A cyclone-gravity coupling type surface water pretreatment device and method

Abstract

This invention provides a vortex gravity coupling surface water pretreatment device and method. The device includes: a shell with an inlet pipe extending into its interior at one end, and a drain outlet at the top of the shell; a vortex guiding mechanism including a drive motor, a transmission shaft, and spiral guide vanes, the transmission shaft being slidably sleeved on the top of the shell, with spiral guide vanes arrayed on the outer periphery of one end extending into the shell, and the other end of the transmission shaft connected to the drive motor; a conical porous baffle disposed within the shell and located at the lower end of the spiral guide vanes; a settling sleeve assembly including an outer ring settling cylinder and an inner ring settling cylinder, the inner and outer ring settling cylinders being coaxially and interlocked, the outer ring settling cylinder being nested within the lower inner periphery of the shell, a settling component disposed within the inner ring settling cylinder, and spiral guide ribs disposed on the inner periphery of the outer ring settling cylinder; and a sludge discharge mechanism disposed at the bottom of the shell and communicating with the settling sleeve assembly for discharging sludge settled by the settling sleeve assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of water treatment equipment, specifically relating to a vortex gravity coupling surface water pretreatment device and method. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing mechanization of urban maintenance operations, the demand for pretreatment of surface runoff generated by road cleaning vehicles, greening spraying equipment, and pipeline maintenance is becoming increasingly urgent. This type of wastewater is characterized by large fluctuations in water quality, strong instantaneous flow impacts, and a wide distribution of solid particle sizes (5μm~5mm). Traditional pretreatment equipment based on a single separation principle is difficult to achieve efficient, stable, and low-maintenance purification goals within a limited space.

[0003] Currently, mainstream solid-liquid separation technologies are divided into two categories: cyclone centrifugation technology is widely used due to its advantages of simple structure, large throughput, and high separation efficiency for coarse particles (>50μm), but its ability to capture fine particles (<20μm) is limited, and the underflow outlet is prone to blockage due to high concentration of sediment accumulation. It requires high-pressure water intake to maintain cyclone intensity, resulting in high energy consumption and weak resistance to flow fluctuations. Gravity sedimentation technology relies on the natural sedimentation of particles to achieve separation. It has high potential for removing fine particles and low operating energy consumption, but it has a long hydraulic retention time (30~60min), large footprint, and poor resistance to shock loads, making it unsuitable for space-constrained scenarios such as maintenance stations.

[0004] Existing improvement schemes attempt to couple cyclone and gravity units in series, first removing coarse sand in a cyclone separator before entering a sedimentation tank to capture fine particles. However, this scheme still suffers from problems such as a lengthy process, increased equipment footprint, complex connecting pipelines, and progressive energy loss. Furthermore, abrupt changes in flow patterns between the two stages can easily cause particle backmixing, which reduces the overall separation efficiency. At the same time, most coupling devices rely on external pump and valve control, lacking the ability to adapt to fluctuations in flow rate and turbidity, resulting in high operation and maintenance costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention aims to provide a vortex gravity coupling surface water pretreatment device and method, which solves the technical pain points of traditional pretreatment equipment, such as large footprint, high energy consumption, weak impact resistance, and cumbersome operation and maintenance, and achieves efficient, compact, and power-free pretreatment of surface water.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A vortex gravity coupling surface water pretreatment device includes: The housing is mounted on a support, and a water inlet pipe is mounted on it, one end of which extends into the interior of the housing. The water inlet pipe is used to divert surface water into the housing. A drain outlet is provided at the top of the housing. The flow guiding and swirling mechanism includes a drive motor, a transmission shaft, and spiral guide vanes. The transmission shaft is slidably sleeved on the top of the housing, and the spiral guide vanes are arranged in an array on the outer periphery of one end extending into the housing. The spiral guide vanes are spaced apart from the water inlet pipe to receive surface water. The other end of the transmission shaft is connected to the drive motor. A conical porous baffle is disposed inside the housing and located at the lower end of the spiral guide vane, spaced apart from it, for receiving surface water separated by the attenuating guide vortex mechanism; A settling sleeve assembly includes an outer ring settling cylinder and an inner ring settling cylinder. The inner ring settling cylinder and the outer ring settling cylinder are coaxially nested with a gap. The outer ring settling cylinder is nested in the lower inner circumference of the shell and is vertically spaced opposite to the conical porous partition. A settling component is provided inside the inner ring settling cylinder, and a spiral guide rib is provided on the inner circumference of the outer ring settling cylinder. A sludge discharge mechanism is located at the bottom of the housing and communicates with the settling sleeve assembly to discharge sludge that has settled through the settling sleeve assembly.

[0007] Furthermore, the flow guiding vortex mechanism also includes a blade rotation drive assembly, which includes a conical toothed disk, a bevel gear, and a gearbox. The gearbox is slidably sleeved on the end of the transmission shaft and connected to the inner wall of the housing. The conical toothed disk and the bevel gear are disposed inside the gearbox. The conical toothed disk is connected to the transmission shaft. A plurality of the bevel gears mesh with the conical toothed disk. The spiral flow guiding blades are arranged in a circumferential array along the gearbox. Each spiral flow guiding blade is slidably nested on the gearbox and is connected to one of the bevel gears.

[0008] Furthermore, the settling assembly includes a hinge plate and a settling plate. A pair of hinge plates are disposed opposite to each other on both sides of the inner circumference of the inner ring settling cylinder. The settling plate is hinged to each hinge plate. The pair of settling plates are disposed opposite to each other in an inverted V-shape. Settling holes are arrayed on both the hinge plate and the settling plate.

[0009] Furthermore, the conical porous partition includes a circular disc, the upper end face of which is a frustum structure, a central through hole is provided in the center of the circular disc, and buffer holes are arrayed on the circular disc located on the outer periphery of the central through hole.

[0010] Furthermore, a connecting assembly is provided between the outer ring settling cylinder and the inner ring settling cylinder, and the connecting assembly connects the outer ring settling cylinder and the inner ring settling cylinder.

[0011] Furthermore, the lower end of the inner ring settling cylinder has a conical inner sleeve, and the lower end of the conical inner sleeve is provided with an inner sleeve tube. The lower end of the outer ring settling cylinder has a conical outer sleeve, and the lower end of the conical outer sleeve is provided with an outer sleeve tube. The inner sleeve is fitted around the inner circumference of the outer sleeve tube.

[0012] Furthermore, the water inlet pipe includes a water inlet end and several water outlet ends. The water inlet end is located outside the housing, and the several water outlet ends extend into the housing and are connected in parallel to the water inlet end. Each water outlet end is spaced apart from a corresponding spiral guide vane.

[0013] Furthermore, the gearbox has ribs arranged on its upper outer periphery, and a crossbar is fitted on the outer periphery of the drive shaft with clearance. The two ends of the crossbar are connected to the inner periphery of the housing, the upper end of the rib is connected to the crossbar, and the lower end is connected to the gearbox.

[0014] Furthermore, the sludge discharge mechanism includes a conical sludge collection hopper, a sewage discharge solenoid valve, a suction pump, and a sludge level monitoring sensor. The conical sludge collection hopper is mounted on the support and communicates with the bottom of the housing. The sludge level monitoring sensor is mounted on the upper inner circumference of the conical sludge collection hopper. The sewage discharge solenoid valve is mounted on the lower bottom of the conical sludge collection hopper, with one end communicating with the inner circumference of the conical sludge collection hopper and the other end connected to the suction pump. The sludge level monitoring sensor is used to detect the sludge position in the conical sludge collection hopper to control the opening and closing of the sewage discharge solenoid valve and the suction pump.

[0015] This invention also provides a vortex-gravity coupled surface water pretreatment method, based on the vortex-gravity coupled surface water pretreatment device of this invention, the method comprising the following steps: Step S1: Surface water is injected into the shell through the inlet pipe and guided to the spiral guide vanes. The drive motor drives the spiral guide vanes to rotate, causing the surface water containing coarse particles and heavy suspended matter to slide off the inner wall of the shell. Step S2: The residual water carrying fine particles flows downward and impacts the conical porous baffle, and is attenuated by the conical porous baffle before entering the settling sleeve assembly; Step S3: The attenuated water flow is divided into two streams and enters the settling sleeve assembly. One stream enters the inner ring settling cylinder and is used for fine particle capture by the settling assembly. The other stream enters the annular gap between the outer ring settling cylinder and the inner ring settling cylinder and is used for medium and coarse particle interception under the guidance of the spiral guide ribs. Step S4: The clarified water after sedimentation and separation continues to overflow from the top of the shell; Step S5: The concentrated sludge after settling through the settling sleeve assembly flows into the sludge discharge mechanism for sludge discharge.

[0016] Because the present invention adopts the above technical solution, it has the following advantages and effects: This invention provides a vortex-gravity coupled surface water pretreatment device and method, which integrates two major functional units, vortex centrifugal separation and gravity sedimentation, into a shell. Through a three-dimensional layout of upward vortex and downward sedimentation, it replaces the traditional series connection mode of hydrocyclones and sedimentation tanks, eliminates complex connecting pipelines and intermediate transition zones, and significantly reduces the equipment's footprint and volume. It is particularly suitable for urban maintenance stations, vehicle-mounted mobile treatment systems, or construction sites with limited space.

[0017] This invention provides a swirling gravity-coupled surface water pretreatment device and method. Through a swirling flow guiding mechanism and a conical porous baffle, the flow regime is transformed in stages. The upper strong swirling flow, driven by a motor, actively applies centrifugal force to rapidly remove coarse particles >50μm, reducing subsequent settling load. Furthermore, the conical porous baffle in the middle effectively attenuates the strong rotational kinetic energy of the water flow, preventing the high-speed swirling flow from directly impacting the settling zone and causing particle backmixing. The lower stage involves stratified settling, with the water flow divided into inner and outer paths. The inner ring settling cylinder utilizes a V-shaped settling plate to efficiently capture fine particles (<20μm) at low flow rates, while the outer ring channel uses helical guide ribs to maintain a weak swirling flow, working in conjunction with gravity to retain medium and coarse particles. This coarse-fine flow and tiered retention mechanism improves the solid-liquid separation efficiency across the entire particle size range. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the flow guiding and swirling mechanism of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the flow guiding vortex mechanism of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the housing of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the housing structure of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the conical porous partition of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the inner ring settling cylinder of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 9 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the inner ring settling cylinder of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 10This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the outer ring settling cylinder of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 11 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the outer ring settling cylinder of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the slag discharge mechanism of the present invention.

[0030] The reference numerals in the attached drawings are as follows: 1-Shell, 2-Flow guiding and swirling mechanism, 3-Conical porous baffle, 4-Settling sleeve assembly, 5-Slag discharge mechanism, 6-Support, 7-Controller, 11-Inlet pipe fitting, 12-Drain outlet, 21-Drive motor, 22-Transmission shaft, 23-Blade rotation drive assembly, 24-Helical guide vane, 231-Conical gear disk, 232-Conical gear, 233-Gearbox, 234-Rib, 235-Crossbar, 31-Central through hole. 32-Buffer hole, 41-Outer ring settling cylinder, 42-Inner ring settling cylinder, 43-Connecting assembly, 411-Helical guide rib, 412-Conical outer sleeve, 413-Outer sleeve tube, 421-Settling assembly, 422-Conical inner sleeve, 423-Inner sleeve tube, 4211-Hinged plate, 4212-Settling plate, 431-Annular rib, 432-Connecting rib, 51-Conical sludge hopper, 52-Sewage discharge solenoid valve, 53-Suction pump, 54-Sludge level monitoring sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0032] like Figures 1-4 As shown, this invention provides a vortex gravity coupling surface water pretreatment device, including a shell 1, a flow guiding vortex mechanism 2, a conical porous baffle 3, a settling sleeve assembly 4, a slag discharge mechanism 5, and a support 6. The shell 1 is mounted on the support 6. A water inlet pipe 11 is provided on the upper outer periphery of the shell 1, with one end extending into its interior. The water inlet pipe 11 is used to guide surface water into the shell 1. A drain outlet 12 is provided at the top of the shell 1. The water inlet pipe 11 is used to guide surface water containing silt particles into the shell 1. The water inlet pipe 11 is a water inlet pipe.

[0033] The flow guiding vortex mechanism 2 is set at the upper end of the shell 1 and is used to separate coarse particles and heavy suspended matter with a particle size >50μm in the surface water. Under the action of strong centrifugal force, the particles are efficiently thrown towards the inner wall of the shell and slide down the inner wall of the shell 1 at an accelerated speed, thus completing the primary coarse separation.

[0034] The flow guiding and swirling mechanism 2 includes a drive motor 21, a transmission shaft 22, and spiral guide vanes 24. The transmission shaft 22 is slidably sleeved on the top of the housing 1. One end of the transmission shaft 22, extending into the housing 1, has spiral guide vanes 24 arranged in an array on its outer periphery. The spiral guide vanes 24 are spaced apart from the inlet pipe 11 to collect surface water. The other end of the transmission shaft 22 extends out of the top periphery of the housing 1 and is connected to the output end of the drive motor 21 via a coupling. The drive motor 21 is fixed to the top of the housing 1. The drive motor 21 drives the spiral guide vanes 24 to rotate around the transmission shaft 22, thereby achieving the discrete separation of surface rainwater. A conical porous baffle 3 is horizontally arranged on the inner periphery of the housing 1 and is located at the lower end of the spiral guide vanes 24, spaced apart from them. The conical porous baffle 3 is used to collect and attenuate the surface water separated by the flow guiding and swirling mechanism 2.

[0035] Settling sleeve assembly 4 is disposed inside the shell 1 and located at the lower end of the conical porous baffle 3. Settling sleeve assembly 4 includes an outer ring settling cylinder 41 and an inner ring settling cylinder 42. The inner ring settling cylinder 42 and the outer ring settling cylinder 41 are coaxially nested with a gap. The outer ring settling cylinder 41 is nested in the lower inner circumference of the shell 1 and is vertically spaced opposite to the conical porous baffle 3. Settling component 421 is disposed inside the inner ring settling cylinder 42, and spiral guide ribs 411 are disposed on the inner circumference of the outer ring settling cylinder 41. Surface water containing fine particles continues to flow downward and impacts the conical porous baffle 3. It is smoothly introduced into the inner ring settling cylinder 42 of the settling sleeve assembly 4 through the center of the conical porous baffle 3. When it flows sideways through the outer peripheral edge of the conical porous baffle 3, kinetic energy loss and flow pattern breakage occur, and then it enters the outer ring settling cylinder 41.

[0036] The outer ring settling cylinder 41 and the inner ring settling cylinder 42 form an outer ring channel, while the inner ring settling cylinder 42 forms an inner ring channel. Water flowing into the inner ring channel utilizes the settling component 421 to efficiently capture fine particles. Water flowing into the outer ring channel, constrained by the spiral guide ribs 411, descends in a slow, swirling motion, utilizing residual centrifugal force and gravity to achieve secondary interception of medium and coarse particles. The concentrated sludge, after settling in the outer and inner ring channels, flows separately and ultimately converges into the sludge discharge mechanism 5.

[0037] The sludge discharge mechanism 5 is located at the bottom of the shell 1, and its upper end is connected to the settling sleeve assembly 4. It is used to discharge the sludge that has settled through the settling sleeve assembly 4. The sludge discharge mechanism 5 adopts an automatic sludge discharge method to achieve unmanned automatic operation of the device.

[0038] This invention achieves multi-stage separation and automatic slag removal of surface water within the casing, making it compatible with various mobile or fixed maintenance equipment.

[0039] As a preferred embodiment, in order to enhance the centrifugal force of the surface water entering the shell 1, the flow guiding vortex mechanism 2 further includes a blade rotation drive assembly 23 for driving the spiral guide blades 24 to rotate. The blade rotation drive assembly 23 includes a conical toothed disk 231, a bevel gear 232, and a gearbox 233. The gearbox 233 is slidably sleeved on the end of the transmission shaft 22 and connected to the inner wall of the shell 1. The conical toothed disk 231 and the bevel gear 232 are arranged inside the gearbox 233. The conical toothed disk 231 is connected to the transmission shaft 22. Several bevel gears 232 mesh with the conical toothed disk 231. The spiral guide blades 24 are arranged in a circumferential array along the gearbox 233. Each spiral guide blade 24 is slidably nested on the gearbox 233 and is connected to a bevel gear 232.

[0040] like Figures 5-6 As shown, specifically, the upper outer periphery of the gearbox 233 has ribs 234 arranged in an array, and the outer periphery of the drive shaft 22 is fitted with a crossbar 235. The two ends of the crossbar 235 are connected to the inner periphery of the housing 1. The upper end of the ribs 234 is connected to the crossbar 235, and the lower end is connected to the gearbox 233, thus fixing the gearbox 233. The gearbox 233 is a cylindrical box with through holes arranged in an array on its outer periphery. The connecting shaft at the tail of the spiral guide vane 24 is slidably nested in the through holes and connected to a bevel gear 232 inside the gearbox. At this time, when the drive motor 21 drives the drive shaft 22 to rotate, the gearbox 233 is fixed, the drive shaft 22 drives the bevel gear 231 to rotate, the bevel gear 231 drives the bevel gear 232 to rotate, and the bevel gear 232 drives the spiral guide vane 24 to rotate. At this time, the spiral guide vane 24 does not need to rotate around the drive shaft axial direction.

[0041] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the water inlet fitting 11 includes a water inlet end and several water outlet ends. The water inlet end is located outside the housing 1, and the several water outlet ends extend into the housing 1. The water outlet ends are connected in parallel and then connected to the water inlet end. Each water outlet end extends into the housing 1 and is spaced apart from a corresponding spiral guide vane 24.

[0042] like Figure 7As shown, the conical porous baffle 3 further includes a circular disc with a frustum-shaped upper surface. A central through-hole 31 is located at the center of the disc, receiving relatively clear water flowing downwards along the axis from the spiral guide vanes 24 above, thus preventing direct impact on the settling assembly 421 below. The central through-hole 31 allows fine particles and clear water to pass through, while larger particles and most of the water flow are forced towards the edge of the disc. Buffer holes 32 are arrayed on the outer periphery of the circular disc around the central through-hole 31. The array of buffer holes 32 around the central through-hole 31 forces the water flow to disperse and pass through. As the water flows through numerous buffer holes 32, local head loss and turbulent shearing occur, drastically reducing the rotational kinetic energy and impact velocity of the water flow. The buffer holes 32 can disperse the strong, single rotating flow from the guide vortex mechanism 2, transforming it into countless tiny, turbulent eddies, preventing settled particles from being re-entrained (backmixed). Furthermore, after the water flow has been de-energized by the buffer hole 32, its velocity and turbulence intensity have been significantly reduced when it enters the outer ring settling cylinder 41, creating an ideal low-disturbance environment for subsequent gravity settling.

[0043] like Figures 8-9 As shown, the settling assembly 421 further includes a hinge plate 4211 and a settling plate 4212. A pair of hinge plates are disposed opposite each other on both sides of the inner circumference of the inner ring settling cylinder 42. Each hinge plate 4211 is hinged to a settling plate 4212. The pair of settling plates 4212 are arranged in an inverted V-shape with relative spacing. Settling holes are arrayed on both the hinge plate 4211 and the settling plate 4212. The settling holes are through holes. The inverted V-shape arrangement of the pair of hinge plates 4211 gradually narrows to achieve a localized reduction in flow velocity, which is beneficial for gravity settling.

[0044] like Figures 10-11 As shown, a connecting assembly 43 is further provided between the outer ring settling cylinder 41 and the inner ring settling cylinder 42, connecting the outer ring settling cylinder 41 and the inner ring settling cylinder 42. The connecting assembly 43 includes annular ribs 431 and connecting ribs 432. The annular ribs 431 are sleeved on the outer periphery of the inner ring settling cylinder 42, and the connecting ribs 432 are arrayed on the outer periphery of the annular ribs 431, with their two ends respectively connected to the annular ribs 431 and the inner periphery of the outer ring settling cylinder 41.

[0045] As a preferred embodiment, both the upper and lower ends of the inner ring settling cylinder 42 and the outer ring settling cylinder 41 are provided with connecting components 43.

[0046] Furthermore, the lower end of the inner ring settling cylinder 42 contracts into a conical inner sleeve 422, and the lower end of the conical inner sleeve 422 has an inner sleeve tube 423. The lower end of the outer ring settling cylinder 41 contracts into a conical outer sleeve 412, and the lower end of the conical outer sleeve 412 has an outer sleeve tube 413. The inner sleeve tube 423 is simultaneously fitted around the inner circumference of the outer sleeve tube 413.

[0047] like Figure 12As shown, the sludge discharge mechanism 5 further includes a conical sludge collection hopper 51, a sewage discharge solenoid valve 52, and a suction pump 53. The conical sludge collection hopper 51 is located at the bottom of the housing 1 and communicates with the settling sleeve assembly 4. A sludge level monitoring sensor 54 is provided at the upper end of the inner circumference of the conical sludge collection hopper 51. The sewage discharge solenoid valve 52 is located at the lower end of the bottom of the conical sludge collection hopper 51, with one end communicating with the inner circumference of the conical sludge collection hopper 51 and the other end connected to the suction pump 53. The sludge level monitoring sensor 54 is used to detect the sludge position of the conical sludge collection hopper 51 to control the opening and closing of the sewage discharge solenoid valve 52 and the suction pump 53.

[0048] Specifically, the conical sludge collection hopper 51 has a small opening at the top and a large opening at the bottom. It is connected to the support 6 on its outer periphery. The upper opening is connected to the outer sleeve 413 and the inner sleeve 423 to collect the settled sludge. The lower end is narrowed and connected to the discharge solenoid valve 52. The sludge level monitoring sensor 54 is installed at the upper inner periphery (i.e., the higher position) of the conical sludge collection hopper 51 to detect the sludge accumulation height in the hopper in real time or at regular intervals.

[0049] As a preferred option, the sludge level monitoring sensor 54 can be installed on the outer sleeve at the lower end of the outer ring settling cylinder 41.

[0050] The discharge solenoid valve 52 is installed at the lower outlet of the conical sludge hopper 51, serving as the on / off valve for the sludge discharge pipeline. The suction pump 53, connected to the outlet of the discharge solenoid valve 52, provides power to extract the sludge. The sludge level monitoring sensor 54 continuously monitors the sludge deposition level within the conical sludge hopper 51. When the detected sludge level reaches the threshold set by the sludge level monitoring sensor 54, it determines that sludge discharge is required. At this time, the sludge level monitoring sensor 54 transmits a control signal to the controller 7, which is mounted on the bracket 6. The controller 7 automatically controls the discharge solenoid valve 52 to open and simultaneously starts the suction pump 53. Under the action of the suction pump 53, the concentrated sludge collected in the conical sludge hopper 51 is forcefully sucked out and discharged from the conical sludge hopper 51 through the bottom pipeline. When the sludge level drops to a safe position or the set time is reached, the discharge solenoid valve 52 and the suction pump 53 are closed, completing one sludge discharge cycle.

[0051] The present invention also provides a vortex-gravity coupled surface water pretreatment method, based on the vortex-gravity coupled surface water pretreatment device of the present invention, the method comprising the following steps: In step S1, surface water containing silt, algae, and organic debris is injected into the shell 1 through the inlet pipe 11. The water flow directly impacts the high-speed rotating spiral guide vanes 24. The drive motor 21 drives the spiral guide vanes to rotate, and using centrifugal force, the coarse particles and heavy suspended matter (such as sand and gravel, large impurities) are quickly thrown towards the inner wall of the shell 1. Due to the loss of upward kinetic energy, these coarse particles slide down the smooth inner wall of the shell, while the light water and fine particles continue to flow downward with the swirling flow, achieving primary coarse separation.

[0052] In step S2, the residual water containing fine particles, after primary separation, continues downward and violently impacts the conical porous baffle 3. The frustum structure of the conical porous baffle 3 acts as a buffer, forcing the water flow to diffuse and slow down; at the same time, some water flows downward through the buffer holes 32 on the conical surface. This process greatly attenuates the rotational kinetic energy and impact velocity of the water flow. After being attenuated by the conical porous baffle 3, the water enters the settling sleeve assembly 4. In step S3, the attenuated water flow is divided into two paths and enters the settling sleeve assembly 4 for differentiated treatment. One path enters the inner ring settling cylinder 42, where fine particles are captured by the settling assembly 421. The water flow passes through the settling assembly 421, which is arranged in an inverted V-shape. Fine particles in the water settle on the settling plate under gravity and converge at the bottom discharge area through the settling holes on the plate. The other path enters the annular gap between the outer ring settling cylinder 41 and the inner ring settling cylinder 42, where medium and coarse particles are intercepted under the guidance of the spiral guide ribs 411. Guided by multiple spiral guide ribs 411, the water flow forms a stable laminar flow, further intercepting medium and coarse suspended solids and guiding their sedimentation.

[0053] In step S4, the clarified water after sedimentation and separation continues to overflow from the top of the shell 1.

[0054] Specifically, after being separated by cyclone centrifugation and gravity sedimentation, the water level in the shell 1 continues to rise. This purified water eventually overflows from the drain outlet 12 at the top of the shell 1 and enters the next stage of deep treatment or reuse pipeline.

[0055] In step S5, the concentrated sludge after settling through the settling sleeve assembly 4 flows into the sludge discharge mechanism 5 for sludge discharge.

[0056] Specifically, all settled solid particles (sludge) eventually collect at the bottom of the conical sludge hopper 51 due to their own weight. When the sludge level monitoring sensor 54 detects that the sludge accumulation height has reached a preset threshold, the controller issues a command to open the discharge solenoid valve 52 and start the suction pump 53. The concentrated sludge is forced out of the system under the pressure of the suction pump 53 for further processing. When the sludge level monitoring sensor 54 detects that the sludge level has dropped to a low level, the suction pump 53 and the discharge solenoid valve 52 automatically close, awaiting the next discharge.

Claims

1. A vortex-gravity coupled surface water pretreatment device, characterized in that, include: The housing (1) is mounted on the support (6), and a water inlet pipe (11) is mounted on it with one end extending into its interior. The water inlet pipe (11) is used to divert surface water into the housing (1). The top of the housing (1) is provided with a drain outlet (12). The flow guiding vortex mechanism (2) includes a drive motor (21), a transmission shaft (22) and spiral guide vanes (24). The transmission shaft (22) is slidably sleeved on the top of the housing (1). The spiral guide vanes (24) are arranged in an array on the outer periphery of one end of the transmission shaft (22) which extends into the housing (1). The spiral guide vanes (24) are spaced apart from the water inlet pipe (11) to receive surface water. The other end of the transmission shaft (22) is connected to the drive motor (21). A conical porous baffle (3) is disposed inside the housing (1) and located at the lower end of the spiral guide vane (24) at a distance from it, for receiving the surface water separated by the attenuating guide vortex mechanism (2); The settling sleeve assembly (4) includes an outer ring settling cylinder (41) and an inner ring settling cylinder (42). The inner ring settling cylinder (42) and the outer ring settling cylinder (41) are coaxially nested with a gap. The outer ring settling cylinder (41) is nested in the lower inner circumference of the shell (1) and is vertically spaced opposite to the conical porous partition (3). A settling component (421) is provided inside the inner ring settling cylinder (42), and a spiral guide rib (411) is provided on the inner circumference of the outer ring settling cylinder (41). The sludge discharge mechanism (5) is located at the bottom of the housing (1) and is connected to the settling sleeve assembly (4) for discharging the sludge settled by the settling sleeve assembly (4).

2. The vortex-gravity coupled surface water pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flow guiding vortex mechanism (2) further includes a blade rotation drive assembly (23), which includes a conical toothed disk (231), a conical gear (232), and a gearbox (233). The gearbox (233) is slidably sleeved on the end of the transmission shaft (22) and connected to the inner wall of the housing (1). The conical toothed disk (231) and the conical gear (232) are disposed in the gearbox (233). The conical toothed disk (231) is connected to the transmission shaft (22). A plurality of the conical gears (232) mesh with the conical toothed disk (231). The spiral guide blades (24) are arranged circumferentially along the gearbox (233). Each spiral guide blade (24) is slidably nested on the gearbox (233) and is connected to one of the conical gears (232).

3. The vortex-gravity coupled surface water pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The settling assembly (421) includes a hinge plate (4211) and a settling plate (4212). A pair of hinge plates (4211) are arranged opposite to each other on both sides of the inner circumference of the inner ring settling cylinder (42). The settling plate (4212) is hinged to each hinge plate. The pair of settling plates (4212) are arranged in an inverted V-shape with a gap between them. Settling holes are arrayed on both the hinge plate (4211) and the settling plate (4212).

4. The vortex-gravity coupled surface water pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conical porous partition (3) includes a circular disc, the upper end of which is a frustum structure. A central through hole (31) is provided in the center of the circular disc, and buffer holes (32) are arrayed on the circular disc located on the outer periphery of the central through hole (31).

5. The vortex-gravity coupled surface water pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A connecting component (43) is provided between the outer ring settling cylinder (41) and the inner ring settling cylinder (42), and the connecting component (43) connects the outer ring settling cylinder (41) and the inner ring settling cylinder (42).

6. The vortex-gravity coupled surface water pretreatment device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The lower end of the inner ring settling cylinder (42) has a conical inner sleeve, and the lower end of the conical inner sleeve is provided with an inner sleeve tube. The lower end of the outer ring settling cylinder (41) has a conical outer sleeve, and the lower end of the conical outer sleeve is provided with an outer sleeve tube. The inner sleeve is fitted into the inner circumference of the outer sleeve tube.

7. The vortex-gravity coupled surface water pretreatment device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The water inlet fitting (11) includes a water inlet end and several water outlet ends. The water inlet end is located outside the housing (1). Several water outlet ends extend into the housing (1) and are connected in parallel to the water inlet end. Each water outlet end is spaced apart from a corresponding spiral guide vane (24).

8. A vortex-gravity coupled surface water pretreatment device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The gearbox (233) has ribs (234) arranged on the outer periphery of its upper end, and a crossbar (235) is fitted on the outer periphery of the drive shaft (22). The two ends of the crossbar (235) are connected to the inner periphery of the housing (1). The upper end of the rib (234) is connected to the crossbar (235), and the lower end is connected to the gearbox (233).

9. The vortex-gravity coupled surface water pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sludge discharge mechanism (5) includes a conical sludge collection hopper (51), a sewage discharge solenoid valve (52), a suction pump (53), and a sludge level monitoring sensor (54). The conical sludge collection hopper (51) is mounted on the support (6) and connected to the lower end of the housing (1). The sludge level monitoring sensor (54) is mounted on the upper inner circumference of the conical sludge collection hopper (51). The sewage discharge solenoid valve (52) is mounted on the lower bottom of the conical sludge collection hopper (51), with one end connected to the inner circumference of the conical sludge collection hopper (51) and the other end connected to the suction pump (53). The sludge level monitoring sensor (54) is used to detect the sludge position of the conical sludge collection hopper (51) to control the opening and closing of the sewage discharge solenoid valve (52) and the suction pump (53).

10. A vortex-gravity coupled surface water pretreatment method, based on the vortex-gravity coupled surface water pretreatment device as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1. Surface water is injected into the shell (1) through the inlet pipe (11) and guided to the spiral guide blade (24). The drive motor (21) drives the spiral guide blade (24) to rotate, so that the surface water containing coarse particles and heavy suspended matter is thrown to the inner wall of the shell (1) and slides down. S2. The residual water carrying fine particles flows downward and impacts the conical porous baffle (3), and is attenuated by the conical porous baffle (3) before entering the settling sleeve assembly (4). S3. The attenuated water flow is divided into two paths and enters the settling sleeve assembly (4). One path enters the inner ring settling cylinder (42) and is used for fine particle capture by the settling assembly (421). The other path enters the annular gap between the outer ring settling cylinder (41) and the inner ring settling cylinder (42) and is used for medium and coarse particle interception under the guidance of the spiral guide rib (411). S4. The clarified water after sedimentation and separation continues to overflow from the top of the shell (1); S5. The concentrated sludge after settling through the settling sleeve assembly (4) flows into the sludge discharge mechanism (5) for sludge discharge.

Images