Head end portion and endoscope having the same

Abstract

This application provides a headpiece and an endoscope. The headpiece includes a headstock, the sidewall of which is recessed inward in a first lateral direction to form a first recess. The first recess includes a first surface facing the first lateral direction and a second surface facing the distal end of the headpiece. The headstock includes an instrument opening at least on the first surface and an observation window and an illumination window disposed on the second surface. The proximal end of the first surface has a second recess recessed inward along the first lateral direction. The second recess includes a clearance surface facing the first lateral direction, the proximal end of which is connected to the second surface. Along the second lateral direction, the clearance surface extends from the edge of the instrument opening toward the outer side of the headstock at least beyond the centerline of the illumination window. The first and second lateral directions are perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the axis of the headpiece. Through the above adjustments, the headstock, which restricts the size of the endoscope, is effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of medical device technology, and more specifically, to a head tip and an endoscope having the head tip. Background Technology

[0002] Endoscopes can enter the human body through natural cavities such as blood vessels, intestines, and trachea to collect optical images and other information for diagnosis. Optical imaging offers high resolution; however, due to the strong light scattering properties of tissues, the imaging depth of electronic endoscopes is limited to within 1 millimeter, making it impossible to accurately detect deep lesions. Ultrasound endoscopy is an endoscopic imaging device that integrates ultrasound and optical imaging technologies to address the lack of depth resolution capabilities in conventional endoscopes.

[0003] The tip of an endoscopic ultrasound system can include a distal ultrasound probe and a proximal camera and instrument channel. Instruments can then be accessed and treated at the lesion site via the instrument channel. As endoscopes become smaller, they can enter the body through natural orifices (such as the nostrils or mouth) or small incisions, reducing trauma to the patient and allowing access to deeper parts of the body. Some endoscopes have diameters of only a few millimeters or even smaller.

[0004] Currently, the size of ultrasound probes located at the distal end of the endoscope is already small enough. The bottleneck limiting further reduction in the size of the endoscope lies at the proximal end, which requires the installation of illumination components, optical components, and instrument channels and exits. Further reduction in the size of the endoscope would improve its insertability and reduce patient discomfort during the examination. Therefore, how to further reduce the size of the endoscope to meet the demand for smaller endoscopes is a technical challenge that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To at least partially address the problems existing in the prior art, one aspect of this application provides a headpiece for an endoscope, including a headpiece base, the sidewall of which is recessed inward in a first lateral direction to form a first recess, the first recess including a first surface facing the first lateral direction and a second surface facing the distal end of the headpiece, the headpiece base including an instrument opening at least on the first surface, and an observation window and an illumination window disposed on the second surface; the proximal end of the first surface has a second recess recessed inward along the first lateral direction, the second recess including a clearance surface facing the first lateral direction, the proximal end of the clearance surface being connected to the second surface; along the second lateral direction, the clearance surface extends at least beyond the centerline of the illumination window from the edge of the instrument opening toward the outside of the headpiece base, the first lateral direction and the second lateral direction being perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the axis of the headpiece.

[0006] For example, there are two lighting windows, which are located on both sides of the observation window along the second lateral direction. The avoidance surface includes a first avoidance surface and a second avoidance surface located on both sides of the instrument opening along the second lateral direction. Along the second lateral direction, the first avoidance surface and the second avoidance surface extend at least to the outside of the center line of the two lighting windows.

[0007] For example, the head end has a maximum outer diameter L, wherein, along the second lateral direction: there is a distance d4 between the outermost edge of the first clearance surface and the outermost edge of the second clearance surface, 0.5L < d4.

[0008] For example, along the second lateral direction: there is a spacing d5 between the two lighting windows, 0.2L < d5 < 0.5L.

[0009] For example, along the second lateral direction and toward the outside of the head end seat, the outer edge of the avoidance surface completely extends beyond the lighting window.

[0010] For example, in the axial direction toward the distal end of the head, the clearance surface extends parallel to the axis of the head end.

[0011] For example, the avoidance surface gradually tilts away from the direction facing the second recess.

[0012] For example, in the second lateral direction, the avoidance surface extends parallel to the second lateral direction.

[0013] For example, the clearance surface extends obliquely or curvedly away from the direction facing the second recess along the direction from the edge of the instrument opening toward the outside of the head seat.

[0014] For example, along the axial direction toward the distal end of the head end, the clearance surface does not extend to the distal end of the instrument opening, such that there is a gap between the clearance surface and the distal end of the instrument opening.

[0015] For example, the first surface includes a base surface located outside the second recess and closer to the distal end of the head end than the second recess, and the distal end of the instrument opening is formed on the base surface.

[0016] Exemplarily, the instrument opening includes: a first edge and a second edge spaced apart along a second lateral direction, a clearance surface extending from at least one of the first edge and the second edge along the second lateral direction toward the outside of the head end seat; a third edge connecting the distal ends of the first edge and the second edge, the third edge being formed on the base surface, the third edge being U-shaped or V-shaped with an opening toward the proximal end of the head end, wherein along the axial direction toward the distal end of the head end, a second recess extends as far as the distal end of at least one of the first edge and the second edge.

[0017] For example, the second recess further includes an inclined surface connecting the avoidance surface and the base surface, wherein the inclined surface extends obliquely toward the direction in which the second recess faces, along an axial direction toward the distal end of the head end.

[0018] For example, at least a portion of the inclined surface and / or at least a portion of the avoidance surface is a diffuse reflective surface.

[0019] For example, the first surface further includes curved surfaces located on both sides of the second recess and the base surface along a second lateral direction, the curved surfaces extending curvedly from the avoidance surface and the base surface in a direction opposite to the first surface.

[0020] For example, along the first lateral direction, there is a minimum distance d1 between the avoidance surface and the base surface, where 0 < d1 ≤ 0.5 mm.

[0021] For example, the proximal end of the instrument opening extends to the second surface.

[0022] For example, along the direction the first surface faces, the lowest point of the avoidance surface is higher than a plane passing through the axis and parallel to the second lateral direction.

[0023] For example, along the first lateral direction, there is a minimum distance d2 between the lighting window and the avoidance surface, 0.2mm≤d2≤0.9mm.

[0024] For example, along the second lateral direction, there is a distance d3 between the lighting window and the observation window, where 0.5mm < d3 < 2mm.

[0025] This application also provides an endoscope including the aforementioned head end.

[0026] The above adjustments effectively reduce the size of the endoscope head without significantly affecting the endoscopic imaging effect. This results in better endoscope insertion, enabling examination and sampling in narrower cavities; and / or, reducing the wound area and alleviating patient discomfort.

[0027] A series of simplified concepts are introduced in the description of the invention, which will be further explained in detail in the detailed description section. This description is not intended to limit the key features and essential technical features of the claimed technical solution, nor is it intended to determine the scope of protection of the claimed technical solution.

[0028] The advantages and features of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0029] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of this application will become more apparent from the more detailed description of the embodiments of this application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of this application and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of this application to explain this application and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals generally represent the same components or steps.

[0030] Figure 1 A perspective view of the distal end of an endoscope according to some embodiments of this application;

[0031] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The image shows a side view of the distal end of the endoscope viewed along the first lateral direction X1-X2.

[0032] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The image shows a side view of the distal end of the endoscope viewed in the second lateral direction YY.

[0033] Figure 4 For along Figure 2 The sectional view obtained by the AA line in the diagram;

[0034] Figure 5 exist Figure 4 It provides a puncture needle that passes through the instrument channel;

[0035] Figure 6 exist Figure 2 It provides a puncture needle that passes through the instrument channel;

[0036] Figure 7 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a portion of region C;

[0037] Figure 8 This is a partial magnified view of an endoscope according to another set of embodiments of this application;

[0038] Figure 9 This is a partial magnified view of an endoscope according to another embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 10 This is a partial magnified view of an endoscope according to yet another embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 11 For along Figure 2 The sectional view obtained by the BB line in the middle;

[0041] Figure 12 for Figure 11 A magnified view of a portion of region D;

[0042] Figure 13A partial magnified view of an endoscope according to another set of embodiments of this application; and

[0043] Figure 14 This is a partial magnified view of an endoscope according to another embodiment of this application.

[0044] The above figures include the following reference numerals:

[0045] 1. Head tip; 2. Bending portion; 10. Head end seat; 20. Ultrasonic probe; 21. Detection surface; 110. First recess; 111. First surface; 1113. Base surface; 1115. Chamfered surface; 1117. Bending surface; 112. Second surface; 1121. Observation window; 1122. Illumination window; 113. Second recess; 1131. Avoidance surface; 1131a. Inner edge; 1131b. Outer edge; 1133. Inclined surface; 120. Instrument opening; 120a. First edge; 120b. Second edge; 120c. Third edge; 200. Instrument channel; 210. Guide surface; 310. Optical element; 320. Wire harness channel; 400. Puncture needle. Detailed Implementation

[0046] In the following description, numerous details are provided to enable a thorough understanding of this application. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the following description merely illustrates preferred embodiments of the application by way of example only. Furthermore, to avoid confusion with this application, some technical features well-known in the art have not been described in detail.

[0047] An endoscope typically includes a long, narrow insertion section that enters the body. Along its proximal-to-distal direction, the insertion section may include a graduated insertion tube, a flexible section that allows for directional movement, and a rigid tip for providing diagnostic feedback. The tip may integrate illumination, optical imaging, ultrasound imaging, and instrument manipulation functions. The optical imaging component converts optical signals into electrical signals to provide optical images. The ultrasound probe emits and receives ultrasound waves, converting the sound signals into electrical signals to provide ultrasound images. This endoscope is particularly suitable for bronchoscopy with ultrasound, but its use in other body cavities is not excluded.

[0048] Figure 1A perspective view of the distal end of an endoscope according to some embodiments of this application is shown. The distal end of the endoscope mainly includes a tip 1, which can be connected to the distal end of a bend 2. For ease of understanding, a first lateral direction X1-X2 and a second lateral direction YY are labeled in the figure. The first lateral direction X1-X2 and the second lateral direction YY are perpendicular to each other and both perpendicular to the axis P1-P2 of the tip. Specifically, the direction of the axis toward the distal end is defined as the positive direction P1 of the axis. Opposite to the positive direction P1 of the axis is the negative direction P2 of the axis. The ultrasound probe 20 forms a scanning direction along the first lateral direction X1-X2. Figure 2 for Figure 1 The image shows a side view of the distal end of the endoscope viewed along the first lateral direction X1-X2. Figure 3 for Figure 1 The image shows a side view of the distal end of the endoscope viewed along the second lateral direction (YY). Figure 1-3 As shown, the endpiece 1 may include a headstock 10 and an ultrasound probe 20, wherein the ultrasound probe 20 may be connected to the distal end of the headstock 10. For an endoscope, along the axial direction of the insertion tube, the end closer to the operator can be called the proximal end of the endoscope, and the end farther from the operator can be called the distal end. The endpiece of the endoscope can swing in different directions under the influence of the bending portion. In the embodiment shown in the figure, when the bending portion is not controlled, the axis P1-P2 of the endpiece 1 coincides with the axis of the insertion tube. In an embodiment not shown, when the bending portion is controlled, the endpiece 1 can swing under the influence of the bending portion, causing the axis P1-P2 to deviate from the axial direction of the insertion tube. The following describes in detail an embodiment where the axis P1-P2 of the endpiece 1 coincides with the axial direction of the insertion tube.

[0049] When the endoscope is inserted into the lumen of the human body, the detection surface 21 of the ultrasound probe 20 can abut against the inner wall of the lumen, thereby detecting information about the lumen and the surrounding tissues, including depth information. Optionally, the ultrasound probe 20 adopts a convex array structure, which can better abut against the inner wall of the lumen and has a relatively larger detection range. The sidewall of the headstock 10 is recessed inward in the first lateral direction X1-X2 to form a first recess 110. The detection surface 21 of the ultrasound probe 20 and the first recess 110 face the same side. The inward recess of the first lateral direction X1-X2 can be considered as: recessed towards the middle plane of the headstock 10 in the first lateral direction X1-X2. Therefore, the direction "inward in the first lateral direction X1-X2" mentioned in this article refers to the direction towards the middle plane of the headstock 10 in the first lateral direction X1-X2; conversely, the direction "outward in the first lateral direction X1-X2" refers to the direction away from the middle plane of the headstock 10 in the first lateral direction X1-X2. The middle plane can be understood as the plane passing through axis P1-P2 along the second lateral direction YY.

[0050] The first recess 110 includes a first surface 111 facing a first lateral direction X1-X2. Specifically, the direction facing the first surface 111 is defined as the positive direction X1 of the first lateral direction. Opposite to the positive direction X1 of the first lateral direction is the negative direction X2 of the first lateral direction. In some embodiments, the first surface 111 may be flat. The first surface 111 may be perpendicular to the first lateral direction X1-X2, or have a small angle with a plane perpendicular to the first lateral direction X1-X2. In other embodiments, the first surface 111 may not be planar. For example, in... Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the first surface 111 protrudes outward in the first lateral direction X1-X2. The outward protrusion of the first surface 111 in the first lateral direction X1-X2 indicates that the first surface 111 has a portion farther from the intermediate plane in the first lateral direction X1-X2 and a portion closer to the intermediate plane in the first lateral direction X1-X2. The first surface 111 can also have other shapes, and this document does not limit the shape of the first surface 111. Optionally, the first surface 111 can be constructed with one part planar and another part curved. The second surface 112 can face the distal end of the head end 1, and the proximal end of the first surface 111 can be directly or indirectly connected to the second surface 112.

[0051] The headstock 10 may further include an observation window 1121 and an illumination window 1122. The observation window 1121 and illumination window 1122 may be disposed on a second surface 112. The second surface 112 may be configured as a plane, such that the observation window 1121 and illumination window 1122 disposed thereon have a flat surface to facilitate machining and assembly. The fact that the second surface 112 faces the distal end of the headstock 1 does not mean that the second surface 112 must be perpendicular to the axis P1-P2 of the headstock 1. Optionally, the normal of the second surface 112 may have a component in the positive direction X1 of the first lateral direction and a component in the positive direction P1 of the axis. Specifically, for example, the normal of the second surface 112 may have a component in the positive direction P1 of the axis, that is, the normal of the second surface 112 may have a small angle with the axis P1-P2 of the head end 1, so that the second surface 112 can be tilted towards the proximal end of the endoscope in a direction away from the axis P1-P2 of the head end 1, thereby reducing the obstruction of the field of view of the observation window 1121 by the first surface 111 and the ultrasound probe 20. Optionally, the connection between the second surface 112 and other surrounding surfaces may be a smooth curve. In embodiments not shown, the second surface 112 may also be constructed in other shapes, and the shape of the second surface 112 is not limited herein. For example, the second surface 112 may bulge towards the distal end of the head end 1 or be recessed towards the proximal end of the head end 1. The head end 10 may also include an image acquisition assembly, which may include an optical element 310 (such as... Figure 4-5 (As shown) and an illumination assembly. The image acquisition assembly can be housed within the headstock 10. The optical element 310 and the illumination assembly can be aligned with the observation window 1121 and the illumination window 1122, respectively. The illumination assembly is used to illuminate the target area, and the optical element 310 is used to perform optical imaging of the illuminated target area. Specifically, the optical element 310 may include a visible light camera, an infrared camera, etc.

[0052] The observation window 1121 and the illumination window 1122 can be any form of light-transmitting window disposed on the second surface 112. Exemplarily, the observation window 1121 can have one or more of the following configurations: 1) The observation window 1121 can be a through-hole disposed on the second surface 112, in which case the lens of the optical element 310 can be inserted into the through-hole; 2) The observation window 1121 can be formed of a light-transmitting material disposed on a portion of the second surface 112, while other portions of the second surface 112 can be made of a non-light-transmitting material, in which case the lens of the optical element 310 within the headstock 10 can be aligned with the portion of the light-transmitting material, wherein: the lens can abut against the portion of the light-transmitting material or be spaced apart from the portion of the light-transmitting material; 3) The second surface 112 can be entirely formed of a light-transmitting material, with a suitable portion therein used as the observation window 1121. Similarly, the illumination window 1122 can adopt one or more of the various embodiments described above, which will not be elaborated further here for the sake of brevity.

[0053] The headpiece 10 may further include an instrument channel 200 and an instrument opening 120 at least on the first surface 111. The instrument channel 200 may be disposed within the headpiece 10. The instrument channel 200 extends from the proximal end of the headpiece 10 to the instrument opening 120 for guiding a clinical treatment instrument (e.g., a puncture needle) to the site of the lesion to be treated for appropriate clinical procedures. The instrument channel 200 allows a puncture needle 400 to extend from the proximal end of the insertion portion of the endoscope along the instrument channel 200 to exit through the instrument opening 120, such as... Figure 4-5 As shown. In some applications, to obtain more accurate diagnostic information, fine needle aspiration (FNA) or fine needle biopsy (FNB) may need to be performed. In this case, the endoscope can guide the physician to precisely insert the puncture needle 400 into the target area to extract cell samples or tissue blocks for pathological analysis. During the puncture, optical imaging helps to locate the puncture point, while ultrasound imaging ensures that the tip of the puncture needle 400 reaches the predetermined position in the depth direction and avoids damage to important blood vessels or other critical structures. Thus, the direction in which the puncture needle 400 extends is substantially consistent with the field of view of the optical element 310, and the tip of the puncture needle 400 extending from the instrument opening 120 falls within the scanning area of ​​the ultrasound probe 20, ensuring that the puncture needle 400 is operated within the area that can be simultaneously imaged by the optical element 310 and the ultrasound probe 20.

[0054] The illumination window 1122 and the observation window 1121 are typically arranged along a second lateral direction YY. Optionally, the size of the observation window 1121 is larger than the size of the illumination window 1122. Figure 11 In the illustrated embodiment, along the first lateral direction X1-X2, the center of the illumination window 1122 may be offset further inward from the head end seat 10 than the center of the observation window 1121. In other words, the center of the illumination window 1122 is closer to the central plane. This document does not limit the shape and position of the illumination window 1122 and the observation window 1121, nor their relative positional relationship; those skilled in the art can design them according to actual needs.

[0055] The inventors understand and recognize that reducing the size of the instrument channel 200 to improve the insertability of the endoscope may affect its functionality. Similarly, reducing the size of the optical element 310 of the image acquisition assembly may affect image resolution or significantly increase the cost of the optical element 310. Therefore, the sizes of the instrument channel 200 and the image acquisition assembly are typically fixed. By reducing the distance between the image acquisition assembly and the instrument channel 200, the image acquisition assembly can be moved closer to the instrument channel 200, thereby making it possible to reduce the size (i.e., thickness) of the tip 1.

[0056] To reduce the distance between the image acquisition assembly and the instrument channel 200, the proximal end of the first surface 111 of the headstock 10 may be provided with a second recess 113 that is further recessed inward along a first lateral direction X1-X2. The second recess 113 may include a clearance surface 1131 facing the first lateral direction X1-X2. The clearance surface 1131 may face substantially the same direction as the first surface 111. The proximal end of the clearance surface 1131 is connected to the second surface 112. Along the second lateral direction YY, the clearance surface 1131 may extend from the edge of the instrument opening 120 outward toward the outside of the headstock 10, at least beyond the centerline of the illumination window 1122. The second recess 113 is recessed inward along the first lateral direction X1-X2, specifically in that: 1) the clearance surface 1131 can be closer to the intermediate plane relative to the first surface 111; 2) the clearance surface 1131 connects to the second surface 112 along the axis P1-P2; 3) along the second lateral direction YY, the clearance surface 1131 extends from the edge of the instrument opening 120 at least beyond the center line of the illumination window 1122. Thus, the outer surface of the lower portion of the headstock 10 can be closer to the intermediate plane: this portion is adjacent to the second surface 112 where the illumination window 1122 is located and is in front of the illumination window 1122. This portion is likely located within the imaging area of ​​the image acquisition component, and even if it is not located within its imaging area, it can still optically affect the imaging of the image acquisition component; this portion can be referred to as the imaging influence portion. By providing the aforementioned second recess 113, at least the proximal end of the first surface 111 can be closer to the intermediate plane, that is, the size of the second surface 112 is enlarged in the first lateral direction X1-X2. Therefore, compared to the prior art, the observation window 1121 and illumination window 1122 on the second surface 112 can be positioned closer to the mid-plane, providing the possibility of further reducing the radial dimension (i.e., thickness) of the head end. Providing this second recess 113 also offers other benefits. The inventors have found that the distance between the illumination window 1122 and the outer surface of the imaging-affected portion of the head end mount 10 needs to be considered. In the prior art without the avoidance surface 1131, this distance is the distance between the illumination window 1122 and the first surface; while in the illustrated embodiment, this distance is the distance d2 between the illumination window 1122 and the avoidance surface 1131 (e.g., ...). Figure 11(As shown). By providing this abutment surface, the distance d2 can be made substantially equal to or greater than the distance at the corresponding position in the prior art. Thus, the influence on the imaging effect caused by the proximity of the observation window 1121 and the illumination window 1122 to the intermediate plane can be eliminated. Specifically, if the illumination window 1122 is too close to the outer surface of the imaging-affected portion of the headstock 10 due to its proximity to the intermediate plane (i.e., if d2 is too small), the light emitted from the illumination window 1122 may be at least partially reflected by the outer surface to the observation window 1121, resulting in overexposure of the image formed by the optical element 310. Moreover, the inventors have also found that when the headstock 10 is made thinner to improve insertion, the size of the second surface 112 along the second lateral direction YY also becomes smaller, resulting in a smaller distance between the optical element and the illumination assembly. In this case, the light emitted from the illumination window 1122 is more likely to be reflected into the observation window 1121, causing overexposure of the image formed by the optical assembly. Providing the aforementioned second recess 113 near the proximal end of the first surface 111 can effectively solve the above problems. However, if the first surface 111 is moved closer to the middle plane as a whole, it may reduce the guiding ability of the instrument opening for the treatment instrument, which will be further described in detail below.

[0057] To facilitate reducing the radial dimension of the headstock 10, the clearance surface 1131 can extend from the edge of the instrument opening 120 toward the outside of the headstock 10. Specifically, along the second lateral direction YY, when the inner edge of the clearance surface 1131 (i.e., the edge near the instrument opening 120) is connected to the edge of the instrument opening 120, there is no other obstruction structure between the clearance surface 1131 and the instrument opening 120. Thus, in the second lateral direction YY, at least from the other edge of the instrument outlet 120 to the outer edge of the clearance surface 1131 (i.e., the edge away from the instrument opening 120), a clearance area for illumination light can be formed. This allows the illumination window 1122 to be positioned as close as possible to the central axis, resulting in a more compact structure and facilitating the reduction of the radial dimension of the headstock 10.

[0058] With the avoidance surface 1131 connected to the edge of the instrument opening 120, and extending at least beyond the centerline of the illumination window 1122 from the edge of the instrument opening 120, it can be ensured that the avoidance surface 1131 corresponds to at least a portion of the illumination window 1122 in the second lateral direction YY, thereby ensuring that the avoidance surface 1131 can effectively avoid the illumination light emitted from the illumination window 1122. Furthermore, the portion of the illumination window 1122 corresponding to the avoidance surface 1131 can exceed half of the illumination window 1122, so that the avoidance surface 1131 can avoid most of the illumination light emitted from the illumination window 1122, resulting in a better avoidance effect.

[0059] In the above technical solution, by moving the image acquisition component closer to the central plane, the radial dimension of the headstock 10 can be reduced without changing the dimensions of the instrument channel 200 and the image acquisition component itself. This facilitates a reduction in the overall outer diameter of the endoscope. Advantageously, the radial dimension of the headstock 10 can be reduced by up to 20% or more. See also Figure 11 Along the second lateral direction YY, the headpiece 10 can have an outer diameter L. Through the above technical solution, the outer diameter L of the headpiece 10 can be reduced to less than or equal to 7mm, meaning that the outer diameter L of the headpiece 10 satisfies L≤7mm, thus achieving a smaller diameter for the headpiece 10. This improves the insertability of endoscopes using this headpiece 10, enabling examination and sampling in narrower lumens; and / or reduces the incision area, alleviating patient discomfort.

[0060] For embodiments of the headstock 10 including the ultrasound probe 20, when the treatment instrument extends through the instrument channel 200, it is also necessary to consider whether it will interfere with the ultrasound probe 20. Changing the shape or position of the instrument opening 120 may cause the extended treatment instrument to deviate or interfere with the ultrasound probe 20. Therefore, providing the avoidance surface 1131 near the proximal portion of the first surface 111 can avoid affecting the position and orientation of the extended treatment instrument, as will be described in detail below. In the above embodiments, the headstock 10 includes the ultrasound probe 20. However, this application can also be applied to embodiments of endoscopes that do not have the ultrasound probe 20.

[0061] In some applications, even if it is not necessary to reduce the radial dimension of the headstock 10, the aforementioned second recess 113 can be provided to minimize the influence of the headstock 10 surface on optical imaging. In the embodiment shown with the instrument opening 120, the second recess 113 is provided at least along the edge of the instrument opening 120 to avoid the reflection of illumination light by the edge of the instrument opening 120. For example, if the illumination light emitted by the illumination fiber installed in the illumination window 1122 is interfered with by the edge of the instrument opening 120 and reflected into the observation window 1121, it will cause overexposure of the image formed by the optical element 310, affecting the imaging effect. It should be noted that the so-called edge of the instrument opening 120 refers to the boundary area where the instrument opening 120 intersects with the first surface 111 and the boundary area where the instrument opening 120 intersects with the second recess 113. Furthermore, without reducing the radial dimension of the headstock 10, providing the second recess 113 can increase the size of the second surface 112 along the first lateral direction X1-X2. Therefore, a larger area can be used to arrange the observation window 1121 and the illumination window 1122, allowing for greater flexibility in arrangement and reducing the size limitations on the optical element 310. While there is no direct causal relationship between the performance and size of the optical element 310, using a larger image sensor is helpful in improving its performance, such as achieving better image quality and higher resolution. Larger pixels on a larger sensor can capture more light, which contributes to improved image quality, especially in low-light conditions. However, larger sensors typically require larger lenses to cover the entire photosensitive area, potentially increasing the size of the optical element 310 module.

[0062] Exemplarily, both the instrument opening 120 and the clearance surface 1131 may extend proximally to the second surface 112. Further, as... Figure 1 As shown, the proximal end of the instrument opening 120 can extend to the second surface 112. There may be no gap between the proximal end of the instrument opening 120 and the second surface 112, which helps to shorten the size of the head end 1 in the axial direction P1-P2, and the whole can be more compact in the axial direction P1-P2.

[0063] For example, there can be two illumination windows 1122, located on either side of the observation window 1121 along the second lateral direction YY. Compared to having only one illumination window 1122, the light sources located on either side of the observation window 1121 can provide better illumination. The light emitted from the illumination windows 1122 can also be focused, diverged, or homogenized to ensure uniform and good illumination while providing the largest possible field of view. For example, the orthographic projections of the illumination window 1122 and the instrument opening 120 in the second lateral direction YY can overlap, and correspondingly, the orthographic projection of another portion of the illumination window 1122 in the second lateral direction YY coincides with the orthographic projection of the clearance surface 1131 in the second lateral direction YY. The presence of the clearance surface 1131 and the instrument opening 120 further reduces interference with the light emitted from the illumination window 1122, thereby reducing the amount of light reflected to the observation window 1121.

[0064] In other embodiments not shown, the illumination window 1122 may be a single window. In this case, the observation window 1121 may be offset from the center along the second lateral direction YY, i.e., the illumination window 1122 may be provided on one side of the observation window 1121, and a nozzle or other structure may be provided on the other side. The clearance surface 1131 may be provided only on the side where the observation window 1121 is installed, and the clearance surface 1131 may not be provided on the other side of the axis P1-P2. In summary, the influence of the first surface 111 on the illumination light can be avoided by providing the second recess 113 and / or the clearance surface 1131 on the first surface 111, or the illumination window 1122 and / or the observation window 1121 provided on the second surface 112 may be provided with mounting space closer to the central plane, thereby reducing the radial dimension of the head end seat 10.

[0065] The clearance surface 1131 may include a first clearance surface and a second clearance surface located on both sides of the instrument opening 120 along the second lateral direction YY. Along the second lateral direction YY, the first clearance surface and the second clearance surface extend at least to the outer side of the center of the two illumination windows 1122. This allows at least most light to pass through the illumination window 1122 and illuminate the desired location, with the emitted light being almost unaffected by the first surface 111 and thus avoiding overexposure of the image formed by the optical element 310. If only one illumination window 1122 is provided, the clearance surface may also be provided only on the corresponding side of that illumination window 1122.

[0066] Exemplarily, along the second lateral direction YY, the clearance surface 1131 faces the outer edge 1131b of the head end seat 10 (refer to...). Figure 12The outer edge 1131b completely extends beyond the illumination window 1122. In the embodiment shown in the figure, the outer edge 1131b is formed by the junction of the clearance surface 1131 and the side of the head end 1. In embodiments where at least a portion of the instrument opening 120 is located on the clearance surface 1131, the junction of the instrument opening 120 and the clearance surface 1131 can be considered as the inner edge 1131a of the clearance surface 1131. In some embodiments, the inner edge 1131a and the outer edge 1131b may be transitioned by rounded corners. In some embodiments, the positions of the inner edge 1131a and the outer edge 1131b may also form a right angle or an obtuse angle. In this way, the clearance surface 1131 completely avoids the illumination window 1122 and does not obstruct the illumination window 1122. Optionally, the clearance surface 1131 may extend through the entire head end 10 along the second lateral direction YY. Alternatively, the avoidance surface 1131 extends only to the extent that it can avoid blocking the light emitted from the lighting window 1122 and will not reflect the light toward the observation window 1121.

[0067] For example, such as Figure 7 As shown, in the axial direction (indicated by the arrow in the figure) toward the distal end of the head end 1, the clearance surface 1131 can extend parallel to the axis P1-P2 of the head end 1. For example, as... Figure 8 As shown, in the positive direction P1 toward the head end 1, the clearance surface 1131 gradually slopes away from the direction facing the second recess 113. In other words, the clearance surface 1131 can gradually approach the middle plane. Figure 8 The diagram shows a clearance surface 1131 extending obliquely in the direction indicated by the arrow to approach the intermediate plane. The clearance surface 1131 may have a normal vector having components in the positive direction P1 of the axis and the positive direction X1 of the first lateral direction. Since the clearance surface 1131 generally faces the positive direction X1 of the first lateral direction, its normal vector has a larger component in the positive direction X1 of the first lateral direction. In other embodiments, such as... Figure 10As shown, the clearance surface 1131 can extend in a curved manner along the direction indicated by the arrow to approach the intermediate plane. The clearance surface 1131 shown in the figure can be an arc surface that arches towards the distal end of the headstock 10. In embodiments not shown, the clearance surface 1131 can be other shapes, which are not limited here. The curved clearance surface 1131 can be smooth, thereby avoiding difficulty in cleaning and disinfecting after contamination. Alternatively, in order to gradually approach the intermediate plane along the direction indicated by the arrow, the clearance surface 1131 can be extended in a combination of inclination and curvature. Since the clearance surface 1131 gradually approaches the intermediate plane along the direction indicated by the arrow, a small amount of light from the illumination window 1122 is allowed to shine on the clearance surface 1131, and even if some light shines on the clearance surface 1131, it can be more significantly reflected towards the distal end of the headstock 1. This is because the normal vector of the avoidance surface 1131 has components in the positive direction P1 of the axis and the positive direction X1 of the first lateral direction, meaning that the normal vector points away from the second surface 112. Thus, when light illuminating the avoidance surface 1131 is reflected, it will propagate away from the second surface 112 and will not be reflected to the observation window 1121. Consequently, the avoidance surface 1131 gradually tilts along the axial direction P1-P2 away from the direction facing the second recess 113, further preventing light from the illumination window 1122 from being reflected to the observation window 1121, thus further reducing the impact on the observation window 1121 and improving the imaging effect. Of course, this application does not exclude... Figure 9 In the embodiment shown, the clearance surface 1131 gradually moves away from the intermediate plane in the axial direction toward the distal end of the head end 1.

[0068] exist Figure 7 and Figure 8 In the illustrated embodiment, there is a height difference between the avoidance surface 1131 and the first surface 111, so an inclined surface 1133 can be used for connection. The inclined surface 1133 will be described in more detail later. Figure 9 In the embodiment shown, in the direction indicated by the arrow, the avoidance surface 1131 gradually moves away from the intermediate plane and extends directly to connect with the first surface 111.

[0069] Figure 11 It shows along Figure 2 The sectional view obtained by the BB line shows a section of the avoidance surface 1131 along the second lateral direction YY. Figure 12 for Figure 11 A magnified view of a portion of the image. Figures 11 to 12In the illustrated embodiment, the clearance surface 1131 may extend parallel to the second lateral direction YY. As shown, the clearance surface 1131 has an inner edge 1131a connected to the instrument opening 120 and an outer edge 1131b opposite to the inner edge 1131a along the second lateral direction YY. The distances from the inner edge 1131a and the outer edge 1131b to the intermediate plane are substantially equal. The position of the clearance surface 1131 can be defined by its distance from the harness channel 320, which determines the wall thickness of the harness channel 320. Thus, where the wall thickness allows, the clearance surface 1131 can be positioned as close as possible to the harness channel 320 to reduce the amount of light from the illumination window 1122 reflected to the observation window 1121.

[0070] The clearance surface 1131 can extend parallel to the axis P1-P2 of the head end 1. Furthermore, the clearance surface 1131 can also extend parallel to the second lateral direction YY. In this case, the clearance surface 1131 is parallel to both the axis P1-P2 and the second lateral direction YY, meaning the clearance surface 1131 is parallel to the intermediate plane. When illumination light shines on the clearance surface 1131, reflection may occur. When the clearance surface 1131 is parallel to the intermediate plane, light emitted from the illumination window 1122 will be reflected off the clearance surface 1131, and the reflected light will be directed away from the illumination window 1122, that is, away from the observation window 1121. The clearance surface 1131 being parallel to the intermediate plane ensures that even if illumination light shines on the clearance surface 1131, the reflected light will not be reflected back to the observation window 1121, thereby reducing the impact of reflected light from the clearance surface 1131 on the observation window 1121. Furthermore, when the clearance surface 1131 is arranged parallel to the intermediate plane, a relatively regular receiving space can be formed below the clearance surface 1131 (i.e., in the negative direction X2 of the first lateral direction) for the ultrasonic wire bundle to pass through, thereby avoiding increasing the radial dimension of the head end seat 10.

[0071] To further reduce the amount of light reflected into the observation window 1121, such as Figure 13 As shown, the clearance surface 1131 can be opened from the edge of the instrument opening 120 toward the outside of the headstock 10. Figure 2 The center extends obliquely or curvedly in the direction away from the axis PP along the YY direction and away from the direction facing the second recess 113 (downward along X1-X2 in the figure). Therefore, even if light from the illumination window 1122 shines on the avoidance surface 1131, it will be reflected more significantly towards the outer side of the headstock 10. The distance from the inner edge 1131a of the avoidance surface 1131 to the intermediate plane can be greater than the distance from the outer edge 1131b to the intermediate plane. Figure 11-12Compared to the embodiments shown, with the position of the inner edge 1131a remaining unchanged, Figure 13 In the illustrated embodiment, the outer edge 1131b of the clearance surface 1131 is closer to the harness channel 320, resulting in a smaller wall thickness of the harness channel 320. Therefore, if it is desired to increase the wall thickness of the harness channel 320, the inner edge 1131a can be moved upwards closer to the illumination window 1122, or the tilt angle of the clearance surface 1131 can be made less pronounced. Figure 13 The slope is as shown in the diagram. Of course, it is also possible to make the harness channel 320 closer to the negative direction X2 of the first lateral direction, or to reduce the size of the harness channel 320. In short, those skilled in the art can choose the shape of the clearance surface 1131 and its relative position to the harness channel 320 as needed.

[0072] Of course, this application does not exclude Figure 14 In the illustrated embodiment, the clearance surface 1131 can extend obliquely or curved in the direction facing the second recess 113 (the positive direction X1 of the first lateral direction in the figure) along the direction from the edge of the instrument opening 120 toward the outer side of the headstock 10. This embodiment is similar to... Figure 11-12 Compared to the illustrated embodiment, the wall thickness of the wire harness channel 320 can be increased while keeping the position of the inner edge 1131a unchanged. Therefore, if the avoidance surface 1131 adopts this arrangement, compared to Figure 12 As shown in the structure, the position of the avoidance surface 1131 can be closer to the wire harness channel 320, thereby reducing the amount of light reflected to the observation window 1121.

[0073] For example, along the axial direction toward the distal end of the head end 1, the clearance surface 1131 does not extend to the distal end of the instrument opening 120, that is, along the axis P1-P2 direction, there is a gap between the clearance surface 1131 and the distal end of the instrument opening 120.

[0074] It is understood that the instrument channel 200 has a guide surface 210, which can be a smooth transition surface connecting the two side walls of the instrument channel 200 that are oppositely disposed in the second lateral direction YY. The guide surface 210 is deflected at a certain angle relative to the axial direction to guide the treatment instrument to extend from the instrument opening 120 at the desired extension angle. The treatment instrument (e.g., the puncture needle 400) pushed along the axial direction can be bent in the positive direction X1 of the first lateral direction X1-X2 under the guidance of the guide surface 210, such as... Figure 5As shown, the instrument extends from and is supported at the distal end of the instrument opening 120. Since the treatment instrument extends from and is supported at the distal end of the instrument opening 120, the shape of the distal end of the instrument opening 120 and / or the structural morphology of the instrument channel 200 near the distal end of the instrument opening 120 significantly affect the operation of the treatment instrument. By not extending the clearance surface 1131 to the distal end of the instrument opening 120, the structure near the distal end of the instrument opening 120 and the extension length of the guide surface 210 are not altered, thus avoiding any impact on the guiding, supporting, and limiting effects on the treatment instrument. Therefore, by not extending the clearance surface 1131 to the distal end of the instrument opening 120, it is actually beneficial to maintain the original design of the structure near the distal end of the instrument opening 120 to provide sufficient guidance, support, and limiting for the treatment instrument.

[0075] For example, such as Figure 1-3 As shown, the first surface 111 may include a base surface 1113. The base surface 1113 is located outside the second recess 113, and the base surface 1113 is closer to the distal end of the head tip 1 than the second recess 113. The distal end of the instrument opening 120 may be formed on the base surface 1113. (See also...) Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the treatment instrument (e.g., puncture needle 400) extends from the instrument opening 120 under the guidance of the guide surface 210 and is supported at the distal end of the instrument opening 120. Furthermore, during the extension of the treatment instrument from the instrument opening 120, it is at least partially located within the two side walls of the instrument channel 200 near the distal end of the instrument opening 120 and is limited by these side walls to maintain a stable extension angle and prevent wobbling. In this embodiment, since the distal end of the instrument opening 120 remains on the base surface 1113, the extension length and curvature of the guide surface 210 can remain unchanged, thereby ensuring that the extension direction of the treatment instrument remains constant. Moreover, the two side walls of the instrument channel 200 near the distal end of the instrument opening 120 maintain their original height in the first lateral direction X1-X2 (specifically, the distance between the edges of the two side walls along the positive direction X1 of the first lateral direction and the guide surface 210), thus maintaining a good guiding and limiting effect on the treatment instrument.

[0076] For example, such as Figure 2 and Figure 6As shown, the instrument opening 120 may include a first edge 120a, a second edge 120b, and a third edge 120c. The first edge 120a and the second edge 120b are spaced apart along a second lateral direction YY. A clearance surface 1131 extends from at least one of the first edge 120a and the second edge 120b toward the outside of the headstock 10 along the second lateral direction YY. In some embodiments, if a clearance surface is provided only on one side of the instrument opening 120, the clearance surface may extend outward from either the first edge 120a or the second edge 120b along the second lateral direction YY. In the illustrated embodiment, clearance surfaces 1131 are provided on both sides of the instrument opening 120, and the clearance surfaces 1131 on both sides may extend outward from the first edge 120a and the second edge 120b along the second lateral direction YY, respectively.

[0077] The third edge 120c connects the distal ends of the first edge 120a and the second edge 120b. The third edge 120c may be formed on the base surface 1113. The third edge 120c is the edge of the two side walls of the instrument channel 200 near the distal end of the instrument opening 120. Good restraint of the treatment instrument in the second lateral direction YY can be achieved by the third edge 120c. The third edge 120c is U-shaped or V-shaped with the opening facing the proximal end of the head end 1, that is, the third edge 120c may not have a relief surface 1131, or at least a portion of the third edge 120c may not have a relief surface 1131. It is understood that the U-shape or V-shape may be an approximate U or V shape, or some shape that is a variation of U or V. The instrument channel 200 is generally suitable for the passage of tubular instruments with a circular cross-section, therefore the portion of the instrument channel 200 connected to the instrument opening 120 also has a circular or approximately circular cross-section. The instrument channel 200 extends along the positive direction P1 of the axis and bends outward in the positive direction X1 of the first lateral direction at the instrument opening 120. In some embodiments, the third edge 120c can be a semi-elliptical shape. The third edge 120c can be chamfered or rounded. Optionally, the shape of the instrument opening 120 can be further adjusted to enhance the guiding effect. In summary, these adaptive designs may allow the third edge 120c to form any suitable shape such as a parabola or hyperbola, as long as it does not affect the entry and exit of instruments and cleaning and sterilization. For clarity, Figure 6 Only the cross-section of the puncture needle 400 in the plane containing the instrument opening 120 is shown. The third edge 120c passes through the chamfered surface 1115 (see...). Figure 1 and Figure 6The guide surface 210 is connected to the first surface 111. As previously described, the guide surface 210 defines the angle between the extension direction of the instrument and the axis P1-P2. In the second lateral direction YY, the puncture needle 400 can be limited by the chamfered surface 1115. The puncture needle 400 can form two-point contact with the chamfered surface 1115, which are generally located on both sides of the axis P1-P2, for example... Figure 6 The greater the distance from the chamfered surface 1115 to the intermediate plane, the longer the guide surface 210, and the better the guiding effect on the puncture needle 400. Specifically, when the puncture needle 400 extends from the instrument opening 120, if it deviates in the second lateral direction YY under the action of external force, its middle part can abut against the chamfered surface 1115 of one of the two opposite edges of the instrument opening 120 along the second lateral direction YY, thereby restricting its degree of freedom in the second lateral direction YY. The greater the distance from the chamfered surface 1115 to the intermediate plane, the longer the portion of the puncture needle 400 contained within the instrument opening 120, and the closer the position of the puncture needle 400 abutting against the chamfered surface 1115 is to the distal end of the puncture needle 400. The shorter the portion extending out of the instrument opening 120, the easier it is to control its extension direction. Furthermore, the presence of a clearance surface 1131 on the third edge 120c would affect the tilt angle of the puncture needle 400 when it extends, potentially causing interference with the probe surface 21. Therefore, when forming the second recess 113, it is undesirable to affect the chamfered surface 1115, meaning that the clearance surface 1131 is no longer provided at least in the portion where the chamfered surface 1115 is formed.

[0078] Along the axial direction toward the distal end of the tip 1, the second recess 113 extends as far as the distal end of at least one of the first edge 120a and the second edge 120b. As previously described, only one of the first edge 120a and the second edge 120b may be connected to a clearance surface, or both may be connected to clearance surfaces (i.e., the illustrated embodiment). "At least one" refers to the edge of the first edge 120a and the second edge 120b connected to a clearance surface. Thus, the second recess 113 extends as far as the distal end of the edge of the first edge 120a and the second edge 120b connected to a clearance surface. This prevents the further recessed second recess 113 from affecting the chamfered surface 1115 and thus avoids affecting the orientation of the puncture needle 400.

[0079] For example, such as Figure 1-3As shown, the first surface 111 may include a base surface 1113. The base surface 1113 is located outside the second recess 113 and is closer to the distal end of the head end 1 than the second recess 113. The second recess 113 may also include an inclined surface 1133 connecting the clearance surface 1131 and the base surface 1113. Along the positive direction P1 of the axis, the inclined surface 1133 extends obliquely toward the direction facing the second recess 113. Since the clearance surface 1131 is closer to the intermediate plane than the base surface 1113, the normal vector of the inclined surface 1133 has a component in the negative direction P2 of the axis and a component in the positive direction X1 of the first lateral direction. The inclined surface is relatively gentle, so its normal vector also has a larger component in the positive direction X1 of the first lateral direction. The distal end of the instrument opening 120 extends into the base surface 1113 and is surrounded by the base surface 1113. The base surface 1113 protrudes from the avoidance surface 1131 along the first lateral direction X1-X2. As mentioned above, the longer the guide surface 210, the better the guiding effect of the treatment instrument. By placing the distal end of the instrument opening 120 on the base surface 1113, which is further away from the intermediate plane relative to the second recess 113, the length of the guide surface 210 can be effectively extended, allowing for more precise control of the extension direction of the treatment instrument. The greater the distance between the base surface 1113 and the intermediate plane, the longer the guide surface 210 can be without changing its inclination, but this may obstruct the field of view of the optical element 310. When the distance between the base surface 1113 and the intermediate plane is greater than the maximum distance between the detection surface 21 of the ultrasonic probe 20 and the intermediate plane, the base surface 1113 may interfere with the contact between the detection surface 21 of the ultrasonic probe 20 and the inner wall of the lumen. Therefore, the distance between the base surface 1113 and the intermediate plane can be reasonably designed as needed. The base surface 1113 and the clearance surface 1131 are connected by an inclined surface 1133. The angle of the inclined surface 1133 also prevents the light emitted from the illumination window 1122 from being directly reflected onto the observation window 1121. Furthermore, it avoids the formation of a step that is difficult to clean within the second recess 113. Simultaneously, compared to a stepped surface within the second recess 113, the inclined surface 1133 also provides support for the portion of the instrument extending beyond the instrument opening 120, thus providing better overall guidance and support for the instrument. Optionally, the inclined surface 1133 can be smoothly connected to the edges of the base surface 1113 and the clearance surface 1131, thereby eliminating sharp edges on the endoscope.

[0080] For example, at least a portion of the inclined surface 1133 and / or at least a portion of the abutment surface 1131 is a diffuse reflective surface. The diffuse reflective surface can be achieved by creating a specific texture on the object's surface through processes such as etching, sandblasting, or embossing. This texture increases surface roughness, thus achieving a balance between increasing roughness and preventing dirt accumulation when forming the diffuse reflective surface. The diffuse reflective surface scatters reflected light in all directions, thereby preventing overexposure of the image formed by the optical element 310.

[0081] For example, along the second lateral direction YY, the first surface 111 is a curved surface that is higher in the middle and lower on both sides. In this case, the first surface 111 may also include a curved surface 1117, which is located on both sides of the second recess 113 and the base surface 1113 along the second lateral direction YY. The distance from the curved surface 1117 on both sides of the avoidance surface 1131 to the intermediate plane can be less than the distance from the avoidance surface 1131 to the intermediate plane; the distance from the curved surface 1117 on both sides of the base surface 1113 to the intermediate plane can be less than the distance from the base surface 1113 to the intermediate plane. The curved surface 1117 extends from the avoidance surface 1131 and the base surface 1113 in the direction opposite to the first surface 111 (downward in the illustrated embodiment). Here, the curved extension refers to arching in one direction, and the formed curved surface is not limited to any regular or irregular curved surface such as a parabola, hyperboloid, or ellipsoid. It should be noted that the curved surface should be smooth. This reduces interference between the curved surfaces 1117 on both sides and the light beam from the illumination assembly, while preventing the distance from the middle portion of the base surface 1113 to the intermediate plane from being excessively reduced, thus allowing the guide surface 210 to have sufficient length. Furthermore, the fact that the middle portion of the first surface 111 is higher than its edge portion allows for more wiring space within the headstock 10. The smooth curved surface of the first surface 111 also makes it less likely to scratch the inner wall of the lumen during endoscope advancement and / or rotation.

[0082] For example, such as Figure 3-4As shown, the second surface 112 extends obliquely towards the proximal end of the headpiece 1 in a direction away from the avoidance surface 1131. The angle α between the normal of the second surface 112 and the direction from the proximal end of the headpiece 1 to the distal end is an acute angle. Here, the "normal of the second surface 112" is a ray pointing towards the distal end, not towards the proximal end. The angle α is the acute angle between the normal of the second surface 112 and the axis P1-P2. An acute angle α allows the field of view of the optical element 310 to be aligned with the imaging area of ​​the ultrasonic probe 20, and to see the treatment instrument extending from the instrument opening 120. As previously described, in the structure shown, to avoid the influence of the structure at the distal end of the headpiece 10 on image acquisition, the second surface 112 is obliquely inclined away from the instrument opening. The optical element 310 typically has a certain length (along its optical axis) and is not flexible. The front end of the optical element 310 is generally flush with the second surface 112. A larger angle α between the normal of the second surface 112 and the direction from the proximal end to the distal end of the headpiece 1 will result in the image acquisition component occupying a larger space in the radial direction due to the tilt of the mounting direction. For endoscopes of common sizes, this angle α can be large, for example, reaching 20° or even 30°. This results in less obstruction within the field of view of the optical element 310 and a wider field of view. For the endoscope of this application, when it is desired to reduce the radial dimension of the headpiece 10, the mounting angle of the optical element 310 will be limited, which will also limit the angle of the second surface 112 where the distal end of the optical element 310 is located. With the size of the optical element 310 unchanged, exemplarily, the angle α between the normal of the second surface 112 and the direction from the proximal end to the distal end of the headpiece 1 can be between 0° and 15°. For embodiments with an angle α of 0°, the second surface 112 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the headpiece. Thus, the mounting angle of the optical element 310 can be avoided from causing it to protrude into the instrument channel 200, affecting the mounting position and / or radial dimension of the instrument channel 200.

[0083] The field of view of optical element 310 is symmetrical about the optical axis. If the optical axis intersects the surface of ultrasonic probe 20, at least half of the field of view of optical element 310 will be obstructed by ultrasonic probe 20. For example, ultrasonic probe 20 is located on one side of the optical axis and does not intersect the optical axis. The second surface 112 of the endoscope is substantially perpendicular to the optical axis; therefore, even when the optical axis does not intersect the surface of ultrasonic probe 20, the angle between the normal of the second surface 112 and the direction from the proximal end to the distal end of the head end 1 is further limited.

[0084] For example, the projection of the centerline of the instrument channel 200 onto the intermediate plane can coincide with the projection of the optical axis of the optical element 310 onto the intermediate plane. This allows the acquisition instrument to be positioned in the center of the field of view during operations such as sample acquisition, which is more in line with the operator's habits. As mentioned above, to ensure uniform illumination when the optical element 310 acquires images, the illumination windows 1122 are typically symmetrically arranged on both sides of the optical element 310. On the other hand, along the second lateral direction YY, the two side edges of the instrument opening 120 can be symmetrically close to the two illumination windows 1122. The second recess 113 can extend from the two side edges of the instrument opening 120 to the outside of the head end 1 housing. Since part of the size of the instrument opening 120 is utilized, the second recess 113 can extend relatively less outward, making the structure of the head end 10 more robust and providing more internal space. The symmetrical structure makes the head end 10 less costly to manufacture and design.

[0085] For example, along the first lateral direction X1-X2, the second surface 112 can protrude from the ultrasonic probe 20, while the ultrasonic probe 20 can protrude from the first surface 111. In other words, the maximum distance from the detection surface 21 of the ultrasonic probe 20 to the intermediate plane is greater than the maximum distance from the first surface 111 to the intermediate plane, but smaller than the maximum distance from the second surface 112 to the intermediate plane. The detection surface 21 of the ultrasonic probe 20 being lower than the second surface 112 prevents the ultrasonic probe 10 from significantly obstructing the field of view of the optical components. Furthermore, if the maximum distance between the detection surface 21 and the intermediate plane is too large, it will interfere with the extended treatment device, causing a larger angle at which the extension direction of the treatment device deviates from the axial direction P1-P2, which may make the extension of the treatment device more difficult. The first surface 111 being lower than the ultrasonic probe 20 does not prevent the ultrasonic probe 20 from contacting the inner wall of the lumen. In addition, during the puncture procedure, the ultrasound probe 20 can fit tightly against the inner wall of the lumen, and the puncture needle 400 can pass through the space between the first surface 111 and the inner wall of the lumen to the distal end without being interfered with by the structure of the ultrasound probe 20.

[0086] For example, along the direction facing the first surface 111, the lowest point of the avoidance surface 1131 is higher than the plane passing through the axis P1-P2 and parallel to the second lateral direction YY, that is, the lowest point of the avoidance surface 1131 is higher than the aforementioned intermediate plane. Therefore, the internal space of the headstock 10 is not excessively compressed, avoiding a space that is too small to affect the wiring of the ultrasound probe 20, and also avoiding reducing the size of the instrument channel 200, thereby avoiding affecting the overall function of the endoscope.

[0087] For example, see see Figure 6 and Figure 7Along the first lateral direction X1-X2, the clearance surface 1131 and the base surface 1113 can have a minimum distance d1, where 0 < d1 ≤ 0.5 mm. For example, the minimum distance d1 between the clearance surface 1131 and the base surface 1113 can be 0.1 mm, 0.4 mm, or 0.5 mm. If the minimum distance d1 between the clearance surface 1131 and the base surface 1113 is too large, there is a lack of support / limitation for the treatment device along the second lateral direction YY in the portion between the clearance surface 1131 and the base surface 1113, making it difficult to guarantee the stability of the treatment device when it extends out of the device opening 120. When the minimum distance d1 between the clearance surface 1131 and the base surface 1113 satisfies 0 < d1 ≤ 0.5 mm, the stability of the treatment device when it extends out of the device opening 120 can be ensured.

[0088] For example, see see Figure 6 and Figure 7 Along the first lateral direction X1-X2, the lighting window 1122 and the avoidance surface 1131 can have a minimum distance d2, 0.2mm≤d2≤0.9mm. The minimum distance d2 between the lighting window 1122 and the avoidance surface 1131 can be 0.2mm, 0.4mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, or 0.9mm. If the minimum distance d2 between the lighting window 1122 and the avoidance surface 1131 is too small, the avoidance surface 1131 and the lighting window 1122 are too close, and the avoidance surface 1131 is not effective in avoiding the illumination light emitted by the lighting window 1122; if the minimum distance d2 between the lighting window 1122 and the avoidance surface 1131 is too large, it is not conducive to reducing the overall outer diameter of the head end 1. When the minimum distance d2 between the illumination window 1122 and the avoidance surface 1131 satisfies 0.2mm≤d2≤0.9mm, not only can the avoidance surface 1131 achieve a good avoidance effect on the illumination light emitted by the illumination window 1122, so as to avoid the reflection of light affecting the image acquisition of the observation window 1121, but the overall space occupied is still small, which is conducive to reducing the overall outer diameter of the head end 1.

[0089] For example, see Figure 11Along the second lateral direction YY, there can be a distance d3 between the illumination window 1122 and the observation window 1121, where 0.5mm < d3 < 2mm. The distance d3 between the illumination window 1122 and the observation window 1121 can be 0.6mm, 1.2mm, or 1.7mm. If the distance d3 between the illumination window 1122 and the observation window 1121 is too small, the illumination light emitted from the illumination window 1122 may directly affect the observation window 1121, for example, causing overexposure of the observation window 1121. If the distance d3 between the illumination window 1122 and the observation window 1121 is too large, the illumination light emitted from the illumination window 1122 will have a poor supplementary lighting effect on the observation window 1121, and it is not conducive to reducing the radial dimension of the head end seat 10. When the distance d3 between the illumination window 1122 and the observation window 1121 is 0.5mm < d3 < 2mm, the illumination light emitted by the illumination window 1122 can be prevented from directly affecting the observation window 1121, thereby avoiding affecting the overall image acquisition effect of the image acquisition component. Moreover, it can ensure that the illumination window 1122 can effectively illuminate the observation window 1121 and is conducive to reducing the radial dimension of the head end seat 10.

[0090] For example, see Figure 11 Along the second lateral direction YY, the headstock 10 can have a maximum outer diameter L, and the distance between the two illumination windows 1122 can be d5, where 0.2L < d5 < 0.5L. The length L of the headstock 10 along the second lateral direction YY can be the outer diameter of the headstock 10. If the distance d5 between the two illumination windows 1122 is too small, there will not be enough space between the two illumination windows 1122 to set up the observation window 1121, and it may also lead to the distance between the illumination window 1122 and the observation window 1121 being too small, so the illumination light emitted by the illumination window 1122 may directly affect the observation window 1121. If the distance d5 between the two illumination windows 1122 is too large, it is not conducive to reducing the overall outer diameter of the headstock 1. When the distance d5 between the two lighting windows 1122 satisfies 0.2L < d5 < 0.5L, the overall space occupied by the two lighting windows 1122 is still small, which is conducive to reducing the overall outer diameter of the head end 1. Moreover, there is enough space between the two lighting windows 1122 to set up the observation window 1121, and the lighting light emitted by the lighting windows 1122 will not directly affect the observation window 1121.

[0091] For example, see Figure 11Along the second lateral direction YY, there can be a distance d4 between the outermost edge of the first avoidance surface and the outermost edge of the second avoidance surface, where 0.5L < d4. When the distance d4 between the outermost edge of the first avoidance surface and the outermost edge of the second avoidance surface satisfies 0.5L < d4 along the second lateral direction YY, the second recess 113 as a whole can have sufficient width to achieve better avoidance function; the internal space of the head end 1 as a whole is fully utilized, and the head end 1 does not have any superfluous peripheral structure, which is conducive to reducing the overall outer diameter of the head end 1.

[0092] This application also provides an endoscope including a tip 1 as described in any of the above embodiments. Endoscopes with the tip 1 of the above embodiments have better insertability, reduced discomfort before and after examination, and less damage to the patient.

[0093] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by directional terms such as "front", "rear", "up", "down", "left", "right", "lateral", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", and "bottom" is generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention; the directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0094] For ease of description, relative terms such as "above," "over," "on the upper surface of," and "above" are used here to describe the regional positional relationship of one or more components or features shown in the figures to other components or features. It should be understood that relative terms include not only the orientation of the component as depicted in the figure but also different orientations during use or operation. For example, if the components in the figures are inverted as a whole, "above" or "above other components or features" will include cases where the component is "below" or "under" other components or features. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." Furthermore, these components or features may also be positioned at other different angles (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or other angles), and this document intends to include all such cases.

[0095] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, parts, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0096] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar subjects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0097] This application has been described through the above embodiments. However, it should be understood that the above embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit this application to the scope of the described embodiments. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that this application is not limited to the above embodiments, and many more variations and modifications can be made based on the teachings of this application, all of which fall within the scope of protection claimed by this invention. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A tip for an endoscope, comprising a tip seat, wherein a sidewall of the tip seat is recessed inward in a first lateral direction to form a first recess, the first recess comprising a first surface facing the first lateral direction and a second surface facing the distal end of the tip, the tip seat comprising an instrument opening at least on the first surface and an observation window and an illumination window disposed on the second surface; Its features are: The proximal end of the first surface has a second recess that is recessed inward along the first lateral direction, the second recess including a clearance surface facing the first lateral direction, the proximal end of the clearance surface being connected to the second surface; Along the second lateral direction, the clearance surface extends from the edge of the instrument opening toward the outer side of the head end seat at least beyond the centerline of the illumination window, and the first lateral direction and the second lateral direction are perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the axis of the head end.

2. The head end as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The illumination windows are two in number and are located on both sides of the observation window along the second lateral direction. The clearance surfaces include a first clearance surface and a second clearance surface located on both sides of the instrument opening along the second lateral direction. Along the second lateral direction, the first and second clearance surfaces extend at least to the outside of the centerline of the two lighting windows.

3. The head end as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The headstock has a maximum outer diameter L, wherein, along the second lateral direction: The outermost edge of the first avoidance surface and the outermost edge of the second avoidance surface are separated by a distance d4, where 0.5L < d4; And / or, The two lighting windows are spaced d5, where 0.2L < d5 < 0.5L.

4. The head end as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Along the second lateral direction and toward the outside of the headstock, the outer edge of the clearance surface completely extends beyond the lighting window.

5. The head end as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the axial direction toward the distal end of the head end: the clearance surface extends parallel to the axis of the head end, or the clearance surface gradually slopes away from the direction facing the second recess. And / or, In the second lateral direction: the clearance surface extends parallel to the second lateral direction, or, along the direction from the edge of the instrument opening toward the outside of the headstock, the clearance surface extends obliquely or curved away from the direction facing the second recess.

6. The head end as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Along the axial direction toward the distal end of the head end, the clearance surface does not extend to the distal end of the instrument opening, such that there is a gap between the clearance surface and the distal end of the instrument opening.

7. The head end portion as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The first surface includes a base surface located outside the second recess and closer to the distal end of the head end than the second recess, the distal end of the instrument opening being formed on the base surface.

8. The head end portion as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The instrument opening includes: A first edge and a second edge are spaced apart along the second lateral direction, and the clearance surface extends from at least one of the first edge and the second edge toward the outside of the head end seat along the second lateral direction; A third edge, connecting the distal ends of the first edge and the second edge, is formed on the base surface and is U-shaped or V-shaped with an opening towards the proximal end of the head tip. Along the axial direction toward the distal end of the head end, the second recess extends as far as the distal end of at least one of the first edge and the second edge.

9. The head end portion as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The second recess further includes an inclined surface connecting the avoidance surface and the base surface, wherein the inclined surface extends obliquely toward the direction facing the second recess along an axial direction toward the distal end of the head end.

10. The head end portion as described in claim 9, characterized in that, At least a portion of the inclined surface and / or at least a portion of the avoidance surface is a diffuse reflective surface.

11. The head end portion as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The first surface further includes curved surfaces located on both sides of the second recess and the base surface along the second lateral direction, the curved surfaces extending from the avoidance surface and the base surface in a direction opposite to the first surface.

12. The head end portion as described in claim 7, characterized in that, Along the first lateral direction, the avoidance surface and the base surface have a minimum distance d1, where 0 < d1 ≤ 0.5 mm.

13. The head end portion as described in any one of claims 1-12, characterized in that, The proximal end of the instrument opening extends to the second surface.

14. The head end portion as described in any one of claims 1-12, characterized in that, Along the direction that the first surface faces, the lowest point of the avoidance surface is higher than a plane that passes through the axis and is parallel to the second lateral direction.

15. The head end portion as described in any one of claims 1-12, characterized in that, Along the first lateral direction, there is a minimum distance d2 between the lighting window and the avoidance surface, 0.2mm≤d2≤0.9mm; And / or, along the second lateral direction, there is a distance d3 between the illumination window and the observation window, 0.5mm < d3 < 2mm.

16. An endoscope, characterized in that, Includes the head end portion as described in any one of claims 1-15.

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