A rice-frog-snail breeding method based on niche partitioning

Abstract

This invention discloses a rice-frog-snail farming method based on ecological niche zoning, belonging to the field of agricultural ecological farming technology. This invention constructs functional zones with different ecological niches for farming, namely, a feeding zone, a habitat zone, a transition buffer zone, and a rice planting zone, satisfying the functions of rice cultivation, frog and snail farming, ensuring that the three do not interfere with each other and coexist mutually beneficially. The feeding zone and habitat zone are separated, which facilitates the removal of uneaten feed and feces, preventing water pollution and deterioration of the frog farming environment. The transition buffer zone not only provides a concealed molting environment for frogs but also intercepts uneaten feed and purifies the water. The rice and snails in the transition buffer zone and rice planting zone can further purify wastewater, truly achieving the ecological cycle goal of "stable rice yield, high frog yield, snail-purified water, and zero pollution."

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural ecological farming technology, and in particular to a rice-frog-snail farming method based on ecological niche zoning. Background Technology

[0002] In traditional agricultural production, monoculture rice cultivation has long been dominant. However, with the rising costs of agricultural production and fluctuations in grain purchase prices, the economic benefits of solely cultivating rice have continued to decline, making it difficult to meet farmers' demands for increased income. At the same time, the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has not only damaged the soil structure and aquatic environment of paddy fields but also increased the risk of pesticide residues in rice, contradicting consumers' demand for green and safe agricultural products.

[0003] To address this dilemma, integrated rice-fish farming has emerged, with combinations such as rice-frog and rice-snail farming gradually gaining popularity. However, current technologies often focus on the symbiosis of a single species with rice, or simply placing frogs and snails in the same paddy field for mixed farming, without fully considering the ecological niche differences between the species. Frogs, as amphibious predators, rely on the water-land transition zone for activity, while snails prefer shallow water environments to feed on humus and algae. Their habitats and dietary needs overlap and conflict. In mixed farming, frogs may prey on juvenile snails, and excessive snail reproduction can compete with rice for nutrients. This not only fails to achieve mutually beneficial symbiosis between species but may also lead to ecological imbalance in the paddy field, restricting rice yield increases and making it difficult to guarantee the farming benefits of frogs and snails.

[0004] Furthermore, the existing rice-frog co-cultivation model has a relatively extensive field layout and lacks zoning design for different species, making it difficult to accurately implement management measures such as feeding, water quality control, and pest and disease control. In order to take into account the needs of different species, farmers often have to increase the amount of feed and pesticides used, which not only raises production costs but also violates the original intention of ecological farming. At the same time, the activity range of frogs and snails is uncontrolled, which can easily damage the rice root system or reduce the survival rate due to unsuitable habitat. Studies have also shown that rice-frog co-cultivation increases soil phosphorus content, but decreases available nitrogen and available potassium content, which will also affect rice yield (Zhu Lianfeng, Fang Weiping, Zhuang Xuehao, et al. Effects of rice-frog co-cultivation on soil physicochemical properties and rice yield [J]. China Rice, 2023, 29(5): 23-27.), further affecting the overall income.

[0005] Therefore, how to scientifically divide paddy fields based on the principle of ecological niche, and construct a planting and breeding system in which frogs, snails and rice each have their own place and promote mutual benefit, so as to maximize the benefits of frog and snail farming while ensuring stable rice production, and at the same time reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, has become a key issue that urgently needs to be solved in the field of integrated rice-fish farming. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the above shortcomings, this invention provides a rice-frog-snail integrated farming method based on ecological niche zoning. This method solves the problems of ecological niche overlap and conflict, extensive farming layout, high management difficulty, and low overall efficiency in the simple mixed farming of frogs, snails, and rice in existing technologies. The specific technical solution is as follows: A rice-frog-snail farming method based on ecological niche zoning includes the following steps: (1) Ecological niche zoning of paddy fields: Feeding area, habitat area, transition buffer zone and rice planting area are set up in sequence from the water inlet end to the water outlet end of the paddy field; the feeding area and habitat area account for 8-10% of the total area of ​​the paddy field, and no rice is planted in the area; the transition buffer zone accounts for 5-10% of the total area of ​​the paddy field, and rice is planted in the area; the rice planting area accounts for 80-85% of the total area of ​​the paddy field. The feeding area is 10-15 cm above the field surface and is located near the water inlet. The area facing the habitat should not exceed 30 cm. 。 The slope is designed to make it easy for frogs to climb up and forage. The bottom is covered with nylon cloth to prevent feed from being lost and to make it easy to remove uneaten food. The nylon cloth is buried in the soil around the edges to enhance stability. The habitat and feeding area are connected by a walkway, facilitating frog movement. A floating frog mat, covering 30%–50% of the habitat area, is laid within the walkway for the frogs to rest and molt. A ring ditch, 0.5–1m wide and 0.2–0.5m deep, is dug around the frog mat to provide shelter from the heat and cold, molt, and for nighttime activity. This ring ditch connects to field ditches, forming a water network that maintains a water depth of 20–50 cm and keeps the water clear. A first drainage outlet is located at a corner opposite the water inlet in the habitat area, through which water flows into the transition buffer zone and rice planting area. The water inlet is located in the feeding area, and the drainage outlet is diagonally opposite the habitat area, creating a water flow guide that promotes the directional flow of uneaten food and feces to other areas. The transition buffer zone is connected to the habitat area, and the rice planting area is connected to the transition buffer zone. A second drainage outlet is provided at the end of the rice planting area away from the transition buffer zone, and water is discharged outside the rice field through the second drainage outlet. (2) Planting rice: Transplant rice seedlings from early May to early June. The planting density is 0.9-10,000 holes / mu, with 1-2 seedlings per hole and a plant spacing of 50 cm × 60 cm. (3) Frog release: 15 to 20 days after rice seedling transplanting, release healthy juvenile frogs weighing 7 g or more, with a stocking density of 12,000 to 18,000 frogs per mu; (4) Releasing snails: 15-20 days after rice seedling transplanting, select undamaged and healthy snails to release into the rice planting area. The release size is 15-20 g / seed, and the stocking density is 25-30 kg / mu. (5) Cultivation and breeding management: Fertilization management and water level control for rice, and feeding management for frogs.

[0007] Furthermore, in step (1), the feeding area is also equipped with insect-attracting lamps, one lamp is set up every 20 to 50 m, and the feeding domestication is gradually completed by combining live bait attraction and light attraction.

[0008] Furthermore, in step (1), a 2-2.5 m high netted fruit and vegetable rack is erected above the feeding area, habitat area and transition buffer zone to reduce light intensity and predator threat, and a 60-80 cm high polyethylene escape-proof net is set around the feeding area, habitat area and transition buffer zone, with the bottom of the net buried in the soil 5-10 cm deep.

[0009] Furthermore, the rice variety is either Wuliangyou Yuzhan or Zhongzheyou 8, which provides a concealed molting environment for the frogs and also intercepts uneaten food and purifies the water; the frog species is the black-spotted frog. Pelophylax nigromaculatus The snail species mentioned is the Chinese round snail. Cipangopaludina chinensis .

[0010] Furthermore, in step (3), the tadpoles are disinfected by soaking in 1% to 2% saline solution for 5 to 10 minutes before being released.

[0011] Further, in step (5), the fertilization management is as follows: apply organic fertilizer once 10 to 14 days before rice transplanting, with an application rate of 200 to 250 kg / mu. Spray microbial agents once during the tillering stage and the booting stage, respectively. The application method is to spray evenly across the entire field, with an application rate of 1 to 2 L / mu. After that, rely on frog excrement to provide nutrients and no further fertilization is required.

[0012] Furthermore, the microbial agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-7 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 5-10 parts of Bacillus jellyoidus, 1-5 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 3-6 parts of Bacillus laterosporus brevis, and 1-9 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.

[0013] Further, in step (5), the water level is controlled as follows: the water depth on the field surface is 3-5 cm during the rice greening period, and 10-15 cm during the tillering to maturity period; the field is lightly dried in the later stage of tillering until the field surface is slightly cracked, and water is kept in the ring ditch and field ditch during this period; a 24-hour uninterrupted water flow mode is adopted, and the water inflow rate is adjusted according to the growth stage of the frog: 0.1-0.2 m³ / h for 1-14 days, 0.2-0.4 m³ / h for 15-35 days, and 0.4-0.6 m³ / h after 36 days.

[0014] Furthermore, in step (5), the feeding management is as follows: feed frog-specific compound feed every day. The feeding amount is 2% to 3% of the frog's body weight for the first 30 days, and the feeding amount is adjusted to 1% to 2% of the frog's body weight after 30 days. Feeding is only done in the feeding area, and leftover feed is cleaned up regularly.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention constructs functional zones for different ecological niches for breeding and cultivation, namely, a feeding area, a habitat area, a transition buffer zone, and a rice planting area, to meet the functions of rice cultivation, frog and snail farming, ensuring that the three do not interfere with each other and coexist mutually beneficially. The separation of the feeding area and habitat area facilitates the removal of uneaten feed and feces, preventing water pollution and deterioration of the frog farming environment. The transition buffer zone not only provides a concealed molting environment for bullfrogs but also intercepts uneaten feed and purifies the water. The rice and snails in the transition buffer zone and rice planting area further purify wastewater, truly achieving the ecological cycle goal of "stable rice yield, high frog yield, snail-purified water, and zero pollution."

[0016] 2. In the fertilization management of this invention, microbial agents are sprayed during the tillering and booting stages. The *Bacillus subtilis* in the microbial agents can accelerate the degradation of frog excrement and uneaten feed; *Bacillus spp.* can solubilize phosphorus and potassium, converting ineffective forms into readily available forms, rapidly replenishing the potassium requirements of rice during the tillering and booting stages; *Bacillus licheniformis* can accelerate the degradation of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the water, preventing frog stress and disease; *Bacillus lateralis* can secrete hormones to promote rice root growth; and *Bacillus amyloliquefaciens* can prevent rice diseases. Therefore, spraying microbial agents can not only accelerate the degradation of frog excrement, improve water quality, and promote frog growth, but also supplement rice fertilizer, prevent diseases, and increase rice yield. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the ecological niche zoning of paddy fields according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, but it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used below have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. The technical terms used herein are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Unless otherwise specifically stated, all raw materials, reagents, instruments, and equipment used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.

[0020] Example 1 A rice-frog-snail farming method based on ecological niche zoning includes the following steps: (1) Ecological niche zoning of paddy fields: Feeding area, habitat area, transition buffer zone and rice planting area are set up sequentially from the water inlet to the water outlet of the paddy field; the feeding area and habitat area account for 10% of the total area of ​​the paddy field, and no rice is planted in these areas; the transition buffer zone accounts for 10% of the total area of ​​the paddy field, and rice is planted in these areas; the rice planting area accounts for 80% of the total area of ​​the paddy field (see Figure 1 ); The feeding area is 15 cm above the field surface and is located near the water inlet. The area facing the habitat is set to be no more than 30 cm. 。 The slope is designed to facilitate frogs climbing up to forage. The bottom of the slope is covered with nylon cloth to prevent feed loss and to facilitate the removal of uneaten food. The nylon cloth is buried in the soil around the edges to enhance stability. The feeding area is also equipped with insect-attracting lamps, one every 50 m. By combining live bait attraction with light-attracting insects, feeding acclimatization can be gradually completed. The habitat and feeding area are connected by a walkway to facilitate frog movement. A floating frog mat, covering 50% of the habitat area, is laid out for the frogs to rest and molt. A 1-m wide and 0.5-m deep ring ditch is dug around the frog mat to provide space for the frogs to escape the heat and cold, molt, and move at night. The ring ditch connects to the field ditches, forming a water network, maintaining a water depth of 50 cm and ensuring clear water quality. A first drainage outlet is located at a corner opposite the water inlet in the habitat area, from which water flows into the transition buffer zone and rice planting area. The water inlet is located in the feeding area, and the drainage outlet is diagonally opposite the habitat area, creating a water flow guide to promote the directional flow of uneaten food and feces to other areas. A 2.5-m high netted fruit and vegetable rack is erected above the feeding area, habitat area, and transition buffer zone to reduce light intensity and predator threats. An 80-cm high polyethylene escape-proof net is installed around the feeding area, habitat area, and transition buffer zone, with the bottom of the net buried 10 cm in the soil. The transition buffer zone is connected to the habitat area, and the rice planting area is connected to the transition buffer zone. A second drainage outlet is provided at the end of the rice planting area away from the transition buffer zone, and water is discharged outside the rice field through the second drainage outlet. (2) Rice planting: Rice seedlings were transplanted in early June. The planting density was 10,000 holes / mu, with 2 seedlings per hole and a plant spacing of 50cm×60cm. The rice variety was Wuliangyou Yuzhan, which not only provides a hidden molting environment for frogs, but also intercepts uneaten food and purifies the water. (3) Frog release: 20 days after rice seedling transplanting, release healthy juvenile frogs with a size of 7 g / frog, with a release density of 15,000 frogs / mu; disinfect the juvenile frogs by soaking them in 2% saline solution for 10 min before release; the frog species is black-spotted frog; (4) Release snails: 20 days after rice seedling transplanting, select undamaged and healthy snails to release into the rice planting area. The release size is 20g / seed, and the stocking density is 30kg / mu. The snail species is Chinese round snail. (5) Cultivation and breeding management: Fertilization management and water level control for rice, and feeding management for frogs.

[0021] Fertilization management is as follows: Apply organic fertilizer once 14 days before rice transplanting, with an application rate of 250 kg / mu. Spray microbial inoculants once during the tillering stage and once during the booting stage. The application method is to spray evenly over the entire field, with an application rate of 2 L / mu. After that, rely on frog excrement to provide nutrients and no further fertilization is required.

[0022] The microbial agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 7 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 10 parts of Bacillus colloidis, 5 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 6 parts of Bacillus laterosporus brevis, and 9 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.

[0023] Water level control is as follows: the water depth on the field surface is 5 cm during the rice greening stage and 15 cm during the tillering to maturity stage; the field is lightly dried in the later stage of tillering until the surface cracks slightly, and water is kept in the ring ditch and field ditch during this period, during which frogs can rest in the ring ditch and field ditch; a 24-hour uninterrupted water flow mode is adopted, and the water flow rate is adjusted according to the growth stage of the frogs: 0.2 m³ / h from 1 to 14 days, 0.4 m³ / h from 15 to 35 days, and 0.6 m³ / h after 36 days.

[0024] Feeding management is as follows: Feed frogs with special formulated feed every day. For the first 30 days, the feeding amount is 3% of the frog's body weight. After 30 days, the feeding amount is adjusted to 2% of the frog's body weight. Feeding is only done in the feeding area, and leftover feed is cleaned up regularly.

[0025] (6) Harvesting: Harvest rice, frogs and snails.

[0026] Example 2 A rice-frog-snail farming method based on ecological niche zoning includes the following steps: (1) Ecological niche zoning of paddy fields: Feeding area, habitat area, transition buffer zone and rice planting area are set up sequentially from the water inlet to the water outlet of the paddy field; the feeding area and habitat area account for 8% of the total area of ​​the paddy field, and no rice is planted in these areas; the transition buffer zone accounts for 7% of the total area of ​​the paddy field, and rice is planted in these areas; the rice planting area accounts for 85% of the total area of ​​the paddy field (see Figure 1 ); The feeding area is 10 cm above the field surface and is located near the water inlet. The area facing the habitat is set to be no more than 30 cm. 。The slope is designed to facilitate frogs climbing up to forage. The bottom of the slope is covered with nylon cloth to prevent feed loss and to facilitate the removal of uneaten food. The nylon cloth is buried in the soil around the edges to enhance stability. The feeding area is also equipped with insect-attracting lamps, one lamp every 20 meters. By combining live bait attraction with light-attracting insects, feeding acclimatization can be gradually completed. The habitat and feeding area are connected by a walkway to facilitate frog movement. A floating frog mat, covering 30% of the habitat area, is laid within the walkway for frogs to rest and molt. A 0.5 m wide and 0.2 m deep ring ditch is dug around the frog mat to provide space for the frogs to escape the heat and cold, molt, and move at night. The ring ditch connects to the field ditches, forming a water network, maintaining a water depth of 20 cm and ensuring clear water quality. A first drainage outlet is located at a corner opposite the water inlet in the habitat area, from which water flows into the transition buffer zone and rice planting area. The water inlet is located in the feeding area, and the drainage outlet is diagonally opposite the habitat area, creating a water flow guide to promote the directional flow of uneaten food and feces to other areas. A 2 m high netted fruit and vegetable rack is erected above the feeding area, habitat area, and transition buffer zone to reduce light intensity and predator threats. A 60 cm high polyethylene escape-proof net is installed around the feeding area, habitat area, and transition buffer zone, with the bottom of the net buried 5 cm in the soil. The transition buffer zone is connected to the habitat area, and the rice planting area is connected to the transition buffer zone. A second drainage outlet is provided at the end of the rice planting area away from the transition buffer zone, and water is discharged outside the rice field through the second drainage outlet. (2) Rice planting: Rice seedlings were transplanted in early May, with a planting density of 0.9 million holes / mu, one plant per hole, and a plant spacing of 50 cm × 60 cm; the rice variety was Wuliangyou Yuzhan, which provides a hiding environment for frogs to molt, and can also intercept uneaten food and purify the water. (3) Frog release: 15 days after rice seedling transplanting, release healthy juvenile frogs with a size of 7 g / frog, with a release density of 15,000 frogs / mu; disinfect the juvenile frogs by soaking them in 1% saline solution for 5 minutes before releasing; the frog species is black-spotted frog; (4) Release snails: 15 days after rice seedling transplanting, select undamaged and healthy snails to release into the rice planting area. The release size is 15 g / seed, and the stocking density is 25 kg / mu. The snail species is Chinese round snail. (5) Cultivation and breeding management: Fertilization management and water level control for rice, and feeding management for frogs.

[0027] Fertilization management is as follows: apply organic fertilizer once 10 days before rice transplanting, with an application rate of 200 kg / mu. Spray microbial inoculants once during the tillering stage and once during the booting stage. The application method is to spray evenly across the entire field, with an application rate of 1 L / mu. After that, rely on frog excrement to provide nutrients and no further fertilization is required.

[0028] The microbial agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part Bacillus subtilis, 5 parts Bacillus colloidis, 1 part Bacillus licheniformis, 3 parts Bacillus laterosporus brevis, and 1 part Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.

[0029] Water level control is as follows: the water depth on the field surface is 3 cm during the rice greening stage and 10 cm during the tillering to maturity stage; the field is lightly dried in the later stage of tillering until the field surface is slightly cracked, and water is kept in the ring ditch and field ditch during this period, so that the frogs can rest in the ring ditch and field ditch during the drying period; a 24-hour uninterrupted water flow mode is adopted, and the water flow rate is adjusted according to the frog growth stage: 0.1 m³ / h from 1 to 14 days, 0.2 m³ / h from 15 to 35 days, and 0.4 m³ / h after 36 days.

[0030] Feeding management is as follows: Feed frogs with special formulated feed every day. For the first 30 days, the feeding amount is 2% of the frog's body weight. After 30 days, the feeding amount is adjusted to 1% of the frog's body weight. Feeding is only done in the feeding area, and leftover feed is cleaned up regularly.

[0031] (6) Harvesting: Harvest rice, frogs and snails.

[0032] Comparative Example 1: The feeding area and habitat area were not separated and were combined into one area. Other farming methods were the same as in Example 2. That is, the ecological niche zoning of the paddy field in step (1) was as follows: a feeding habitat area, a transition buffer zone, and a rice planting area were set up sequentially from the water inlet to the water outlet of the paddy field; the feeding habitat area accounted for 8% of the total area of ​​the paddy field, and no rice was planted in the area; the transition buffer zone accounted for 7% of the total area of ​​the paddy field, and rice was planted in the area; the rice planting area accounted for 85% of the total area of ​​the paddy field. The feeding and habitat area is located near the water inlet. Its bottom is covered with nylon cloth to prevent feed loss and facilitate the removal of uneaten food. The nylon cloth is buried in the soil around the edges to enhance stability. The feeding area is also equipped with insect-attracting lamps, one lamp is set up every 20 m. By combining live bait attraction with light attraction, feeding acclimatization can be gradually completed. A first drainage outlet is located at one corner opposite the water inlet in the feeding habitat area. Water flows from the first drainage outlet into the transition buffer zone and the rice planting area. The drainage outlets are located diagonally, forming a water flow guide to promote the directional flow of uneaten feed and feces to other areas. A 2-meter-high netted fruit and vegetable rack is erected above the feeding habitat area and the transition buffer zone to reduce light intensity and predator threats. A 60-centimeter-high polyethylene escape-proof net is set around the feeding habitat area and the transition buffer zone, with the bottom of the net buried 5 centimeters in the soil. The transition buffer zone is connected to the feeding and habitat area, and the rice planting area is connected to the transition buffer zone. A second drainage outlet is provided at the end of the rice planting area away from the transition buffer zone, through which water is discharged outside the rice field.

[0033] Comparative Example 2: No transition buffer zone was set up, and other planting and breeding methods were the same as in Example 2. That is, the ecological niche zoning of the paddy field in step (1) was as follows: feeding area, habitat area and rice planting area were set up in sequence from the water inlet end to the water outlet end of the paddy field; the feeding area and habitat area accounted for 8% of the total area of ​​the paddy field, and no rice was planted in the area; the rice planting area accounted for 92% of the total area of ​​the paddy field; The feeding area is 10 cm above the field surface and is located near the water inlet. The area facing the habitat is set to be no more than 30 cm. 。 The slope is designed to facilitate frogs climbing up to forage. The bottom of the slope is covered with nylon cloth to prevent feed loss and to facilitate the removal of uneaten food. The nylon cloth is buried in the soil around the edges to enhance stability. The feeding area is also equipped with insect-attracting lamps, one lamp every 20 meters. By combining live bait attraction with light-attracting insects, feeding acclimatization can be gradually completed. The habitat and feeding area are connected by a walkway to facilitate frog movement. A floating frog mat, covering 30% of the habitat area, is laid within the walkway for frogs to rest and molt. A 0.5 m wide and 0.2 m deep ring ditch is dug around the frog mat to provide shelter from the heat and cold, molt, and provide space for nighttime activity. The ring ditch connects to the field ditches, forming a water network, maintaining a water depth of 20 cm and ensuring clear water quality. A first drainage outlet is located at a corner opposite the water inlet in the habitat area, through which water flows into the rice planting area. The water inlet is located in the feeding area, and the drainage outlet is diagonally opposite the habitat area, creating a water flow guide to promote the directional flow of uneaten food and feces to other areas. A 2 m high netted fruit and vegetable rack is erected above the feeding and habitat areas to reduce light intensity and predator threats. A 60 cm high polyethylene escape-proof net is installed around the feeding and habitat areas, with the bottom of the net buried 5 cm in the soil. The rice planting area is connected to the habitat area. A second drainage outlet is provided at the end of the rice planting area away from the habitat area, through which water is discharged outside the rice field.

[0034] Comparative Example 3: This is a traditional method where frogs and snails are raised together in the same paddy field without zoning. Other farming methods are the same as in Example 2.

[0035] Comparative Example 4: No microbial inoculants were used; other cultivation methods were the same as in Example 2.

[0036] Effect test: The experiment was conducted in 2025 at the Dapoling base in Jiman Village, Anchui Township, Rongshui Miao Autonomous County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The basic soil properties at the experimental site were: organic matter 23.11 g / kg, total nitrogen 1.98 g / kg, available nitrogen 127.8 mg / kg, available phosphorus 46.9 mg / kg, available potassium 78.3 mg / kg, and pH 6.2. The experiment consisted of six treatments, representing the planting and rearing methods of Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-4. Each treatment covered an area of ​​1 mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), with three replicates. Rice was harvested on October 25th, frogs on October 28th, and snails on October 30th. The results are shown in Table 1. At the rice maturity stage, the total phosphorus content of the water discharged from the inlet and the second outlet was measured. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0037] Table 1. Yields of rice, frogs, and snails in each group Table 2 Total phosphorus content of water from the inlet and the second outlet of each group Table 1 shows that in this invention (Example 1 and Example 2), rice, frogs, and snails grow simultaneously, producing 500-520 kg of organic rice per mu, and 38-400 kg of commercial frogs and 85-91 kg of snails, resulting in high overall output value. Data from Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 show that when the feeding area and habitat area are not separated, high-concentration sewage will be directly discharged into the transition buffer zone, leading to water quality deterioration, poor growth environment for frogs and snails, and reduced yield. Data from Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 show that without a transition buffer zone, a large number of frogs directly enter the paddy field, damaging rice plants and eating snails, resulting in a decrease in both rice and snail yields. Data from Example 2 and Comparative Example 3 show that without zoning, frogs and snails are placed in the same paddy field for mixed farming. Under mixed farming conditions, frogs prey on juvenile snails, damaging rice plants, and excessive snail reproduction competes with rice for nutrients. This not only fails to achieve mutualistic symbiosis between species but also causes ecological imbalance in the paddy field, restricting rice yield and affecting the yields of frogs and snails. Data from Example 2 and Comparative Example 4 show that without the use of microbial agents, rice yield is poor, but the impact on frog and snail yields is minimal.

[0038] Table 2 shows that the present invention (Examples 1 and 2) achieves in-situ purification of residual feed and excrement in the paddy field through niche zoning. The difference between the total phosphorus content in the drainage and the total phosphorus content at the inlet is very small, and no non-point source pollution occurs, meeting environmental protection requirements. In contrast, the total phosphorus content in the drainage of Comparative Examples 1-3 is significantly increased, posing a greater risk of non-point source pollution. Therefore, the rice-frog-snail farming method based on niche zoning of the present invention rationally utilizes different ecological niches through zoning, ensuring the growth needs of each species, while achieving self-purification of the paddy field ecosystem, thus balancing yield and ecological benefits. Furthermore, Comparative Example 4 demonstrates that the use of microbial agents has little impact on the total phosphorus content.

[0039] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the invention is for illustrative and explanatory purposes. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and it will be apparent that many changes and variations can be made in accordance with the foregoing teachings. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical application, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to implement and utilize various different exemplary embodiments of the invention, as well as various different choices and variations. The scope of the invention is intended to be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A rice-frog-snail farming method based on niche zoning, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Ecological niche zoning of paddy fields: Feeding area, habitat area, transition buffer zone and rice planting area are set up in sequence from the water inlet end to the water outlet end of the paddy field; the feeding area and habitat area account for 8-10% of the total area of ​​the paddy field, and no rice is planted in the area; the transition buffer zone accounts for 5-10% of the total area of ​​the paddy field, and rice is planted in the area; the rice planting area accounts for 80-85% of the total area of ​​the paddy field. The feeding area is 10-15 cm above the field surface and is located near the water inlet. The area facing the habitat should not exceed 30 cm. 。 The slope, the bottom of which is covered with nylon cloth; The habitat area and feeding area are connected by a walkway, and floating frog mats covering 30% to 50% of the habitat area are laid in the walkway. A ring ditch 0.5 to 1m wide and 0.2 to 0.5m deep is dug around the frog mat. The ring ditch is connected to the field ditch to form a water network, maintaining a water depth of 20 to 50cm and clear water quality. A first drainage outlet is set at one corner of the habitat area opposite the water inlet, and water flows from the first drainage outlet into the transition buffer zone and rice planting area. The transition buffer zone is connected to the habitat area, and the rice planting area is connected to the transition buffer zone. A second drainage outlet is provided at the end of the rice planting area away from the transition buffer zone, and water is discharged outside the rice field through the second drainage outlet. (2) Planting rice: Transplant rice seedlings from early May to early June. The planting density is 0.9-10,000 holes / mu, with 1-2 seedlings per hole and a plant spacing of 50cm×60cm. (3) Frog release: 15 to 20 days after rice seedling transplanting, release healthy juvenile frogs weighing 7 g or more, with a stocking density of 12,000 to 18,000 frogs per mu; (4) Releasing snails: 15-20 days after rice seedling transplanting, select undamaged and healthy snails to release into the rice planting area. The release size is 15-20g / snail, and the stocking density is 25-30kg / mu. (5) Cultivation and breeding management: Fertilization management and water level control for rice, and feeding management for frogs.

2. The rice-frog-snail farming method based on niche zoning according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the feeding area is also equipped with insect-attracting lamps, with one lamp set up every 20 to 50 meters.

3. The rice-frog-snail farming method based on niche zoning according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), a 2-2.5 m high netted fruit and vegetable rack is erected above the feeding area, habitat area and transition buffer zone, and a 60-80 cm high polyethylene anti-escape net is set around the feeding area, habitat area and transition buffer zone, with the bottom of the net buried in the soil 5-10 cm deep.

4. The rice-frog-snail farming method based on niche zoning according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rice variety is Wuliangyou Yuzhan or Zhongzheyou 8; the frog variety is Black-spotted Frog; and the snail variety is Chinese Round Snail.

5. The rice-frog-snail farming method based on niche zoning according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the tadpoles are disinfected by soaking in 1% to 2% saline solution for 5 to 10 minutes before being released.

6. The rice-frog-snail farming method based on niche zoning according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (5), the fertilization management is as follows: apply organic fertilizer once 10 to 14 days before rice transplanting, with an application rate of 200 to 250 kg / mu. Spray microbial agents once during the tillering stage and the booting stage, respectively. The application method is to spray evenly across the entire field, with an application rate of 1 to 2 liters / mu. After that, rely on frog excrement to provide nutrients and no further fertilization is required.

7. A rice-frog-snail farming method based on niche zoning according to claim 6, characterized in that, The microbial agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-7 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 5-10 parts of Bacillus jellyoidis, 1-5 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 3-6 parts of Bacillus laterosporus brevis, and 1-9 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.

8. The rice-frog-snail farming method based on niche zoning according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (5), the water level is controlled as follows: the water depth on the field surface is 3-5 cm during the rice greening stage and 10-15 cm during the tillering stage to maturity stage; the field is lightly dried in the later stage of tillering until the field surface is slightly cracked, and water is kept in the ring ditch and field ditch during this period; a 24-hour uninterrupted water flow mode is adopted, and the water flow rate is adjusted according to the growth stage of the frog: 0.1-0.2 m³ / h for 1-14 days, 0.2-0.4 m³ / h for 15-35 days, and 0.4-0.6 m³ / h after 36 days.

9. A rice-frog-snail farming method based on niche zoning according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (5), the feeding management is as follows: feed frog-specific compound feed every day. The feeding amount is 2% to 3% of the frog's body weight for the first 30 days, and the feeding amount is adjusted to 1% to 2% of the frog's body weight after 30 days. Feeding is only done in the feeding area, and leftover feed is cleaned up regularly.

Images