A single crystal silicon residue cleaning and separating machine

Abstract

This invention provides a single-crystal silicon slag cleaning and separating machine, comprising: a belt conveyor mechanism located above a lower frame; a mobile feeder mounted above the belt conveyor mechanism; and a spray water path capable of spraying pure water onto the surface of the belt conveyor mechanism. The spray water path includes an outlet pipe and an inlet pipe. A water pump installed on the side of the lower frame is mounted on the inlet pipe, and the supply end of the inlet pipe is connected to a pure water source. The outlet pipe includes: an upper belt spray pipe located above the belt conveyor mechanism and a lower spray pipe located above the mobile feeder. The lower spray pipe and the upper belt spray pipe are arranged sequentially along the conveying direction. The belt conveyor mechanism is inclined at 2° to 10° relative to the horizontal plane, with the front end of the conveyor mechanism higher than the rear end. Both the lower spray pipe and the upper belt spray pipe are provided with water outlet holes facing the upper surface of the corrugated side belt. It is mainly used for the efficient, continuous, and automated recovery of single-crystal silicon particles from single-crystal silicon processing waste.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a separation and cleaning device for monocrystalline silicon processing waste, and more particularly to a monocrystalline silicon slag cleaning and separating machine for recovering usable monocrystalline silicon material from waste. Background Technology

[0002] During the cutting and grinding process of monocrystalline silicon ingots into silicon wafers, the waste residue generated by using polyurethane slurry wire or diamond wire cutting fluid has a complex composition. In addition to high-value monocrystalline silicon particles, it is also mixed with a large amount of high-molecular organic impurities such as polyurethane debris, polypropylene debris, rubber, nylon, and polyethylene debris. These impurities have a density similar to silicon and vary in shape, resulting in low efficiency of traditional gravity separation or simple sieving, making it difficult to achieve complete separation of silicon and organic matter.

[0003] Existing recycling processes often face problems such as incomplete removal of organic residues, significant surface damage to silicon particles, or severe contamination from chemical cleaning. This results in recycled silicon materials failing to meet photovoltaic recycling standards, limiting their direct reuse in the furnace. Therefore, developing a sorting technology that can efficiently remove various polymeric impurities and recover high-purity monocrystalline silicon particles with low loss is urgently needed to reduce photovoltaic production costs, decrease solid waste emissions, and improve resource recycling rates. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention proposes a single-crystal silicon slag cleaning and separation machine.

[0005] The cleaning and separating machine includes: a belt conveyor mechanism located above the lower frame, a mobile feeder mounted above the belt conveyor mechanism, and a spray water path capable of spraying pure water onto the surface of the belt conveyor mechanism. The spray water circuit includes an outlet pipe and an inlet pipe. The inlet pipe is equipped with a water supply pump installed on the side of the lower frame. The water supply end of the inlet pipe is connected to a pure water source. The outlet pipe includes an upper belt spray pipe located above the conveyor mechanism and a lowering spray pipe located above the moving feeder. The lowering spray pipe and the upper belt spray pipe are arranged sequentially along the conveying direction. The belt conveyor mechanism includes: a corrugated sidewall belt for conveying and separating single-crystal silicon fragments, and a drive motor that drives the corrugated sidewall belt to rotate around several support rollers in sequence through a drive pulley, a transmission belt, and a driven pulley; The belt conveyor is tilted 2° to 10° relative to the horizontal plane. The front end of the belt conveyor is higher than the rear end in the conveying direction. Both the feeding spray pipe and the upper belt spray pipe are equipped with water outlet holes facing the upper surface of the corrugated sidewall belt.

[0006] The sprayed pure water flows from the front end to the rear end of the transmission direction due to the inclined angle, and forms a water flow layer under the restriction of the corrugated sidewall belt. The impurities contained in the monocrystalline silicon slag include: polyurethane debris, polypropylene debris, rubber, nylon and polyethylene debris. The density of these impurities is usually between 0.8 and 1.6 g / cm3, while the density of monocrystalline silicon is 2.33 g / cm3. During the water flow process, the monocrystalline silicon particles will sink to the bottom and adhere to the surface of the corrugated sidewall belt, while other impurities will flow towards the rear end along with the water flow. At the same time, the corrugated sidewall belt, driven by the drive motor, transports the monocrystalline silicon particles adhered to the surface to the front end, thereby achieving the separation of monocrystalline silicon particles from impurities. In addition, the pure water also has a cleaning effect on the monocrystalline silicon particles.

[0007] Furthermore, a recycling discharge tray is provided at the front end of the conveying mechanism in the direction of transmission, and a waste discharge tray is provided at the rear end of the conveying mechanism in the direction of transmission.

[0008] Furthermore, the belt transmission mechanism has a double-layer structure, including: an upper structure equipped with a corrugated sidewall belt and a lower structure without a corrugated sidewall belt; The upper structure is equipped with vibration motors on both sides to ensure that the material above the corrugated sidewall belt is completely separated from the monocrystalline silicon and impurities during the transmission process. The lower structure is installed on the lower frame. The upper structure with the corrugated sidewall belt is connected to the lower structure by a buffer pad to prevent the vibration of the belt transmission mechanism itself from being transmitted to the lower frame.

[0009] Furthermore, the mobile feeder and the discharge spray pipe are mounted on the guide rail assembly to facilitate the adjustment of their positions. The guide rail assembly includes: a horizontal bar for mounting the mobile feeder and the discharge spray pipe, and locking sliders supported at both ends of the horizontal bar. The locking sliders are used to adjust or lock the positions of the mobile feeder and the discharge spray pipe on the guide rail assembly. The guide rail assembly is fixedly mounted on the lower frame by uprights on both sides.

[0010] The positions of the mobile feeder and the discharge spray pipe need to be adjusted by the operator based on the separation effect. If they are too close to the upper belt spray pipe, some impurities will not be separated from the monocrystalline silicon particles in time, and the material will be sent into the recycling discharge tray by the corrugated sidewall belt. If they are too far from the upper belt spray pipe, it is equivalent to lengthening the cleaning and separation area, which will improve the separation and cleaning effect, but it may also cause some monocrystalline silicon particles to not be separated from impurities in time and be washed into the waste discharge tray by the water flow, thereby reducing the recovery rate of monocrystalline silicon particles.

[0011] Furthermore, the mobile feeder includes: a bucket-shaped material box, an electromagnetic vibrator for generating a vibration effect, an elastic sheet for connecting the material box and the electromagnetic vibrator, and a discharge channel located below the material box; wherein, a discharge spray pipe is fixedly installed above the discharge channel for spraying pure water into the discharge channel to ensure that the material and pure water are mixed before falling onto the corrugated sidewall belt.

[0012] Furthermore, the front end of the conveyor belt is provided with an angle adjustment mechanism, which includes: a rectangular bracket fixedly connected to the lower frame; two long screws passing through the top layer of the rectangular bracket from top to bottom; two sets of handwheels threadedly connected to the top of the two long screws respectively; and two U-shaped blocks fixedly connected to both sides of the conveyor belt. The rear end of the conveyor belt is hinged to the lower frame via a U-shaped block, and the bottom of the two long screws is hinged to two U-shaped blocks respectively. This allows the tilt angle of the conveyor belt relative to the horizontal plane to be adjusted by rotating the handwheel. Adjusting the angle changes the water flow speed, thereby adjusting the cleaning and separation effect. The larger the tilt angle, the faster the water flow, and the more material the cleaning and separation machine processes per unit time. However, if the water flow speed is too fast, it will also cause incomplete separation of monocrystalline silicon particles and impurities, resulting in the separated monocrystalline silicon being flushed into the waste discharge tray.

[0013] Furthermore, in order to prevent some of the separated monocrystalline silicon particles from adhering wetly to the lower surface of the corrugated sidewall belt, the water outlet pipe also includes: a lower belt spray pipe located below the belt conveyor mechanism. The lower belt spray pipe is located between the recycled material discharge tray and the belt conveyor mechanism. The lower belt spray pipe has an upward-facing water outlet hole, which is used to flush the monocrystalline silicon fragments adsorbed on the lower surface of the corrugated sidewall belt into the recycled material discharge tray.

[0014] Furthermore, a pressure roller is provided above the corrugated sidewall belt, which forces the corrugated sidewall belt to remain in contact with the support rollers along the entire transmission length, ensuring that the vibration generated by the vibrating motor can be transmitted to the corrugated sidewall belt through each support roller.

[0015] The technical advantages of this invention are as follows: First, by setting the conveyor belt to an adjustable tilt angle of 2° to 10°, and using pure water spraying to form a stable water flow layer on the corrugated sidewall belt, the density difference between monocrystalline silicon particles and high-molecular organic impurities is utilized. Under the scouring action of the tilted water flow, the denser monocrystalline silicon particles automatically settle and adhere to the belt surface, and are transported and recovered in reverse, while the less dense impurities are carried away by the water flow. This achieves efficient and pollution-free physical sorting based on density differences, and the recovered silicon material has high purity, which can directly meet the standards for photovoltaic recycled materials. Second, an innovative method is to install a feeding spray pipe and an upper belt spray pipe above the moving feeder and the belt. During feeding, the material is first pre-mixed and wetted by the feeding spray pipe for initial dispersion; during the conveying and sorting process, the upper belt spray pipe continuously sprays, providing the water flow power required for sorting and simultaneously cleaning and scouring the surface of the silicon particles, removing impurities. This design combines the "separation" and "cleaning" processes into one, simplifying the process while significantly improving energy and resource utilization efficiency. Third, vibrating motors are installed on both sides of the conveyor mechanism. Vibration effectively breaks up the agglomeration of silicon particles and impurities, promoting density stratification and preventing heavy impurities from mixing with silicon and settling, ensuring thorough separation. Simultaneously, the synergistic effect of vibration and water rinsing gently and thoroughly removes impurities adhering to the silicon particle surface. Fourth, by incorporating an angle adjustment mechanism and movable guide rail components, operators can adjust the belt angle or move the feeder and spray pipe positions according to the actual separation effect. This allows the equipment to flexibly adapt to different working conditions and material handling requirements, finding the optimal process balance between high recovery rate and high purity. Fifth, the upper and lower structures, equipped with corrugated sidewall belts, are connected by buffer pads, effectively isolating vibration transmission and ensuring the stability and service life of the overall frame. Pressure rollers ensure a tight fit between the belt and support rollers, allowing vibration energy to be efficiently transmitted to the entire sorting surface. In addition, the added lower belt spray pipe can flush the silicon material adhering to the bottom of the belt into the recycling tray, further reducing material loss and improving the recycling rate. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the entire device in this invention; Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the entire device in this invention from another angle; Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the moving feeder and guide rail assembly in this invention; Figure 4 This is a perspective view of the angle adjustment mechanism and the belt transmission mechanism in this invention.

[0017] In the diagram, 1. Conveying mechanism, 2. Lower frame, 3. Moving feeder, 5. Vibrating motor, 6. Buffer pad, 7. Angle adjustment mechanism, 8. Guide rail assembly, 9. Spray water channel, 11. Corrugated sidewall belt, 12. Drive motor, 13. Drive wheel, 14. Transmission belt, 15. Driven wheel, 16. Support roller, 17. U-shaped block two, 18. Pressure roller, 21. Waste discharge tray, 22. Recycled material discharge tray, 31. Electromagnetic vibrator, 32. Elastic sheet, 33. Material box, 34. Discharge channel, 71. Handwheel, 72. Rectangular bracket, 73. Long screw, 74. U-shaped block one, 81. Horizontal bar, 82. Locking slider, 83. Vertical pole, 91. Discharge spray pipe, 92. Upper belt spray pipe, 93. Lower belt spray pipe, 94. Water supply pump, 95. Water supply end; Detailed Implementation

[0018] The following is combined Figures 1 to 4 Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

[0019] Figure 1 and Figure 2 The diagram illustrates the external structure of the entire cleaning and separating machine and the installation positions of its main components. The cleaning and separating machine includes: a belt conveyor 1 located above the lower frame 2, a mobile feeder 3 mounted above the belt conveyor 1, and a spray water path 9 capable of spraying pure water onto the surface of the belt conveyor 1. The spray water path 9 includes an outlet pipe and an inlet pipe. A water supply pump 94 is installed on the inlet pipe and mounted on the side of the lower frame 2. The water supply end 95 of the inlet pipe is connected to a pure water source. The outlet pipe includes: an upper belt spray pipe 92 located above the belt conveyor 1 and a lower spray pipe 91 located above the mobile feeder 3. The lower spray pipe 91 and the upper belt spray pipe 92 are arranged sequentially along the conveying direction. The belt conveyor 1 includes: a corrugated edge belt 11 for conveying and separating single-crystal silicon fragments, and a drive motor 12 that drives the corrugated edge belt 11 to rotate around a plurality of support rollers 16 in sequence via a drive wheel 13, a transmission belt 14, and a driven wheel 15; the belt conveyor 1 is inclined at 2° to 10° relative to the horizontal plane, and the front end of the belt conveyor 1 is higher than the rear end in the conveying direction; both the discharge spray pipe 91 and the upper belt spray pipe 92 are provided with water outlet holes facing the upper surface of the corrugated edge belt 11.

[0020] The front end of the conveying mechanism 1 in the conveying direction is provided with a recycling discharge plate 22, and the rear end of the conveying mechanism 1 in the conveying direction is provided with a waste discharge plate 21.

[0021] The belt conveyor 1 has a double-layer structure, including an upper structure with a corrugated sidewall belt 11 and a lower structure without the corrugated sidewall belt 11. The upper structure is equipped with vibration motors 5 on both sides to ensure that the material above the corrugated sidewall belt 11 is completely separated from the monocrystalline silicon and impurities during the conveying process. The lower structure is installed on the lower frame 2. The upper structure with the corrugated sidewall belt 11 and the lower structure are connected by a buffer pad 6 to prevent the vibration of the belt conveyor 1 itself from being transmitted to the lower frame 2.

[0022] The water outlet pipeline also includes: a lower belt spray pipe 93 located below the belt conveyor mechanism 1. The lower belt spray pipe 93 is located between the recycled material discharge tray 22 and the belt conveyor mechanism 1. The lower belt spray pipe 93 has an upward-facing water outlet hole, which is used to flush the monocrystalline silicon fragments adsorbed on the lower surface of the corrugated side belt 11 into the recycled material discharge tray 22.

[0023] Figure 3 The diagram illustrates the positional relationship between the mobile feeder 3 and the guide rail assembly. The mobile feeder 3 and the discharge spray pipe 91 are mounted on the guide rail assembly 8, which facilitates the adjustment of the position of the mobile feeder 3 and the discharge spray pipe 91. The guide rail assembly 8 includes: a horizontal rod 81 for mounting the mobile feeder 3 and the discharge spray pipe 91, and locking sliders 82 supported at both ends of the horizontal rod 81. The locking sliders 82 are used to adjust or lock the position of the mobile feeder 3 and the discharge spray pipe 91 on the guide rail assembly 8. The guide rail assembly 8 is fixedly mounted on the lower frame 2 by two side uprights 83. The mobile feeder 3 includes: a bucket-shaped material box 33, an electromagnetic vibrator 31 for generating a vibration effect, an elastic sheet 32 ​​for connecting the material box 33 and the electromagnetic vibrator 31, and a feeding channel 34 located below the material box 33; wherein, a feeding spray pipe 91 is fixedly installed above the feeding channel 34 for spraying pure water into the feeding channel 34. Figure 4 The connection position relationship between the angle adjustment mechanism and the belt transmission mechanism is shown. The front end of the belt transmission mechanism 1 in the transmission direction is provided with an angle adjustment mechanism 7. The angle adjustment mechanism 7 includes: a rectangular bracket 72 fixedly connected to the lower frame 2; two long screws 73 passing through the top layer of the rectangular bracket 72 from top to bottom; two sets of handwheels 71 respectively threaded to the top of the two long screws 73; and two U-shaped blocks 74 fixedly connected to both sides of the belt transmission mechanism 1. The rear end of the belt transmission mechanism 1 in the transmission direction is hinged to the lower frame 2 via U-shaped block 17, and the bottom of the two long screws 73 are respectively hinged to two U-shaped blocks 74, so that the tilt angle of the belt transmission mechanism 1 relative to the horizontal plane can be adjusted by rotating the handwheel 71.

[0024] A pressure roller 18 is provided above the corrugated sidewall belt 11, which forces the corrugated sidewall belt 11 to keep in contact with the support roller 16 along the entire transmission length direction, ensuring that the vibration generated by the vibration motor 5 can be transmitted to the corrugated sidewall belt 11 through each support roller 16.

[0025] Working Principle: The conveyor belt is installed at an angle relative to the horizontal plane, with its front end higher than its rear end. A continuous spray of pure water propels pure water onto the belt surface. Due to gravity, the water flow, constrained by the inclined, wave-shaped sidewalls of the belt, forms a stable water flow layer from the front to the rear. The density of monocrystalline silicon particles is much greater than that of the high-molecular-weight organic impurities in the mixed waste residue. During the water flow, the denser monocrystalline silicon particles overcome the water flow's thrust and sink, adhering to the upward-moving belt surface; while the less dense organic impurities are carried by the water flow and drift towards the rear end. The water flow velocity and scouring force are precisely controlled by the belt's tilt angle to adapt to the separation requirements of different materials.

[0026] The drive motor drives the corrugated sidewall belt through the transmission system, making its running direction opposite to the natural flow of water, that is, from the lower rear end to the higher front end. The monocrystalline silicon particles that sink and adhere to the surface of the belt are transported to the front end by the upward-moving belt and finally fall into the recycling discharge tray for collection. At the same time, the light impurities carried to the rear end of the belt by the water flow flow into the waste discharge tray with the overflowing water, realizing the physical spatial separation of impurities from silicon.

[0027] Vibration motors are installed on both sides of the upper structure of the conveyor belt. The vibration causes the belt and the material above it to vibrate continuously at a small amplitude. This vibration can effectively break up the adhesion and agglomeration between monocrystalline silicon particles and impurities, promote the loosening of the material, and make it more fully stratified according to density in the flowing water layer, thereby significantly improving the separation accuracy and recovery rate.

[0028] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A single-crystal silicon slag washing and separating machine, characterized in that, The cleaning and separating machine includes: a belt conveyor (1) located above the lower frame (2), a mobile feeder (3) mounted above the belt conveyor (1), and a spray water channel (9) capable of spraying pure water onto the surface of the belt conveyor (1). Among them, the spray water path (9) includes an outlet water pipe and an inlet water pipe. The inlet water pipe is equipped with a water supply pump (94) installed on the side of the lower frame (2). The water supply end (95) of the inlet water pipe is connected to a pure water source. The outlet water pipe includes: an upper belt spray pipe (92) located above the belt conveyor (1) and a lowering spray pipe (91) located above the moving feeder (3). The lowering spray pipe (91) and the upper belt spray pipe (92) are arranged in sequence along the conveying direction. The belt conveyor (1) includes: a corrugated sidewall belt (11) for conveying and separating single crystal silicon fragments, and a drive motor (12) that drives the corrugated sidewall belt (11) to rotate around a number of support rollers (16) in sequence via a drive wheel (13), a transmission belt (14), and a driven wheel (15). The belt conveyor (1) is inclined at 2° to 10° relative to the horizontal plane. The front end of the belt conveyor (1) is higher than the rear end in the conveying direction. Both the feeding spray pipe (91) and the upper belt spray pipe (92) are provided with water outlet holes facing the upper surface of the wave-edge belt (11).

2. The single-crystal silicon slag washing and separating machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front end of the conveyor belt (1) in the conveying direction is provided with a recycling material discharge plate (22), and the rear end of the conveyor belt (1) in the conveying direction is provided with a waste material discharge plate (21).

3. The single-crystal silicon slag washing and separating machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The belt transmission mechanism (1) has a double-layer structure, including: an upper structure equipped with a corrugated sidewall belt (11) and a lower structure without a corrugated sidewall belt (11); Vibration motors (5) are provided on both sides of the upper structure to ensure that the material above the corrugated side belt (11) is completely separated from impurities during the vibration process. The lower structure is installed on the lower frame (2). The upper structure with the corrugated side belt (11) and the lower structure are connected by a buffer pad (6) to prevent the vibration of the belt transmission mechanism (1) itself from being transmitted to the lower frame (2).

4. The single-crystal silicon slag washing and separating machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The mobile feeder (3) and the discharge spray pipe (91) are mounted on the guide rail assembly (8) to facilitate the adjustment of the position of the mobile feeder (3) and the discharge spray pipe (91). The guide rail assembly (8) includes: a horizontal rod (81) for mounting the mobile feeder (3) and the discharge spray pipe (91), and a locking slider (82) supported at both ends of the horizontal rod (81). The locking slider (82) is used to adjust or lock the position of the mobile feeder (3) and the discharge spray pipe (91) on the guide rail assembly (8). The guide rail assembly (8) is fixedly mounted on the lower frame (2) by two side uprights (83).

5. The single-crystal silicon slag washing and separating machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mobile feeder (3) includes: a bucket-shaped material box (33), an electromagnetic vibrator (31) for generating vibration, an elastic sheet (32) for connecting the material box (33) and the electromagnetic vibrator (31), and a feeding channel (34) located below the material box (33); wherein, a feeding spray pipe (91) is fixedly installed above the feeding channel (34) for spraying pure water into the feeding channel (34).

6. The single-crystal silicon slag washing and separating machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The front end of the belt transmission mechanism (1) in the transmission direction is provided with an angle adjustment mechanism (7). The angle adjustment mechanism (7) includes: a rectangular bracket (72) fixedly connected to the lower frame (2), two long screws (73) passing through the top layer of the rectangular bracket (72) from top to bottom, two sets of handwheels (71) respectively threaded to the top of the two long screws (73), and two U-shaped blocks (74) fixedly connected to both sides of the belt transmission mechanism (1). Among them, the rear end of the belt transmission mechanism (1) in the transmission direction is hinged to the lower frame (2) through U-shaped block two (17), and the bottom of the two long screws (73) are respectively hinged to two U-shaped blocks one (74), so as to adjust the tilt angle of the belt transmission mechanism (1) relative to the horizontal plane by rotating the handwheel (71).

7. The single-crystal silicon slag washing and separating machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The water outlet pipeline also includes: a lower belt spray pipe (93) located below the belt conveyor (1). The lower belt spray pipe (93) is located between the recycled material discharge plate (22) and the belt conveyor (1). The lower belt spray pipe (93) has an upward-facing water outlet hole, which is used to flush the single crystal silicon fragments adsorbed on the lower surface of the corrugated side belt (11) into the recycled material discharge plate (22).

8. The single-crystal silicon slag washing and separating machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The corrugated sidewall belt (11) is provided with a pressure roller (18) above it, which forces the corrugated sidewall belt (11) to keep in contact with the support roller (16) along the entire transmission length direction, ensuring that the vibration generated by the vibration motor (5) can be transmitted to the corrugated sidewall belt (11) through each support roller (16).

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