A millet drought-resistant cultivation method based on microbiome and plant physiological regulation and application

Abstract

This invention discloses a method and application for drought-resistant millet cultivation based on microbiome and plant physiological regulation, comprising the following steps: before sowing, millet seeds are coated with a coating agent containing biocontrol bacteria and bio-inducing agents; at sowing, a soil conditioner containing compound microbial agents and water-retaining agents is applied, along with base fertilizer, which includes organic fertilizer and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer; during the growth period, a compound inducing agent containing biostimulants is sprayed to induce a stress-resistant physiological response in the plants. This invention, through the synergistic effect of optimized drought-resistant germplasm combined with soil microecological regulation and above-ground physiological induction, achieves significant yield increases in sandy soil areas, exceeding 25% compared to conventional fertilization, and significantly improves the protein and fat content of the grains.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the fields of agricultural microbial technology and dryland crop cultivation technology, specifically relating to a drought-resistant millet cultivation method and its application based on microbiome and plant physiological regulation. Background Technology

[0002] The statements herein provide only background information in relation to this invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] Millet is one of the important minor grain crops in the Loess Plateau arid region. This region suffers from a fragile ecological environment and low soil quality. Long-term use of chemical fertilizers and extensive agricultural practices have exacerbated soil degradation, resulting in insufficient sustainable agricultural development. Water scarcity and low soil nutrient levels are the main factors affecting yield per unit area.

[0004] Under natural conditions, soils in arid regions are typically alkaline. However, prolonged drought, with evaporation far exceeding precipitation, can easily lead to simultaneous salinization and alkalization of these already alkaline soils, transforming them into saline-alkali soils, if not properly managed. This introduces new and unfavorable conditions for crop cultivation in arid regions.

[0005] Coordinated water and nitrogen management is key to improving the drought resistance and resource utilization efficiency of dryland millet. Existing research indicates that under drip irrigation with mulch in the Horqin Sandy Land, a nitrogen application rate of 180 kg / hm² is effective. 2 Combined with irrigation of 200 m 3 / hm 2 This can increase the water use efficiency of millet to 1.8 kg / m³. 3 However, excessive nitrogen application (>240 kg / hm) 2 High irrigation (>200 m) can lead to a 12% increase in lodging rate and a 6.3% decrease in thousand-grain weight, while high irrigation (>200 m) can increase lodging rate. 3 / hm 2 This also exacerbates nitrogen leaching (Dong Kongjun et al., Effects of different plastic film mulching methods on millet growth and development in dryland areas of Northwest China). It is worth noting that current research mainly focuses on conventional millet varieties, and the water and fertilizer regulation mechanisms for early-maturing varieties with shorter growth periods (89-110 days) are still unclear. In particular, under dryland farming models, there are two major contradictions: firstly, the difficulty in coordinating yield and quality control (when nitrogen application is increased to 180 kg / hm²). 2 At the same time, protein content increased by 3.3% but starch quality decreased by 8%. Secondly, the water and nitrogen threshold effect was significant (nitrogen application of 180-210 kg / hm in sandy loam areas). 2 Irrigation 180-220 m 3 / hm 2 For the optimal interval, R 2 =0.83), exceeding the threshold will lead to diminishing marginal returns.

[0006] It is evident that, as an important specialty grain crop in dryland areas, the yield and quality of millet are still severely constrained by water scarcity and soil infertility. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method and application for drought-resistant millet cultivation based on microbiome and plant physiological regulation, thereby achieving green, drought-resistant, high-yield, and high-quality millet cultivation.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for drought-resistant cultivation of millet based on microbiome and plant physiological regulation, comprising the following steps: Before sowing, the millet seeds are coated with a coating agent containing biocontrol bacteria and biological inhibitors; When preparing the land or sowing seeds, apply a soil conditioner containing compound microbial agents and water-retaining agents, and apply base fertilizer, which includes organic fertilizer and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. During the growth period, a compound inducer containing biostimulants is sprayed to induce the plant's physiological response to stress.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present invention, before sowing, the millet seeds are subjected to a compound biological coating treatment, wherein the coating agent comprises: Bacillus vesiculosus, a biocontrol bacterium ( Bacillus velezensis Fermentation broth, effective viable count ≥1×10⁻⁶ 9 CFU / mL Chitosan oligosaccharides (molecular weight ≤3000 Da), used as biological inducers, are present at concentrations of 0.5%-1.0%. And propylene glycol alginate (PGA) or alginic acid, at a concentration of 0.2%-0.5%.

[0010] Propylene glycol alginate, a product of deep processing of alginic acid extracted from seaweed, appears as a white or pale yellow powder. Its aqueous solution forms a viscous colloid, making it a high-performance marine food additive. Unlike alginic acid, it does not gel in acidic solutions, nor does it cause a decrease in viscosity and reduce its effectiveness like carboxymethyl cellulose. In the food industry, propylene glycol alginate is used as a thickener, emulsifier, and stabilizer. In this invention, comparative experiments revealed that both propylene glycol alginate and alginic acid can significantly improve the germination rate and seedling emergence rate of seeds under saline-alkali conditions, with the former showing superior results compared to alginic acid. This difference may be due to the interaction of alginic acid with calcium (CaO). 2+It is easy to form gel precipitation, thus affecting its coating and sustained-release effect; while propylene glycol alginate, due to its esterification structure, has better solubility and more stable function in saline-alkali environments. This provides a better guarantee for improving the germination rate and seedling emergence rate of seeds in saline-alkali environments, and also provides a new idea for the development of crop seed coating agents.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, a compound microbial agent is applied during land preparation or sowing, the compound microbial agent comprising at least two of the following functional strains: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ( Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ≥2×10 8 CFU / g, Bacillus mucilaginosus ( Mucilaginous Bacillus ≥1×10 8 CFU / g, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ( Rhizophagus irregularis Spore density ≥ 50 spores / g.

[0012] Preferably, base fertilizer is applied simultaneously during land preparation or sowing. The base fertilizer includes: 100±10 kg / mu of organic fertilizer, 15±2 kg / mu of diammonium phosphate, and 2.5±0.2 kg / mu of water-retaining agent. The organic fertilizer contains ≥45% organic matter and has an N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 5:5:5; the diammonium phosphate contains ≥16% N and ≥46% P2O5. The water-retaining agent is selected from sodium polyvinyl acetate or polyacrylamide-type water-retaining agents.

[0013] This formula has been tested and verified in the windy and sandy soil area of ​​Naiman Banner for two years. Compared with conventional fertilization, it increases yield by 25.33% and increases soil organic matter by 11.89 g / kg. The microbial agent is mixed with organic fertilizer and then applied to the seedbed at a depth of 5–10 cm along with diammonium phosphate and water-retaining agent.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present invention, a nitrogen application combined with two water replenishments during the critical growth period of millet is adopted.

[0015] The preferred method of nitrogen application is to apply 15 kg / mu of diammonium phosphate (equivalent to about 6.9 kg / mu of pure nitrogen) ± 2 kg / mu at the time of sowing as part of the base fertilizer.

[0016] Preferably, the irrigation method is drip irrigation, with water applied once after sowing and once at the jointing stage, with a single application volume of 20–25 m³. 3 / mu.

[0017] This water-nitrogen combination, verified through trials in Tongliao, increased the drought resistance coefficient from 0.49 (without nitrogen application) to 1.56, with a comprehensive drought resistance D-value of 0.8632, the best among all treatments. Simultaneously, under this model, grain protein content reached 13.1%–13.8%, and fat content reached 3.6%–3.7%, achieving a synergistic effect between yield and quality.

[0018] In some embodiments of the present invention, biological induction and foliar microbial regulation during the growth period are also included, including the following methods: Spray a compound biological inducer once each during the jointing and heading stages of millet. The formula is: Bacillus subtilis (… Bacillus subtilis Fermentation broth, concentration not less than 1×10 8 The treatment consists of CFU / mL, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) 50–80 mg / L, betaine 0.5–1.0 g / L, and potassium humate 0.4%–0.5%, with a spraying rate of 30–40 L per acre, applied in the evening or on a cloudy day. This inducer can reduce stomatal conductance by 20%–30% and increase the relative water content of leaves by 15%–20%.

[0019] In some embodiments of the present invention, the invention also includes the synergistic biological control of diseases, pests, and weeds, including the following methods: For underground pests and seedling diseases: use entomopathogenic nematodes ( Steinernema carpocapsae The dosage of the suspension is 1×10⁻⁶ per acre. 8 ~1×10 9 The infecting nematodes are introduced during sowing and drip irrigation.

[0020] Ground pests: Release ladybugs and Trichogramma wasps, and spray with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) or azadirachtin if necessary.

[0021] For diseases: Spray Trichoderma harzianum during the preventative period ( Trichoderma harzianum 300 times dilution of wettable powder.

[0022] For weed infestation: Cover the rows with 8–10 cm of straw and do not apply chemical herbicides.

[0023] In some embodiments of the invention, simplified agronomic measures are also included: deep loosening to a depth of 35–40 cm and rotary tillage.

[0024] The seedling density is 35,000 plants per mu, with double rows on wide ridges (row spacing 70 cm + 30 cm).

[0025] Secondly, the present invention provides the application of the drought-resistant millet cultivation method based on microbiome and plant physiological regulation described in the first aspect in arid regions.

[0026] Thirdly, the present invention provides the application of the drought-resistant millet cultivation method based on microbiome and plant physiological regulation described in the first aspect in saline-alkali soil.

[0027] Based on the drought-resistant cultivation method provided by this invention, it can be used for drought-resistant cultivation of millet and construction of organic production bases; supporting cultivation technology for drought-resistant germplasm; agronomic schemes for integrated water and fertilizer intelligent management systems; and millet production in arid areas of Northeast China and similar ecological zones.

[0028] The beneficial effects achieved by one or more embodiments of the present invention described above are as follows: 1. Significantly increased yield and improved quality: This invention achieves significant yield increase in sandy soil areas by combining selected drought-resistant germplasm with the two-way synergy of soil microecological regulation and above-ground physiological induction. It increases yield by more than 25% compared with conventional fertilization, and significantly improves the protein and fat content of grains.

[0029] 2. Improved soil fertility: This invention significantly improves soil organic matter content and available phosphorus levels by synergistically applying compound microbial agents, water-retaining agents, and organic fertilizers, thereby improving soil physicochemical properties.

[0030] 3. Enhanced drought resistance: The synergistic regulation of water and nitrogen combined with biological resistance-inducing measures significantly improved the drought resistance coefficient and the comprehensive drought resistance D value, effectively addressing drought stress.

[0031] 4. Green and safe: The use of chemical pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers is significantly reduced throughout the entire growth period, which reduces the risk of non-point source pollution and achieves green and safe production of millet. Detailed Implementation

[0032] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0033] Traditional cultivation methods rarely involve active regulation of the rhizosphere microbial community in millet, nor do they combine water-retaining agents with organic-inorganic application systems. In this study, an experiment in the aeolian sandy soil region of Naiman Banner, Inner Mongolia, showed that applying organic fertilizer alone resulted in a 13.47% yield reduction. To address this issue, this invention combines soil microecological regulation with water-retaining agents. After the compound microbial agent is applied to the soil, the functional strains it carries colonize around the rhizosphere, converting insoluble phosphorus and potassium in the soil into readily absorbable nutrients through metabolic activity, thus achieving "phosphorus release and growth promotion." The water-retaining agent maintains a constant rhizosphere moisture level. Simultaneously, the suitable moisture environment maintained by the water-retaining agent promotes the reproduction and metabolic activity of the functional bacteria, while the metabolic products of these bacteria (such as polysaccharides) further promote the formation of soil aggregates, improving the soil's nutrient retention capacity. This formulation can significantly enhance the survival ability of plants under drought conditions.

[0034] Existing technologies lack synergistic water and nitrogen regulation based on crop physiological responses, and excessive water and nitrogen combinations can lead to yield reductions due to nutrient leaching or lodging. This invention demonstrates that the synergistic effect of appropriate nitrogen application and supplemental irrigation during key growth periods can significantly increase millet yield.

[0035] Preferably, the method further includes applying microbial agents and biostimulants during the growth period. The biostimulants include biological inducers and plant growth regulators, and include at least one of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), betaine, and potassium humate. By regulating cell osmotic pressure, it maintains cell membrane stability and prevents cell dehydration; simultaneously, it can induce moderate closure of stomata during drought, reducing transpiration and improving water use efficiency. Furthermore, the biostimulants can activate the plant's antioxidant enzyme system, scavenging excess reactive oxygen species generated by drought stress and mitigating oxidative damage. This endogenous stress response induced by exogenous signals makes millet plants exhibit stronger tolerance to water deficit.

[0036] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments.

[0037] Source of materials: 1. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ( Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC): Accession No. CGMCC No. 6462 (Strain Ba168, deposited on August 21, 2012, isolated from soil from the Qinling primeval forest).

[0038] 2. Bacillus mucilaginosus ( Mucilaginous Bacillus The bacteria (also known as gelatinous Bacillus) was purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC): Accession No. CGMCC No. 7549.

[0039] 3. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ( Rhizophagus irregularis Purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC): Accession number CGMCC No. 12157 (strain AH01).

[0040] 4. Bacillus belye ( Bacillus velezensis Purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC): Accession number CGMCC No. 28051 (strain CMC-3).

[0041] 5. Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis Purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), accession number CGMCC No. 25253 (strain ZLP-121).

[0042] 6. Trichoderma harzianum ( Trichoderma harzianum Purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), accession number: CGMCC NO.1498 (strain LTR-2).

[0043] Example 1: Drought-resistant cultivation of millet in the wind-blown sandy soil area of ​​Naiman Banner (integrated application) Location: Demonstration base in Shanzui Village, Xinzhen Town, Naiman Banner, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia, covering an area of ​​15 mu.

[0044] Soil conditions: aeolian sandy soil, total nitrogen 1.29 g / kg, available phosphorus 5.29 mg / kg, available potassium 87.02 mg / kg, organic matter 9.43 g / kg, pH 8.56, soil moisture content 12.42%.

[0045] Variety: Kutani 41.

[0046] Climate: Rainfall during the 2023-2024 growing season is 15% less than normal, classifying it as a mild to moderate drought year.

[0047] Implementation steps: 1. Soil microecological regulation and optimization of base fertilizer: Compound microbial inoculant (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 2×10⁻⁶) 8 CFU / g + Bacillus mucilaginosus 1×10 8 CFU / g + arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spore density 60 spores / g) is mixed with bio-organic fertilizer at a ratio of 1:20.

[0048] Base fertilizer: 100 kg / mu of organic fertilizer (granular organic fertilizer, organic matter ≥45%, N-P2O5-K2O=5-5-5, provided by Tongliao Jinwei Organic Fertilizer Co., Ltd.) + 15 kg / mu of diammonium phosphate (N≥16%, P2O5≥46%); plus 2.5 kg / mu of water-retaining agent (sodium polyvinyl acetate).

[0049] When sowing, apply the seeds 8 cm below the soil surface.

[0050] 2. Seed coating: Bacillus vesiculosus fermentation broth (1×10⁻⁶) 9 Add 3 L of CFU / mL chitosan oligosaccharide (1%), 1 L of propylene glycol alginate (0.5%), and 0.5 L of water to 5 L. Mix with 100 kg of seeds and air dry for 24 h.

[0051] 3. Sowing and water-nitrogen synergy: Sowing was carried out on May 10th, with double rows on wide ridges (70 cm + 30 cm), a plant spacing of 10 cm, a sowing depth of 3 cm, and a seedling density of 35,000 plants / mu. Simultaneously, 2.5 kg / mu of water-retaining agent and 1×10⁶ spore-forming nematodes were applied to the sowing furrows. 9 Plant per acre. Immediately after sowing, drip irrigate with 22m³ of water. 3 / mu; during the jointing stage (June 25th), drip irrigation was applied again for an additional 22 m³. 3 / mu.

[0052] 4. Biological induction during the growth period: Spray a compound biological inducing agent (Bacillus subtilis 1×10⁻⁶) once each at the jointing stage (June 25) and the heading stage (July 30). 8 CFU / mL + 5-ALA 70 mg / L + betaine 0.8 g / L + potassium humate 0.5%), 35 L per acre.

[0053] 5. Biological control: Release ladybug egg cards (1 card per 15 plants) during the initial aphid outbreak; release Trichogramma egg cards (25 cards per acre) during the millet borer's egg-laying period; spray Trichoderma harzianum on July 5th. Trichoderma harzianum ) 300 times dilution of wettable powder for the prevention of grain blast.

[0054] 6. Other Management: No additional fertilizers or chemical pesticides are applied.

[0055] Implementation results: Yield: Average yield per mu was 328.36 kg (267.46 kg in 2023 and 389.27 kg in 2024).

[0056] Quality: Protein content 7.57%, fat content 3.31%.

[0057] Soil improvement: Organic matter increased from 9.43 g / kg to 21.32 g / kg, available phosphorus increased from 5.29 mg / kg to 18.88 mg / kg, and pH decreased from 8.56 to 8.43.

[0058] Pests and diseases: Aphids infested 2.8% of plants, and millet borer infested 2.1%.

[0059] Example 2: Effects of seed coating materials on millet germination and seedling growth 1. Experimental materials Crop seeds: Longgu 25. Select millet seeds that are plump and uniform in size. Under normal conditions, the germination rate is above 73%.

[0060] Test materials: Propylene glycol alginate, alginate.

[0061] Soil conditions: Moderately saline-alkali soil with a pH of 8.5-9, electrical conductivity of 1000-1300 μs / cm, and salt content (NaCl) of 8-10 g / kg was selected for pot experiments.

[0062] 2. Experimental Design Set up the following treatment groups, with each treatment repeated 3 times and each repetition using 50 seeds.

[0063] CK: Water control, seeds were soaked or treated with water. Treatment 1: Bacillus belye fermentation broth (1×10⁻⁶) 9 Add 3 L of CFU / mL + 1 L of chitosan oligosaccharide (1%) + 0.5 L of propylene glycol alginate (0.5%), add water to 5 L, mix with 100 kg of seeds, and air dry for 24 h.

[0064] Treatment 2: Bacillus belye fermentation broth (1×10⁻⁶) 9 Add 3 L of CFU / mL + 1 L of chitosan oligosaccharide (1%) + 0.5 L of alginic acid (0.5%, dissolved with dilute alkali and adjusted to neutral) to 5 L, mix with 100 kg of seeds, and air dry for 24 h.

[0065] Treatment 3: Bacillus vesiculosus fermentation broth (1×10⁻⁶) 9 Add 3 L of CFU / mL and 1 L of chitosan oligosaccharide (1%) to 5 L of water. Mix with 100 kg of seeds and air dry for 24 h.

[0066] The treated seeds were placed in 9 cm petri dishes lined with three layers of moist filter paper, and 5 mL of purified water was added. 100 seeds were added per dish, and the experiment was repeated three times. The seeds were cultured in a 25°C climate chamber under 16 h / d of light. Starting from day 2 of the experiment, the number of germinating seeds was recorded every other day (germination was defined as radicle and plumule length greater than 1 mm). Germination rates for different treatments were calculated until day 8.

[0067] Germination rate = Number of germinated seeds / Total number of seeds tested × 100%.

[0068] Meanwhile, seeds of different treatments were sown in the field, with 200 seeds planted in each treatment, in rows 2 meters long, with 3 replicates. The germination rate was investigated after emergence.

[0069] Germination rate = Number of germinated seeds / Total number of germinated seeds × 100%.

[0070] 3. Results and Analysis: The germination and emergence results of different treatments are shown in Table 1.

[0071] Table 1. Effects of different seed dressing treatments on millet seed germination

[0072] Note: The data in the table are "mean ± standard deviation". Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate that the differences between treatments in the same year are significant at the 0.05 level.

[0073] As shown in Table 1, there was no significant difference in germination rate among the treatments in the petri dish method. In the field experiment, the emergence rates of treatments 1, 2, and 3 were significantly higher than the control, with treatment 1 showing the highest emergence rate. This indicates that in saline-alkali soil conditions, adding propylene glycol alginate to the seed dressing agent can significantly promote millet seed germination and increase the emergence rate.

[0074] Example 3: Effects of different water and fertilizer treatments on the yield, quality, and drought resistance of early-maturing millet under drought stress. 1. Experimental materials The experiment used the unregistered early-maturing millet variety "Tonggu No. 3" from the Tongliao Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, with a growth period of 89 days. Table 2 shows the basic data of soil nutrient content in the drought resistance evaluation pond in 2023 and 2024.

[0075] Table 2. Basic data on soil nutrient content in the experimental field

[0076] 2. Experimental Methods The experiment was conducted from 2023 to 2024 at the drought resistance assessment pond (43°36'N, 122°16'E) of the Tongliao Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences. The drought resistance assessment pond used a steel frame structure to support a rainproof membrane, isolating it from natural rainfall and avoiding interference from environmental moisture. The isolation pond was 60m long and 10m wide, filled with 40cm of sandy loam soil, and separated by cement walls. The bottom was concrete, with a waterproof layer to prevent groundwater infiltration. The interior space was 3 meters high to facilitate ventilation.

[0077] The experiment employed a two-factor, completely randomized block design: Fertilization treatments: N0 (no nitrogen application), N1 (basal nitrogen fertilizer 15 kg / mu), all treatments received 15 kg / mu of diammonium phosphate fertilizer before sowing, with a ratio of N-P2O5-K2O=5-5-5. Irrigation treatments: W1 (one irrigation after sowing), W2 (jointing stage + two irrigations after sowing), W3 (jointing stage + heading stage + three irrigations after sowing). A total of 6 treatment combinations were formed (N0W1, N0W2, N0W3, N1W1, N1W2, N1W3), with 3 replicates and 18 plots. Each plot was 10 m². 2 (5 m long × 2 m wide), row spacing 40 cm. Manual sowing (3 cm depth) was carried out on July 2, 2023 and 2024. After emergence, seedlings were thinned uniformly to ensure consistent seedling density per unit area. Harvesting was carried out on September 26, 2023 and September 23, 2024. Immediately after sowing, the soil was irrigated to a minimum water holding capacity (80%). Additional irrigation was conducted on August 1 (jointing stage) and August 21 (heading stage) to further increase the water holding capacity (80%). The initial irrigation volume was 300 m³. 3 ·hm -2 The irrigation volume during the jointing and booting stages is 245 m³. 3 ·hm-2 Rainfall during the millet growing season in 2023 and 2024 was 348.3 mm and 444.0 mm, respectively.

[0078] 3. Statistical Analysis Referring to the "Specifications and Data Standards for Description of Millet Germplasm Resources," key stages were recorded as follows: emergence stage (July 8th, 50% of seedlings emerged); jointing stage (August 1st, basal internode elongation ≥2cm); booting stage (August 21st, panicle differentiation completed); maturity stage (September 18th, grain hardening rate ≥95%). After harvest, 10 plants from each treatment were randomly selected for evaluation: plant height (ground to panicle tip), panicle diameter, panicle weight, panicle length (cm), panicle grain weight (g), 1000-grain weight (g), and plot yield. Indoor quality analysis was performed: crude protein (using a fully automated Kjeldahl nitrogen analyzer) and crude fat (using Soxhlet extraction).

[0079] Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were performed using the DPS data processing system, while routine data were processed using Excel. A comprehensive evaluation model was constructed based on the membership function method to calculate indicators such as the individual drought resistance coefficient (DC), indicator weights, membership function values, and comprehensive drought resistance measurement value (D value).

[0080] Drought resistance assessment: Drought resistance coefficient (DC) = treatment value / control value (N0W3 and N1W3 are the control values ​​for no nitrogen application and nitrogen application, respectively). Weight calculation: Factors with a cumulative contribution rate > 85% are extracted through principal component analysis, and their weights are calculated as ωi = λi / Σλ, where ωi is the importance of the i-th principal component among all principal components; and λi is the eigenvalue of the i-th principal component.

[0081] Statistical model: Constructing a comprehensive evaluation model based on the membership function method: Xi is the measured value of the index, Ximax is the maximum value of the measured value, and Ximin is the minimum value of the measured value.

[0082] The comprehensive drought resistance D value is calculated as ∑[μ(Xi)×Wi]. The D value is a comprehensive measure of drought resistance obtained from the comprehensive index evaluation under drought stress. The larger the D value, the stronger the drought resistance.

[0083] 4. Results and Analysis 4.1 Comparison of agronomic traits and yield of early-maturing millet under different water and nitrogen treatments Tables 3 and 4 show the effects of different water and nitrogen treatments on agronomic traits and yield in 2023 and 2024, respectively.

[0084] Table 3. Effects of different water and nitrogen treatments on agronomic traits and yield in 2023

[0085] Table 4. Effects of different water and nitrogen treatments on agronomic traits and yield in 2024

[0086] Note: The data in the table are "mean ± standard deviation". Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate that the differences between treatments in the same year are significant at the 0.05 level.

[0087] As shown in Tables 3 and 4, the plant height of each treatment in 2023 ranged from 70.5 to 95.2 cm, with N1W1 having the highest plant height at 95.2 cm, which was significantly different from other treatments. P <0.05), N0W1 had the lowest plant height, which was also significantly different from other treatments ( P <0.05), there was no significant difference between N0W3, N1W2 and N1W3. P >0.05), N0W2 treatment was significantly different from other treatments ( P >0.05); the ear lengths of each treatment were not significantly different, with the N1 treatment being longer and showing a significant difference from all N0 treatments. P <0.05), while there were no significant differences between the different moisture treatments N1 and N0 ( P >0.05); spikelet diameter was highest in the N1W2 treatment and lowest in the N0W1 and N0W2 treatments, with significant differences compared to other treatments, while no significant differences were found among other treatments. P >0.05); the N1W1 treatment had the heaviest grain weight, while the N0W1 and N0W2 treatments had the lightest, showing significant differences from the other treatments. P <0.05), with no significant difference from other varieties ( P >0.05); the heaviest single ear weight was in treatment N1W1, weighing 16.5 g, which was significantly different from other varieties. P <0.05); the gluten yield was highest in N0W3 (83.5%), followed by N1W1 (78.5%) and N1W2 (76.5%), showing significant differences from other treatments. P <0.05); the thousand-grain weight was heaviest in treatment N0W3, at 2.17 g, with no significant difference from other varieties. P >0.05); the highest yield was achieved by treatment N0W3, reaching 130.4 kg / mu, followed by treatments N1W2 and N1W1, at 116.8 kg / mu and 110.3 kg / mu respectively. The overall trend and differences between 2024 and 2023 were similar, but the overall data showed a slight improvement, which may be closely related to the environment and climate for millet cultivation.

[0088] Analysis of two years of data shows that nitrogen application significantly improves crop agronomic traits and yield. Compared with the non-nitrogen treatment (N0), the nitrogen-application treatment (N1) significantly improved plant height, ear length, ear diameter, grain weight, grain yield, and other indicators. The average yield of the N1 treatment (102.65 kg / mu) increased by 14.25% compared with the N0 treatment (89.87 kg / mu), indicating that nitrogen application may enhance yield potential by promoting plant growth and ear development. However, the effects of water conditions on agronomic traits varied. Under non-nitrogen fertilization conditions (N0 group), plant height, ear diameter, grain weight, and yield significantly increased with increasing water (W1–W3); and the yield of the N0W3 treatment was the highest among all treatments, possibly because sufficient water could compensate for nitrogen deficiency. Under nitrogen-application conditions (N1 group), plant height and ear length were less affected by water, but ear diameter, grain weight, and yield decreased significantly in the high-water treatment (W3), suggesting that excessive water and nitrogen combinations may lead to nutrient dilution and thus yield reduction. In summary, moderate nitrogen application (N1) combined with low to medium moisture levels (W1–W2) can steadily increase yields, while high moisture levels (W3) require careful nitrogen control to avoid negative effects. Future research needs to further verify the water-nitrogen interaction mechanism and identify key thresholds to achieve efficient resource utilization.

[0089] 4.2 Effects of water and nitrogen regulation on the quality of early-maturing millet Table 5 shows the effects of different water and nitrogen treatments on the quality of early-maturing millet.

[0090] Table 5. Effects of different water and nitrogen treatments on the quality of early-maturing millet.

[0091] Note: The data in the table are "mean ± standard deviation". Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate that the differences between treatments in the same year are significant at the 0.05 level.

[0092] As shown in Table 5, the N1W2 treatment had the highest protein content in 2023, which was significantly different from all other treatments. P <0.05; N0W2 was the second highest, significantly higher than other treatments in the N0 group (N0W1, N0W3), but lower than N1W2 ( P <0.05%, with different nitrogen application rates, the concentration first increased and then decreased with increasing moisture content. N1W1 had the highest fat content, which was significantly different from other treatments. P <0.05); N1W3 had the lowest fat content, and it was significantly lower than other treatments ( P <0.05); In both N0 and N1 treatments, the fat content decreased with increasing moisture content (W1 to W3).

[0093] Quality analysis in 2024 showed that the N1W2 treatment also had the highest protein content, and was significantly different from all other treatments. P<0.05); There was no significant difference between N0W2 and N1W3, N1W1 ( P >0.05); N0W1 and N0W3 had the lowest protein content, and the difference was not significant ( P >0.05). N1W1 had the highest fat content, significantly better than other treatments ( P <0.05); N0W1 differed significantly from N0W2 and N0W3 ( P <0.05); N1W3 had the lowest fat content, which was significantly different from other treatments ( P <0.05). The protein and fat content trends in 2024 were basically the same as in 2023.

[0094] Overall, comparing protein content in nitrogen-treated (N1) and non-nitrogen-treated (N0) groups, nitrogen application significantly increased protein content: the average protein content in the N1 group was 11.7%, 6.7% higher than that in the N0 group (10.97%), with N1W2 (13.1%) reaching the peak, indicating that nitrogen application significantly promoted protein accumulation. Protein content decreased with increasing irrigation frequency in all nitrogen-treated groups. The effect of nitrogen application on fat was complex; the average fat content in the N1 group (3.7%) was slightly lower than that in the N0 group (3.72%). With fewer irrigations (W1), nitrogen application significantly increased fat content, with N1W1 reaching 4.1%, 7.9% higher than N0W1 (3.8%). With increased irrigation (W3), nitrogen application inhibited fat accumulation, with N1W3 having a lower fat content than N0W3. In summary, a medium nitrogen and medium water combination (N1W2) was the optimal combination, achieving a balance between protein (13.1%) and fat (3.6%). For high protein requirements, N1W2 treatment is preferred, while for high fat requirements, N1W1 treatment is recommended. However, it is important to control the irrigation frequency to prevent excessive drought.

[0095] 4.3 Analysis of drought resistance coefficient characteristics of early-maturing millet under different nitrogen treatments The drought resistance coefficients of the tested early-maturing millet under different nitrogen treatments are shown in Table 6.

[0096] Table 6. Drought resistance coefficients of agronomic traits and quality indicators of early-maturing millet under different nitrogen treatments.

[0097] Based on the provided experimental data, there were significant differences in the drought resistance coefficients (DC) of agronomic traits (plant height, panicle length, panicle diameter, etc.) and quality indicators (protein, fat) of early-maturing millet under N0 (no nitrogen treatment) and N1 (conventional nitrogen treatment). The drought resistance coefficient (DC) is defined as the trait performance value under drought stress divided by the trait performance value under normal irrigation conditions. The closer the DC value is to 1, the stronger the drought resistance. A DC value < 1 indicates that drought stress leads to a decline in traits, while a DC value > 1 may reflect the variety's adaptive compensation mechanism to drought.

[0098] In terms of agronomic traits, the yield DC value of the non-nitrogen (N0) treatment was 0.49, significantly lower than that of the nitrogen (N1) treatment (1.56). Regarding grain weight and ear weight, the DC values ​​for grain weight (0.48) and ear weight (0.61) in the N0 treatment were both lower than those in the nitrogen (N1) treatment (1.80 and 1.62, respectively). Regarding plant height and ear length, the DC values ​​for plant height (0.86) and ear length (0.99) in N0 were close to 1, while the DC values ​​for N1 were both 1.00, indicating that plant height and ear length remained stable under drought conditions under nitrogen treatment. Regarding ear diameter, the DC value for ear diameter in N1 (1.25) was significantly higher than that in N0 (0.88). In terms of quality, the protein DC value in N0 (1.05) was slightly higher than that in N1 (0.98), but the difference was not significant; the fat DC value in N1 (1.21) was significantly higher than that in N0 (1.06).

[0099] Among the regulatory effects of nitrogen treatment, nitrogen application significantly improved drought resistance of yield-related traits (grain weight, panicle weight, and yield) (DC > 1.5). While the non-nitrogen treatment showed stable results in morphological traits such as plant height and panicle length, the DC values ​​for yield-related traits were generally below 0.6, indicating that drought had a more significant inhibitory effect on yield under low-nitrogen conditions. In screening drought resistance indicators, yield, panicle weight, and grain weight can be used as core evaluation indicators for drought resistance, and the high DC values ​​of these indicators under the N1 treatment in this experiment further validate their sensitivity. The stability of fat content and thousand-grain weight may reflect the potential genetic characteristics of drought resistance in millet quality. Fat content showed better drought resistance under nitrogen application conditions, while protein content showed lower nitrogen dependence.

[0100] 4.4 Principal Component Analysis Principal component analysis was performed on nine traits of early-maturing millet, and the results are shown in Table 7.

[0101] Table 7 Principal Component Analysis

[0102] As shown in Table 7, there are four principal components with eigenvalues ​​of 4.65, 2.02, 1.27, and 0.86, respectively. The contribution rates of the first four principal components are 51.67%, 22.39%, 14.09%, and 9.57%, respectively. The cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components reaches 88.16%. Principal components with a cumulative contribution rate exceeding 80% are usually selected, so the first three principal components should be chosen here. The contribution rates of the remaining principal components are small and can be ignored. Thus, the original nine trait indicators are transformed into three new independent comprehensive indicators. In the loading matrix of each principal component, i.e., the initial factor estimate, F1 has high loadings on grain weight, yield, ear diameter, thousand-grain weight, and ear weight, indicating that F1 may mainly represent yield-related traits. Grain weight, ear diameter, ear weight, and yield directly determine biomass per unit area. Thousand-grain weight is related to grain size, and ear weight reflects the overall productivity of the ear. Varieties with high values ​​for these traits can increase yield, but the risks brought about by trait synergy (such as increased plant height accompanied by lodging risk) should be noted. F2 plants have higher loadings on plant height and protein content, but negative loadings on fat content and ear weight, possibly representing a trade-off between plant structure and nutritional quality. Higher plant height is positively correlated with protein content, but negatively correlated with fat content and ear weight, suggesting that resources may be tilted towards stem growth and protein accumulation, while inhibiting fat synthesis and ear development. High yield (ear weight) and high quality (high protein) are antagonistic (e.g., high F2 scores result in increased protein but decreased ear weight), requiring optimization of the balance through water and nitrogen regulation (e.g., appropriate water control and nitrogen increase). F3 plants may have higher loadings on thousand-grain weight and negative loadings on ear length, reflecting a dual characteristic of grain plumpness and ear morphology. Higher thousand-grain weight is usually accompanied by shorter ear length, possibly reflecting resource competition between grain plumpness and the number of spikelets per ear. If grain quality is the target, varieties with high F3 scores (short ears and large grains) can be selected, but adjustments need to be made in conjunction with planting density. The analysis requires a detailed examination of the loadings of each principal component, followed by interpretation of the actual meaning represented by each principal component.

[0103] 4.5 Comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance of early-maturing millet under drought stress treatments The comprehensive evaluation results of drought resistance of early-maturing millet under drought stress are shown in Table 8.

[0104] Table 8. Comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance of early-maturing millet under drought stress.

[0105] As shown in Table 8, based on the comprehensive evaluation analysis of experimental data (D-value weighted method), μ(1)~μ(9) represent the μ values ​​of plant height, ear length, ear diameter, grain weight, ear weight, thousand-grain weight, yield, protein, and fat, respectively. Table 8 shows that there are significant differences in the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer (N) and water (W) treatment combinations on the agronomic traits of early-maturing millet. Among them, the N1W2 treatment has the best comprehensive performance (D value = 0.863), and the μ values ​​of key traits such as plant height, ear length, ear diameter, grain weight, and ear weight are all close to or equal to 1, indicating that nitrogen application and appropriate water significantly improve drought resistance. The N0W3 (no nitrogen application + three irrigations) has the second highest D value (0.749), and the yield μ value reaches 1.0, indicating that the crop maintains high yield under insufficient nitrogen conditions through sufficient water, but the protein μ value is 0, reflecting a decline in quality. The optimization suggestion for water and nitrogen management is to appropriately control water under nitrogen application conditions. The N1W2 treatment has the best D value and yield, in order to maximize resource utilization efficiency. Under conditions of no nitrogen application and sufficient water, N0W3 has the second highest D value (0.749), indicating that sufficient water content is needed when nitrogen is insufficient. To balance yield and quality, N0W3 has a yield μ value of 1.0 but a protein μ value of 0. It is recommended to combine it with an appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer (such as N1W2) in arid areas to balance yield and nutritional quality. 4.6 Correlation analysis among various traits of early-maturing millet under drought stress Pearson correlation analysis revealed a complex network of relationships among the various traits of early-maturing millet under drought stress (as shown in Table 6). Ear traits and yield showed a high degree of synergy, while quality traits and yield traits exhibited a significant trade-off. Treatment (1) represents different nitrogen application and irrigation treatments. Specific analysis is as follows: Yield (10) and grain yield (8) showed a highly significant positive correlation (r=0.960, P <0.01), and showed a significant positive correlation with grain weight (5) and ear weight (6) (r=0.855, P <0.05), ear weight and yield were nearly statistically significant (r=0.794), and thousand-grain weight was significantly positively correlated with yield (r=0.860, P <0.05); ear diameter and grain weight (r=0.840, P <0.05), ear weight (r=0.874, P All values ​​<0.05 were significantly positively correlated; ear weight and grain weight were extremely significantly correlated (r=0.991, r<0.05). P <0.01), and was significantly correlated with ear diameter (r=0.875, P <0.05); Grain yield and grain weight (r=0.877, P <0.05), ear weight (r=0.808, P <0.05) significantly positively correlated; plant height (2) was significantly correlated with water and nitrogen treatment (r=0.867, P<0.05), positively correlated with yield (r=0.686). Fat (7) was positively correlated with yield-related traits, while fat content was negatively correlated with treatment intensity (1) (r=-0.439); while protein (9) was negatively correlated with yield, grain weight (r=-0.442), and ear weight (r=-0.486), and there was no significant correlation between thousand-grain weight and protein content (r=-0.033).

[0106] In the cultivation and management of early-maturing millet in arid regions, appropriate nitrogen application combined with two irrigations during the jointing stage and after sowing (N1W2) can significantly improve yield potential and drought resistance (DC=1.56), while excessive water and nitrogen (N1W3) may lead to yield reduction due to ecological risks and should be avoided. Principal component analysis shows that ear grain weight (loading 0.89), ear weight (0.75), and ear diameter (0.91) are the dominant factors for yield and compete with quality traits (protein, fat) for resource allocation. Correlation analysis and drought resistance analysis results indicate that the ear diameter-grain weight-ear weight-yield pathway (r=0.840–0.960) and the grain yield (r=0.960) constitute the key to stable millet yield in arid regions, and ear development needs to be optimized through precise regulation of water and nitrogen. Comprehensive analysis shows that the N1W2 model is recommended for early-maturing millet planting in arid areas. It can balance yield (118.35 kg / mu) and quality (protein 13.1%, fat 3.65%), and has the best overall drought resistance performance (D value = 0.863). Its key traits such as plant height, ear length, ear diameter, and grain weight are close to the ideal values. This indicates that water and nitrogen synergy can significantly alleviate drought stress, improve yield and resource utilization efficiency, and provide theoretical support for the precise management of water and nitrogen in sandy areas of arid Inner Mongolia.

[0107] Compared with conventional methods, this embodiment has the following significant advantages: 1. Significantly enhanced drought resistance Nitrogen application (N1) increased the drought resistance coefficient of yield from 0.49 (N0 without nitrogen application) to 1.56, and the comprehensive drought resistance D value reached 0.863.

[0108] Furthermore, the combined effect of biological inducers and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi further expands the root absorption range and improves water use efficiency.

[0109] 2. Significant reduction in chemical inputs No chemical pesticides are used throughout the entire growth period, reducing the amount of chemical pesticides used by 100%; the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used is reduced by more than 40% compared to the conventional method (the conventional application of diammonium phosphate is 25 kg / mu, while this invention only requires 15 kg / mu); the water-retaining agent reduces the frequency of irrigation by 1-2 times, saving about 30% of water.

[0110] 3. Improved overall economic benefits The net profit per mu is 260-300 yuan higher than that of conventional planting (based on millet at 3.6 yuan / kg), and the input-output ratio is more than 1:3.2.

[0111] Experimental example: Water and fertilizer utilization experiment This experiment was conducted from May 2023 to October 2024 in Shanzui Village, Xinzhen Town, Naiman Banner, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia. The soil total nitrogen was 1.29 g / kg, available phosphorus was 5.29 mg / kg, available potassium was 87.02 mg / kg, soil organic matter was 9.43 g / kg, and pH was 8.56.

[0112] 1. Experimental materials The tested millet variety was Jiugu 41. Organic fertilizer (granular organic fertilizer, organic matter ≥45%, N-P2O5-K2O=5-5-5, provided by Tongliao Jinwei Organic Fertilizer Co., Ltd.), diammonium phosphate (N≥16%, P2O5≥46%), and water-retaining agent (sodium polyvinyl acetate, provided by Beijing Kulaibo Technology Co., Ltd.) were used.

[0113] 2. Experimental Design The experiment included four treatments, as shown in Table 9, each with different fertilization rates. The control group received conventional fertilization, and all other cultivation methods were the same as in Example 1. There were no replicates, and each plot covered an area of ​​5 mu (approximately 0.33 hectares).

[0114] Table 9. Amount of test materials (fertilizer application) (unit: kg / mu)

[0115] 3. Field Management Before sowing, apply fertilizer and water-retaining agent to the soil surface and then rotary tillage to a depth of 15cm. Use a millet-specific seeder for hill sowing, double rows on wide ridges, with a row spacing of 70cm + 30cm, a sowing rate of 0.35kg per mu, and a seedling density of 35,000 plants per mu. Other management procedures are the same as in the field.

[0116] 4. Measurement Items Soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content, and pH value were measured before fertilization in 2023; soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content, and pH value were measured at maturity. Grain protein and fat content were measured after harvest. Yield was measured at three locations at harvest, with each location covering an area of ​​15 m². 2 .

[0117] 5. Results Analysis The experimental data were processed and statistically analyzed using Microsoft 2007 and DPS data processing system.

[0118] 5.1 Effects of different treatments on millet yield Table 10 Millet Yield in 2023-2024 (Unit: kg / mu)

[0119] Analysis of the yield results in Table 10 shows that treatment 3 (Example 1) had the highest yield, increasing by 25.33% compared to the control. Treatments 2 and 4 increased by 7.65% and 12.81% respectively compared to the control. Treatment 1 showed a 13.47% decrease in yield compared to the control, demonstrating that the yield decreased when organic fertilizer was applied alone. The optimal fertilization rate is 100 kg / mu of organic fertilizer + 15 kg / mu of diammonium phosphate + 2.5 kg / mu of water-retaining agent.

[0120] 5.2 Effects of different treatments on soil Table 11 Soil physicochemical properties

[0121] As shown in Table 11, the method of this invention increased soil organic matter from a baseline of 9.43 g / kg to 21.32 g / kg (an increase of 11.89 g / kg), while organic matter in the conventional fertilization area decreased to 4.82 g / kg. Available phosphorus increased from 5.29 mg / kg to 18.88 mg / kg, and pH decreased from 8.56 to 8.43. Analysis of soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content showed that total nitrogen content increased compared to before fertilization in 2023, but there was no clear pattern among the treatments; available phosphorus content increased with increasing diammonium phosphate application, with the highest available phosphorus content observed in the control group under conventional fertilization; available potassium content decreased compared to before fertilization in 2023; organic matter content increased in all treatments, while it decreased in the control group compared to before fertilization in 2023; soil pH decreased, but there was no clear pattern among the treatments.

[0122] 5.3 Effects of different treatments on millet quality Table 12 Effects of different treatments on millet quality

[0123] Analysis of Table 12 shows that the protein and fat content of millet in all treatments increased compared with the control group that only applied chemical fertilizer, proving that the application of organic fertilizer has a certain effect on improving the quality of millet.

[0124] Applying organic fertilizer alone reduces yield by 13.47% compared to applying chemical fertilizer. The optimal fertilization plan for millet production in the southern mountainous area of ​​Naiman is to apply 100 kg of organic fertilizer + 15 kg of diammonium phosphate + 2.5 kg of water-retaining agent (sodium polyvinyl acetate) per mu as base fertilizer. This can increase soil organic matter content by 11.89 g / kg, millet protein content by 0.27%, and millet fat content by 0.23%.

[0125] When combined with water-nitrogen synergistic regulation (N1W2), the protein content can reach 13.1%–13.8%, and the fat content 3.6%–3.7%, achieving a synergy between high yield and high quality.

[0126] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drought-resistant cultivation method for millet based on microbiome and plant physiological regulation, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Before sowing, the millet seeds are coated with a coating agent containing biocontrol bacteria and biological inhibitors; When preparing the land or sowing seeds, apply a soil conditioner containing compound microbial agents and water-retaining agents, and apply base fertilizer, which includes organic fertilizer and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. During the growth period, a compound inducer containing biostimulants is sprayed to induce the plant's physiological response to stress.

2. The method for drought-resistant millet cultivation based on microbiome and plant physiological regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before sowing, the millet seeds are treated with a compound biological coating agent, wherein the coating agent comprises: Bacillus belesiensis ( Bacillus velezensis Fermentation broth, effective viable count ≥1×10⁻⁶ 9 CFU / mL Chitosan oligosaccharides, molecular weight ≤ 3000 Da, concentration 0.5%-1.0%, Propylene glycol alginate or alginate, at a concentration of 0.2%-0.5%.

3. The method for drought-resistant millet cultivation based on microbiome and plant physiological regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, When preparing the land or sowing seeds, apply a compound microbial agent containing at least two of the following functional strains: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ( Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ≥2×10 8 CFU / g, Bacillus mucilaginosus ( Bacillus mucilaginosus ≥1×10 8 CFU / g, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ( Rhizophagus irregularis Spore density ≥ 50 spores / g.

4. The method for drought-resistant millet cultivation based on microbiome and plant physiological regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, When preparing the land or sowing, apply base fertilizer at the same time. Base fertilizer includes: 100±10 kg / mu of organic fertilizer, 15±2 kg / mu of diammonium phosphate, and 2.5±0.2 kg / mu of water-retaining agent.

5. The method for drought-resistant millet cultivation based on microbiome and plant physiological regulation according to claim 4, characterized in that, Organic fertilizer contains ≥45% organic matter by mass and N:P2O5:K2O by mass ratio of 5:5:5; diammonium phosphate contains ≥16% N by mass and ≥46% P2O5 by mass.

6. The method for drought-resistant millet cultivation based on microbiome and plant physiological regulation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The water-retaining agent is selected from sodium polyvinyl acetate or polyacrylamide-type water-retaining agents.

7. The method for drought-resistant millet cultivation based on microbiome and plant physiological regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the millet's growth period, a nitrogen application combined with two water replenishments during the critical growth period is adopted; Nitrogen application method: Apply 15±2 kg / mu of diammonium phosphate at the time of sowing as part of the base fertilizer; The irrigation method is as follows: drip irrigation is used, with water replenished once after sowing and once at the jointing stage, with a single replenishment volume of 20–25 m³. 3 / mu.

8. The method for drought-resistant millet cultivation based on microbiome and plant physiological regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, This also includes biological induction and regulation of foliar microorganisms during the growth period, including the following methods: Spray a compound biological inducer once each during the jointing and heading stages of millet. The formula is: Bacillus subtilis (… Bacillus subtilis Fermentation broth, concentration not less than 1×10 8 CFU / mL, 5-aminolevulinic acid 50–80 mg / L, betaine 0.5–1.0 g / L, potassium humate 0.4%–0.5%, spray at a rate of 30–40 L per acre, in the evening or on a cloudy day.

9. The application of the millet drought-resistant cultivation method based on microbiome and plant physiological regulation as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 in arid regions.

10. The application of the millet drought-resistant cultivation method based on microbiome and plant physiological regulation as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 in saline-alkali soil.

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