A low-lying land corn stalk mulch and field return strip plowing integrated deep loosening planting method

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of integrated strip tillage and deep loosening planting technology, specifically involving an integrated planting method for corn in low-lying areas using strip tillage and deep loosening combined with straw mulching. The method includes the following steps: S1, autumn straw return treatment; S2, autumn strip tillage and deep loosening integrated operation; and S3, spring no-till direct sowing: the following spring, soil disturbance operations such as rotary tillage, harrowing, ridging, and inter-row cultivation are no longer carried out. Precision no-till corn sowing is directly implemented on the loose seedbed pre-treated in autumn, completing large-scale corn planting in low-lying areas. This invention can match differentiated operation parameters according to the waterlogging level, soil texture, and planting row spacing of the plot, making it suitable for similar cold, low-lying corn-producing areas in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, eastern Inner Mongolia, and northern Hebei. The technology is highly standardized and versatile, with stable implementation results, and has application value for large-scale replication and promotion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of integrated strip tillage and deep loosening planting technology, specifically relating to an integrated planting method combining strip tillage and deep loosening with corn stalk mulching and returning to the field in low-lying areas. Background Technology

[0002] The cool, semi-humid black soil region of Northeast my country is a core national commodity grain production base, with maize as the dominant grain crop. The region's grain production capacity plays a crucial supporting role in national food security. However, large areas of low-lying, heavy clay soil exist in the central and northern parts of the three northeastern provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning. These areas generally suffer from inherent weaknesses such as low elevation, compacted and heavy soil, poor aeration, low spring and autumn ground temperatures, waterlogging, slow moisture dissipation, high humidity during spring sowing, and delayed sowing. Long-term adverse soil and water conditions have led to continuous degradation of soil fertility, frequent soil erosion, poor maize emergence quality, unstable growth, and low yields, severely restricting the sustainable utilization of the region's black soil and the steady improvement of grain production capacity. At present, technologies such as conservation tillage, straw return to the field, strip tillage, and deep loosening have been widely promoted in the black soil region of Northeast China. They can achieve basic effects such as water and soil conservation, soil organic matter enhancement, straw burning pollution reduction, and soil fertility improvement. However, these technologies are all suitable for conventional flat plots and hilly farming scenarios, but cannot be adapted to the special water and soil conditions of low-lying and cold plots, and have significant application limitations.

[0003] Traditional straw-covered no-till farming methods, when applied to low-lying areas, exacerbate soil dampness and coldness, resulting in slow soil temperature rise in spring, muddy seedbeds, and uneven corn emergence, weak seedlings, and poor yield stability. Conventional strip tillage only disturbs the shallow seedbed and cannot break up the hard plow pan, failing to address the core issues of waterlogging, root penetration difficulties, and premature aging due to waterlogging in low-lying areas. Spring deep tillage alone causes significant soil disturbance and moisture loss, damaging the soil-conserving and carbon-fixing structure of straw mulch, and cannot simultaneously meet the dual needs of black soil conservation and warming and drainage in low-lying areas. Meanwhile, existing publicly available technical regulations, standards, and patented solutions are mostly designed for conventional dry land. The industry lacks a standardized tillage technology system specifically adapted to the cold, semi-humid, low-lying, waterlogged land in Northeast China, which matches straw mulching and returning to the field, and adopts an integrated autumn strip tillage and deep loosening approach. Existing technologies are fragmented, lack specificity, and are difficult to implement, making it difficult to promote conservation tillage in low-lying areas and resulting in unstable yield increases. Therefore, the industry currently lacks an integrated planting technology that can simultaneously solve the complex problems of low temperature, waterlogging, water accumulation, heavy clay soil, poor seedling emergence, and waterlogging in low-lying areas, leaving a significant technological gap. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated planting method combining corn stalk mulching and returning to the field, strip tillage, and deep loosening in low-lying areas, thereby solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for integrating corn stalk mulching and returning to the field with strip tillage and deep loosening in low-lying areas includes the following steps:

[0007] S1. Autumn straw return to the field treatment: When more than 90% of the corn kernels are yellow, plump and hard, mechanical harvesting is carried out. The straw return machine is used to crush the straw in the field and spread it evenly in the field to achieve straw mulching and return to the field.

[0008] S2. Autumn strip tillage and deep loosening integrated operation: After the corn harvest and before the soil freezes, a special integrated operation machine is used to prepare the seedling strip for the corn to be planted the following year. The shallow strip tillage operation and the deep loosening operation below the seedling strip are completed simultaneously in one entry into the field. The straw covering layer between the rows is preserved throughout the process without disturbing the soil and straw structure between the rows.

[0009] S3. Spring no-till direct sowing: In the following spring, soil disturbance operations such as rotary tillage, harrowing, ridging and inter-row cultivation are no longer carried out. Instead, no-till precision sowing of corn is carried out directly on the loose seedbed that has been pre-treated in the autumn, thus completing the large-scale planting of corn in low-lying areas.

[0010] In step S1, the length of the crushed straw is less than 10cm.

[0011] Preferably, in step S2, the shallow strip tillage depth of the seedling strip in conventional low-lying plots is controlled at 8-12cm, and the deep loosening depth of the seedling strip is controlled at 28-35cm.

[0012] Preferably, in step S2, the integrated operating machinery adopts a structural layout with the strip tillage mechanism in front and the deep loosening shovel following closely behind, simultaneously completing the shallow loosening of the seedling strip and the bottom obstacle breaking operation, without repeated field compaction operations.

[0013] Preferably, in step S2, differentiated operation parameters are set according to the degree of waterlogging of the plot. For plots with mild depression and weak clay soil, the strip tillage depth is set to 6-8cm and the deep loosening depth is set to 25-28cm; for plots with severe waterlogging and hard plow pan, the strip tillage depth is set to 12-14cm and the deep loosening depth is set to 35-38cm.

[0014] Preferably, in step S2, the width of the seedling strip tillage operation is matched with the conventional corn planting row spacing of 60cm, 65cm and 70cm to adapt to different machine specifications and planting modes.

[0015] Preferably, step S2 strictly follows the autumn soil moisture conditions to determine the operation window period. In areas with dry and relatively dry soil in autumn, the operation time is during the suitable soil moisture period 3-7 days after corn harvest.

[0016] Preferably, in areas with abundant autumn rainfall and moist soil, the operation time should be postponed until the surface moisture drops and the machinery can enter the field normally.

[0017] Preferably, in step S2, soil-improving microbial agents and humic acid-improving materials are applied simultaneously to low-lying plots with poor soil fertility during the integrated operation, while conventional low-lying plots adopt a purely mechanical integrated operation mode.

[0018] Preferably, the planting method is suitable for cool, semi-humid, low-lying black soil areas, and also suitable for similar cool, low-lying, heavy clay corn producing areas.

[0019] Preferred methods involve only one soil improvement operation in autumn, eliminating the technical drawbacks of deep loosening in spring that leads to moisture loss, root damage during the seedling stage, and temperature drop caused by disturbing the straw mulch layer. Soil structure improvement is achieved by relying on the freeze-thaw and air-drying process of the soil in autumn and winter.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0021] 1) This invention is designed for the unique planting environment of the cold and low-lying black soil region in Northeast China. It adopts an integrated operation mode of shallow strip tillage and deep loosening in autumn. The shallow strip tillage breaks up the compacted seedbed, clears the stubble and loosens the sowing soil layer. After the autumn and winter freeze-thaw drying and maturation, it can significantly increase the soil temperature in the early spring seedling zone and accelerate soil moisture dissipation. It completely solves the problems of muddy fields, rotten seeds and sprouts and uneven emergence in spring sowing in low-lying areas. The deep loosening in the seedling zone breaks up the plow pan and builds vertically connected water and air channels, effectively draining the waterlogged fields and alleviating soil waterlogging. It solves the problems of root obstruction and premature aging due to lack of oxygen. In addition, all soil improvement operations of this invention are completed in the autumn window period, which completely avoids the technical drawbacks of disturbing the soil in spring, causing moisture loss, damaging roots during the seedling stage, and lowering the temperature by disturbing straw. It relies on natural freeze-thaw to continuously improve the structure of heavy clay soil, significantly optimize the growth environment of corn seedlings in low-lying areas, ensure uniform and strong seedlings, and greatly improve the yield stability and stress resistance of corn planting.

[0022] 2) This invention adopts a process mode of completing two-stage operations in a single machine entry, which simplifies the field tillage process, reduces soil compaction caused by multiple mechanical compaction, and lowers operating energy consumption and planting costs. It is suitable for the needs of large-scale and mechanized production in low-lying areas of Northeast China. Moreover, this invention retains the straw mulch structure between rows throughout the process, which continuously exerts the effects of soil stabilization, water conservation, carbon sequestration, and fertilization, and gradually increases the soil organic matter content. It achieves the coordinated promotion of black soil resource conservation and restoration and grain yield and quality improvement, and significantly improves the ecological sustainability of farmland. In addition, this invention can match differentiated operating parameters according to the waterlogging level, soil texture, and planting row spacing of the plot, and is suitable for similar cold and low-lying corn producing areas in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, eastern Inner Mongolia, and northern Hebei. The technology is highly standardized and versatile, with stable implementation results, and has application value for large-scale replication and promotion. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other.

[0026] The following detailed description is exemplary and intended to provide further detailed explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terminology used in this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention.

[0027] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0028] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more. It should be noted in the description of this invention that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0029] Example

[0030] like Figure 1As shown, a method for integrating corn stalk mulching, strip tillage, and deep loosening in low-lying areas includes the following steps:

[0031] S1. Autumn straw return to the field treatment: When more than 90% of the corn kernels are yellow, plump and hard, mechanical harvesting is carried out. The straw return machine is used to crush the straw in the field and spread it evenly in the field to achieve straw mulching and return to the field.

[0032] S2. Autumn strip tillage and deep loosening integrated operation: After the corn harvest and before the soil freezes, a special integrated operation machine is used to prepare the seedling strip for the corn to be planted the following year. The shallow strip tillage operation and the deep loosening operation below the seedling strip are completed simultaneously in one entry into the field. The straw covering layer between the rows is preserved throughout the process without disturbing the soil and straw structure between the rows.

[0033] S3. Spring no-till direct sowing: In the following spring, soil disturbance operations such as rotary tillage, harrowing, ridging and inter-row cultivation are no longer carried out. Instead, no-till precision sowing of corn is carried out directly on the loose seedbed that has been pre-treated in the autumn, thus completing the large-scale planting of corn in low-lying areas.

[0034] Specifically, after the corn is fully ripe in autumn, the straw is crushed and returned to the field, which can form a continuous protective layer on the ground surface, lock in soil organic matter, avoid the problems of wind and water erosion of exposed soil, and at the same time provide a material basis for soil microbial decomposition.

[0035] Before the soil freezes, a combined shallow strip tillage and deep loosening operation is carried out, with the soil undergoing double-layer improvement concentrated in the autumn. Utilizing the natural conditions of low-temperature freeze-thaw cycles and air-drying during autumn and winter, the heavy and compacted soil is continuously matured, and drainage and aeration channels are cleared in advance. The following spring, the traditional tillage method is completely abandoned. Instead, standardized seedling strips prefabricated in autumn, which are loose, dry, and have sufficient soil temperature, are used for direct no-till sowing. This approach thoroughly solves the core problems of low temperature, waterlogging, mud, and poor seedling emergence in low-lying areas during spring sowing, both in terms of timing and space. It establishes an integrated tillage mechanism that combines straw for soil conservation, autumn soil improvement, and stable spring sowing yields, meeting the needs of large-scale, stable corn production in low-lying areas.

[0036] In this embodiment: the length of the straw after crushing in step S1 is less than 10cm.

[0037] Specifically, based on the requirements of adapting to the soil and water environment of low-lying areas and mechanized operations, the length of straw shredding is controlled within 10cm, preferably within the range of 2 to 8cm. This ensures that the straw is evenly spread on the field surface, avoiding the accumulation of excessively long straw that can lift up the soil, block soil temperature conduction and water infiltration. At the same time, it avoids the problems of rapid decomposition and insufficient moisture retention in winter caused by excessively short straw. The uniform and appropriate straw cover layer can stabilize the surface microenvironment, buffer the soil freeze-thaw temperature difference in winter, slow down soil moisture evaporation in spring, and continuously nourish soil fertility. At the same time, the straw length specification can be fully adapted to the operation of integrated strip tillage and deep loosening machinery, avoiding long straw from tangling machine parts and blocking the operation channel, ensuring smooth and efficient integrated operations in autumn, taking into account straw returning to the field for fertilization, water and soil conservation, and the stability of mechanized operations, and adapting to the requirements of conservation tillage operations in low-lying areas.

[0038] In this embodiment: in step S2, the shallow strip tillage depth of the seedling strip in conventional low-lying plots is controlled at 8-12cm, and the deep loosening depth of the seedling strip is controlled at 28-35cm.

[0039] Specifically, in the double-layer operation in conventional low-lying areas, based on the structure of the black soil tillage layer and the mechanism of improving the obstacle factors in low-lying areas, the shallow strip tillage depth of 8 to 12 cm precisely corresponds to the corn sowing tillage layer. This can completely break up the compaction of the sowing layer and remove stubble and debris, loosen the soil structure of the seedling zone, and increase soil porosity. After natural maturation in autumn and winter, it can significantly improve the warming rate and moisture dissipation efficiency of the seedling zone in spring, and build a high-quality sowing bed. Meanwhile, the deep loosening depth of 28 to 35 cm can precisely break through the hard plow pan formed by years of cultivation in the Northeast black soil region, break down the vertical soil barrier, and build a breathable and drainage channel connecting the sowing layer and the subsoil layer. At the same time, the double-layer depth parameters are precisely matched with the soil obstacle characteristics of conventional low-lying areas. The shallow layer solves the problem of temperature and humidity imbalance in the sowing layer, while the deep layer solves the problems of waterlogging and difficulty in root penetration, achieving the technical effects of upper and lower stratification and precise soil improvement.

[0040] In this embodiment: In step S2, the integrated operation implement adopts a structural layout with the strip tillage mechanism in front and the deep loosening shovel following closely behind, simultaneously completing the shallow loosening of the seedling strip and the bottom obstacle breaking operation, without repeated field compaction operation.

[0041] Specifically, during a single machine movement, the surface tillage and loosening operations can be completed first, breaking up surface compaction and soil resistance, providing a working foundation for the vertical insertion of the deep tillage shovel, reducing deep tillage resistance and machine energy consumption. Moreover, the simultaneous operation of the front and rear components can achieve double-layer improvement and one-time molding of the same seedling strip without the need for repeated machine entry into the field, completely avoiding the problem of secondary soil compaction caused by multiple mechanical rolling. At the same time, the operation process only precisely disturbs the preset seedling strip, preserving the complete structure of straw cover between rows throughout the process, which not only ensures the soil improvement effect of the seedling strip, but also maintains the ecological functions of soil stabilization, water retention, heat preservation and erosion prevention between rows, achieving a synergistic and unified effect of soil improvement, moisture retention, soil protection and energy reduction.

[0042] In this embodiment: Step S2 sets differentiated operation parameters according to the degree of waterlogging of the plot. For plots with mild depression and heavy clay soil, the strip tillage depth is set to 6-8cm and the deep loosening depth is set to 25-28cm; for plots with severe waterlogging and hard plow pan, the strip tillage depth is set to 12-14cm and the deep loosening depth is set to 35-38cm.

[0043] Specifically, for low-lying plots with different levels of waterlogging, mildly waterlogged plots have weaker soil density, lower plow pan hardness, and minor water retention issues. Using shallow strip tillage of 6 to 8 cm and shallow-deep loosening parameters of 25 to 28 cm can moderately loosen the topsoil and slightly break down subsurface obstacles, avoiding soil structure damage and moisture loss caused by excessive soil disturbance. On the other hand, severely waterlogged plots have heavy and compact soil, a thick and hard plow pan, and severe water retention. Deeper strip tillage of 12 to 14 cm is used to enhance the loosening effect of the seedbed, combined with ultra-deep loosening of 35 to 38 cm to thoroughly open up deep drainage and aeration channels, and powerfully break down soil obstacles. Differentiated parameters can accurately match the soil defects of different plots, avoiding insufficient improvement or redundant operations caused by uniform parameters, and ensuring that all types of low-lying plots can achieve the best soil improvement and waterlogging reduction effects.

[0044] In this embodiment: in step S2, the width of the seedling strip tillage operation is matched with the conventional corn planting row spacing of 60cm, 65cm and 70cm to adapt to different machine specifications and planting modes.

[0045] Specifically, based on the principle of adapting to mechanized planting, the adjustable strip tillage width design is adapted to mainstream maize planting patterns. In Northeast China, large-scale maize planting generally adopts standardized row spacing of 60cm, 65cm, and 70cm. Different row spacings correspond to different seedling strip coverage areas and soil light-receiving and aeration areas. By matching the corresponding row spacing to adjust the strip tillage operation width, it can ensure that the strip tillage area completely covers the seedling strip to be planted the following year, ensuring that the soil in the planting area is sufficiently loose and that moisture is dissipated and the temperature is increased. At the same time, it strictly controls the soil and straw between non-planting rows from being disturbed. The adaptation mode can adapt to different types of tillage implements and regional planting habits, ensuring that the core effects of precise improvement of seedling strips and effective protection between rows can be achieved under different row spacing planting patterns. This improves the adaptability and large-scale implementation capability of the technology system and adapts to standardized mechanized planting production in the region.

[0046] In this embodiment: Step S2 strictly follows the autumn soil moisture conditions to determine the operation window period. In areas with dry and relatively dry soil in autumn, the operation time is 3-7 days after the corn harvest when the soil moisture is suitable.

[0047] In areas with abundant autumn rainfall and moist soil, the operation time should be postponed until the surface moisture drops and machinery can enter the field normally.

[0048] Specifically, in areas where the soil is relatively dry in autumn, the soil moisture is stable and moderate for 3 to 7 days after corn harvest. At this time, integrated operations can achieve good soil loosening and shaping effects and eliminate the risk of dust and moisture loss. At the same time, it can ensure that the straw is closely attached to the soil and improve the quality of soil maturation in autumn and winter.

[0049] In rainy and humid areas during autumn, the surface soil moisture content is too high. Working too early can easily cause machinery to get stuck, soil to become sticky and compacted, and seedling strips to be poorly formed. Delaying the work allows the excess surface moisture to dissipate naturally, and the soil improvement work can be completed under suitable soil moisture conditions. The time-sharing and adaptive work mode can avoid the negative impact of extreme moisture conditions on the work quality and ensure that the integrated soil improvement work can achieve the best construction results under different autumn climatic conditions.

[0050] In this embodiment: In step S2, soil-improving microbial agents and humic acid-improving materials are applied simultaneously to low-lying plots with poor soil fertility during the integrated operation process, while conventional low-lying plots adopt a pure mechanical integrated operation mode.

[0051] Specifically, due to the long-term impact of waterlogging on low-lying and barren plots, the soil has low organic matter content, poor microbial activity, and lack of soil aggregate structure. Simple mechanical soil improvement can only optimize the physical structure of the soil and cannot repair the soil fertility defects. Applying soil-improving microbial agents and humic acid materials can activate soil microorganisms, increase soil organic matter, and optimize soil physicochemical properties on the basis of mechanical loosening of the soil, so as to achieve synergistic effects of physical soil improvement and biological fertilization. In addition, the soil in conventional fertility plots has sufficient basic fertility, and the needs of corn growth can be met by mechanical double-layer improvement. Pure mechanical operation can simplify the process and reduce production costs. The adoption of a graded improvement model can accurately match the soil fertility conditions of the plots and achieve precise and efficient soil improvement and fertilization.

[0052] In this embodiment, the planting method is suitable for cool, semi-humid, low-lying black soil areas, and also suitable for similar cool, low-lying, heavy clay corn producing areas.

[0053] Specifically, the cool, semi-humid, low-lying black soil regions of Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning share similar climate and soil characteristics with the main corn-producing areas of eastern Inner Mongolia and northern Hebei. They all face common planting challenges such as cold temperatures, heavy clay soil, low-lying terrain prone to waterlogging, slow soil moisture dissipation during spring sowing, and slow soil temperature rise. A planting system that combines autumn seedling strip double-layer soil improvement, full straw coverage for moisture conservation, and spring sowing no-till is adopted. Designed to address these common obstacles, the system is not limited by administrative regions. Each region only needs to make minor adjustments to its own planting parameters to implement the system. It can simultaneously solve the planting pain points of various cool, low-lying, heavy clay soil areas. The technical principles are highly universal and adaptable to a wide range of scenarios, providing a theoretical and practical basis for large-scale cross-regional promotion.

[0054] In this embodiment, only one soil improvement operation is carried out in autumn to avoid the technical drawbacks of deep loosening in spring that leads to moisture loss, disturbing the soil and damaging the roots during the seedling stage, and disturbing the straw covering layer to lower the temperature. Soil structure improvement is completed by relying on the freeze-thaw and air-drying process of the soil in autumn and winter.

[0055] Specifically, due to unstable soil moisture and high surface evaporation in spring, soil disturbance operations can lead to significant water loss from the soil. Soil disturbance during the seedling stage can easily damage the primary root system of corn and inhibit seedling growth. At the same time, disturbing the straw cover layer can exacerbate the loss of soil temperature in spring. However, this invention moves all soil improvement operations to autumn. Before the soil freezes, the soil layer is stable and the loss of soil moisture is minimal. Relying on the natural external forces of repeated freeze-thaw cycles and air drying in autumn and winter, it can continuously refine loose and heavy clay soil and stabilize the seedling structure, effectively improving the soil's aeration and drainage performance in the long term. There are no soil disturbance operations in spring or during the seedling stage, thus avoiding the drawbacks of moisture loss, seedling damage, and temperature drop from the root, achieving a dual guarantee of long-term soil structure improvement and safe seedling growth.

[0056] As is known from common technical knowledge, this invention can be implemented through other embodiments that do not depart from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the disclosed embodiments described above are merely illustrative in all respects and are not the only ones. All modifications within the scope of this invention or equivalent to the scope of this invention are included in this invention.

Claims

1. A method for integrating corn stalk mulching and returning to the field with strip tillage and deep loosening in low-lying areas, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Autumn straw return to the field treatment: When more than 90% of the corn kernels are yellow, plump and hard, mechanical harvesting is carried out. The straw return machine is used to crush the straw in the field and spread it evenly in the field to achieve straw mulching and return to the field. S2. Autumn strip tillage and deep loosening integrated operation: After the corn harvest and before the soil freezes, a special integrated operation machine is used to prepare the seedling strip for the corn to be planted the following year. The shallow strip tillage operation and the deep loosening operation below the seedling strip are completed simultaneously in one entry into the field. The straw covering layer between the rows is preserved throughout the process without disturbing the soil and straw structure between the rows. S3. Spring no-till direct sowing: In the following spring, soil disturbance operations such as rotary tillage, harrowing, ridging and inter-row cultivation are no longer carried out. Instead, no-till precision sowing of corn is carried out directly on the loose seedbed that has been pre-treated in the autumn, thus completing the large-scale planting of corn in low-lying areas.

2. The integrated planting method of corn straw mulching and returning to the field, strip tillage, and deep loosening in low-lying areas according to claim 1, is characterized in that: In step S1, the length of the crushed straw is less than 10cm.

3. The integrated planting method of corn straw mulching and returning to the field, strip tillage, and deep loosening in low-lying areas according to claim 1, is characterized in that: In step S2, the shallow strip tillage depth of the seedling strip in conventional low-lying plots is controlled at 8-12cm, and the deep loosening depth of the seedling strip is controlled at 28-35cm.

4. The integrated planting method of corn straw mulching and returning to the field, strip tillage, and deep loosening in low-lying areas according to claim 1, is characterized in that: In step S2, the integrated operation implement adopts a structural layout with the strip tillage mechanism in front and the deep loosening shovel following closely behind, simultaneously completing the shallow loosening of the seedling strip and the bottom obstacle breaking operation, without repeated field compaction operations.

5. The integrated planting method of corn straw mulching and returning to the field, strip tillage, and deep loosening in low-lying areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S2 sets differentiated operation parameters based on the degree of waterlogging in the plot. For plots with mild depression and heavy, weak soil, the strip tillage depth is set to 6-8cm and the deep loosening depth is set to 25-28cm. For plots with severe waterlogging and hard plow pan, the strip tillage depth is set to 12-14cm and the deep loosening depth is set to 35-38cm.

6. The integrated planting method of corn straw mulching and returning to the field, strip tillage, and deep loosening in low-lying areas according to claim 1, is characterized in that: In step S2, the width of the strip tillage operation is matched with the conventional corn planting row spacing of 60cm, 65cm and 70cm to adapt to different machine specifications and planting modes.

7. The integrated planting method of corn straw mulching and returning to the field, strip tillage, and deep loosening in low-lying areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operation window period for step S2 is strictly determined according to the autumn soil moisture conditions. In areas with dry soil in autumn, the operation time is 3-7 days after the corn harvest when the soil moisture is suitable. In areas with abundant autumn rainfall and moist soil, the operation time should be postponed until the surface moisture drops and machinery can enter the field normally.

8. The integrated planting method of corn straw mulching and returning to the field, strip tillage, and deep loosening in low-lying areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, soil-improving microbial agents and humic acid-improving materials are applied simultaneously to low-lying plots with poor soil fertility during the integrated operation. Conventional low-lying plots adopt a purely mechanical integrated operation mode.

9. The integrated planting method of corn straw mulching and returning to the field, strip tillage, and deep loosening in low-lying areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting method described is suitable for cool, semi-humid, low-lying black soil areas, and is also suitable for similar cool, low-lying, heavy clay corn producing areas.

10. The integrated planting method of corn straw mulching and returning to the field, strip tillage, and deep loosening in low-lying areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The entire process involves only one soil improvement operation in the autumn, eliminating the need for deep loosening in the spring to prevent moisture loss, root damage during the seedling stage, and disturbance of straw.

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