Feed additive, its preparation method and application

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of feed additives, and discloses a feed additive, its preparation method, and its application. The feed additive contains bile acids, taurine, silymarin, glucose oxidase, vitamin E, tea polyphenols, choline, lysophospholipids, and excipients. The preparation method includes the following steps: mixing bile acids, taurine, silymarin, glucose oxidase, vitamin E, tea polyphenols, choline, lysophospholipids, and excipients. This feed additive can significantly improve the efficiency of fat metabolism, the body's antioxidant capacity, and the intestinal barrier protection of aquatic animals, achieving dual protection for the liver, gallbladder, and intestines.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of feed additive technology, specifically to a feed additive, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, in pursuit of higher growth rates and lower feed costs, high-fat, high-energy feeds have been widely used in aquaculture. However, this farming model has also brought serious health challenges, especially hepatobiliary problems in aquatic animals, such as fatty liver, liver fibrosis, and liver damage, collectively known as "hepatobiliary syndrome." The main manifestations include: 1. Lipid metabolism disorders: High-fat feeds lead to excessive accumulation of fat in the liver and abdominal cavity, causing fatty liver, reducing growth performance and feed utilization; 2. Oxidative stress damage: The use of high-energy feeds and oxidized oils leads to an increase in free radicals in the body, accumulation of lipid peroxidation products (such as MDA), and damage to hepatocyte structure and function; 3. Impaired liver function: Elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, and abnormal indicators such as total bilirubin (TBil), reflecting a decline in liver detoxification and metabolic capacity; 4. Intestinal barrier damage and gut-hepatic axis disorder: Increased intestinal permeability and endotoxin translocation exacerbate the liver load, forming a vicious cycle of liver-gut damage.

[0003] Existing technologies have reported on the application of bile acid and taurine combinations, silymarin as a single component, choline as a single component, and lysophospholipids as a single component in aquatic feed. However, these existing technologies have limitations in terms of single-function application. For example, while the bile acid + taurine combination can promote lipid metabolism, its antioxidant, hepatocyte repair, and hepatic lipid transport capabilities are limited; while silymarin can protect the liver and provide antioxidant benefits, its effects on promoting lipid metabolism and emulsification absorption are not significant; choline and lysophospholipids are mostly used alone and have not formed a systematic synergistic effect with liver-protective, antioxidant, and intestinal-protective components.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a feed additive that can effectively prevent and alleviate hepatobiliary syndrome caused by high-fat and high-energy feeds and promote the growth of aquatic animals. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the problems of single function, incomplete combination effect and poor synergy in the existing technology, and to provide a feed additive, its preparation method and application. This additive can effectively prevent and alleviate hepatobiliary syndrome caused by high-fat and high-energy feed and promote the growth of aquatic animals.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the first aspect of the present invention provides a feed additive containing bile acids, taurine, silymarin, glucose oxidase, vitamin E, tea polyphenols, choline and lysophospholipids.

[0007] Preferably, the mass ratio of the bile acid to the lysophospholipid is 2-6:1.

[0008] Preferably, the mass ratio of glucose oxidase, taurine and lysophospholipid is 0.2-0.8:3-7:1.

[0009] Preferably, relative to 100 parts by weight of the feed additive, the amount of bile acid is 10-25 parts by weight, the amount of taurine is 15-25 parts by weight, the amount of silymarin is 0.2-5 parts by weight, the amount of glucose oxidase is 1-4 parts by weight, the amount of vitamin E is 0.2-4 parts by weight, the amount of tea polyphenols is 0.5-2 parts by weight, the amount of choline is 8-18 parts by weight, and the amount of lysophospholipid is 1-10 parts by weight.

[0010] Preferably, relative to 100 parts of the feed additive, the amount of bile acid is 18-22 parts by weight, the amount of taurine is 18-22 parts by weight, the amount of silymarin is 0.5-2.5 parts by weight, the amount of glucose oxidase is 1.5-2.5 parts by weight, the amount of vitamin E is 0.5-2.5 parts by weight, the amount of tea polyphenols is 0.8-1.2 parts by weight, the amount of choline is 10-15 parts by weight, and the amount of lysophospholipid is 3-8 parts by weight.

[0011] Preferably, the feed additive also contains excipients.

[0012] Preferably, the excipient is selected from at least one of trehalose, sodium citrate and maltodextrin.

[0013] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a feed additive, comprising the following steps: mixing bile acids, taurine, silymarin, glucose oxidase, vitamin E, tea polyphenols, choline and lysophospholipids.

[0014] Preferably, the mass ratio of the bile acid to the lysophospholipid is 2-6:1.

[0015] Preferably, the mass ratio of glucose oxidase, taurine and lysophospholipid is 0.2-0.8:3-7:1.

[0016] Preferably, relative to 100 parts by weight of the feed additive, the amount of bile acid is 10-25 parts by weight, the amount of taurine is 15-25 parts by weight, the amount of silymarin is 0.2-5 parts by weight, the amount of glucose oxidase is 1-4 parts by weight, the amount of vitamin E is 0.2-4 parts by weight, the amount of tea polyphenols is 0.5-2 parts by weight, the amount of choline is 8-18 parts by weight, and the amount of lysophospholipid is 1-10 parts by weight.

[0017] Preferably, relative to 100 parts of the feed additive, the amount of bile acid is 18-22 parts by weight, the amount of taurine is 18-22 parts by weight, the amount of silymarin is 0.5-2.5 parts by weight, the amount of glucose oxidase is 1.5-2.5 parts by weight, the amount of vitamin E is 0.5-2.5 parts by weight, the amount of tea polyphenols is 0.8-1.2 parts by weight, the amount of choline is 10-15 parts by weight, and the amount of lysophospholipid is 3-8 parts by weight.

[0018] Preferably, the preparation method further includes: mixing the mixture obtained by mixing I and the excipients II.

[0019] Preferably, the excipient is selected from at least one of trehalose, sodium citrate and maltodextrin.

[0020] The third aspect of this invention provides the application of the feed additives described in the first aspect and / or the feed additives obtained by the preparation method described in the second aspect in aquatic animal feed.

[0021] Preferably, the aquatic animals are largemouth bass, mandarin fish, grass carp, tilapia, crucian carp, and common carp.

[0022] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides an aquatic animal feed, wherein the animal feed contains the feed additives described in the first aspect and / or the feed additives obtained by the preparation method described in the second aspect.

[0023] Preferably, the content of the feed additive is 0.03-0.4 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the aquatic animal feed, and more preferably 0.05-0.2 parts by weight.

[0024] Through the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The feed additive provided by the present invention can systematically improve the lipid metabolism efficiency of aquatic animals, significantly enhance the body's antioxidant capacity and liver function, and maintain the intestinal microecology and barrier integrity through the multi-synergistic effect between bile acids, taurine, silymarin, glucose oxidase, vitamin E, tea polyphenols, choline and lysophospholipids, thereby achieving dual protection of the liver, gallbladder and intestines of aquatic animals and promoting healthy aquaculture. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 The image shows the finished product of the feed additive prepared in Example 1-1 of this invention after packaging. Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the appearance of the finished feed additive obtained in Example 1-1 placed in a glass container. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges and individual point values, and individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.

[0027] The first aspect of the present invention provides a feed additive containing bile acids, taurine, silymarin, glucose oxidase, vitamin E, tea polyphenols, choline and lysophospholipids.

[0028] During their research, the inventors of this invention unexpectedly discovered that feed additives, through the synergistic effects of bile acids, taurine, silymarin, glucose oxidase, vitamin E, tea polyphenols, choline, and lysophospholipids, can systematically improve the lipid metabolism and liver lipid transport efficiency of aquatic animals, significantly enhance the body's antioxidant capacity and liver function, and maintain the intestinal microecology and barrier integrity, thereby achieving dual protection for the liver, gallbladder, and intestines of aquatic animals and promoting healthy aquaculture.

[0029] The feed additive of this invention contains bile acids, taurine, silymarin, glucose oxidase, vitamin E, tea polyphenols, choline, and lysophospholipids, which work synergistically to enhance overall efficacy. Bile acids and taurine, as core components of liver lipid metabolism, combined with choline and lysophospholipids, comprehensively block abnormal liver fat deposition. Lysophospholipids efficiently emulsify fat. Choline, as a methyl donor in the liver, is a core component for the normal assembly and secretion of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Through VLDL mediation, it accelerates liver lipid transport, thereby reducing intrahepatic fat accumulation. Simultaneously, the water-lipid bidirectional antioxidant system formed by silymarin, vitamin E, and tea polyphenols significantly enhances antioxidant enzyme activity. Silymarin protects hepatocyte membranes, inhibits inflammation, and promotes hepatocyte regeneration; vitamin E protects lipid cell membranes; and tea polyphenols scavenge free radicals in the aqueous phase. These three components work synergistically to stabilize hepatocyte structure and function. Glucose oxidase inhibits harmful bacteria and synergistically reduces endotoxins and liver toxin load, achieving a protective effect against intestinal hepatotoxicity.

[0030] In this invention, preferably, the mass ratio of bile acids to lysophospholipids is 2-6:1, which can be 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, or any value between the two aforementioned values. The inventors have found that, under this preferred embodiment, lysophospholipids can further improve the utilization efficiency of fat in feed by enhancing the emulsification effect of bile acids on fat, thereby improving the fat metabolism and liver lipid transport efficiency of aquatic animals and enhancing liver function.

[0031] According to the present invention, preferably, the mass ratio of glucose oxidase, taurine, and lysophospholipid is 0.2-0.8:3-7:1. The inventors have found that, in this preferred embodiment, taurine promotes the absorption and transport of fat by lysophospholipid, while glucose oxidase activates the body's antioxidant activity, reduces fat peroxidation, alleviates liver toxin load, and lysophospholipid repairs the intestinal mucosa. Through the synergistic effect of glucose oxidase, taurine, and lysophospholipid within a specific mass ratio range, the antioxidant capacity and intestinal health of aquatic animals can be further improved.

[0032] According to the present invention, preferably, based on 100 parts by weight of the feed additive, the amount of bile acid is 10-25 parts by weight, which can be 10 parts by weight, 12 parts by weight, 14 parts by weight, 16 parts by weight, 18 parts by weight, 22 parts by weight, 25 parts by weight, or any value between the two aforementioned values; the amount of taurine is 15-25 parts by weight, which can be 15 parts by weight, 17 parts by weight, 19 parts by weight, 21 parts by weight, 22 parts by weight, 25 parts by weight, or any value between the two aforementioned values; the amount of silymarin is 0.2-5 parts by weight, which can be 0.2 parts by weight, 0.5 parts by weight, 1 part by weight, 3 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight, or any value between the two aforementioned values; the amount of glucose oxidase is 1-4 parts by weight, which can be 1 part by weight, 2 parts by weight, 4 parts by weight, or any value between the two aforementioned values. The amount of vitamin E used is 0.2-4 parts by weight, which can be 0.2 parts by weight, 1 part by weight, 2 parts by weight, 4 parts by weight, or any value between the two aforementioned values; the amount of tea polyphenols used is 0.5-2 parts by weight, which can be 0.5 parts by weight, 0.7 parts by weight, 0.8 parts by weight, 0.9 parts by weight, 1 part by weight, 1.2 parts by weight, 1.4 parts by weight, 1.6 parts by weight, 1.8 parts by weight, 2 parts by weight, or any value between the two aforementioned values; the amount of choline used is 8-18 parts by weight, which can be 8 parts by weight, 11 parts by weight, 12 parts by weight, 13 parts by weight, 14 parts by weight, 18 parts by weight, or any value between the two aforementioned values; the amount of lysophospholipids used is 1-10 parts by weight, which can be 1 part by weight, 4 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight, 6 parts by weight, 7 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight, or any value between the two aforementioned values. The inventors discovered that, under this preferred embodiment, the synergistic effect between the raw materials within the above-mentioned specific dosage range can achieve emulsification and detoxification, liver lipid transport, repair and regeneration, anti-oxidation, and intestinal protection, effectively preventing and alleviating hepatobiliary syndrome caused by high-fat and high-energy feed, thereby promoting the growth of aquatic animals.

[0033] According to the present invention, in order to further promote the dual protection of the liver, gallbladder and intestines of aquatic animals, preferably, based on 100 parts by weight of the feed additive, the amount of bile acid is 18-22 parts by weight, the amount of taurine is 18-22 parts by weight, the amount of silymarin is 0.5-2.5 parts by weight, the amount of glucose oxidase is 1.5-2.5 parts by weight, the amount of vitamin E is 0.5-2.5 parts by weight, the amount of tea polyphenols is 0.8-1.2 parts by weight, the amount of choline is 10-15 parts by weight, and the amount of lysophospholipid is 3-8 parts by weight.

[0034] In this invention, in order to further improve the stability of the feed additive, improve the fat metabolism efficiency of aquatic animals, and provide dual protection for the liver, gallbladder, and intestines of aquatic animals, the feed additive preferably also contains excipients.

[0035] According to the present invention, in order to further improve the stability of feed additives, improve the efficiency of fat metabolism in aquatic animals, and provide dual protection for the liver, gallbladder, and intestines of aquatic animals, the excipients are preferably selected from at least one of trehalose, sodium citrate, and maltodextrin.

[0036] In this invention, the excipients can be one or more. To further improve the stability of the active ingredients in the feed additives, optimize their uniform dispersion in the feed, and enhance their digestibility and absorption efficiency in animals, the excipients are preferably trehalose, sodium citrate, and maltodextrin. There is no particular limitation on the ratio of trehalose, sodium citrate, and maltodextrin. Preferably, the mass ratio of trehalose, sodium citrate, and maltodextrin is 0.1-0.5:0.01-0.05:1.

[0037] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a feed additive, comprising the following steps: mixing bile acids, taurine, silymarin, glucose oxidase, vitamin E, tea polyphenols, choline and lysophospholipids.

[0038] In this invention, in order to further improve the efficiency of fat metabolism and liver lipid transport in aquatic animals, preferably, the mass ratio of bile acids to lysophospholipids is 2-6:1.

[0039] According to the present invention, in order to further improve the antioxidant capacity and intestinal health of aquatic animals, preferably, the mass ratio of glucose oxidase, taurine and lysophospholipid is 0.2-0.8:3-7:1.

[0040] According to the present invention, in order to further improve the fat metabolism efficiency, antioxidant capacity and intestinal health of aquatic animals, preferably, based on 100 parts by weight of the feed additive, the amount of bile acid is 10-25 parts by weight, the amount of taurine is 15-25 parts by weight, the amount of silymarin is 0.2-5 parts by weight, the amount of glucose oxidase is 1-4 parts by weight, the amount of vitamin E is 0.2-4 parts by weight, the amount of tea polyphenols is 0.5-2 parts by weight, the amount of choline is 8-18 parts by weight, and the amount of lysophospholipid is 1-10 parts by weight.

[0041] According to the present invention, in order to further improve the fat metabolism efficiency, antioxidant capacity and intestinal health of aquatic animals, preferably, based on 100 parts by weight of the feed additive, the amount of bile acid is 18-22 parts by weight, the amount of taurine is 18-22 parts by weight, the amount of silymarin is 0.5-2.5 parts by weight, the amount of glucose oxidase is 1.5-2.5 parts by weight, the amount of vitamin E is 0.5-2.5 parts by weight, the amount of tea polyphenols is 0.8-1.2 parts by weight, the amount of choline is 10-15 parts by weight, and the amount of lysophospholipid is 3-8 parts by weight.

[0042] According to the present invention, in order to further improve the stability of feed additives, improve the fat metabolism efficiency of aquatic animals, and provide dual protection for the liver, gallbladder and intestines of aquatic animals, it is preferable to mix the mixture obtained by mixing I and the excipients in mixing II.

[0043] According to the present invention, in order to further improve the stability of feed additives and promote dual protection of the liver, gallbladder and intestines of aquatic animals, preferably, the excipients are selected from at least one of trehalose, sodium citrate and maltodextrin.

[0044] For example, the preparation process of the feed additive includes: premixing bile acids, taurine, silymarin, glucose oxidase, vitamin E, tea polyphenols, choline and lysophospholipids with trehalose and sodium citrate, and then mixing them with maltodextrin.

[0045] The third aspect of this invention provides the application of the feed additives described in the first aspect and / or the feed additives obtained by the preparation method described in the second aspect in aquatic animal feed.

[0046] According to the present invention, the aquatic animals are preferably largemouth bass, mandarin fish, grass carp, tilapia, crucian carp and carp.

[0047] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides an aquatic animal feed, wherein the animal feed contains the feed additives described in the first aspect and / or the feed additives obtained by the preparation method described in the second aspect.

[0048] According to the present invention, preferably, based on 100 parts by weight of the aquatic animal feed, the content of the feed additive is 0.03-0.4 parts by weight, which can be 0.03 parts by weight, 0.04 parts by weight, 0.06 parts by weight, 0.1 parts by weight, 0.2 parts by weight, 0.4 parts by weight, or any value between the aforementioned two values. More preferably, the content of the feed additive is 0.05-0.2 parts by weight.

[0049] According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing a feed additive is provided, comprising the following steps: (1) Mix bile acids, taurine, silymarin, glucose oxidase, vitamin E, tea polyphenols, choline and lysophospholipids together. (2) Mix the mixture obtained by mixing I with the excipients in mixing II; the excipients are trehalose, sodium citrate and maltodextrin; The mass ratio of bile acids to lysophospholipids is 2-6:1; the mass ratio of glucose oxidase, taurine, and lysophospholipids is 0.2-0.8:3-7:1. Based on 100 parts by weight of feed additives, the following amounts are used: bile acids 18-22 parts by weight, taurine 18-22 parts by weight, silymarin 0.5-2.5 parts by weight, glucose oxidase 1.5-2.5 parts by weight, vitamin E 0.5-2.5 parts by weight, tea polyphenols 0.8-1.2 parts by weight, choline 10-15 parts by weight, lysophospholipids 3-8 parts by weight, with the remainder being excipients.

[0050] The feed additive prepared through the above-mentioned preferred embodiments can systematically improve the lipid metabolism and liver lipid transport efficiency of aquatic animals, significantly enhance the body's antioxidant capacity and liver function, and maintain the intestinal microecology and barrier integrity, thereby achieving dual protection of the liver, gallbladder and intestines of aquatic animals and promoting healthy aquaculture.

[0051] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0052] In the following examples and comparative examples, bile acids were purchased from Fujian Nanfeng Biotechnology Co., Ltd., product type VIII (Hepatobiliary Star); taurine was purchased from Qianjiang Yong'an Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; silymarin (55% silymarin content) was purchased from Panjin Tianyuan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; glucose oxidase was purchased from Shandong Longkete Enzyme Preparation Co., Ltd.; vitamin E (50% vitamin E content) was purchased from Zhejiang Tianhecheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; tea polyphenols were purchased from Anhui Hongxing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; choline was purchased from Jinan Asia Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; lysophospholipids were purchased from Xi'an Bingo Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.; trehalose was purchased from Zhejiang Yinuo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; sodium citrate was purchased from Zhejiang Yinuo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; and maltodextrin was purchased from Zhejiang Yinuo Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Fish meal was Peruvian fish meal; soybean protein concentrate and soybean meal were produced by Fujian Changde Protein Technology Co., Ltd. Unless otherwise specified, all other raw materials were commercially available products.

[0053] Example 1-1 (1) Prepare bile acids, taurine, silymarin, glucose oxidase, vitamin E, tea polyphenols, choline, lysophospholipids, trehalose, sodium citrate and maltodextrin respectively; (2) The preparation method for every 100g of feed additive is as follows: Take 20g of bile acid, 20g of taurine, 2g of silymarin (55%), 2g of glucose oxidase, 2g of vitamin E (50%), 1g of tea polyphenols, 12g of choline, 5g of lysophospholipids, 8g of trehalose, and 0.5g of sodium citrate from step (1), and mix them evenly for 10 minutes; then add maltodextrin to a total weight of 100g, put it into a multi-dimensional mixer and mix thoroughly for 15 minutes, then pass it through an 80-100 mesh sieve, package it for later use, see details. Figure 1 A photograph of the feed additive prepared in Example 1-1 poured into a petri dish; see details below. Figure 2 .

[0054] Examples 1-2 (1) Prepare bile acids, taurine, silymarin, glucose oxidase, vitamin E, tea polyphenols, choline, lysophospholipids, trehalose, sodium citrate and maltodextrin respectively; (2) The preparation method of each 100g feed additive is as follows: Take 18g bile acid, 22g taurine, 1.5g silymarin (55%), 2.5g glucose oxidase, 1.5g vitamin E (50%), 1.2g tea polyphenols, 10g choline, 8g lysophospholipids, 8g trehalose and 0.5g sodium citrate from step (1), mix evenly for 10 minutes; then add maltodextrin to a total weight of 100g, put it into a multi-dimensional mixer and mix thoroughly for 15 minutes, then pass it through an 80-100 mesh sieve and package it for later use.

[0055] Examples 1-3 (1) Prepare bile acids, taurine, silymarin, glucose oxidase, vitamin E, tea polyphenols, choline, lysophospholipids, trehalose, sodium citrate and maltodextrin respectively; (2) The preparation method of each 100g feed additive is as follows: Take 22g bile acid, 18g taurine, 2.5g silymarin (55%), 1.5g glucose oxidase, 2.5g vitamin E (50%), 0.8g tea polyphenols, 15g choline, 3g lysophospholipids, 8g trehalose and 0.5g sodium citrate from step (1), mix evenly for 10 minutes; then add maltodextrin to a total weight of 100g, put it into a multi-dimensional mixer and mix thoroughly for 15 minutes, then pass it through an 80-100 mesh sieve and package it for later use.

[0056] Examples 1-4 (1) Prepare bile acids, taurine, silymarin, glucose oxidase, vitamin E, tea polyphenols, choline, lysophospholipids, trehalose, sodium citrate and maltodextrin respectively; (2) The preparation method of each 100g feed additive is as follows: Take 18g bile acid, 18g taurine, 2g silymarin (55%), 1g glucose oxidase, 2g vitamin E (50%), 1g tea polyphenols, 12g choline, 6g lysophospholipids, 8g trehalose and 0.5g sodium citrate from step (1), mix evenly for 10 minutes; then add maltodextrin to a total weight of 100g, put it into a multi-dimensional mixer and mix thoroughly for 15 minutes, then pass it through an 80-100 mesh sieve and package it for later use.

[0057] Examples 1-5 (1) Prepare bile acids, taurine, silymarin, glucose oxidase, vitamin E, tea polyphenols, choline, lysophospholipids, trehalose, sodium citrate and maltodextrin respectively; 2) The preparation method of each 100g feed additive is as follows: Take 18g bile acid, 21g taurine, 1.1g silymarin (55%), 1.5g glucose oxidase, 1g vitamin E (50%), 1g tea polyphenols, 12g choline, 3g lysophospholipids, 8g trehalose and 0.5g sodium citrate from step (1), mix evenly for 10 minutes; then add maltodextrin to a total weight of 100g, put it into a multi-dimensional mixer and mix thoroughly for 15 minutes, then pass it through an 80-100 mesh sieve and package it for later use.

[0058] Examples 1-6 The feed additive was prepared according to the method of Example 1-1, except that in step (1), the amount of bile acid was replaced with 30g and the amount of lysophospholipid was replaced with 3g.

[0059] Examples 1-7 The feed additive was prepared according to the method of Example 1-1, except that in step (1), the amount of glucose oxidase was replaced with 6g, the amount of bile acid was replaced with 4g, and the amount of lysophospholipid was replaced with 3g.

[0060] Example 2-1 Animal feed was obtained by mixing high-fat feed with the feed additive prepared in Example 1-1. Based on 100 parts by weight of animal feed, the amount of feed additive was 0.1 parts by weight.

[0061] The high-fat feed consists of the following components per 100 parts by weight: 50 parts by weight of fishmeal, 13 parts by weight of soybean protein concentrate, 10 parts by weight of soybean meal, 7 parts by weight of wheat starch, 7 parts by weight of fish oil, 7 parts by weight of soybean oil, 0.75 parts by weight of vitamin premix, 0.75 parts by weight of mineral premix, 0.2 parts by weight of vitamin C, 1.5 parts by weight of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 part by weight of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 1.8 parts by weight of microcrystalline cellulose. The crude fat content is 18.19 parts by weight, and the crude protein content is 46.91 parts by weight.

[0062] The vitamin premix (per kilogram of feed) contains: VA 8,000,000 IU, VD 2,000,000 IU, VE 5,000 IU, VK 1,000 mg, VB1 1,500 mg, VB2 1,500 mg, VB6 800 mg, and VB... 12 20 mg, nicotinamide 400 mg, calcium pantothenate 25 mg, folic acid 25 mg, biotin 8 mg, inositol 100 mg. Mineral premix (per kg feed): MnSO4·H2O 50 mg, KI 100 mg, CoCl2 (1%) 100 mg, CuSO4·5H2O 20 mg, FeSO4·H2O 260 mg, ZnSO4·H2O 150 mg, Na2SeO3 (1%) 50 mg.

[0063] Example 2-2 Animal feed was prepared according to the method of Example 2-1, except that the amount of feed additive was replaced with 0.05 parts by weight.

[0064] Example 2-3 Animal feed was prepared according to the method of Example 2-1, except that the amount of feed additive was replaced with 0.2 parts by weight.

[0065] Examples 2-4 Animal feed was prepared according to the method of Example 2-1, except that the feed additive was replaced with the feed additive prepared in Example 1-2.

[0066] Examples 2-5 Animal feed was prepared according to the method of Example 2-1, except that the feed additive was replaced with the feed additive prepared in Example 1-3.

[0067] Examples 2-6 Animal feed was prepared according to the method of Example 2-1, except that the feed additive was replaced with the feed additive prepared in Example 1-4.

[0068] Examples 2-7 Animal feed was prepared according to the method of Example 2-1, except that the feed additive was replaced with the feed additive prepared in Example 1-5.

[0069] Examples 2-8 Animal feed was prepared according to the method of Example 2-1, except that the feed additive was replaced with the feed additive prepared in Example 1-6.

[0070] Examples 2-9 Animal feed was prepared according to the method of Example 2-1, except that the feed additive was replaced with the feed additive prepared in Example 1-7.

[0071] Comparative Example 1 The additive was prepared according to the method of Example 1-1, except that in step (2), the amount of raw materials was replaced with: only 0.03% bile acid, and the rest was made up with high-fat feed to make up the total mass.

[0072] Comparative Example 2 The additive was prepared according to the method of Example 1-1, except that in step (2), the amount of raw materials was replaced with: only 0.02% silymarin, and the rest was made up with high-fat feed to make up the total mass.

[0073] Comparative Example 3 The additive was prepared according to the method of Example 1-1, except that in step (2), the amount of raw materials was replaced with: only 0.6% choline, and the rest was made up with high-fat feed to make up the total mass.

[0074] Comparative Example 4 The additive was prepared according to the method of Example 1-1, except that in step (2), the amount of raw materials was replaced with: only 0.1% lysophospholipids, and the rest was made up with high-fat feed to make up the total mass.

[0075] Comparative Example 5 The additive was prepared according to the method of Example 1-1, except that in step (2), the amount of raw materials was replaced with: only 0.03% bile acid and 0.1% lysophospholipid, and the rest was made up with high-fat feed to make up the total mass.

[0076] Comparative Example 6 The additive was prepared according to the method of Example 1-1, except that in step (2), the amount of raw materials was replaced with: only 0.03% bile acid, 0.5% taurine and 0.6% choline, and the rest was made up with high-fat feed to make up the total mass.

[0077] Comparative Example 7 The additive was prepared according to the method of Example 1-1, except that in step (2), the amount of raw materials was replaced with: only 0.03% bile acid and 0.02% silymarin, and the rest was made up with high-fat feed to make up the total mass.

[0078] Comparative Example 8 The additive was prepared according to the method of Example 1-1, except that in step (2), the amount of raw materials was replaced with: only 0.02% silymarin, 0.02% vitamin E and 0.01% tea polyphenols, and the rest was made up with high-fat feed to make up the total mass.

[0079] Comparative Example 9 The additive was prepared according to the method of Example 1-1, except that in step (2), the amount of raw materials was replaced with: only 0.02% glucose oxidase, 0.5% taurine and 0.1% lysophospholipid, and the rest was made up with high-fat feed to make up the total mass.

[0080] Comparative Example 10 The additive was prepared according to the method of Example 1-1, except that in step (2), the amount of raw materials was replaced with: only bile acids were not included, and the other components and contents were the same.

[0081] Comparative Example 11 The additive was prepared according to the method of Example 1-1, except that in step (2), the amount of raw materials was replaced with: only taurine was not included, and the other components and contents were the same.

[0082] Comparative Example 12 The additive was prepared according to the method of Example 1-1, except that in step (2), the amount of raw materials was replaced with: only silymarin was not included, and the other components and contents were the same.

[0083] Comparative Example 13 The additive was prepared according to the method of Example 1-1, except that in step (2), the amount of raw materials was replaced with: only glucose oxidase was not included, and the other components and contents were the same.

[0084] Comparative Example 14 The additive was prepared according to the method of Example 1-1, except that in step (2), the amount of raw materials was replaced with: only vitamin E was not included, and the other components and contents were the same.

[0085] Comparative Example 15 The additive was prepared according to the method of Example 1-1, except that in step (2), the amount of raw materials was replaced with: only tea polyphenols were not included, and the other components and contents were the same.

[0086] Comparative Example 16 The additive was prepared according to the method of Example 1-1, except that in step (2), the amount of raw materials was replaced with: only choline was not included, and the other components and contents were the same.

[0087] Comparative Example 17 The additive was prepared according to the method of Example 1-1, except that in step (2), the amount of raw materials was replaced with: only lysophospholipids were not included, and the other components and contents were the same.

[0088] Test Example 1 1.1 Laboratory Animals and Feeding Methods Experimental animals: Healthy largemouth bass with an initial average weight of (15±0.5) g; Aquaculture system: Factory-style recirculating aquaculture (high-density) system, with a culture cycle of 56 days, constant water temperature of 25–28℃, dissolved oxygen ≥6mg / L (pure oxygen aeration), ammonia nitrogen ≤0.2mg / L, nitrite ≤0.05mg / L, daily water replenishment of 5%-10%, daily sludge suction / bottom discharge, and removal of uneaten feed and feces.

[0089] Feeding management: Feed twice a day.

[0090] 1.2 Grouping Settings: The data was randomly divided into 26 groups, with 3 replicates per treatment and 50 tails per replicate. Specifically, the data was divided into: Blank control group: Largemouth bass were fed only with basal feed; Model control group: Largemouth bass were fed only a high-fat diet; Comparative groups: Largemouth bass were fed diets containing comparatives 1-17, specifically designated as comparative groups 1-17.

[0091] Example group: The products of Examples 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4, 2-5, 2-6 and 2-7 of the present invention, respectively containing 0.1 parts by weight, 0.05 parts by weight and 0.2 parts by weight of the feed additive prepared in Example 1-1, and 0.1 parts by weight of the feed additive prepared in Examples 1-2, 0.1 parts by weight of Examples 1-3, 0.1 parts by weight of Examples 1-4, 0.1 parts by weight of Examples 1-5, 0.1 parts by weight of Examples 1-6 and 0.1 parts by weight of Examples 1-7, which can be respectively set as Example 2-1 group to Example 2-9 group.

[0092] The basic feed composition is as follows: based on 100 parts by weight of feed, the following components are used: 50 parts by weight of fishmeal, 13 parts by weight of soybean protein concentrate, 10 parts by weight of soybean meal, 7 parts by weight of wheat starch, 3 parts by weight of fish oil, 3 parts by weight of soybean oil, 0.75 parts by weight of vitamin premix, 0.75 parts by weight of mineral premix, 0.2 parts by weight of vitamin C, 1.5 parts by weight of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 part by weight of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 9.8 parts by weight of microcrystalline cellulose. The crude fat content is 10.31 parts by weight, and the crude protein content is 46.87 parts by weight.

[0093] 1.3 Effects on the growth performance of largemouth bass The initial body weight (IBW, g) and final body weight (FBW, g) of largemouth bass before and after rearing were recorded, and the weight gain rate (WGR, %), specific growth rate (SGR, % / d), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated. The results are shown in Table 1. Compared with the control group, the final average weight, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate of largemouth bass were significantly improved (P<0.05), while the feed conversion ratio was significantly reduced (P<0.05). Among them, Example 2-1 showed the highest final average weight, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate, and the lowest feed conversion ratio. The results indicate that the compound additive of the present invention has a significant effect on improving the growth performance of largemouth bass.

[0094] Table 1

[0095] Note: Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05). 1.4 Effects on serum biochemical parameters of largemouth bass Blood samples were collected from 26 groups of largemouth bass, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) were measured. The results are shown in Table 2. Compared with the control group, ALT, AST, TG, and TC in largemouth bass were significantly reduced. Among them, Example 2-1 showed the best effect. The results indicate that the compound additive of the present invention has the effect of significantly improving liver metabolism and regulating liver function in largemouth bass.

[0096] Table 2

[0097] Note: Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05). 1.5 Effects on liver oxidation capacity of largemouth bass Liver tissues were collected from 26 groups of largemouth bass, and the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. The results are shown in Table 3. Compared with the control group, the levels of SOD and GSH-Px in largemouth bass were significantly increased, while the level of MDA was significantly decreased. Among them, Example 2-1 showed the best effect. The results indicate that the compound additive of the present invention can significantly enhance the antioxidant capacity of the liver of largemouth bass.

[0098] Table 3

[0099] Note: Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05). 1.6 Effect on liver lipid content of largemouth bass Liver tissues were collected from 26 groups of largemouth bass, and liver TG and TC were measured. The results are shown in Table 4. Compared with the control group, the liver TG and TC of largemouth bass were significantly reduced. Among them, Example 2-1 showed the best effect. The results indicate that the compound additive of the present invention can significantly enhance the efficiency of lipid transport and lipid metabolism in the liver of largemouth bass and promote liver function repair.

[0100] Table 4

[0101] Note: Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05). 1.7 Effects on intestinal protective indicators of largemouth bass Intestinal tissues were collected from 26 groups of largemouth bass, and the relative expression levels of D-lactic acid (D-Lac), DAO (diamine oxidase), and tight junction protein-1 (ZO-1 relative expression level) were measured. The results are shown in Table 5. Compared with the control group, the D-Lac and DAO levels in largemouth bass were significantly reduced, while the relative expression level of ZO-1 was significantly increased. Among them, Example 2-1 showed the best effect. The results indicate that the compound additive of the present invention can protect the intestinal barrier, reduce liver damage, and protect hepatocytes.

[0102] Table 5

[0103] Note: Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05). Test Example 2 2.1 Laboratory Animals and Feeding Methods Experimental animals: Healthy mandarin fish, with an initial average weight of (12±0.5) g; Aquaculture system: Factory-style recirculating aquaculture (high-density) system, with a 40-day aquaculture cycle, constant water temperature of 25–28℃, dissolved oxygen ≥7mg / L (pure oxygen), ammonia nitrogen ≤0.1mg / L, nitrite ≤0.05mg / L, daily water replenishment of 5%-10%, daily sludge suction / bottom discharge, and removal of uneaten feed and feces.

[0104] Feeding management: Feed twice a day.

[0105] 2.2 Grouping Settings: The data is randomly divided into 2 groups, with 3 replicates per treatment and 30 tails per replicate. Specifically: Model control group: Largemouth bass were fed only a high-fat diet; Example group: The product of Example 2-1 of the present invention contains 0.1 parts by weight of the feed additive prepared in Example 1-1, and can be set as Example 2-1 group.

[0106] In the model control group, a high-fat feed was prepared according to the method in Example 2-1, except that the feed consisted of 45% fish meal, 15% soybean meal, 6% fish oil, 4% soybean oil, 16% crude fat, 48% crude protein, and 16% fat content.

[0107] 2.3 Effects on the growth performance of mandarin fish By recording the initial body weight (IBW, g) and final body weight (FBW, g) of mandarin fish before and after culture, the weight gain rate (WGR, %), specific growth rate (SGR, % / d), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated. The results are shown in Table 6. Compared with the control group, the final average weight, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate of mandarin fish in Example 2-1 were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the feed conversion ratio was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The results indicate that the compound additive of the present invention has a significant effect on improving the growth performance of mandarin fish.

[0108] Table 6

[0109] Note: Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05). 2.4 Effects on serum biochemical parameters of mandarin fish Blood samples were collected from mandarin fish, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) were measured. The results are shown in Table 7. Compared with the control group, the ALT, AST, TG, and TC levels in the mandarin fish from Example 2-1 were significantly reduced. The results indicate that the compound additive of the present invention has a significant effect on improving the serum biochemical indicators of largemouth bass.

[0110] Table 7

[0111] Note: Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05). 2.5 Effects on the hepatic oxidative capacity of mandarin fish The liver tissue of mandarin fish was collected, and the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. The results are shown in Table 8. Compared with the control group, the levels of SOD and GSH-Px in mandarin fish in Example 2-1 were significantly increased, while the levels of MDA were significantly decreased. The results indicate that the compound additive of the present invention has a significant effect on improving the liver oxidation capacity of largemouth bass.

[0112] Table 8

[0113] Note: Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05). 2.6 Effect on the hepatic lipid content of mandarin fish Liver tissue was collected from mandarin fish, and liver TG and TC were measured. The results are shown in Table 9. Compared with the control group, the liver TG and TC of mandarin fish in Example 2-1 were significantly higher. The total cholesterol (TC) in the liver was significantly reduced, indicating that the compound additive of the present invention has a significant effect on improving the lipid content in the liver of largemouth bass.

[0114] Table 9

[0115] Note: Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05). 2.7 Effects on intestinal protective indicators of mandarin fish By collecting intestinal tissue from mandarin fish, the relative expression levels of D-lactic acid (D-Lac), DAO (diamine oxidase), and tight junction protein-1 (ZO-1 relative expression level) were measured. The results are shown in Table 10. Compared with the control group, the D-Lac and DAO levels in mandarin fish were significantly reduced, while the relative expression level of ZO-1 was significantly increased. The results indicate that the compound additive of the present invention has a significant effect on improving the intestinal protection indicators of largemouth bass.

[0116] Table 10

[0117] Note: Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05). Test Example 3 3.1 Laboratory Animals and Feeding Methods Experimental animals: Healthy grass carp, with an initial average weight of (25±0.5) g; Aquaculture system: Factory-style recirculating aquaculture (high-density) system, with a breeding cycle of 60 days, water temperature of 25-28℃, dissolved oxygen of 5-7mg / L, ammonia nitrogen ≤0.2mg / L, nitrite ≤0.05mg / L, daily water replenishment of 5%-10%, daily sludge suction / bottom discharge, and removal of uneaten feed and feces.

[0118] Feeding management: Feed twice a day.

[0119] 3.2 Grouping Settings: The data is randomly divided into 2 groups, with 3 replicates per treatment and 50 tails per replicate. Specifically: Model control group: Grass carp were fed only a high-fat diet; Example group: The product of Example 2-1 of the present invention contains 0.1 parts by weight of the feed additive prepared in Example 1-1, and can be set as Example 2-1 group.

[0120] In the model control group, a high-fat feed was prepared according to the method in Example 2-1, consisting of 5 parts fishmeal, 15 parts soybean protein concentrate, 43 parts soybean meal, 18.5 parts wheat starch, 2 parts fish oil, 3.5 parts soybean oil, 0.75 parts vitamin premix, 0.75 parts mineral premix, 0.2 parts vitamin C, 1.5 parts calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 part sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 1.8 parts microcrystalline cellulose, and 7 parts wheat bran. The feed contained 31.98% crude protein and 8.14% crude fat.

[0121] 3.3 Effects on the growth performance of grass carp The initial body weight (IBW, g) and final body weight (FBW, g) of grass carp before and after culture were recorded respectively, and the weight gain rate (WGR, %), specific growth rate (SGR, % / d) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated. The results are shown in Table 11. Compared with the control group, the final average weight, weight gain rate and specific growth rate of grass carp in Example 2-1 were significantly improved (P<0.05), and the feed conversion ratio was significantly reduced (P<0.05). The results show that the compound additive of the present invention has a significant effect on improving the growth performance of grass carp.

[0122] Table 11

[0123] Note: Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05). 3.4 Effects on serum biochemical parameters of grass carp Blood samples were collected from grass carp, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) were measured. The results are shown in Table 12. Compared with the control group, the ALT, AST, TG, and TC levels in grass carp from Example 2-1 were significantly reduced. The results indicate that the compound additive of the present invention has a significant effect on improving the serum biochemical indicators of grass carp. Table 12

[0124] Note: Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05). 3.5 Effects on the hepatic oxidative capacity of grass carp Liver tissue was collected from grass carp, and the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. The results are shown in Table 13. Compared with the control group, the levels of SOD and GSH-Px in grass carp in Example 2-1 were significantly increased, while the level of MDA was significantly decreased. The results indicate that the compound additive of the present invention has a significant effect on improving the oxidative capacity of grass carp liver. Table 13

[0125] Note: Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05). 3.6 Effect on liver lipid content of grass carp The liver tissue of grass carp was collected, and the liver TG and TC were measured. The results are shown in Table 14. Compared with the control group, the liver TG and TC of grass carp in Example 2-1 were significantly reduced. The results show that the compound additive of the present invention has a significant effect on improving the lipid content of grass carp liver.

[0126] Table 14

[0127] Note: Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05). 3.7 Effects on intestinal protective indicators of grass carp By collecting intestinal tissue from grass carp, the relative expression levels of D-lactic acid (D-Lac), DAO (diamine oxidase), and tight junction protein-1 (ZO-1) were measured. The results are shown in Table 15. Compared with the control group, the expression levels of D-Lac and DAO in grass carp were significantly decreased, while the relative expression level of ZO-1 was significantly increased. The results indicate that the compound additive of the present invention has a significant effect on improving intestinal protective indicators in grass carp. Table 15

[0128] Note: Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05). The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above; however, the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the inventive concept, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable manner. These simple modifications and combinations should also be considered as the content disclosed in the present invention and are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed additive, characterized in that, The feed additive contains bile acids, taurine, silymarin, glucose oxidase, vitamin E, tea polyphenols, choline, and lysophospholipids.

2. The feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the bile acid to the lysophospholipid is 2-6:1; Preferably, the mass ratio of glucose oxidase, taurine and lysophospholipid is 0.2-0.8:3-7:

1.

3. The feed additive according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Relative to 100 parts by weight of the feed additive, the amount of bile acid is 10-25 parts by weight, the amount of taurine is 15-25 parts by weight, the amount of silymarin is 0.2-5 parts by weight, the amount of glucose oxidase is 1-4 parts by weight, the amount of vitamin E is 0.2-4 parts by weight, the amount of tea polyphenols is 0.5-2 parts by weight, the amount of choline is 8-18 parts by weight, and the amount of lysophospholipid is 1-10 parts by weight. Preferably, relative to 100 parts of the feed additive, the amount of bile acid is 18-22 parts by weight, the amount of taurine is 18-22 parts by weight, the amount of silymarin is 0.5-2.5 parts by weight, the amount of glucose oxidase is 1.5-2.5 parts by weight, the amount of vitamin E is 0.5-2.5 parts by weight, the amount of tea polyphenols is 0.8-1.2 parts by weight, the amount of choline is 10-15 parts by weight, and the amount of lysophospholipid is 3-8 parts by weight.

4. The feed additive according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The feed additive also contains excipients; Preferably, the excipient is selected from at least one of trehalose, sodium citrate and maltodextrin.

5. A method for preparing a feed additive, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Mix bile acids, taurine, silymarin, glucose oxidase, vitamin E, tea polyphenols, choline, and lysophospholipids.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the bile acid to the lysophospholipid is 2-6:1; Preferably, the mass ratio of glucose oxidase, taurine and lysophospholipid is 0.2-0.8:3-7:1; Preferably, relative to 100 parts by weight of the feed additive, the amount of bile acid is 10-25 parts by weight, the amount of taurine is 15-25 parts by weight, the amount of silymarin is 0.2-5 parts by weight, the amount of glucose oxidase is 1-4 parts by weight, the amount of vitamin E is 0.2-4 parts by weight, the amount of tea polyphenols is 0.5-2 parts by weight, the amount of choline is 8-18 parts by weight, and the amount of lysophospholipid is 1-10 parts by weight. Preferably, relative to 100 parts of the feed additive, the amount of bile acid is 18-22 parts by weight, the amount of taurine is 18-22 parts by weight, the amount of silymarin is 0.5-2.5 parts by weight, the amount of glucose oxidase is 1.5-2.5 parts by weight, the amount of vitamin E is 0.5-2.5 parts by weight, the amount of tea polyphenols is 0.8-1.2 parts by weight, the amount of choline is 10-15 parts by weight, and the amount of lysophospholipid is 3-8 parts by weight.

7. The preparation method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The preparation method further includes: mixing the mixture obtained by mixing I and the excipients in a second process; Preferably, the excipient is selected from at least one of trehalose, sodium citrate and maltodextrin.

8. The use of the feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and / or the feed additive obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 5 to 7 in aquatic animal feed.

9. A type of aquatic animal feed, characterized in that, The aquatic animal feed contains the feed additives according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and / or the feed additives obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 5 to 7.

10. The aquatic animal feed according to claim 9, characterized in that, The content of the feed additive is 0.03-0.4 parts by weight, preferably 0.05-0.2 parts by weight, relative to 100 parts by weight of the aquatic animal feed.

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