An antioxidant compound feed for cattle rich in plant active polyphenols and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a compound feed for cattle rich in plant-based active polyphenols and its preparation method. The method includes: mixing tea polyphenols, grape seed extract, and citrus peel extract with yeast cell wall powder and porous starch for adsorption and granulation to obtain polyphenol core particles; coating the inner layer with sodium alginate, pectin, and chitosan, and then coating the outer layer with hydrogenated soybean oil and soybean lecithin to obtain coated polyphenol particles; mixing these with red clover extract, mulberry leaf extract, citrus peel extract, apple pomace powder, and montmorillonite to prepare a premix, which is then added to a basic feed to form a compound feed. This invention, by constructing a synergistic two-phase release system of coated polyphenols and free plant extracts, can improve the stability, antioxidant activity, and post-release utilization effect of plant-based active polyphenols, while also exhibiting good processing adaptability and comprehensive application performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of compound feed technology, and in particular to an antioxidant compound feed for cattle rich in plant active polyphenols and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing intensive farming of dairy and beef cattle, high-temperature environments, high-concentrate diets, increased metabolic load during the peripartum period, and factors such as transportation and regrouping can easily induce oxidative stress in the body, thereby affecting feed intake, production performance, immune status, and product quality. To alleviate these problems, current technologies typically add vitamin E, trace element selenium, synthetic antioxidants, or plant extracts to cattle feed to improve the antioxidant capacity of the feed and the animal itself. Among these, plant extracts, containing active polyphenolic components such as tea polyphenols, proanthocyanidins, flavonoids, and isoflavones, have certain natural antioxidant and physiological regulatory effects and are increasingly being applied in the field of ruminant nutrition regulation.

[0003] However, existing plant-based antioxidant feeds or additives for cattle still have shortcomings: On the one hand, current solutions mostly use single plant extracts or direct mixtures of multiple extracts, resulting in dispersed sources of active ingredients, insufficient stability, and significant differences in the degradation rates of different polyphenols in the rumen, easily leading to low utilization rates of effective ingredients; on the other hand, existing technologies mostly focus on the addition of plant extracts themselves, rarely considering the synergistic relationship between rumen fermentation regulation and post-rumen absorption and utilization, and lacking a systematic design for the differentiated combination and phased release of plant active polyphenols. Furthermore, high-polyphenol raw materials may also suffer from palatability bias and insufficient processing stability. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method for preparing a compound antioxidant feed for cattle that is rich in plant active polyphenols and possesses both processing stability and biphasic release characteristics. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the above problems, this invention proposes a compound feed for cattle rich in plant-based active polyphenols and its preparation method.

[0005] This invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for preparing a compound feed for cattle rich in plant-based active polyphenols includes the following steps:

[0007] S1. Weigh out 8-15 parts of tea polyphenols, 10-20 parts of grape seed extract, 3-8 parts of citrus peel extract, 6-12 parts of yeast cell wall powder, and 8-15 parts of porous starch by weight, mix them evenly, and then perform adsorption granulation to obtain polyphenol core material particles; wherein, tea polyphenols, grape seed extract, and citrus peel extract are used as coated polyphenol components, and yeast cell wall powder and porous starch are used as core material carriers.

[0008] S2. The polyphenol core material particles are coated with sodium alginate, pectin and chitosan and dried to obtain inner coated particles; then hydrogenated soybean oil and soybean lecithin are used to coat the inner coated particles with outer coating to obtain coated polyphenol particles.

[0009] S3. By weight, mix the coated polyphenol granules with 12-18 parts of red clover extract, 4-10 parts of mulberry leaf extract, 2-6 parts of citrus peel extract, 3-8 parts of apple pomace powder, and 2-6 parts of montmorillonite to obtain a plant-based active polyphenol antioxidant premix. Then, add the plant-based active polyphenol antioxidant premix to the basic feed at 0.5%-2.0% of the total mass of the cattle antioxidant compound feed and mix well to obtain a cattle antioxidant compound feed rich in plant-based active polyphenols.

[0010] Preferably, the adsorption granulation uses an ethanol aqueous solution with a volume fraction of 40%-60% as the wetting medium, is stirred at 20-35℃ for 20-40 min, granulated, and dried at 40-55℃ for 1-3 h.

[0011] Preferably, the polyphenol core material particles have a particle size of 0.2-1.5 mm and a moisture content of 5%-10% after drying.

[0012] Preferably, the mass fractions of sodium alginate, pectin, and chitosan are: 3-6 parts sodium alginate, 2-5 parts pectin, and 1-3 parts chitosan.

[0013] Preferably, the drying temperature of the inner coating is 40-55℃ and the drying time is 1-2 hours; the drying temperature of the outer coating is 55-70℃ and the coating time is 10-30 minutes.

[0014] Preferably, the total amount of hydrogenated soybean oil and soybean lecithin used as the outer coating material is 6-10 parts and 1-3 parts, respectively.

[0015] Preferably, the basic feed includes two or more of the following: corn, soybean meal, wheat bran, alfalfa meal, corn silage, mineral premix, and vitamin premix.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0017] This invention constructs a coated polyphenol component using tea polyphenols, grape seed extract, and some citrus peel extract, and a free plant extract component using red clover extract, mulberry leaf extract, and some citrus peel extract. The two types of components synergistically form a biphasic release system, enabling the differentiated release of plant-active polyphenols in the pre- and post-rumen environments. This avoids premature loss of active ingredients in the rumen while balancing pre-release regulation and sustained post-release utilization. Furthermore, this invention uses yeast cell wall powder and porous starch as core carriers, with an inner coating formed by sodium alginate, pectin, and chitosan, and an outer coating formed by hydrogenated soybean oil and soybean lecithin, creating a double-layer protective structure. This structure not only enhances the stability of plant-active polyphenols during processing and in simulated rumen environments but also increases the post-release ratio, achieving a better balance between total polyphenol retention, antioxidant activity, and release behavior. Meanwhile, the present invention uses specific plant active polyphenol sources and their division of labor and combination, thereby avoiding the problems of insufficient front-end function due to complete coating and insufficient utilization of the back-end due to no coating at all, demonstrating obvious structural design advantages and functional synergy advantages. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The following provides a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention: These embodiments are implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, and provide detailed implementation methods and processes. However, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. Experimental methods in the following embodiments that do not specify specific conditions are generally performed under conventional conditions.

[0019] Example 1: A method for preparing a compound feed for cattle rich in plant-based active polyphenols, comprising the following steps:

[0020] S1. Weigh out 8 parts of tea polyphenols, 10 parts of grape seed extract, 3 parts of citrus peel extract, 6 parts of yeast cell wall powder, and 8 parts of porous starch by weight. Mix them evenly, use a 40% ethanol aqueous solution as the wetting medium, stir at 20℃ for 40 min, granulate, and dry at 40℃ for 3 h to obtain polyphenol core material particles (particle size 0.2 mm, moisture content 5%).

[0021] S2. Weigh out 3 parts sodium alginate, 2 parts pectin and 1 part chitosan by mass to coat the polyphenol core material particles with the inner layer, and dry them at 40℃ for 2 hours to obtain inner-coated particles; then use 6 parts hydrogenated soybean oil and 1 part soybean lecithin to coat the inner-coated particles with the outer layer at 55℃ for 30 minutes to obtain coated polyphenol particles.

[0022] S3. By weight, the above-mentioned coated polyphenol granules are mixed evenly with 12 parts of red clover extract, 4 parts of mulberry leaf extract, 2 parts of citrus peel extract, 3 parts of apple pomace powder and 6 parts of montmorillonite to prepare a plant-active polyphenol antioxidant premix; then, the plant-active polyphenol antioxidant premix is ​​added to the basic feed (corn and soybean meal) at 0.5% of the total mass of the cattle antioxidant compound feed and mixed evenly to obtain a cattle antioxidant compound feed rich in plant-active polyphenols.

[0023] Example 2: A method for preparing a compound feed for cattle rich in plant-based active polyphenols, comprising the following steps:

[0024] S1. Weigh out 11.5 parts by weight of tea polyphenols, 15 parts by weight of grape seed extract, 5.5 parts by weight of citrus peel extract, 9 parts by weight of yeast cell wall powder, and 11.5 parts by weight of porous starch. Mix them evenly, use a 50% ethanol aqueous solution as the wetting medium, stir at 25°C for 30 min, granulate, and dry at 45°C for 2 h to obtain polyphenol core material particles (particle size 0.85 mm, moisture content 8%).

[0025] S2. Weigh out 4.5 parts sodium alginate, 3.5 parts pectin and 2 parts chitosan by weight to coat the polyphenol core material particles with the inner layer, and dry them at 45℃ for 1.5h to obtain inner-coated particles; then use 8 parts hydrogenated soybean oil and 2 parts soybean lecithin to coat the inner-coated particles with the outer layer at 65℃ for 20min to obtain coated polyphenol particles.

[0026] S3. By weight, the above-mentioned coated polyphenol granules are mixed evenly with 15 parts of red clover extract, 7 parts of mulberry leaf extract, 4 parts of citrus peel extract, 5.5 parts of apple pomace powder and 4 parts of montmorillonite to prepare a plant-active polyphenol antioxidant premix; then, the plant-active polyphenol antioxidant premix is ​​added to the basic feed (corn and soybean meal) at 1.25% of the total mass of the cattle antioxidant compound feed, and mixed evenly to obtain a cattle antioxidant compound feed rich in plant-active polyphenols.

[0027] Example 3: A method for preparing a compound feed for cattle rich in plant-based active polyphenols, comprising the following steps:

[0028] S1. Weigh out 15 parts of tea polyphenols, 20 parts of grape seed extract, 8 parts of citrus peel extract, 12 parts of yeast cell wall powder, and 15 parts of porous starch by weight, mix them evenly, use a 60% ethanol aqueous solution as the wetting medium, stir at 35℃ for 20 min, granulate, and dry at 55℃ for 1 h to obtain polyphenol core material particles (particle size 1.5 mm, moisture content 10%).

[0029] S2. By mass, 6 parts of sodium alginate, 5 parts of pectin and 3 parts of chitosan were weighed to coat the polyphenol core material particles in the inner layer and dried at 55℃ for 1 hour to obtain inner-coated particles; then, 10 parts of hydrogenated soybean oil and 3 parts of soybean lecithin were used to coat the inner-coated particles in the outer layer at 70℃ for 10 minutes to obtain coated polyphenol particles.

[0030] S3. By weight, the above-mentioned coated polyphenol granules are mixed evenly with 18 parts of red clover extract, 10 parts of mulberry leaf extract, 6 parts of citrus peel extract, 8 parts of apple pomace powder and 6 parts of montmorillonite to prepare a plant-active polyphenol antioxidant premix; then, the plant-active polyphenol antioxidant premix is ​​added to the basic feed (corn and soybean meal) at 2.0% of the total mass of the cattle antioxidant compound feed and mixed evenly to obtain a cattle antioxidant compound feed rich in plant-active polyphenols.

[0031] Comparative Example 1: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the inner and outer layers are not coated.

[0032] A method for preparing a compound feed for cattle rich in plant-based active polyphenols includes the following steps:

[0033] S1. Weigh out 8 parts of tea polyphenols, 10 parts of grape seed extract, 3 parts of citrus peel extract, 6 parts of yeast cell wall powder, and 8 parts of porous starch by weight. Mix them evenly, use a 40% ethanol aqueous solution as the wetting medium, stir at 20℃ for 40 min, granulate, and dry at 40℃ for 3 h to obtain polyphenol core material particles (particle size 0.2 mm, moisture content 5%).

[0034] S2. By weight, the above polyphenol core material particles are mixed evenly with 12 parts of red clover extract, 4 parts of mulberry leaf extract, 2 parts of citrus peel extract, 3 parts of apple pomace powder and 6 parts of montmorillonite to prepare plant active polyphenol antioxidant premix; then, the plant active polyphenol antioxidant premix is ​​added to the basic feed (corn and soybean meal) at 0.5% of the total mass of the cattle antioxidant compound feed and mixed evenly to obtain a cattle antioxidant compound feed rich in plant active polyphenols.

[0035] Comparative Example 2: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no outer coating is applied.

[0036] A method for preparing a compound feed for cattle rich in plant-based active polyphenols includes the following steps:

[0037] S1. Weigh out 8 parts of tea polyphenols, 10 parts of grape seed extract, 3 parts of citrus peel extract, 6 parts of yeast cell wall powder, and 8 parts of porous starch by weight. Mix them evenly, use a 40% ethanol aqueous solution as the wetting medium, stir at 20℃ for 40 min, granulate, and dry at 40℃ for 3 h to obtain polyphenol core material particles (particle size 0.2 mm, moisture content 5%).

[0038] S2. Weigh out 3 parts sodium alginate, 2 parts pectin and 1 part chitosan by mass to coat the polyphenol core material particles with the inner layer, and dry them at 40℃ for 2 hours to obtain inner coated particles.

[0039] S3. By weight, the above-mentioned inner-coated granules are mixed evenly with 12 parts of red clover extract, 4 parts of mulberry leaf extract, 2 parts of citrus peel extract, 3 parts of apple pomace powder and 6 parts of montmorillonite to prepare a plant-active polyphenol antioxidant premix; then, the plant-active polyphenol antioxidant premix is ​​added to the basic feed (corn and soybean meal) at 0.5% of the total mass of the cattle antioxidant compound feed and mixed evenly to obtain a cattle antioxidant compound feed rich in plant-active polyphenols.

[0040] Comparative Example 3: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that red clover extract, mulberry leaf extract, and citrus peel extract were added to the coating system together, so that all plant extracts existed in the coated form.

[0041] A method for preparing a compound feed for cattle rich in plant-based active polyphenols includes the following steps:

[0042] S1. Weigh out 8 parts of tea polyphenols, 10 parts of grape seed extract, 3 parts of citrus peel extract, 6 parts of yeast cell wall powder, and 8 parts of porous starch by weight. Mix them evenly, use a 40% ethanol aqueous solution as the wetting medium, stir at 20℃ for 40 min, granulate, and dry at 40℃ for 3 h to obtain polyphenol core material particles (particle size 0.2 mm, moisture content 5%).

[0043] S2. Weigh out 3 parts sodium alginate, 2 parts pectin and 1 part chitosan by mass to coat the polyphenol core material particles with the inner layer, and dry them at 40℃ for 2 hours to obtain inner-coated particles; then use 6 parts hydrogenated soybean oil and 1 part soybean lecithin to coat the inner-coated particles with the outer layer at 55℃ for 30 minutes to obtain coated polyphenol particles.

[0044] S3. By weight, add 12 parts of red clover extract, 4 parts of mulberry leaf extract, and 2 parts of citrus peel extract to the coated polyphenol granules, then mix them evenly with 3 parts of apple pomace powder and 6 parts of montmorillonite to obtain a plant-based active polyphenol antioxidant premix. Then, add the plant-based active polyphenol antioxidant premix to the basic feed (corn and soybean meal) at 0.5% of the total mass of the cattle antioxidant compound feed, mix evenly, and obtain a cattle antioxidant compound feed rich in plant-based active polyphenols.

[0045] Performance testing

[0046] 1. Total polyphenol content

[0047] The determination was carried out in accordance with the GB / T 44349-2024 standard.

[0048] 2 Antioxidant activity

[0049] The determination was carried out in accordance with the GB / T 39100-2020 standard.

[0050] Table 1. Total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of compound feed

[0051] Example 1 18.6 71.8 Example 2 25.7 82.5 Example 3 33.8 90.4 Comparative Example 1 17.9 68.0 Comparative Example 2 18.1 70.2 Comparative Example 3 18.3 69.7

[0052] Table 1 shows that the total polyphenol content of the compound feeds prepared in Examples 1-3 ranged from 18.6 to 33.8 mg / g, and the DPPH scavenging rate ranged from 71.8% to 90.4%. As the amount of plant-based active polyphenols added increased from low to high, the total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of the resulting compound feeds both showed an upward trend, indicating that tea polyphenols, grape seed extract, citrus peel extract, red clover extract, and mulberry leaf extract have good synergistic effects, effectively increasing the loading level of plant-based active polyphenols in the product and enhancing the antioxidant capacity of the compound feed. The total polyphenol content of Comparative Examples 1-3 was 17.9 mg / g, 18.1 mg / g, and 18.3 mg / g, respectively, and the DPPH scavenging rates were 68.0%, 70.2%, and 69.7%, respectively, all lower than that of Example 1.

[0053] 3. In vitro simulated rumen release rate

[0054] Weigh 1.0 g of the compound feed sample, wrap it in a double-layered gauze bag, and place it in a 250 mL stoppered conical flask. Add 150 mL of simulated rumen fluid (pH 6.7) and incubate in a constant temperature shaking water bath at 39 °C for 24 h. After incubation, take the supernatant and determine the total polyphenol content released. At the same time, determine the total polyphenol content of the original sample. Simulated rumen release rate (%) = total polyphenols released in simulated rumen fluid / original total polyphenols of the sample × 100%.

[0055] 4. In vitro post-release rate

[0056] First step: Complete the 24-hour treatment according to the "In vitro simulated rumen release rate determination";

[0057] Second stage: Take the remaining particles, first transfer them to artificial abomasal fluid with pH 2.5, shake at 39℃ for 2 hours, then transfer them to artificial intestinal fluid with pH 6.8, shake at 39℃ for 4 hours;

[0058] The total amount of polyphenols released at each stage was measured separately, and the cumulative release rate was calculated; the release rate at the end stage (%) = (amount released in abomasal juice + amount released in intestinal juice) / original total polyphenols in the sample × 100%.

[0059] Table 2. In vitro simulated rumen release rate and in vitro cumulative release rate of compound feed

[0060] Example 1 43.5 82.4 Example 2 39.2 86.8 Example 3 34.9 89.7 Comparative Example 1 78.6 48.2 Comparative Example 2 57.4 68.5 Comparative Example 3 28.3 73.1

[0061] As shown in Table 2, the in vitro simulated rumen release rates of Examples 1-3 were 43.5%, 39.2%, and 34.9E, respectively, with cumulative release rates at the downstream end of the in vitro process of 82.4%, 86.8%, and 89.7%, respectively. This indicates that the double-layer coating structure, combining an inner layer of sodium alginate / pectin / chitosan coating and an outer layer of hydrogenated soybean oil / soybean lecithin coating, can effectively reduce the premature release of plant active polyphenols in the rumen environment and improve their sustained release capacity in the downstream environment, thereby achieving a better rumen-protective effect.

[0062] Comparative Example 1 showed an in vitro rumen-simulated release rate as high as 78.6%, while the cumulative release rate in the later stages was only 48.2%, indicating that without coating treatment, plant active polyphenols are easily released prematurely in the rumen environment, resulting in a significant reduction in the available components in the later stages. Comparative Example 2 showed an in vitro rumen-simulated release rate of 57.4% and a cumulative release rate in the later stages of in vitro treatment of 68.5%, indicating that single-layer coating is weaker than double-layer coating. Comparative Example 3 showed an in vitro rumen-simulated release rate of 28.3% and a cumulative release rate in the later stages of in vitro treatment of only 73.1%, which was lower than that of Example 1, indicating that preparing all plant extracts into a coated state does not achieve the best overall effect.

[0063] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a compound feed for cattle rich in plant-based active polyphenols and antioxidants, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Weigh out 8-15 parts of tea polyphenols, 10-20 parts of grape seed extract, 3-8 parts of citrus peel extract, 6-12 parts of yeast cell wall powder, and 8-15 parts of porous starch by weight, mix them evenly, and then perform adsorption granulation to obtain polyphenol core material particles; wherein, tea polyphenols, grape seed extract, and citrus peel extract are used as coated polyphenol components, and yeast cell wall powder and porous starch are used as core material carriers. S2. The polyphenol core material particles are coated with sodium alginate, pectin and chitosan and dried to obtain inner coated particles; then hydrogenated soybean oil and soybean lecithin are used to coat the inner coated particles with outer coating to obtain coated polyphenol particles. S3. By weight, mix the coated polyphenol granules with 12-18 parts of red clover extract, 4-10 parts of mulberry leaf extract, 2-6 parts of citrus peel extract, 3-8 parts of apple pomace powder, and 2-6 parts of montmorillonite to obtain a plant-based active polyphenol antioxidant premix. Then, add the plant-based active polyphenol antioxidant premix to the basic feed at 0.5%-2.0% of the total mass of the cattle antioxidant compound feed and mix well to obtain a cattle antioxidant compound feed rich in plant-based active polyphenols.

2. The method for preparing the bovine antioxidant compound feed rich in plant active polyphenols according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adsorption granulation process uses an ethanol aqueous solution with a volume fraction of 40%-60% as the wetting medium. After stirring at 20-35℃ for 20-40 minutes, the granules are granulated and then dried at 40-55℃ for 1-3 hours.

3. The method for preparing the bovine antioxidant compound feed rich in plant active polyphenols according to claim 1, characterized in that, The polyphenol core material particles have a particle size of 0.2-1.5 mm and a moisture content of 5%-10% after drying.

4. The method for preparing the bovine antioxidant compound feed rich in plant active polyphenols according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass fractions of sodium alginate, pectin, and chitosan are: 3-6 parts sodium alginate, 2-5 parts pectin, and 1-3 parts chitosan.

5. The method for preparing the bovine antioxidant compound feed rich in plant active polyphenols according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drying temperature of the inner coating is 40-55℃, and the drying time is 1-2 hours; the drying temperature of the outer coating is 55-70℃, and the coating time is 10-30 minutes.

6. The method for preparing the bovine antioxidant compound feed rich in plant active polyphenols according to claim 1, characterized in that, The total amount of hydrogenated soybean oil and soybean lecithin used as the outer coating material is 6-10 parts and 1-3 parts, respectively.

7. The method for preparing the bovine antioxidant compound feed rich in plant active polyphenols according to claim 1, characterized in that, The basic feed includes two or more of the following: corn, soybean meal, wheat bran, alfalfa meal, corn silage, mineral premix, and vitamin premix.