A corn film grass coordination water heat fertilizer regulation and control cultivation method in a semi-arid region

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for the coordinated water, heat, and fertilizer regulation of maize cultivation using mulch film and grass in semi-arid regions, belonging to the technical field of water-saving and efficiency-enhancing agriculture and improving arable land quality in dryland farming. The method includes the following steps: preparing the land in semi-arid regions by ridging to form a micro-topography of alternating ridges and furrows; laying mulch film on the ridge surface; applying basal fertilizer in the furrows and then setting up a layer of herbaceous plants as a cover; laying drip irrigation tape on the herbaceous plant cover; sowing maize 6-8 cm from the ridge-furrow boundary; applying nitrogen fertilizer during the seedling, jointing, and tasseling stages of maize; conducting conventional field management; and returning maize stalks to the field after harvest. This cultivation method can simultaneously reduce the amount of mulch film, improve maize yield, water use efficiency, nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, and soil quality, and is suitable for maize production in the semi-arid regions of Northwest China.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water-saving and efficiency-enhancing technology in dryland agriculture and the improvement of arable land quality, and in particular to a method for the coordinated water, heat and fertilizer regulation of corn cultivation with mulch film and grass in semi-arid areas. Background Technology

[0002] Corn is an important food crop, and water scarcity and improper water and nitrogen management are key factors limiting high yields and efficient water and fertilizer use. While existing full-film mulching has good rainwater harvesting, moisture retention, and warming effects, long-term use can easily lead to the accumulation of residual film and microplastics, and exacerbate soil degradation. Although straw mulching is beneficial for improving soil structure, increasing soil organic carbon content, and enhancing soil fertility, full straw mulching can lead to lower soil temperatures in the early growth stages, which is not conducive to corn emergence and early growth.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a new cultivation method to solve the problems of heavy residual film pollution from full film mulching and low early soil temperature from single straw mulching, and to improve corn yield, water use efficiency, nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and soil quality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for the coordinated water, heat and fertilizer regulation of maize cultivation with mulch film and grass in semi-arid areas, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: One of the technical solutions of the present invention: a method for the coordinated water, heat and fertilizer regulation of maize cultivation with mulch film and grass in semi-arid areas, comprising the following steps: (1) In semi-arid areas, the land is prepared and ridges are formed to create a micro-topography with alternating ridges and furrows; (2) Lay mulch on the ridge surface (the mulch-covered area serves as a rainwater collection and warming area), and after applying base fertilizer in the furrow, set up a herbaceous plant covering layer (the herbaceous plant covering layer serves as an infiltration and fertilization area). (3) Lay drip irrigation tape on the herbaceous plant cover layer; (4) Sow corn 6-8 cm away from the furrow boundary to form a corn planting strip; (5) Apply nitrogen fertilizer during the seedling, jointing and tasseling stages of corn (using drip irrigation and fertigation). (6) Carry out routine field management and return the corn stalks to the field after the corn harvest.

[0006] Laying mulch on the ridge surface can collect rainwater (collecting natural rainfall along the ridge surface and guiding it to the root zone near the corn planting strip), inhibit water evaporation during the seedling stage, increase soil temperature during the seedling stage, and promote emergence and early growth. The herbaceous plants covering the furrows buffer soil temperature fluctuations, reduce evaporation, enhance water infiltration, promote herbaceous plant decomposition, improve soil structure, and enhance soil fertility. It can also improve soil infiltration capacity, promote aggregate formation and organic carbon accumulation, and, combined with drip irrigation and fertigation, achieve precise control of water and nitrogen during the corn growth period. The method of this invention can alleviate the problems of residual film accumulation and soil degradation associated with traditional full-coverage mulching, enhance the synergistic effect of water and nitrogen, improve the hydrothermal environment and nutrient supply in the root zone, and increase corn yield, water use efficiency, nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, and soil quality. It is suitable for corn production in the semi-arid regions of Northwest China.

[0007] The dual mulch system, consisting of mulch film laid on the ridge surface and herbaceous plants covering the furrows, can increase soil temperature and moisture. Higher soil temperature and suitable soil moisture content are conducive to the decomposition of herbaceous plants. The decomposition of herbaceous plants can release nutrients, promote the formation of humus, and increase the content of organic carbon in large aggregates and aggregates, thereby providing a large amount of nutrients during the corn jointing to grain filling stage. Nitrogen application can also improve the carbon-nitrogen ratio during the decomposition process of herbaceous plants, further promoting soil structure improvement and organic carbon sequestration.

[0008] Preferably, the height of the ridge is 15-25cm, the width of the ridge surface is 40-60cm, and the width of the furrow is 40-60cm; The materials for the herbaceous plant cover layer include straw, pasture, green manure crops, natural herbaceous plant cuts, or mixtures thereof.

[0009] More preferably, the material of the herbaceous plant covering layer is selected from one or more of corn stalks, alfalfa, oat grass, ryegrass, ice grass, crested wheatgrass, foxtail grass, natural weeds and green manure. And / or, the thickness of the herbaceous plant cover layer is 3-6 cm, and the coverage is 4500-7500 kg / hm². 2 ; The length of the herbaceous plant covering material is 3 to 8 cm.

[0010] Preferably, the base fertilizer includes organic fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer.

[0011] Preferably, the base fertilizer is applied at a depth of 5-15 cm below or to the side of the corn planting strip.

[0012] Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied as basal fertilizer, topdressing during the corn seedling stage, topdressing during the corn jointing stage, and topdressing during the corn tasseling stage, with an application mass ratio of (15~25):(15~25):(25~30):(20~30). The application rate of the nitrogen fertilizer, calculated as pure nitrogen, is 240 kg / hm². 2 .

[0013] Preferably, the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts corn stalks, 10-20 parts sheep manure, 20-30 parts cow manure, 5-8 parts humic acid, and 1-1.5 parts compound microorganisms.

[0014] Preferably, the composite microorganism comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4-6 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 2-4 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 1-3 parts of Bacillus mucilaginosus, 2-4 parts of Bacillus cereus, 1-3 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens, 2-3 parts of Candida crocephala, 4-6 parts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 2-4 parts of Lactobacillus plantarum, and 2-4 parts of Azotobacter chrysogenum.

[0015] Bacillus subtilis can secrete plant endogenous hormones such as auxin and gibberellin, which can stimulate the elongation of the taproot and the increase of fibrous roots, thereby increasing root biomass. It can also regulate the rhizosphere microenvironment, enhance the root system's water absorption capacity, induce the plant to produce stress-resistant substances, and reduce water loss through leaf transpiration.

[0016] Bacillus licheniformis can colonize the root surface to form a biofilm, stimulating root germination and enhancing root vitality.

[0017] Bacillus can activate soil nutrients such as potassium, phosphorus, and silicon, promoting root growth.

[0018] Bacillus cereus can secrete antibacterial substances (such as lipopeptide antibiotics and proteases), competitively occupying the plant rhizosphere space and inhibiting pathogens.

[0019] Fluorescent Pseudomonas can induce plants to synthesize drought-resistant proteins, reduce water transpiration, produce siderophores to enhance nutrient absorption under adverse conditions, and control root diseases.

[0020] Candida cruzie can transform insoluble phosphorus (such as apatite) and potassium minerals (such as feldspar and mica) in the soil, increasing the content of available phosphorus and potassium for crop absorption. Saccharomyces cerevisiae can quickly utilize readily degradable carbon sources such as sugars, accelerating the initial decomposition of raw materials (such as herbs and manure), reducing odor, and shortening the composting cycle.

[0021] Lactobacillus plantarum can rapidly ferment soluble carbohydrates such as sugars, producing a large amount of lactic acid, which lowers the pH of the compost or organic fertilizer environment, inhibits the growth of putrefactive bacteria and pathogens, and promotes the efficient and harmless decomposition of organic materials.

[0022] Brown globulus can convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonium nitrogen under nitrogen-free conditions, increasing the nitrogen content of organic fertilizers for subsequent crop absorption.

[0023] Combining these microorganisms can enhance plant drought resistance and improve water use efficiency; activate soil nutrients and reduce fertilizer usage; accelerate the decomposition of herbaceous plants / organic materials in the field, improve soil aggregates, and retain water and moisture; inhibit soil-borne diseases, protect roots and strengthen seedlings, and reduce the probability of root rot and seedling death in dryland farming; regulate rhizosphere pH and alleviate mild salinity and soil compaction; optimize rhizosphere microbiota and enhance the overall stress resistance of crops, thereby improving corn yield, water use efficiency, nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, and soil quality.

[0024] Preferably, the method for preparing the organic fertilizer includes the following steps: After mixing corn stalks, sheep manure, cow manure, and compound microorganisms evenly, the moisture content is adjusted to 50-55%. After composting and fermentation, it is mixed evenly with humic acid to obtain the organic fertilizer.

[0025] Preferably, before laying the drip irrigation tape after setting the herbaceous plant cover layer, the method further includes spraying a microbial agent onto the herbaceous plant cover layer; The microbial agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-8 parts of Trichoderma reesei, 4-6 parts of Trichoderma viride, 4-6 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 2-3 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 2-6 parts of Klebsiella acidogenic bacteria, 30-40 parts of bentonite, and 6-10 parts of humic acid.

[0026] The combined use of Trichoderma reesei, Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Klebsiella acidogenic bacteria can promote the rapid decomposition of herbaceous plants, improve soil quality, and increase crop yield.

[0027] The porous structure of bentonite can retain water and heat, adsorb and fix microbial cells, buffer salt, and improve aeration, thus creating a stable physical protective environment for microorganisms and improving their survival rate and colonization ability. Humic acid can serve as a slow-release carbon source to provide nutrients, activate the enzyme activity of microorganisms, enhance their drought and salt tolerance, chelate harmful ions, regulate soil pH, and promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria. When used together, the two can protect the microbial living environment from a physical perspective and activate the activity of microorganisms from a nutritional and physiological perspective, synergistically ensuring that the compound microbial agent can stably exert its decomposition, growth-promoting, and disease-preventing effects in arid and slightly saline-alkali soils.

[0028] Preferably, the thickness of the mulch film is 0.008–0.015 mm; The method is applicable to spring maize or dryland supplemental irrigation maize production in semi-arid areas with an annual rainfall of 250–450 mm.

[0029] The present invention discloses the following technical effects: The cultivation method of the present invention can simultaneously reduce the amount of plastic film used, improve corn yield, water use efficiency, nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and soil quality, and is suitable for corn production in the semi-arid region of Northwest China. Detailed Implementation

[0030] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0031] It should be understood that the terminology used in this invention is merely for describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, with respect to numerical ranges in this invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, is also included in this invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0032] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0033] Various modifications and variations can be made to the specific embodiments described in this specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments derived from this specification will also be apparent to those skilled in the art. This specification and embodiments are merely exemplary.

[0034] The terms “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc., used in this article are all open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to.

[0035] It should be noted that any aspects not described in detail in this invention are conventional practices in the field and are not the focus of this invention.

[0036] In a first aspect, this invention provides a method for the coordinated water, heat, and fertilizer regulation of maize cultivation using mulch film and grass in semi-arid regions, comprising the following steps: (1) In semi-arid areas, the land is prepared and ridges are formed to create a micro-topography with alternating ridges and furrows; (2) Lay mulch on the ridge surface (the mulch-covered area serves as a rainwater collection and warming area), apply base fertilizer in the furrow and then set up a herbaceous plant cover layer (the herbaceous plant cover layer serves as an infiltration and fertilization area) to construct a mulch-herb synergistic cover structure; (3) Lay drip irrigation tape on the herbaceous plant cover layer (start drip irrigation according to the lower limit of soil moisture content during the corn growth period, and make full use of drip irrigation for staged topdressing). (4) Sow corn 6-8 cm away from the furrow boundary; (5) Apply nitrogen fertilizer during the seedling, jointing and tasseling stages of corn (using drip irrigation and fertigation). (6) Carry out routine field management, recycle residual film after corn harvest, and turn corn stalks back into the field to continuously improve soil aggregate structure and soil organic carbon level.

[0037] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the height of the ridge is 15-25cm, the width of the ridge surface is 40-60cm, and the width of the furrow is 40-60cm; Materials for herbaceous mulch include straw, pasture, green manure crops, natural herbaceous cuts, or mixtures thereof.

[0038] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the material of the herbaceous plant covering layer is selected from one or more of the following: corn stalks, alfalfa, oat grass, ryegrass, ice grass, crested wheatgrass, foxtail grass, natural weeds, and green manure. The thickness of the herbaceous mulch layer is 3–6 cm, and the coverage rate is 4500–7500 kg / hm². 2 ; The length of the herbaceous plant covering material is 3 to 8 cm.

[0039] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the base fertilizer includes organic fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer.

[0040] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the base fertilizer is applied at a depth of 5 to 15 cm below or to the side of the corn planting strip.

[0041] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, nitrogen fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer, topdressing during the corn seedling stage, topdressing during the corn jointing stage, and topdressing during the corn tasseling stage, with an application mass ratio of (15~25):(15~25):(25~30):(20~30). The application rate of nitrogen fertilizer, calculated as pure nitrogen, is 240 kg / hm². 2 .

[0042] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts corn stalks, 10-20 parts sheep manure, 20-30 parts cow manure, 5-8 parts humic acid, and 1-1.5 parts compound microorganisms.

[0043] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the composite microorganism comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4-6 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 2-4 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 1-3 parts of Bacillus mucilaginosus, 2-4 parts of Bacillus cereus, 1-3 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens, 2-3 parts of Candida croceae, 4-6 parts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 2-4 parts of Lactobacillus plantarum, and 2-4 parts of Azotobacter chrysogenum.

[0044] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the method for preparing organic fertilizer includes the following steps: After mixing corn stalks, sheep manure, cow manure, and compound microorganisms evenly, the moisture content is adjusted to 50-55%. After composting and fermentation, it is mixed evenly with humic acid to obtain the organic fertilizer.

[0045] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, before laying the drip irrigation tape after setting the herbaceous plant covering layer, a step of spraying microbial inoculant on the herbaceous plant covering layer is also included. Microbial inoculants include the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-8 parts Trichoderma reesei, 4-6 parts Trichoderma viride, 4-6 parts Bacillus subtilis, 2-3 parts Bacillus licheniformis, 2-6 parts Klebsiella acidogenic, 30-40 parts bentonite, and 6-10 parts humic acid.

[0046] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the mulch film is 0.008 to 0.015 mm, preferably 0.010 mm; The method of the present invention is applicable to spring maize or dryland supplemented irrigation maize production in semi-arid areas with an annual rainfall of 250-450 mm.

[0047] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the drip irrigation tape is placed in the middle of the herbaceous plant cover layer or close to the sowing strip, so that the irrigation water and fertilizer solution are concentrated and distributed in the root zone.

[0048] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, corn is sown using mechanical or manual sowing methods at a sowing depth of 3–6 cm.

[0049] In the specific embodiments of this invention, the following bacteria were used: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Candida krusei, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum, Azotobacter chrysogenum, Trichoderma reesei, Trichoderma viride, and Klebsiella acidogenic bacteria. All were purchased from the China Industrial Microbial Culture Collection Center. Specifically, the product numbers for Bacillus subtilis (CICC 10732), Bacillus licheniformis (CICC 10180), Bacillus mucilaginosus (CICC 21700), Bacillus cereus (CICC 21261), Pseudomonas fluorescens (CICC 20066), Candida krusei (CICC 1375), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CICC 32883), Lactobacillus plantarum (CICC 10481), Azotobacter chrysogenum (CICC 21685), and Trichoderma reesei (CICC 10481). 2626; Product number of Trichoderma viride: CICC 13038; Product number of Klebsiella acidogenetica: CICC 21518.

[0050] The preparation methods of Bacillus subtilis powder, Bacillus licheniformis powder, Bacillus mucilaginosus powder, Bacillus cereus powder, Pseudomonas fluorescens powder, Candida krusei powder, Saccharomyces cerevisiae powder, Lactobacillus plantarum powder, Azotobacter chrysogenum powder, Trichoderma reesei powder, Trichoderma viride powder, and Klebsiella acidogenic powder used in specific embodiments of the present invention are as follows: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Candida crus-galli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum, Azotobacter chrysogenum, Trichoderma reesei, Trichoderma viride, and Klebsiella acidogenic bacteria were activated and cultured using the China Industrial Microbial Culture Collection Center or commonly used culture media in this field, followed by fermentation culture. The bacterial cells were collected and dried to obtain Bacillus subtilis powder, Bacillus licheniformis powder, Bacillus mucilaginosus powder, Bacillus cereus powder, Pseudomonas fluorescens powder, Candida crus-galli powder, Saccharomyces cerevisiae powder, Lactobacillus plantarum powder, Azotobacter chrysogenum powder, Trichoderma reesei powder, Trichoderma viride powder, and Klebsiella acidogenic bacteria powder, with an effective viable count of 5.0 × 10⁻⁶ for each. 8 cfu / g.

[0051] Example 1 A cultivation method for maize in semi-arid regions using mulch film and grass in synergistic water, heat, and fertilizer regulation: (1) In semi-arid areas (annual rainfall 250-450 mm), the land is prepared and ridges are made to form a micro-topography with alternating ridges and furrows. The height of the ridge is 20 cm, the width of the ridge surface is 50 cm, and the width of the furrow is 50 cm.

[0052] (2) Lay a polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.010 mm on the ridge surface. After applying base fertilizer in the furrow (i.e., 10 cm below the corn planting strip), cover it with corn stalks and alfalfa crushed to a length of 5 cm (the volume ratio of corn stalks to alfalfa is 3:1) to form a herbaceous plant cover layer. The cover layer should be 4 cm thick and the cover amount should be 6000 kg / hm. 2 .

[0053] The base fertilizer consists of organic fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer; the application rate of organic fertilizer is 7500 kg / hm². 2 The nitrogen fertilizer is urea, and the application rate, calculated as pure nitrogen, is 48 kg / hm². 2 The phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate, calculated as P2O5, with an application rate of 75 kg / hm². 2 The potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride, calculated as K2O, and the application rate is 120 kg / hm². 2 ; Preparation method of organic fertilizer: Mix 35 parts corn stalks, 15 parts sheep manure (dry matter), 25 parts cow manure (dry matter), and 1.2 parts compound microorganisms evenly, adjust the moisture content to 50%, pile them into a fermentation pile with a length, width, and height of 5m, 2m, and 1m respectively, and let them ferment naturally for 30 days. Turn the pile every 10 days during the fermentation period. The natural temperature during the fermentation period is 20~30℃. After the fermentation is completed, mix it evenly with 8 parts humic acid to obtain organic fertilizer. The compound microorganism consists of the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts Bacillus subtilis powder, 3 parts Bacillus licheniformis powder, 2 parts Bacillus mucilaginosus powder, 3 parts Bacillus cereus powder, 2 parts Pseudomonas fluorescens powder, 3 parts Candida croceae powder, 5 parts Saccharomyces cerevisiae powder, 2 parts Lactobacillus plantarum powder, and 3 parts Azotobacter chrysogenum powder.

[0054] (3) Lay drip irrigation tape in the middle of the herbaceous plant cover layer.

[0055] (4) Sow corn manually at a distance of 6cm from the furrow boundary, with a sowing depth of 4cm, to form a corn sowing zone.

[0056] (5) Apply nitrogen fertilizer during the seedling, jointing and tasseling stages of maize (using drip irrigation and fertigation); the nitrogen fertilizer applied is urea, and the amount of pure nitrogen applied during the seedling stage is 48 kg / hm. 2 The nitrogen application rate during the jointing stage is 72 kg / hm². 2 The nitrogen application rate during the male elongation period is 72 kg / hm². 2 .

[0057] (6) When the field water holding capacity is less than 50%, start the drip irrigation belt for irrigation. The field water holding capacity during irrigation should not be higher than 80%. Implement drip irrigation based on the soil moisture content monitoring results. Carry out routine field management, collect residual film after corn harvest, and turn corn stalks back into the field.

[0058] When using the method of this embodiment, the mulch film on the ridge surface collects natural rainfall and directs it to the vicinity of the root zone. The herbaceous plants covering the furrows reduce evaporation and improve soil infiltration and aeration. The drip irrigation tape continuously replenishes water and nitrogen to the center of the herbaceous plant cover layer. As the maize growth process progresses, the soil hydrothermal environment in the root zone becomes more harmonious, the decomposition of herbaceous plants accelerates, the composition of soil aggregates and the level of organic carbon improve, and maize yield, water use efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency are improved.

[0059] Example 2 A cultivation method for maize in semi-arid regions using mulch film and grass in synergistic water, heat, and fertilizer regulation: (1) In semi-arid areas (annual rainfall 250-450 mm), the land is prepared and ridges are made to form a micro-topography with alternating ridges and furrows. The height of the ridge is 20 cm, the width of the ridge surface is 50 cm, and the width of the furrow is 50 cm.

[0060] (2) Lay a polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.010 mm on the ridge surface. After applying base fertilizer in the furrow (i.e., 12 cm below the corn planting strip), cover it with corn stalks and alfalfa crushed to a length of 8 cm (the volume ratio of corn stalks to alfalfa is 3:1). The thickness of the herbaceous plant mulch layer is 4 cm, and the mulch amount is 6000 kg / hm. 2 .

[0061] The base fertilizer consists of organic fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer; the application rate of organic fertilizer is 7500 kg / hm². 2 The nitrogen fertilizer is urea, and the application rate, calculated as pure nitrogen, is 60 kg / hm². 2 The phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate, calculated as P2O5, with an application rate of 75 kg / hm². 2 The potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride, calculated as K2O, and the application rate is 120 kg / hm². 2 ; Preparation method of organic fertilizer: Mix 30 parts corn stalks, 10 parts sheep manure (dry matter), 30 parts cow manure (dry matter), and 1 part compound microorganisms evenly, adjust the moisture content to 50%, pile them into a fermentation pile with a length, width, and height of 5m, 2m, and 1m respectively, and let them ferment naturally for 30 days. Turn the pile once every 10 days during the fermentation period. The natural temperature during the fermentation period is 20~30℃. After the fermentation is completed, mix it evenly with 8 parts humic acid to obtain organic fertilizer. The compound microorganism consists of the following components in parts by weight: 6 parts Bacillus subtilis powder, 2 parts Bacillus licheniformis powder, 1 part Bacillus mucilaginosus powder, 4 parts Bacillus cereus powder, 1 part Pseudomonas fluorescens powder, 3 parts Candida croceae powder, 6 parts Saccharomyces cerevisiae powder, 4 parts Lactobacillus plantarum powder, and 4 parts Azotobacter chrysogenum powder.

[0062] (3) Lay drip irrigation tape in the middle of the herbaceous plant cover layer.

[0063] (4) Sow corn manually at a distance of 6cm from the furrow boundary, with a sowing depth of 4cm, to form a corn sowing zone.

[0064] (5) Apply nitrogen fertilizer during the seedling, jointing and tasseling stages of maize (using drip irrigation and fertigation); the nitrogen fertilizer applied is urea, and the amount of pure nitrogen applied during the seedling stage is 60 kg / hm. 2 The nitrogen application rate during the jointing stage is 60 kg / hm². 2 The nitrogen application rate during the male-growing period is 60 kg / hm². 2 .

[0065] (6) When the field water holding capacity is less than 50%, start the drip irrigation belt for irrigation. The field water holding capacity during irrigation should not be higher than 80%. Implement drip irrigation based on the soil moisture content monitoring results. Carry out routine field management, collect residual film after corn harvest, and turn corn stalks back into the field.

[0066] Comparative Example 1 Conventional cultivation method using drip irrigation with plastic film mulch: (1) In semi-arid areas (annual rainfall 250-450 mm), the land is prepared and ridges are made to form a micro-topography with alternating ridges and furrows. The height of the ridge is 20 cm, the width of the ridge surface is 50 cm, and the width of the furrow is 50 cm.

[0067] After applying base fertilizer in the furrow (i.e., 10cm below the corn planting strip), lay a 0.010mm thick polyethylene film on the ridge surface and in the furrow.

[0068] The base fertilizer consists of organic fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer; the application rate of organic fertilizer is 7500 kg / hm². 2 The nitrogen fertilizer is urea, and the application rate, calculated as pure nitrogen, is 48 kg / hm². 2 The phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate, calculated as P2O5, with an application rate of 75 kg / hm². 2 The potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride, calculated as K2O, and the application rate is 120 kg / hm². 2 ; Preparation method of organic fertilizer: Mix 35 parts corn stalks, 15 parts sheep manure and 25 parts cow manure evenly, adjust the moisture content to 50%, pile them into a fermentation pile with a length, width and height of 5m, 2m and 1m respectively, and let them ferment naturally for 30 days. Turn the pile once every 10 days during the fermentation period. The natural temperature during the fermentation period is 20~30℃. After the fermentation is completed, mix it evenly with 8 parts humic acid to obtain organic fertilizer. (3) Lay drip irrigation tape in the furrows.

[0069] (4) Sow corn manually at a distance of 5cm from the furrow boundary, with a sowing depth of 4cm, to form a corn sowing zone.

[0070] (5) Apply nitrogen fertilizer during the seedling, jointing and tasseling stages of maize (using drip irrigation and fertigation); the nitrogen fertilizer applied is urea, and the amount of pure nitrogen applied during the seedling stage is 48 kg / hm. 2 The nitrogen application rate during the jointing stage is 72 kg / hm². 2 The nitrogen application rate during the male elongation period is 72 kg / hm². 2 .

[0071] (6) When the field water holding capacity is less than 50%, start the drip irrigation belt for irrigation. The field water holding capacity during irrigation should not be higher than 80%. Implement drip irrigation based on the soil moisture content monitoring results. Carry out routine field management, collect residual film after corn harvest, and turn corn stalks back into the field.

[0072] Table 1 Cultivation Effects Comparative Example 2 Same as Example 1, except that the composite microorganism in step (2) does not contain Bacillus subtilis powder, Bacillus jellyii powder and Bacillus cereus powder.

[0073] Comparative Example 3 Same as Example 1, except that in step (2), the fluorescent Pseudomonas powder is replaced with an equal mass of Trichoderma reesei powder, and the Candida crocea powder is replaced with an equal mass of Trichoderma viride powder.

[0074] Comparative Example 4 Same as Example 1, except that cow dung (on a dry matter basis) is replaced with an equal mass of chicken dung (on a dry matter basis).

[0075] Comparative Example 5 Same as Example 1, except that the corn stalks are replaced with an equal mass of rye grass.

[0076] Table 2 Cultivation Effects Example 3 A cultivation method for maize in semi-arid regions using mulch film and grass in synergistic water, heat, and fertilizer regulation: (1) In semi-arid areas (annual rainfall 250-450 mm), the land is prepared and ridges are made to form a micro-topography with alternating ridges and furrows. The height of the ridge is 20 cm, the width of the ridge surface is 50 cm, and the width of the furrow is 50 cm.

[0077] (2) Lay a polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.010 mm on the ridge surface. After applying base fertilizer in the furrow (i.e., 10 cm below the corn planting strip), cover it with corn stalks and alfalfa crushed to a length of 5 cm (the volume ratio of corn stalks to alfalfa is 3:1) to form a herbaceous plant cover layer. The cover layer should be 4 cm thick and the cover amount should be 6000 kg / hm. 2 And spray an aqueous solution of microbial agent on the surface of the herbaceous plant cover layer (the amount of microbial agent is 50g / mu, and the amount of water per mu is 50L).

[0078] The base fertilizer consists of organic fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer; the application rate of organic fertilizer is 7500 kg / hm². 2 The nitrogen fertilizer is urea, and the application rate, calculated as pure nitrogen, is 48 kg / hm². 2 The phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate, calculated as P2O5, with an application rate of 75 kg / hm². 2 The potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride, calculated as K2O, and the application rate is 120 kg / hm². 2 ; Preparation method of organic fertilizer: Mix 35 parts corn stalks, 15 parts sheep manure (dry matter), 25 parts cow manure (dry matter), and 1.2 parts compound microorganisms evenly, adjust the moisture content to 50%, pile them into a fermentation pile with a length, width, and height of 5m, 2m, and 1m respectively, and let them ferment naturally for 30 days. Turn the pile every 10 days during the fermentation period. The natural temperature during the fermentation period is 20~30℃. After the fermentation is completed, mix it evenly with 8 parts humic acid to obtain organic fertilizer. The compound microorganism consists of the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts Bacillus subtilis powder, 3 parts Bacillus licheniformis powder, 2 parts Bacillus mucilaginosus powder, 3 parts Bacillus cereus powder, 2 parts Pseudomonas fluorescens powder, 3 parts Candida croceae powder, 5 parts Saccharomyces cerevisiae powder, 2 parts Lactobacillus plantarum powder, and 3 parts Azotobacter chrysogenum powder.

[0079] Preparation method of microbial inoculant: 6 parts of Trichoderma reesei powder, 6 parts of Trichoderma viride powder, 4 parts of Bacillus subtilis powder, 2 parts of Bacillus licheniformis powder, 4 parts of Klebsiella acidogenic powder, 35 parts of bentonite and 8 parts of humic acid are mixed and ground for 1 hour to obtain microbial inoculant.

[0080] (3) Lay drip irrigation tape in the middle of the herbaceous plant cover layer.

[0081] (4) Sow corn manually at a distance of 5cm from the furrow boundary, with a sowing depth of 4cm, to form a corn sowing zone.

[0082] (5) Apply nitrogen fertilizer during the seedling, jointing and tasseling stages of maize (using drip irrigation and fertigation); the nitrogen fertilizer applied is urea, and the amount of pure nitrogen applied during the seedling stage is 48 kg / hm. 2 The nitrogen application rate during the jointing stage is 72 kg / hm². 2 The nitrogen application rate during the male elongation period is 72 kg / hm². 2 .

[0083] (6) When the field water holding capacity is less than 50%, start the drip irrigation belt for irrigation. The field water holding capacity during irrigation should not be higher than 80%. Implement drip irrigation based on the soil moisture content monitoring results. Carry out routine field management, collect residual film after corn harvest, and turn corn stalks back into the field.

[0084] Table 3 Cultivation Effects The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for the coordinated water, heat, and fertilizer regulation of maize cultivation using mulch film and grass in semi-arid regions, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: (1) In semi-arid areas, the land is prepared and ridges are formed to create a micro-topography with alternating ridges and furrows; (2) Lay mulch on the ridge surface and apply base fertilizer in the furrows and then set up a herbaceous plant cover layer; (3) Lay drip irrigation tape on the herbaceous plant cover layer; (4) Sow corn 6-8 cm away from the furrow boundary; (5) Apply nitrogen fertilizer during the seedling stage, jointing stage and tasseling stage of corn; (6) Carry out routine field management and return the corn stalks to the field after the corn harvest.

2. The method for coordinated water, heat, and fertilizer regulation of maize cultivation with mulch film and grass in semi-arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height of the ridge is 15-25cm, the width of the ridge surface is 40-60cm, and the width of the furrow is 40-60cm; And / or, the material of the herbaceous plant cover layer includes straw, pasture, green manure crops, natural herbaceous plant cuts or mixtures thereof; And / or, the thickness of the herbaceous plant covering layer is 3-6 cm; And / or, the length of the herbaceous plant covering material is 3 to 8 cm.

3. The method for synergistic water, heat, and fertilizer regulation of maize cultivation with mulch film and grass in semi-arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base fertilizer includes organic fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer.

4. The method for synergistic water, heat, and fertilizer regulation of maize cultivation with mulch film and grass in semi-arid areas according to claim 3, characterized in that, The base fertilizer is applied 5-15 cm below or to the side of the corn planting strip.

5. The method for synergistic water, heat, and fertilizer regulation of maize cultivation with mulch film and grass in semi-arid areas according to claim 3, characterized in that, The nitrogen fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer, top dressing during the corn seedling stage, top dressing during the corn jointing stage, and top dressing during the corn tasseling stage, with an application mass ratio of (15~25):(15~25):(25~30):(20~30). And / or, the application rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is 240 kg / hm² (based on pure nitrogen). 2 .

6. The method for synergistic water, heat, and fertilizer regulation of maize cultivation with mulch film and grass in semi-arid areas according to claim 3, characterized in that, The organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts corn stalks, 10-20 parts sheep manure, 20-30 parts cow manure, 5-8 parts humic acid, and 1-1.5 parts compound microorganisms.

7. The method for synergistic water, heat, and fertilizer regulation of maize cultivation with mulch film and grass in semi-arid areas according to claim 6, characterized in that, The composite microorganism comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4-6 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 2-4 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 1-3 parts of Bacillus mucilaginosus, 2-4 parts of Bacillus cereus, 1-3 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens, 2-3 parts of Candida crocephala, 4-6 parts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 2-4 parts of Lactobacillus plantarum, and 2-4 parts of Azotobacter chrysogenum.

8. The method for synergistic water, heat, and fertilizer regulation of maize cultivation with mulch film and grass in semi-arid areas according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method for preparing the organic fertilizer includes the following steps: After mixing corn stalks, sheep manure, cow manure, and compound microorganisms evenly, the moisture content is adjusted to 50-55%. After composting and fermentation, it is mixed evenly with humic acid to obtain the organic fertilizer.

9. The method for synergistic water, heat, and fertilizer regulation of maize cultivation with mulch film and grass in semi-arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process includes spraying microbial agents onto the herbaceous plant cover layer before laying the drip irrigation tape. And / or, the microbial agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-8 parts of Trichoderma reesei, 4-6 parts of Trichoderma viride, 4-6 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 2-3 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 2-6 parts of Klebsiella acidogenic bacteria, 30-40 parts of bentonite, and 6-10 parts of humic acid.

10. The method for synergistic water, heat, and fertilizer regulation of maize cultivation with mulch film and grass in semi-arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the mulch film is 0.008–0.015 mm; And / or, the method is applicable to spring maize or dryland supplemental irrigation maize production in semi-arid areas with an annual rainfall of 250–450 mm.

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