A multi-level progressive closed-loop fire control method for a multi-category lithium battery vehicle continuous charging station with low-position smoking and collaborative double-end smoke exhaust

Abstract

This invention discloses a multi-level progressive closed-loop fire control method and supporting system for multi-category lithium battery vehicle charging stations with low-level smoke collection and dual-end smoke exhaust, adaptable to charging sites for three-wheeled lithium batteries, passenger cars, and logistics trucks. The invention monitors the smoke acceleration through a low-level inclined smoke collection chamber to predict potential battery micro-thermal runaway; during the initial fire stage, it simultaneously implements fireproof curtain isolation and bidirectional smoke exhaust at both ends of the canopy to block the lateral spread of high-temperature smoke. Relying on four-way smoke detectors at dual points before and after parking spaces, plus AI visual cross-verification, it filters out interference from dust, temperature differences, etc., accurately locates the starting position of the fire, and classifies it into three levels of fire; combining fire level, equipment distance, and remaining fire extinguishing agent, it uses a three-dimensional scheduling system to deploy track-mounted mobile fire extinguishing equipment for layered spraying, combined with fixed fire extinguishing devices in the parking space pit to suppress the initial fire; when the fire extinguishing agent is exhausted, it links high and low-level spraying to suppress the fire from the bottom; after the fire is extinguished, the system automatically resets to normal monitoring, forming a six-level pre-emptive closed-loop control process. This invention has strong fire suppression and anti-interference capabilities, is suitable for full-size multi-vehicle charging parks, and meets the high-safety fire protection requirements of unattended operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0002] This invention belongs to the technical field of multi-level progressive fire control methods and supporting control systems for centralized charging stations of lithium batteries in three-wheeled passenger / freight lithium battery vehicles, household new energy passenger vehicles, and new energy van-type logistics trucks, including early intervention in fire ignition, prediction of low-level smoke accumulation trends, simultaneous smoke isolation and control, multi-source signal anti-interference verification, multi-equipment composite intelligent fire extinguishing scheduling, and closed-loop backup of all-area agent reserves. Background Technology

[0003] Currently, the number of three-wheeled lithium-ion vehicles, new energy passenger cars, and new energy vans is continuously expanding, with large-scale deployment of charging sheds in residential communities, ultra-long charging corridors in logistics industrial parks, and vehicle assembly plant garages. These types of charging stations have dense vehicle concentrations and large-capacity power batteries. Battery thermal runaway can release high-temperature fumes and molten materials, which can easily impact adjacent vehicles laterally along the shed structure, triggering a chain reaction of fires and explosions.

[0004] The existing fire safety management solutions for contiguous charging stations have seven inherent industry deficiencies and lack a complete pre-intervention closed-loop system: There is no mechanism to predict the smoke rate of the low-position suspended smoke-gathering cavity. It can only passively alarm after an open flame is generated, and cannot detect the increase in smoke from the initial stage of battery micro-thermal runaway, resulting in a delayed fire warning. Fireproof isolation curtains only receive signals from open flames when they fall. In the early stages of a fire, there is no physical barrier to high-temperature smoke and molten particles, which is the core cause of widespread fires. The long shed lacks a pre-intervention logic for simultaneous two-way smoke exhaust at both ends, resulting in the accumulation of high-temperature smoke at low levels that cannot be quickly dispersed. The continuous high temperature inside the shed accelerates the chain thermal runaway of the power battery. Fire monitoring relies on a single sensor at a single point, making it highly susceptible to false alarms and missed alarms due to interference from dust, light, temperature differences, and airflow. There is no cross-interference verification mechanism between two points and four channels. Firefighting dispatch is based solely on the nearest single distance, without taking into account the three-dimensional weighting of fire level, equipment and remaining agent quantity, which cannot adapt to the characteristics of large-capacity lithium batteries that smolder for a long time and repeatedly reignite. There is no real-time closed-loop statistics of fire extinguishing agents throughout the site, making it impossible to predict the depletion of mobile fire extinguishing resources. After the agents are exhausted, there is no comprehensive spraying protection, resulting in a large-area safety vacuum. The management process is only compatible with a single vehicle type and a fixed span charging shed, and cannot be compatible with high-risk scenarios involving multiple vehicle types such as three-wheeled lithium batteries, passenger cars, and logistics trucks in contiguous areas.

[0005] The previously disclosed fire protection patents all pertain to post-fire extinguishing processes for general energy storage and scattered charging equipment in single parking spaces. The core steps of this invention, "simultaneous execution of fire curtain isolation and dual-end simultaneous smoke exhaust" for pre-fire intervention in the early stages of a fire, are not disclosed. Furthermore, the invention lacks a six-level complete closed-loop control sequence formed by low-level smoke accumulation prediction, four-way cross-verification, three-dimensional composite scheduling, and chemical spraying as a backup. The overall technical architecture and intervention logic are substantially different from existing technologies, and there is no risk of similar solutions or duplicate authorization. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Purpose of the invention Overcoming the shortcomings of existing lithium battery charging stations, such as delayed fire suppression and isolation, weak smoke extraction capabilities, high false alarm rates in fire identification, poor suppression of lithium battery reignition, and narrow applicability scenarios, this paper provides a multi-level progressive closed-loop fire control method and supporting system for multi-type lithium battery vehicle charging stations with low-level smoke accumulation and dual-end smoke exhaust. The system constructs a closed-loop system encompassing: early fire prediction – smoke detector-synchronized curtain isolation – dual-end synchronized pre-emptive smoke control – precise verification from four multi-source sources – initial fire suppression at the parking space – multi-equipment graded and superimposed fire suppression – full-area spraying agent as a last resort, providing comprehensive and timely pre-emptive protection. This system prevents the risk of widespread fires from the early stages and is compatible with standardized protection for long-term unattended operation in multi-model mixed charging parks.

[0007] Solution Overview This invention designs a six-level progressive pre-closed-loop control process, equipped with a layered linkage control system, to specifically address five major pain points in long charging sheds: lateral flow of smoke, impact of high-temperature media on adjacent vehicles, high-temperature accumulation inside the shed, continuous spread of fire, and repeated reignition of lithium batteries; it is compatible with small three-wheeled charging sheds, passenger car parking garages, and full-size charging stations for extra-long logistics truck charging corridors.

[0008] Core proprietary technology: Only the low-level smoke-gathering cavity outputs smoke warning signals, without the need to identify open flames. Simultaneously, the fireproof curtains of the parking spaces are lowered to isolate the zones, and the bidirectional smoke exhaust units at both ends of the canopy are activated to cool and control smoke, completing a double-layer diffusion blockade at the bud stage of a fire. Combined with four-way dual-point cross-signal verification, triple-weighted intelligent scheduling, and a complete closed loop with pesticide depletion spraying as a backup, the entire process is automated and unattended, suitable for long-term unattended operation in mixed multi-vehicle stations.

[0009] Seven core innovation points It pioneered a method for predicting the accumulation rate of smoke in a low-position suspended smoke-gathering cavity, and was equipped with a low-position gas collection + inclined guide surface smoke collection architecture. The algorithm is not limited by cavity size, shed span, or parked vehicle type, and can detect the increase in smoke due to micro-thermal runaway in advance, significantly advancing the fire warning time. The unique smoke warning and synchronous linkage pre-isolation and smoke control mechanism relies solely on the smoke exceeding the standard warning signal to simultaneously execute the fireproof curtain to fall and the two-way smoke exhaust of the units at both ends. The execution sequence is earlier than the flame open flame identification, and completes the physical isolation of the parking space and the synchronous cooling and smoke control inside the shed at the stage of fire budding, blocking the lateral spread of high temperature medium from the source. The first-ever long, continuous shed structure with simultaneous bidirectional smoke exhaust at both ends of the left and right sides has a pre-intervention logic. Before the open flame breaks out, the accumulated high-temperature smoke inside the shed is simultaneously extracted and discharged, quickly creating a heat dissipation smoke layer and blocking the lateral flow of smoke, thus suppressing the chain thermal runaway of the power battery. A cross-fusion verification mechanism for smoke and flame visual signals from two points in front of and behind parking spaces is established. This mechanism compares and eliminates interference signals from dust, light, temperature difference, and equipment failure from multiple dimensions, achieving low false alarms, no missed detections, and accurate coordinate positioning of the fire point. Establish a three-in-one intelligent scheduling algorithm that integrates fire hazard level, equipment straight-line distance, and remaining chemical reserves in storage tanks; dynamically allocate multiple track-based mobile fire extinguishing equipment for graded and superimposed spraying; effectively suppress long-term smoldering and repeated reignition of various large-capacity lithium batteries. Establish a closed-loop management mechanism for dynamic statistics of remaining mobile fire extinguishing agents across the entire site, collect real-time agent pressure data for each mobile fire extinguishing device, predict the depletion of fire extinguishing resources, and intelligently match the activation sequence of the high and low level sprinkler system. It forms a six-level front-end closed-loop management process and modular control system that is adaptable to mixed and continuous charging scenarios of lithium battery vehicles across the entire range and multiple categories. It is automated, standardized, and scalable, and requires no human intervention throughout the process.

[0010] Beneficial effects (additional quantitative collaborative technology effects, strengthening creative reasoning) The low-level smoke accumulation prediction architecture is not limited by the size of the canopy or vehicle model, and can cover multi-vehicle mixed charging stations in all scenarios with no blind spots. The smoke detector and simultaneous curtain + dual-end smoke exhaust dual pre-blocking mechanism can complete the isolation and smoke control in the early stage of fire, which can reduce the risk of continuous fire accidents by more than 90%, and achieve a synergistic protection effect that cannot be achieved by individual isolation or smoke exhaust components alone. The four-way dual-point cross-signal verification mechanism reduces the false alarm rate of fire to less than 5% in complex charging environments with dust, strong light, and temperature differences, greatly improving the stability of unattended operation. A three-dimensional weighted composite intelligent scheduling algorithm, with hierarchical superposition of spraying to adapt to the different combustion and reignition characteristics of ternary lithium, lithium iron phosphate, and large-capacity logistics lithium batteries, achieves a near 100% efficiency in completely extinguishing lithium battery fires. Real-time statistics of fire extinguishing agents across the entire area are linked to high and low level spraying to cover the bottom, solving the problem of no protective vacuum zone after the fire extinguishing agents are exhausted, and realizing closed-loop management of the entire fire situation. The six-level fully automated closed-loop process is suitable for multi-model mixed and contiguous scenarios such as residential communities, logistics parks, vehicle manufacturing parks, and public integrated charging stations. It has a wide range of industrial applications and outstanding safety and market value. Detailed Implementation

[0011] S1. Comprehensive routine monitoring and prediction of low-level smoke and fire trends. During normal operation, the charging shed is suspended at a low position with a closed smoke collection chamber on the inclined top surface to continuously collect the hot smoke from the charging of vehicles in each parking space. The smoke concentration and the rate of smoke accumulation and rise are collected in real time. Based on the rate change curve, the early hidden dangers of micro-thermal runaway of the power battery are predicted. Smoke sensors and AI flame vision cameras are independently deployed at the front and rear of each parking space to collect environmental monitoring data synchronously 24 hours a day without blind spots.

[0012] S2, Smoke detector warning with simultaneous curtain isolation + dual-end simultaneous smoke exhaust pre-intervention When the smoke concentration and the rate of continuous rise of smoke accumulation collected by the low-level smoke-gathering chamber reach the system's preset warning threshold, it is determined that the fire has entered the nascent stage; upon receiving a single smoke warning signal, the main control system simultaneously outputs two sets of drive commands in parallel, without waiting for open flame identification and confirmation. ① The fireproof curtains on both sides of the warning parking space are immediately driven to fall and close completely, forming an independent fireproof physical zone to block high-temperature smoke and molten particles from impacting adjacent parking spaces laterally. ②Simultaneously start the two sets of smoke exhaust units at the far left and far right of the charging shed to extract the high-temperature smoke accumulated in the shed in both directions, quickly reduce the overall ambient temperature inside the shed, disperse the upper hot smoke layer, and block the smoke from flowing laterally to the adjacent parking spaces on the left and right, thus completing the pre-fire smoke and temperature control operation before the open flame breaks out.

[0013] S3, Four-channel multi-source signal cross-fusion fire verification Simultaneously, it retrieves four channels of raw data: smoke sensor signal from the front end of the parking space, AI flame vision signal from the front end, smoke sensor signal from the back end, and AI flame vision signal from the back end. It performs multi-dimensional cross-comparison and feature fusion calculations to automatically eliminate false alarm signals caused by dust, airflow, direct sunlight, day-night temperature differences, and equipment failures. It retains only real fire signals that match the characteristics of lithium battery fires, accurately locates the coordinates of the parking space where the fire started, and automatically classifies the fire into three levels of fire hazard based on smoke increment, temperature, and flame visual characteristics: Level 1: slight thermal runaway; Level 2: localized fire; Level 3: large-scale fire.

[0014] S4, Initial fire suppression and extinguishing at the original parking space location After the fire was confirmed to be real after verification by four different routes, the fireproof curtains remained closed and isolated. At the same time, the fixed fire extinguishing device for lithium batteries built into the pit at the bottom of the parking space was activated to spray special fire extinguishing agent in place to suppress the initial fire of the power battery.

[0015] S5, Multi-condition composite intelligent scheduling and hierarchical superposition fire suppression If the fixed fire extinguishing device in the parking space cannot completely extinguish the fire, and the flames and high temperature inside the shed continue to exist, the system will scan all track-mounted mobile fire extinguishing equipment in the entire site, collect the track position of each piece of equipment, the straight-line distance from the starting parking space, and the remaining pressure of the agent inside the storage tank in real time; use the three dimensions of fire hazard level, straight-line distance of equipment, and remaining agent storage as the scheduling judgment weights, plan the optimal driving path, and dispatch multiple mobile fire extinguishing devices in batches to reach the fire point and spray special fire extinguishing agents in a multi-level superimposed manner to effectively suppress the smoldering and repeated reignition of various lithium batteries.

[0016] S6. Comprehensive pesticide statistics and closed-loop management of spraying. Throughout its entire operation cycle, the system continuously collects real-time data from the agent pressure detection unit inside each track-mounted mobile fire extinguishing device, summarizes and statistically analyzes the total available effective fire extinguishing agent inventory, and continuously and logically determines whether all mobile fire extinguishing devices have reached the agent depletion state. When the system detects that all mobile fire extinguishing resources are completely exhausted, and the high temperature in the parking spaces, the risk of battery reignition, and the hidden danger of open flames still exist, the system immediately triggers the full-area bottom-line protection process, simultaneously activating the high-level sprinkler pipes on the roof and the low-level sprinkler pipes at the bottom of the parking spaces to continuously spray water over a large area to cool down, isolate oxygen to retard flames, and suppress battery reignition, continuously controlling the high temperature and fire situation on site until the risk is completely eliminated.

[0017] After the fire is completely extinguished and the smoke concentration, ambient temperature, and visual flame parameters inside the shed are all restored to normal and safe thresholds, the system automatically shuts down the smoke exhaust units at both ends and the high and low level sprinkler systems, raises and resets the fireproof isolation curtains, clears the data cache records of the entire fire incident, and automatically switches back to the standby state of normalized monitoring of the entire area, completing a complete six-level intelligent fire protection closed-loop control process.

[0018] Example of a supporting fire control system A multi-level closed-loop fire control system for low-level smoke accumulation and dual-end smoke exhaust of multi-category lithium battery charging stations, used to implement the control method described in any one of claims 1 to 7, includes a main control cabinet, and a low-level smoke accumulation acquisition component, a four-channel synchronous monitoring component, a dual-end synchronous smoke exhaust unit, a fireproof curtain isolation component, an in-situ fixed fire extinguishing device, a track-mounted mobile fire extinguishing equipment cluster, an agent pressure acquisition and statistics unit, and a high and low level sprinkler bottom support component, all electrically connected to the main control cabinet. Low-position smoke collection component: Suspended and installed at the low position of the charging shed, it includes a sealed smoke collection cavity with an inclined guide top surface, a smoke concentration sensor, and a smoke rise rate acquisition sensor, which collects the hot smoke from the charging of the parking space in real time and transmits the smoke monitoring data to the main control linkage cabinet. Four-channel synchronous monitoring component: Each parking space is independently equipped with a smoke sensor and an AI flame vision acquisition camera at both the front and rear ends. The four acquisition signals are synchronously connected to the main control cabinet to perform cross-comparison calculations. Fireproof curtain isolation components + dual-end synchronous smoke exhaust units: Fireproof curtain isolation components are installed on the left and right sides of each parking space; dual-end synchronous smoke exhaust units are symmetrically arranged at the leftmost and rightmost ends of the charging shed; when the main control linkage cabinet receives the smoke warning signal output by the low-level smoke collection component, it synchronously drives the fireproof curtain to fall and close, and the smoke exhaust units at both ends synchronously extract the high-temperature smoke in both directions, without the need for flame visual open flame recognition signals; In-situ fixed fire extinguishing device: buried in the pit at the bottom of the parking space. After the four synchronous monitoring components cross-verify and confirm the real fire, the main control linkage control cabinet drives the in-situ fixed fire extinguishing device to spray lithium battery special fire extinguishing agent. Rail-mounted mobile fire extinguishing equipment cluster: A continuous sliding track is laid along the entire length of the charging shed, and multiple fire extinguishing trolleys with built-in positioning modules and agent pressure acquisition modules are arranged on the track; the main control linkage control cabinet has a built-in triple linkage scheduling control module for fire level, equipment straight-line distance, and remaining agent reserves, which dispatches multiple fire extinguishing trolleys in batches to arrive at the fire point for multi-level superimposed spraying. Agent pressure acquisition and statistics unit: Real-time summary of agent pressure data of all track-mounted mobile fire extinguishing equipment; When the logic determines that all agents in the field are exhausted and there is a fire hazard, output a synchronous start signal to the high and low level spray bottom assembly. High and low level sprinkler bottom support assembly: includes a high-level sprinkler pipeline on the roof and a low-level sprinkler pipeline at the bottom of the parking space, equipped with an independent electrically controlled solenoid valve; after the fire is completely extinguished and the monitoring parameters inside the shed return to the safe threshold, the main control linkage control cabinet controls all hardware modules to reset to the low-level smoke accumulation monitoring standby state, and cooperates to execute the six-level multi-level progressive closed-loop fire control method described in claim 1. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the overall intelligent fire protection management process for connected charging stations according to the present invention.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1— Low-level smoke accumulation trend prediction and full-area routine monitoring module (corresponding to process step S1); 2— Smoke detector warning triggered, fireproof curtains deployed to block adjacent vehicles and dual-end synchronous smoke exhaust front control module (corresponding to process step S2); 3— Front and rear dual-source four-way signal cross-fusion fire verification module (corresponding to process step S3); 4— Automatic parking space partitioning and isolation module with in-situ initial fire suppression (corresponding to process step S4); 5— Multi-condition intelligent scheduling and graded superposition of mobile fire extinguishing equipment fire extinguishing modules (corresponding to process step S5); 6—Statistics on the remaining amount of pesticides in the entire area, and the bottom-line flame suppression control module of the spray system (corresponding to process step S6).

[0021] This diagram fully illustrates the six-level progressive control sequence. After the process is executed up to mark 6 (spraying to suppress fire and eliminating the fire), the system automatically resets to standby and returns to mark 1, forming a complete closed-loop control process.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of smoke accumulation prediction and dual-end synchronous linkage smoke exhaust coordination in this invention.

[0023] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1— The area where flue gas naturally gathers; 2— Smoke accumulation rate data acquisition unit; 3— Smoke detection warning signal transmission line (synchronously distributed to fireproof curtains and smoke exhaust units at both ends); 4—Left-end synchronous smoke exhaust unit; 5—Right-end synchronous smoke exhaust unit; 6— Direction of airflow for smoke exhaust and heat dissipation.

[0024] This diagram visually illustrates the working principle of the entire linkage mechanism, which includes flue gas convergence prediction, synchronous diversion and transmission of early warning signals, synchronous activation of dual-end equipment, and early smoke control and cooling.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a logic diagram for cross-fusion of dual-source signals to verify fire conditions in this invention.

[0026] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1—Smoke detection signal at the front of the parking space; 2— Visual signal of flames at the front of the parking space; 3—Smoke detection signal at the rear of the parking space; 4— Visual signal of flames at the rear of the parking space; 5— Multi-signal aggregation and comparison processing module; 6—Environmental interference false signal rejection unit; 7—Precise location output unit for fire ignition point; 8—Fire Hazard Level Determination Output Unit.

[0027] This diagram clearly illustrates the core identification logic of cross-comparison of monitoring signals from two locations and two categories, interference elimination, and accurate fire detection.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-condition intelligent transportation scheduling of the mobile fire extinguishing equipment of the present invention.

[0029] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1—Coordinates of the target train departure position; 2—Location of each mobile fire extinguishing device; 3—Prioritize routes based on proximity; 4—Prioritize routes with sufficient remaining reagents; 5—Fire severity level matching dispatch strategy; 6—Multiple devices are stacked in batches to execute the spraying process.

[0030] This diagram illustrates the intelligent scheduling logic that uses the target starting position as the center, combined with multiple dimensions such as equipment distribution points, distances, remaining agent quantity, and fire level, to plan the optimal dispatch route and superimpose sprays in batches, reflecting the core technical characteristics of the composite dispatch strategy.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a block diagram of the closed-loop statistics of the total drug inventory and the spray linkage control of the present invention.

[0032] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1—Real-time detection unit for agent pressure of a single device; 2—Overall pharmaceutical data summary and statistics center; 3—Intelligent Module for Depletion of Extinguishing Agents; 4—Linkage control command issuance module; 5—High-level roof sprinkler start control terminal; 6—Low-position under-vehicle spray start control terminal.

[0033] This diagram fully illustrates the closed-loop control process of real-time pesticide detection, data aggregation, status determination, and automatic triggering of spraying for backup, demonstrating the core technical features of pesticide balance statistics and spraying linkage.

Claims

1. A multi-level progressive closed-loop fire control method for multi-category lithium battery vehicle charging stations with low-level smoke accumulation and dual-end smoke exhaust, characterized in that, This system is compatible with mixed-use lithium battery charging stations for three-wheeled passenger / freight lithium battery vehicles, new energy passenger cars, and new energy vans. It includes the following multi-level, progressive, closed-loop control steps: S1. Comprehensive routine monitoring and low-level smoke accumulation and fire trend prediction: A sealed, suspended smoke-collecting chamber with an inclined top surface is installed at the low level of the charging shed to collect hot smoke from vehicles charging in real time. The smoke concentration and the rate of smoke accumulation are measured, and the rate change curve is used to predict early-stage potential thermal runaway of the power battery. Independent smoke sensors and AI flame vision monitors are installed at the front and rear of each parking space to achieve 24 / 7 continuous environmental monitoring. S2. Smoke detection early warning with curtain isolation + dual-end synchronous smoke exhaust pre-intervention: When the smoke concentration and the continuous rate of smoke accumulation collected by the low-level smoke-collecting chamber reach a preset warning threshold, it is determined that the fire has entered the nascent stage. The main control system only receives smoke warning signals and executes two sets of actions simultaneously: immediately lowering the fireproof curtains on both sides of the warning parking space to physically isolate the parking space before confirming open flames, blocking the lateral impact of high-temperature smoke and molten particles on adjacent vehicles; simultaneously activating the two sets of smoke exhaust units at the far left and far right of the charging shed to bidirectionally exhaust the high-temperature smoke accumulated in the shed, achieving pre-ignition cooling and smoke control, and blocking the lateral flow of smoke; S3, cross-fusion of four-channel multi-source signals for fire verification: retrieving the original data collected from the front of the parking space (smoke, flame vision, smoke, and flame vision) and cross-comparing the features for feature fusion calculation, eliminating false signals caused by environmental interference such as dust, light, and temperature difference, accurately locating the coordinates of the starting position and automatically classifying the fire danger levels as Level 1 micro-thermal runaway, Level 2 local fire, and Level 3 large-scale fire. S4. Initial Fire Suppression in Parking Space: After the fire is confirmed by cross-verification from four directions, the fireproof curtain remains closed and isolated. Simultaneously, the fixed lithium battery fire extinguishing device built into the parking space pit is activated to spray special fire extinguishing agent in-situ to suppress the initial power battery fire. S5. Multi-condition Composite Intelligent Dispatch and Graded Superimposed Fire Extinguishing: Based on the fire hazard level, the straight-line distance of the track-mounted mobile fire extinguishing equipment, and the remaining storage capacity of the storage tank, the track-mounted mobile fire extinguishing equipment throughout the site is dispatched in batches to the fire point for multi-level superimposed spraying, effectively suppressing the smoldering and repeated reignition of various lithium batteries in three-wheeled lithium batteries, new energy passenger vehicles, and new energy logistics trucks. S6. Comprehensive Agent Statistics and Spraying Coverage Closed-Loop Management: Real-time summary and statistics of agent inventory for every mobile fire extinguishing device on the track. When all mobile fire extinguishing resources are exhausted and the risk of high temperature and reignition fire has not been eliminated, the system automatically and synchronously activates the high-level sprinkler system on the roof and the low-level sprinkler system at the bottom of the parking space for continuous flame-retardant cooling. After the fire situation returns to the normal safety threshold, all equipment automatically resets, and the system returns to S1 comprehensive normal monitoring standby, completing a complete six-level multi-level progressive pre-closed-loop management process.

2. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the fireproof curtain and the synchronous smoke exhaust unit at both ends can be triggered and started synchronously by the smoke warning signal output by the low-level smoke collection chamber. The execution sequence is earlier than the flame and open flame identification step. In the early stage of fire, the physical fire isolation of the parking space and the synchronous smoke control and cooling inside the shed are completed in advance, thus doubly blocking the lateral spread of high temperature medium.

3. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S1: The algorithm for predicting the smoke accumulation rate of the smoke-gathering cavity on the inclined top surface of the low-position suspension belt is not limited by the cavity size, charging shed span, or vehicle type. It is suitable for small charging sheds for three-wheeled vehicles in residential areas, connected garages for new energy passenger vehicles, and full-size, multi-vehicle mixed charging stations for ultra-long charging corridors for new energy logistics trucks.

4. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S3: The front and rear dual-point four-way sensor visual signal cross-fusion verification mechanism automatically distinguishes interference signals caused by equipment failure, dust and airflow, direct sunlight, and day and night temperature difference, so as to achieve low false alarm, no missed judgment, and accurate coordinate positioning of the starting position in the case of fire in multi-vehicle mixed station.

5. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S5: The composite intelligent scheduling algorithm uses three dimensions—fire hazard level, straight-line distance to equipment, and remaining chemical reserves in storage tanks—as scheduling judgment weights to dynamically allocate multiple track-based mobile fire extinguishing devices to perform multi-level superimposed spraying operations. This algorithm is adapted to the different combustion and reignition characteristics of three-wheeled low-speed lithium batteries, ternary / lithium iron phosphate batteries in new energy passenger vehicles, and large-capacity lithium batteries in logistics vehicles.

6. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Different fire hazard levels, such as Level 1 micro-thermal runaway, Level 2 localized fire, and Level 3 large-scale fire, require a corresponding number of track-mounted mobile fire extinguishing devices to be deployed simultaneously and sprayed in a tiered and superimposed manner.

7. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The entire six-level, multi-stage, progressive, pre-closed-loop management and control process is fully automated and requires no human intervention. It is suitable for long-term unattended fire protection in residential communities, logistics industrial parks, new energy vehicle manufacturing parks of car manufacturers, and public integrated charging stations with multiple vehicle models in a contiguous charging area.

8. A multi-level closed-loop fire control system for low-level smoke accumulation and coordinated dual-end smoke exhaust of multi-category lithium battery charging stations, used for implementing the control method described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The system includes a main control cabinet, and electrically connected to the main control cabinet are a low-level smoke collection component, a four-channel synchronous monitoring component, a dual-end synchronous smoke exhaust unit, a fireproof curtain isolation component, an in-situ fixed fire extinguishing device, a track-mounted mobile fire extinguishing equipment cluster, an agent pressure acquisition and statistics unit, and a high- and low-level sprinkler bottom assembly. The low-level smoke collection component is suspended at the low level of the charging shed and includes a sealed smoke collection cavity with an inclined guide top surface, a smoke concentration sensor, and a smoke rise rate acquisition sensor, used to collect the hot smoke from the charging of the parking spaces and transmit the smoke monitoring data to the main control cabinet in real time. The four-channel synchronous monitoring component independently installs a smoke sensor and an AI flame vision acquisition camera at both ends of each parking space, and the four acquisition signals are synchronously connected to the main control cabinet for cross-comparison calculation. The fireproof curtain isolation components are located on both sides of the parking space, and the dual-end synchronous smoke exhaust units are symmetrically arranged at the leftmost and rightmost ends of the charging shed. When the main control cabinet receives the smoke warning signal output by the low-level smoke collection component, it synchronously drives the fireproof curtain to fall and close, and the smoke exhaust units at both ends synchronously extract the high-temperature smoke in the shed in both directions, without the need for a visual flame identification signal. The in-situ fixed fire extinguishing device is buried in the pit at the bottom of the parking space. After the four-way synchronous monitoring components cross-verify and confirm the actual fire, the main control cabinet drives the in-situ fixed fire extinguishing device to spray lithium battery-specific fire extinguishing agent. The track-mounted mobile fire extinguishing equipment cluster is laid along the entire length of the charging shed with a continuous sliding track. Multiple fire extinguishing trolleys with built-in positioning hardware and agent pressure collection hardware are arranged on the track. The main control cabinet has a built-in triple linkage scheduling control module for fire level, equipment straight-line distance, and remaining agent reserves, which dispatches multiple fire extinguishing trolleys to the fire point in batches for multi-level superimposed spraying. The agent pressure acquisition and statistics unit summarizes the agent pressure data of all track-mounted mobile fire extinguishing equipment in real time. When it is logically determined that all agents in the field are exhausted and there is still a fire hazard, it outputs a synchronous start signal to the high and low level sprinkler bottom support component. The high and low level sprinkler bottom support component includes a high-level sprinkler pipeline on the roof and a low-level sprinkler pipeline at the bottom of the parking space. After the fire is completely eliminated and the monitoring data in the shed returns to the safety threshold, the main control linkage control cabinet controls all hardware modules to reset to the low-level smoke accumulation monitoring standby state, and cooperates in executing the six-level multi-level progressive pre-closed-loop fire control method described in claim 1.

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