) is fixedly connected to a loop frame (41). The lower end of the loop frame (41) penetrates the inner bottom of the connecting cylinder (12). A rack (44) is installed on the rear side wall of the loop frame (41). An incomplete gear (43) that meshes with the rack (44) is fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft (18).

7. An agricultural seed breeding device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The camera mechanism includes a rotating ring (19) rotatably connected to the outside of the planting pot (11) via a bearing. The upper end of the rotating ring (19) is fixedly connected to a mounting plate (23). The upper end of the mounting plate (23) is fixedly connected to a blower pipe (24). The upper end of the blower pipe (24) is fixedly connected to a camera (25). The lower end of the support plate (10) is equipped with a gearbox (29). The output shaft of the gearbox (29) is fixedly connected to a drive gear (21). The outer side of the rotating ring (19) is fixedly connected to a driven gear (20) that meshes with the drive gear (21). The input shaft of the gearbox (29) is fixedly connected to a second rotating shaft (22). A transmission bevel gear (26) is fixedly connected to the second rotating shaft (22). An incomplete bevel gear (27) that meshes with the transmission bevel gear (26) is fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft (18).

8. The agricultural seed breeding equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that, A connecting ring (36) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the top part of the connecting cylinder (12). The inner side of the connecting ring (36) is connected to the internal space of the connecting cylinder (12) through multiple connecting ports (39). A drain hole (38) is opened in the inner bottom space of the connecting ring (36). A first solenoid valve is installed inside the drain hole (38).

9. An agricultural seed breeding device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The upper end of the support plate (10) is fixedly connected to a support ring (47), the lower end of the rotating ring (19) is provided with a first annular groove (45), the upper end of the support ring (47) is provided with a second annular groove (46), the first annular groove (45) and the second annular groove (46) are slidably sealed, the second annular groove (46) is connected to the inside of the connecting ring (36) through multiple diversion pipes (37), each diversion pipe (37) is equipped with a second solenoid valve and a one-way valve for gas to enter the second annular groove (46) from the connecting ring (36) in one direction, the first annular groove (45) is connected to the inside of the blower pipe (24), and multiple air holes (28) are provided on the right side wall of the blower pipe (24). Multiple first solenoid valves and second solenoid valves are electrically connected to the control box (5).

10. An agricultural seed breeding device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The bearing plate (30) is made of spring steel. A vibration transmission plate (32) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the bearing plate (30). A transmission rod (34) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the vibration transmission plate (32). The lower end of the transmission rod (34) passes through the communication port (33) and extends to the inner top of the connecting cylinder (12). A hard impact block (35) that cooperates with the transmission rod (34) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the piston column (40).

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