A real-time airway pressure regulation system for obstructive sleep apnea

Abstract

This invention provides a real-time airway pressure regulation system for obstructive sleep apnea, relating to the field of airway pressure regulation technology. This real-time airway pressure regulation system for obstructive sleep apnea includes an airway pressure acquisition module, a palatopharyngeal state monitoring module, a central processing module, a pressure regulation execution module, and a power supply module. The airway pressure acquisition module acquires the nasopharyngeal airway pressure value P in real time. The palatopharyngeal state monitoring module simultaneously acquires soft palate collapse displacement, palatine veli muscle electromyographic signals, and nasopharyngeal isthmus volume parameters. The central processing module compares the acquired parameters with preset physiological thresholds and outputs control signals according to a pressure regulation algorithm. By real-time sensing and precise adjustment of multi-dimensional non-electrical parameters of the palatopharynx, adapting to postoperative anatomical and physiological changes, and constructing a closed-loop safe regulation mechanism, combined with long-term data optimization strategies, this system effectively addresses the shortcomings of traditional equipment and significantly improves the treatment effect and postoperative efficacy of OSAHS.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of airway pressure regulation technology, specifically to a real-time airway pressure regulation system for obstructive sleep apnea. Background Technology

[0002] Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a common chronic sleep-disordered breathing disease. The core pathogenic factors causing upper airway obstruction are soft tissue collapse of the velamentous palatopharyngeal plane and excessive hypertrophy of the palatopharyngeal muscle group (palatopharyngeal muscle, palatoglossus muscle, uvula muscle). Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) and modified partial resection of the palatopharyngeal veli muscle are the mainstream surgical procedures for the clinical treatment of velamentous palatopharyngeal plane obstruction OSAHS.

[0003] The pathogenesis of OSAHS encompasses two main categories: local anatomical abnormalities of the upper airway and systemic factors. Upper airway anatomical narrowing is the organic basis, while decreased neuromuscular regulation is the functional contributing factor. Local anatomical abnormalities mainly include an excessively long and relaxed soft palate, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the palatine veli muscle group, thickening of the uvula, posterior displacement of the tongue base, tonsillar hypertrophy, and nasal obstruction. These factors can directly reduce the cross-sectional area for ventilation between the nasopharyngeal isthmus and palatopharynx. Systemic factors are most prominently associated with obesity, as fat accumulation in the neck can compress the upper airway externally. Furthermore, degenerative changes in the pharyngeal muscles, maxillofacial deformities, hypothyroidism, and acromegaly in middle-aged and elderly individuals can also lead to secondary upper airway narrowing. Factors that trigger and aggravate OSAHS include: tobacco and alcohol stimulation, as alcohol and nicotine can inhibit the excitability of the pharyngeal muscle groups and reduce airway muscle tone; abnormal sleep patterns, such as prolonged sleep deprivation and excessive fatigue, which can deepen sleep and weaken the airway's self-regulation ability, while supine sleeping posture can significantly exacerbate the posterior displacement of the soft palate and tongue base due to gravity; drug effects, as sedative-hypnotic drugs and anti-anxiety drugs can inhibit the central nervous system and weaken airway protective reflexes; and acute nasal lesions, such as nasal obstruction during colds and allergic rhinitis attacks, which can induce mouth breathing and disrupt palatopharyngeal airway homeostasis.

[0004] Existing positive airway pressure (PEAP) devices for OSAHS mostly employ fixed pressure or simple segmented pressure adjustment modes, and are not designed specifically for the anatomical and pathological characteristics of the palatopharynx in OSAHS patients. First, it cannot match non-electrical physical quantities such as dynamic collapse displacement of the soft palate, electromyographic activity of the palatal veli muscle, and changes in the volume of the nasopharynx during sleep in real time, resulting in lagging pressure regulation and insufficient precision. Secondly, the anatomical and physiological changes of increased soft palate fiber content, reduced fat, and increased tension after UPPP modification were not taken into account, resulting in poor adaptability of pressure parameters. Third, the lack of closed-loop precise control of airway pressure, airway volume, and muscle tone can easily lead to excessive pressure causing Eustachian tube dysfunction, incomplete soft palate closure, and abnormal swallowing / articulation, or insufficient pressure failing to effectively open the airway, resulting in poor control of apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and limited improvement in daytime sleepiness symptoms, significantly limiting postoperative efficacy and treatment compliance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a real-time airway pressure regulation system for obstructive sleep apnea, which solves the problems of existing OSAHS positive pressure ventilation devices, which mostly use fixed or simple segmented pressure regulation, are not adapted to palatopharyngeal anatomy and pathology, lack real-time non-electrical parameter matching and closed-loop control, are prone to complications, and have poor postoperative efficacy and compliance.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a real-time airway pressure regulation system for obstructive sleep apnea, comprising an airway pressure acquisition module, a palatopharyngeal state monitoring module, a central processing module, a pressure regulation execution module, and a power supply module. The airway pressure acquisition module collects the nasopharyngeal airway pressure value P in real time, while the palatopharyngeal state monitoring module simultaneously collects the soft palate collapse displacement, palatine veli muscle electromyographic signals, and nasopharyngeal isthmus volume parameters. The central processing module compares the collected parameters with preset physiological thresholds and outputs control signals according to the pressure regulation algorithm. The pressure regulation execution module adjusts the airway output pressure in real time based on the signals, forming a closed-loop regulation of airway pressure non-electrical variables to adapt to the dynamic obstruction state of the palatopharyngeal plane in OSAHS patients.

[0007] Preferably, the palatopharyngeal state monitoring module includes a fiber optic displacement sensor, a surface electromyography electrode, and a three-dimensional volume sensing unit. The fiber optic displacement sensor detects the posterior displacement S of the soft palate at a sampling frequency of no less than 100Hz. The surface electromyography electrode collects the electromyographic amplitude (EMG) of the palatopharyngeal and palatoglossal muscles. The three-dimensional volume sensing unit calculates the nasopharyngeal ventilation volume V in real time. After filtering and noise reduction, the three types of data are synchronously transmitted to the central processing module to realize real-time perception of the multi-dimensional non-electrical state of the palatopharynx.

[0008] Preferably, the central processing module incorporates a real-time airway pressure adjustment algorithm: ; In the formula: The system output airway pressure, in cm / s². , To pre-set basic target pressure, This is the pressure deviation proportionality coefficient. This is the volume deviation ratio coefficient. The proportionality coefficient of electromyographic signals. The algorithm uses a preset target nasopharyngeal isthmus volume and EMG to measure the real-time electromyographic amplitude of the palatine veli muscle. The algorithm can dynamically adjust the coefficient based on changes in soft palate tension after UPPP surgery to achieve stepless and precise pressure adjustment.

[0009] Preferably, the pressure regulating execution module includes a miniature air pump, a high-speed proportional pressure regulating valve, and a safety relief valve; the proportional pressure regulating valve has a response time of no more than 50ms and can achieve a pressure of 0.1cm / min. Precision pressure regulation; The safety relief valve has a preset pressure protection threshold of 25 cm / When the airway pressure exceeds the threshold, it automatically opens to release pressure, preventing complications such as soft palate dysfunction and Eustachian tube dysfunction caused by excessive pressure.

[0010] Preferably, it also includes a data storage unit and a wireless transmission unit: The data storage unit stores preoperative and postoperative PSG indicators, pressure regulation logs, and palatopharyngeal status parameters in real time. The wireless transmission unit communicates with the sleep monitoring device to adapt to long-term pressure follow-up and regulation of patients after partial veli palatine muscle resection combined with UPPP.

[0011] A method for real-time airway pressure regulation in obstructive sleep apnea, comprising the following steps:

[0012] Step S1. System initialization: Calibrate the baseline target pressure P0, target nasopharyngeal isthmus volume V0, palatine veli muscle electromyographic threshold EMG0, and pressure protection threshold; Step S2. Multi-parameter synchronous acquisition: Real-time acquisition of airway pressure P, soft palate displacement S, electromyography (EMG) signal, and nasopharyngeal isthmus volume V; Step S3. Algorithm Calculation: Substitute the collected parameters into the adjustment formula to calculate the target output pressure. ; Step S4. Real-time pressure regulation execution: The pressure regulation execution module quickly adjusts the airway output pressure according to the target pressure; Step S5. Closed-loop iterative regulation: Repeat steps S2-S4 until the apnea event is eliminated and the airway pressure is stable.

[0013] Preferably, in step S3, a respiratory phase correction factor φ is introduced, with φ=1.2 for the inspiratory phase and φ=0.8 for the expiratory phase. The corrected algorithm is as follows: ; When an AHI of ≥20 times / h is detected, the pressure gain coefficient is automatically increased to quickly open the collapsed airway; when an AHI of <5 times / h is detected, the base pressure is reduced to improve comfort.

[0014] Preferably, after steps S1 to S5 are completed, a modified UPPP postoperative adaptation procedure is performed: preoperatively, data on the degree of palatal veli palatine muscle hypertrophy and baseline soft palate tension are collected; postoperatively, based on anatomical changes such as increased soft palate fibrous components and decreased fat, the baseline pressure is dynamically adjusted downwards. Adjust the floor area ratio by 10% to 20%. The results were matched with changes in the physiological structure of the pharynx and airway resistance after surgery.

[0015] Preferably, during steps S1 to S5, a three-level safety protection logic is set: the first level of protection is when the airway pressure is >25 cm / min. The first level of protection activates the pressure relief protection; the second level of protection pauses pressure increase and maintains the baseline pressure when abnormal electromyography signals indicate pharyngeal muscle spasm; the third level of protection triggers an alarm and outputs 20 cm / s pressure when there is no ventilation for three consecutive respiratory cycles. Maximum safety pressure.

[0016] Preferably, after steps S1 to S5 are completed, an individualized pressure regulation curve is generated based on real-time monitoring data, and the regulation parameters are updated every 24 hours. Combined with the Epworth somnolence scale score and the lowest blood oxygen saturation index, the pressure optimization strategy is optimized in a closed loop to adapt to the dynamic physiological state of the palatopharyngeal airway of OSAHS patients in the long term, thereby improving the treatment efficacy after partial resection of the palatine veli muscle combined with UPPP.

[0017] This invention provides a real-time airway pressure regulation system for obstructive sleep apnea. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention uses fiber optic displacement, electromyography, and volume sensing to simultaneously collect non-electrical physical quantities such as soft palate collapse, electromyographic activity, and nasopharyngeal isthmus volume, and combines them with real-time algorithm calculations by the central processing module to achieve rapid and precise adjustment of airway pressure. This solves the technical defects of traditional equipment that cannot match the dynamic changes of the palatopharynx and has insufficient adjustment lag accuracy, and adapts to the palatopharyngeal plane obstruction status of OSAHS patients in real time.

[0018] 2. This invention constructs a multi-parameter closed-loop precise control mechanism for airway pressure, airway volume, and muscle tension, and combines it with a three-level safety protection logic to limit output pressure, thereby achieving efficient improvement of respiratory events and prevention of complications. It solves the problems of eustachian tube dysfunction, soft palate insufficiency, poor AHI control, and limited improvement of drowsiness caused by abnormal pressure.

[0019] 3. This invention dynamically corrects the algorithm coefficients based on the physiological changes of increased soft palate fiber content, reduced fat, and increased tension after UPPP surgery, and combines them with a postoperative pressure adaptation process to complete the personalized matching of postoperative pressure parameters. This solves the problem of poor pressure adaptability caused by traditional equipment not conforming to postoperative anatomical changes, and accurately matches the postoperative pharyngeal physiological structure.

[0020] 4. This invention enables long-term postoperative physiological data monitoring through data storage and wireless transmission, and, in conjunction with 24-hour parameter updates and closed-loop optimization of multiple sleep indicators, completes continuous iteration of individualized stress strategies, solving the problems of limited long-term efficacy and low treatment compliance after OSAHS surgery, and significantly improving the treatment effectiveness after partial resection of the veli palatine muscle combined with UPPP. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a system framework diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the steps of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the three-level protection process of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a comparison chart of the AHI indexes of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a postoperative airway pressure adaptation curve diagram for the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Example 1, as Figures 1-5 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a real-time airway pressure regulation system for obstructive sleep apnea, including an airway pressure acquisition module, a palatopharyngeal state monitoring module, a central processing module, a pressure regulation execution module, and a power supply module: The airway pressure acquisition module collects the nasopharyngeal airway pressure value P in real time, while the palatopharyngeal status monitoring module simultaneously collects the soft palate collapse displacement, palatal veli muscle electromyography signal, and nasopharyngeal isthmus volume parameters. The central processing module compares the collected parameters with the preset physiological threshold and outputs control signals according to the pressure regulation algorithm. The pressure regulation execution module adjusts the airway output pressure in real time according to the signal, forming a closed-loop regulation of airway pressure non-electrical variables to adapt to the dynamic obstruction state of the palatopharyngeal plane in OSAHS patients. The palatopharyngeal state monitoring module includes a fiber optic displacement sensor, a surface electromyography electrode, and a three-dimensional volume sensing unit. The fiber optic displacement sensor detects the posterior displacement S of the soft palate at a sampling frequency of no less than 100Hz. The surface electromyography electrode collects the electromyographic amplitude (EMG) values ​​of the palatopharyngeal and palatoglossal muscles. The three-dimensional volume sensing unit calculates the nasopharyngeal isthmus ventilation volume (V) in real time. After filtering and noise reduction, the three types of data are synchronously transmitted to the central processing module to realize real-time perception of the multi-dimensional non-electrical state of the palatopharynx. The central processing module has a built-in real-time airway pressure adjustment algorithm: ; In the formula: The system output airway pressure, in cm / s². , To pre-set basic target pressure, This is the pressure deviation proportionality coefficient. This is the volume deviation ratio coefficient. The proportionality coefficient of electromyographic signals. The target nasopharyngeal isthmus volume is preset, and the EMG is the real-time electromyographic amplitude of the veli palatine muscle. The algorithm can dynamically correct the coefficient according to the changes in soft palate tension after UPPP, so as to achieve stepless and precise pressure adjustment. The pressure regulation and execution module includes a miniature air pump, a high-speed proportional pressure regulating valve, and a safety relief valve; the proportional pressure regulating valve has a response time of no more than 50ms and can achieve a pressure of 0.1cm / min. Precision pressure regulation; The safety relief valve has a preset pressure protection threshold of 25 cm / When the airway pressure exceeds the threshold, it automatically opens to release pressure, preventing excessive pressure from causing soft palate function damage and Eustachian tube dysfunction complications. Data storage unit and wireless transmission unit: The data storage unit stores preoperative and postoperative PSG indicators, pressure regulation logs, and palatopharyngeal status parameters in real time. The wireless transmission unit communicates with the sleep monitoring device to adapt to long-term pressure follow-up and regulation of patients after partial veli palatine muscle resection combined with UPPP.

[0024] Specifically, the system consists of an airway pressure acquisition module, a palatopharyngeal state monitoring module, a central processing module, a pressure regulation execution module, and a power supply module. These modules work together to achieve real-time airway pressure control during sleep. During operation, the airway pressure acquisition module continuously collects the nasopharyngeal airway pressure value P. The palatopharyngeal state monitoring module simultaneously acquires soft palate collapse displacement, palatine veli muscle electromyographic signals, and nasopharyngeal isthmus volume parameters. The central processing module compares the collected data with preset physiological thresholds and outputs control signals through algorithmic calculations. The pressure regulation execution module rapidly adjusts the airway output pressure based on these signals, forming a complete closed-loop control chain that accurately matches the dynamic obstruction characteristics of the palatopharyngeal plane in OSAHS patients.

[0025] The palatopharyngeal state monitoring module of this system adopts a multi-sensor fusion design, integrating a fiber optic displacement sensor, surface electromyography electrodes, and a three-dimensional volume sensing unit. The fiber optic displacement sensor accurately detects the posterior displacement S of the soft palate at a sampling frequency of no less than 100Hz; the surface electromyography electrodes are attached to the surface of the palatopharyngeal and palatoglossal muscles to collect real-time electromyographic amplitude (EMG); the three-dimensional volume sensing unit continuously calculates the nasopharyngeal isthmus ventilation volume V. After filtering and noise reduction, the three types of data are synchronously uploaded to the central processing module to achieve stable perception of the multi-dimensional non-electrical state of the palatopharyngeal region.

[0026] The central processing module is equipped with a dedicated airway pressure regulation algorithm. This algorithm can dynamically adjust the coefficient value according to the physiological changes in the soft palate tension after the patient's UPPP surgery, so as to achieve stepless and precise regulation of airway pressure.

[0027] The pressure regulation module includes a miniature air pump, a high-speed proportional pressure regulating valve, and a safety relief valve. The high-speed proportional pressure regulating valve has a response time of no more than 50ms and can perform pressure regulation with an accuracy of 0.1cm / H2O, ensuring both pressure regulation response speed and control precision. The safety relief valve is set with a protection threshold of 25cm / H2O. It automatically releases pressure when the airway pressure exceeds the limit, avoiding surgical complications such as soft palate dysfunction and Eustachian tube obstruction caused by excessive pressure.

[0028] The system is equipped with a data storage unit and a wireless transmission unit. The data storage unit records the patient's preoperative and postoperative PSG core indicators, pressure regulation logs, and palatopharyngeal status parameters in real time. The wireless transmission unit interacts with the sleep monitoring device to facilitate the continuous acquisition of the patient's physiological data, which is suitable for the long-term pressure follow-up and parameter optimization needs of patients after partial veli palatine muscle resection combined with UPPP. This embodiment of the system features a customized design specifically for the core causes and triggering factors of OSAHS: First, for core anatomical pathogenic factors such as soft palate collapse at the velamentum palatum, insufficient veli palatine muscle strength, and nasopharyngeal isthmus stenosis, it utilizes multi-sensor fusion technology to achieve real-time monitoring of multi-dimensional non-electrical parameters and dynamically adjusts airway pressure to open the collapsed airway, achieving precise intervention from the root cause; Second, for transient airway obstruction induced by smoking, alcohol consumption, fatigue, and supine sleeping posture, it relies on the high-speed proportional pressure regulating valve's ≤50ms response capability to achieve immediate pressure adjustment, quickly blocking sleep apnea and nocturnal hypoxia episodes; Third, through data storage and wireless transmission units, it records patients' airway status parameters and disease fluctuation patterns over a long period, providing objective data support for clinicians to analyze triggering factors and develop personalized intervention plans.

[0029] Example 2, a method for real-time airway pressure regulation in obstructive sleep apnea, comprising the following steps: Step S1. System initialization: Calibrate the baseline target pressure P0, target nasopharyngeal isthmus volume V0, palatine veli muscle electromyographic threshold EMG0, and pressure protection threshold; Step S2. Multi-parameter synchronous acquisition: Real-time acquisition of airway pressure P, soft palate displacement S, electromyography (EMG) signal, and nasopharyngeal isthmus volume V; Step S3. Algorithm Calculation: Substitute the collected parameters into the adjustment formula to calculate the target output pressure. Introducing a respiratory phase correction factor φ, with φ=1.2 for inspiratory phase and φ=0.8 for expiratory phase, the algorithm is as follows: When an AHI of ≥20 breaths / h is detected, the pressure gain coefficient is automatically increased to quickly open the collapsed airway; when an AHI of <5 breaths / h is detected, the base pressure is reduced to improve comfort. Step S4. Real-time pressure regulation execution: The pressure regulation execution module quickly adjusts the airway output pressure according to the target pressure; Step S5. Closed-loop iterative regulation: Repeat steps S2-S4 until the apnea event is eliminated and the airway pressure is stable.

[0030] After steps S1 to S5 are completed, a modified UPPP postoperative adaptation procedure is performed: preoperatively, data on the degree of hypertrophy of the veli palatine muscle and baseline soft palate tension are collected; postoperatively, based on the anatomical changes of increased soft palate fibrous components and decreased fat, the baseline pressure P0 is dynamically reduced by 10% to 20%, and the volume coefficient Kv is increased to match the postoperative physiological structure of the pharynx and changes in airway resistance.

[0031] During steps S1 to S5, a three-level safety protection logic is set: Level 1 protection is when the airway pressure > 25 cm / min. The first level of protection activates the pressure relief protection; the second level of protection pauses pressure increase and maintains the baseline pressure when abnormal electromyography signals indicate pharyngeal muscle spasm; the third level of protection triggers an alarm and outputs 20 cm / s pressure when there is no ventilation for three consecutive respiratory cycles. Maximum safety pressure.

[0032] After steps S1 to S5 are completed, an individualized pressure regulation curve is generated based on real-time monitoring data, and the regulation parameters are updated every 24 hours. The pressure optimization strategy is combined with the Epworth somnolence scale score and the lowest blood oxygen saturation index to adapt to the dynamic physiological state of the palatopharyngeal airway of OSAHS patients in the long term, thereby improving the treatment efficacy after partial resection of the palatine veli muscle combined with UPPP.

[0033] Specifically: This method relies on the aforementioned closed-loop control system and is fully aligned with the sleep circadian rhythm and palatopharyngeal anatomy of OSAHS patients. It is especially suitable for the pressure regulation needs of patients after partial resection of the palatine veli muscle combined with UPPP. The overall process is coherent and has real-time performance and safety.

[0034] After the method is started, the system initialization operation is performed first. Based on the patient's preoperative polysomnography results, Friedman palatal grading and nasopharyngeal 3D CT data, the baseline target pressure is accurately calibrated. Target nasopharyngeal isthmus volume The initial parameters were matched with the individual pathological characteristics of the patient by setting the electromyographic threshold (EMG0) and pressure protection threshold of the palatine veli muscle.

[0035] The system then proceeds to the multi-parameter synchronous acquisition stage. The system synchronously acquires the real-time airway pressure P in the nasopharynx, the soft palate displacement S, the electromyographic signal (EMG) of the veli palatine muscle, and the nasopharyngeal ventilation volume V at a fixed time sequence. After the acquired data is processed by hardware filtering and noise reduction, interference signals are removed to ensure the accuracy of subsequent calculations.

[0036] During the algorithm's computation phase, a respiratory phase correction factor φ is introduced to match the respiratory rhythm. When the risk of airway collapse increases during the inspiratory phase, φ=1.2 is set to increase the output pressure. When the airway is stable during the expiratory phase, φ=0.8 is set to decrease the output pressure. At the same time, the AHI index is matched in real time. When a severe obstruction state of AHI ≥ 20 times / h is detected, the pressure gain coefficient is automatically increased to quickly open the collapsed airway. When AHI < 5 times / h reaches the cure standard, the base pressure is appropriately reduced to ensure wearing comfort.

[0037] The pressure regulation execution module responds quickly to adjust the pressure based on the calculated target pressure, maintaining both control accuracy and response speed throughout the process. It then enters a closed-loop iterative control phase, cyclically executing parameter acquisition, algorithm calculation, and pressure adjustment steps until the sleep apnea event is completely eliminated and the airway output pressure remains stable.

[0038] During the adjustment process, a three-level safety protection logic is activated in real time. The first level of protection occurs when the airway pressure exceeds 25 cm / min. Immediately initiate pressure relief; if the secondary protection detects abnormal electromyography indicating pharyngeal muscle spasm, pause pressure increase and maintain baseline pressure; if the tertiary protection detects no ventilation for three consecutive respiratory cycles, immediately trigger an alarm and output 20 cm / s pressure. Maximum safety pressure, comprehensively avoiding treatment risks.

[0039] For patients after modified UPPP surgery, the postoperative adaptation process is initiated after the basic adjustment procedure is completed. Preoperatively, baseline data on the degree of hypertrophy of the veli palatine muscle and soft palate tension are collected. Postoperatively, taking into account the anatomical changes of increased soft palate fibrous component and decreased fat content, the baseline pressure P0 is reduced by 10% to 20%, while the volume coefficient is simultaneously increased. This allows the adjustment parameters to match the changes in the physiological structure of the pharynx and airway resistance after surgery.

[0040] After the adjustment process is completed, the system generates an individualized pressure regulation curve based on real-time monitoring data and automatically updates the adjustment parameters every 24 hours. Combining the Epworth Sleepiness Scale score and the lowest blood oxygen saturation index, the system continuously optimizes the pressure regulation strategy in a closed loop, adapting to the dynamic physiological state of the patient's palatopharyngeal airway in the long term, and effectively improving the treatment efficacy after partial resection of the palatine veli muscle combined with UPPP.

[0041] Combining the airway pressure regulation method of this embodiment with a comprehensive OSAHS prevention and UPPP postoperative rehabilitation intervention program can form an integrated management system of "equipment treatment and health intervention", further improving treatment effectiveness and reducing the risk of recurrence. 1. Primary Prevention (Incidence Intervention in High-Risk Groups): For high-risk groups of OSAHS such as obesity, middle-aged and elderly people, and those with maxillofacial deformities, implement scientific weight control to reduce the pressure of neck fat accumulation on the airway; adopt a side-lying sleeping position to avoid exacerbating airway collapse by sleeping on the back; maintain regular work and rest, and avoid long-term staying up late and excessive fatigue; strictly quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption, and refrain from drinking alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime; actively treat nasal obstructive diseases to ensure normal nasal ventilation; and avoid the abuse of sedative-hypnotic drugs. 2. Secondary prevention (condition control of confirmed patients): Patients diagnosed with OSAHS must use this system for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy in a standardized manner. It is forbidden to arbitrarily interrupt treatment or adjust pressure parameters on one's own. Polysomnography (PSG) data, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), and lowest blood oxygen saturation data should be uploaded regularly through the wireless transmission unit so that clinicians can dynamically optimize the pressure adjustment strategy. Pharyngeal and tongue muscle function training should be carried out to improve the strength of the palatine veli muscle and strengthen the airway's self-support capacity. 3. Three-tiered prevention (recurrence control after UPPP surgery): Short-term postoperative adaptation strategy using the system to dynamically lower baseline pressure to reduce the stimulation of the surgical wound by high-pressure airflow; during the soft palate fiber reconstruction period of 1-3 months postoperatively, maintain a light diet and avoid spicy and irritating foods that may damage the pharyngeal tissue; long-term adherence to pharyngeal muscle function training to maintain soft palate tension and prevent postoperative soft palate relaxation and collapse; relying on the system's 24-hour parameter updates and long-term data storage function, conduct full-cycle postoperative follow-up to achieve early identification and intervention of recurrence risk; lifelong avoidance of risk factors such as smoking, alcohol, staying up late, and sedative drugs to prevent recurrence from the source.

[0042] Example 3:

[0043] Existing OSAHS (Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome) positive airway pressure ventilation devices only employ fixed or simple segmented pressure regulation, lacking closed-loop control. They merely monitor airway pressure, lacking precise algorithms and postoperative adaptation designs, resulting in inadequate safety protection and low pressure regulation accuracy, leading to poor AHI control and poor postoperative efficacy. This invention employs non-electrical variable real-time closed-loop control, simultaneously collecting multiple velopharyngeal state parameters, incorporating a precise pressure regulation algorithm and supporting respiratory phase correction. It is complemented by an improved UPPP (Uniformly Obstructive Positive Airway Pressure) postoperative adaptation process and a three-level safety protection mechanism. It features high-speed, high-precision pressure regulation and postoperative data follow-up capabilities, effectively adapting to the dynamic obstruction characteristics of the velopharynx, significantly improving pressure adaptability and treatment safety, and substantially improving AHI control and postoperative treatment effectiveness, comprehensively overcoming the technical deficiencies of existing devices.

[0044] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended technical solutions and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A real-time airway pressure regulation system for obstructive sleep apnea, comprising an airway pressure acquisition module, a palatopharyngeal state monitoring module, a central processing module, a pressure regulation execution module, and a power supply module, characterized in that: The airway pressure acquisition module collects the nasopharyngeal airway pressure value P in real time, while the palatopharyngeal state monitoring module simultaneously collects the soft palate collapse displacement, palatine veli muscle electromyographic signals, and nasopharyngeal isthmus volume parameters. The central processing module compares the collected parameters with preset physiological thresholds and outputs control signals according to the pressure regulation algorithm. The pressure regulation execution module adjusts the airway output pressure in real time based on the signals, forming a closed-loop regulation of airway pressure non-electrical variables to adapt to the dynamic obstruction state of the palatopharyngeal plane in OSAHS patients.

2. The real-time airway pressure regulation system for obstructive sleep apnea according to claim 1, characterized in that: The palatopharyngeal state monitoring module includes a fiber optic displacement sensor, a surface electromyography electrode, and a three-dimensional volume sensing unit. The fiber optic displacement sensor detects the posterior displacement S of the soft palate at a sampling frequency of no less than 100Hz. The surface electromyography electrode collects the electromyographic amplitude (EMG) of the palatopharyngeal and palatoglossal muscles. The three-dimensional volume sensing unit calculates the nasopharyngeal ventilation volume V in real time. After filtering and noise reduction, the three types of data are synchronously transmitted to the central processing module to realize real-time perception of the multi-dimensional non-electrical state of the palatopharynx.

3. The real-time airway pressure regulation system for obstructive sleep apnea according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central processing module has a built-in real-time airway pressure adjustment algorithm: ； In the formula: The system output airway pressure, in cm / s². , To pre-set basic target pressure, This is the pressure deviation proportionality coefficient. This is the volume deviation ratio coefficient. The proportionality coefficient of electromyographic signals. The algorithm uses a preset target nasopharyngeal isthmus volume and EMG to measure the real-time electromyographic amplitude of the palatine veli muscle. The algorithm can dynamically adjust the coefficient based on changes in soft palate tension after UPPP surgery to achieve stepless and precise pressure adjustment.

4. The real-time airway pressure regulation system for obstructive sleep apnea according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure regulation execution module includes a miniature air pump, a high-speed proportional pressure regulating valve, and a safety relief valve; the proportional pressure regulating valve has a response time of no more than 50ms and can achieve a pressure of 0.1cm / min. Precision pressure regulation; The safety relief valve has a preset pressure protection threshold of 25 cm / When the airway pressure exceeds the threshold, it automatically opens to release pressure, preventing complications such as soft palate dysfunction and Eustachian tube dysfunction caused by excessive pressure.

5. The real-time airway pressure regulation system for obstructive sleep apnea according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a data storage unit and a wireless transmission unit: The data storage unit stores preoperative and postoperative PSG indicators, pressure regulation logs, and palatopharyngeal status parameters in real time. The wireless transmission unit communicates with the sleep monitoring device, making it suitable for long-term pressure follow-up and regulation of patients after partial veli palatine muscle resection combined with UPPP.

6. A method for real-time airway pressure regulation in obstructive sleep apnea, using a real-time airway pressure regulation system for obstructive sleep apnea as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1. System initialization: Calibrate the baseline target pressure P0, target nasopharyngeal isthmus volume V0, palatine veli muscle electromyographic threshold EMG0, and pressure protection threshold; Step S2. Multi-parameter synchronous acquisition: Real-time acquisition of airway pressure P, soft palate displacement S, electromyography (EMG) signal, and nasopharyngeal isthmus volume V; Step S3. Algorithm Calculation: Substitute the collected parameters into the adjustment formula to calculate the target output pressure. ; Step S4. Real-time pressure regulation execution: The pressure regulation execution module quickly adjusts the airway output pressure according to the target pressure; Step S5. Closed-loop iterative regulation: Repeat steps S2-S4 until the apnea event is eliminated and the airway pressure is stable.

7. A method for real-time airway pressure regulation in obstructive sleep apnea according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S3, a respiratory phase correction factor φ is introduced, with φ=1.2 for the inspiratory phase and φ=0.8 for the expiratory phase. The corrected algorithm is as follows: ； When an AHI of ≥20 times / h is detected, the pressure gain coefficient is automatically increased to quickly open the collapsed airway; when an AHI of <5 times / h is detected, the base pressure is reduced to improve comfort.

8. A method for real-time airway pressure regulation in obstructive sleep apnea according to claim 6, characterized in that: After steps S1 to S5 are completed, a modified UPPP postoperative adaptation procedure is performed: preoperatively, data on the degree of palatal veli palatine muscle hypertrophy and baseline soft palate tension are collected; postoperatively, based on anatomical changes such as increased soft palate fibrous components and decreased fat, the baseline pressure is dynamically adjusted downwards. Adjust the floor area ratio by 10% to 20%. The results were matched with changes in the physiological structure of the pharynx and airway resistance after surgery.

9. A method for real-time airway pressure regulation in obstructive sleep apnea according to claim 6, characterized in that: During steps S1 to S5, a three-level safety protection logic is set: Level 1 protection is when the airway pressure is >25 cm / s. The pressure relief protection will be activated at the appropriate time. Level 2 protection pauses pressure increase and maintains baseline pressure when abnormal electromyography signals indicate pharyngeal muscle spasm; Level 3 protection triggers an alarm and outputs 20 cm / min airflow when there is no ventilation for three consecutive respiratory cycles. Maximum safety pressure.

10. A method for real-time airway pressure regulation in obstructive sleep apnea according to claim 6, characterized in that: After steps S1 to S5 are completed, an individualized pressure regulation curve is generated based on real-time monitoring data, and the regulation parameters are updated every 24 hours. Combined with the Epworth somnolence scale score and the lowest blood oxygen saturation index, a closed-loop pressure optimization strategy is adopted to adapt to the dynamic physiological state of the palatopharyngeal airway in OSAHS patients in the long term, thereby improving the treatment efficacy after partial resection of the palatine veli muscle combined with UPPP.

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