A desktop electric discharge machining machine and a control method thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a desktop EDM machine tool in the field of precision mold processing, including a control base and an operating slot. A mounting panel is provided on the top of the control base. A Z-axis mounting rod is provided on one side of the top of the mounting panel. A Z-axis lead screw is installed through one side of the Z-axis mounting rod. A lead screw mounting plate is movably provided on the top of the Z-axis mounting rod. A lifting seat is threaded onto the Z-axis lead screw. A mounting plate is provided on the side of the lifting seat away from the Z-axis mounting rod. A mounting post is installed on the end of the mounting plate away from the Z-axis mounting rod via a stud. The bottom of the mounting post is connected to an EDM head. A Z-axis drive device is provided on the mounting panel at the bottom of the Z-axis lead screw. This invention solves the technical problems of traditional EDM machines, such as large footprint, high development threshold of CNC systems, tight coupling between logic control and motion control, long debugging cycle, and difficulty in system updates and maintenance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of precision mold processing, specifically to a desktop electrical discharge machining (EDM) machine tool and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] Electrical discharge machining (EDM) equipment is widely used in precision mold processing, small parts prototyping, and teaching experiments in colleges and universities. Desktop EDM equipment belongs to the category of small precision machining equipment and is a specialized equipment category derived from industrial EDM equipment. Traditional mainstream products are mostly large industrial EDM machine tools.

[0003] Traditional industrial EDM machine tools generally adopt a split-type large frame structure, which has a large footprint and high production and maintenance costs. The internal three-axis motion components are loosely arranged and prone to motion interference. The lead screw lacks a dedicated support structure, resulting in significant vibration during operation. The machining head is fixedly assembled, making it impossible to quickly change to adapt to different electrode specifications. The workpiece working area lacks convenient operating space, and the workpiece loading and unloading operations are cumbersome. The dust and metal chips generated during the machining process lack a corresponding adsorption and collection structure. The accumulation of chips will interfere with the EDM accuracy and accelerate the wear of internal components. At the same time, the high degree of integration and binding of the various transmission components of the whole machine means that when a single axis component fails, the whole machine needs to be disassembled for repair, resulting in long downtime maintenance cycles. The traditional CNC system used with it has a complex structure and is difficult to debug, making it difficult to achieve stable and accurate three-axis feed control at low cost. It is also difficult to adapt to lightweight and low-cost desktop machining scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of existing technical solutions, the present invention provides a desktop electrical discharge machining tool and its control method, which can effectively solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is as follows: a desktop electrical discharge machining (EDM) machine tool, including a control base and an operating slot. A mounting panel is provided on the top of the control base. A Z-axis mounting rod is provided on one side of the top of the mounting panel. A Z-axis lead screw is installed through one side of the Z-axis mounting rod. A lead screw mounting plate is movably provided on the top of the Z-axis mounting rod. A lifting seat is threaded onto the Z-axis lead screw. A mounting plate is provided on the side of the lifting seat away from the Z-axis mounting rod. A mounting post is installed on the end of the mounting plate away from the Z-axis mounting rod via a stud. An EDM head is connected to the bottom of the mounting post. A Z-axis drive device is provided on the mounting panel at the bottom of the Z-axis lead screw. An X-axis mounting rod is provided at the bottom of the mounting panel. The top of the X-axis mounting rod... An X-axis movable seat is provided, and an X-axis lead screw is provided on the side wall of the X-axis mounting rod. The X-axis lead screw is threaded through the X-axis movable seat, and an X-axis drive device is provided at one end of the X-axis lead screw passing through the X-axis mounting rod. A Y-axis mounting rod is fixedly connected to the top of the X-axis movable seat, and a Y-axis movable seat is provided on the top of the Y-axis mounting rod. A Y-axis lead screw is provided on the Y-axis mounting rod, and a Y-axis drive device is connected to it. An operating groove is provided on the top of the operating groove, and a processing table is provided on the top of the operating groove. Suction grooves are provided on both sides of the operating groove, and a suction groove connecting pipe is provided on the outer wall of the suction groove. A suction pipe is movably connected to the suction groove connecting pipe, and an external fan is connected to the suction pipe.

[0006] Preferably, the Z-axis mounting rod, X-axis mounting rod, and Y-axis mounting rod are all provided with limit rods inside, and the lifting seat, X-axis moving seat, and Y-axis moving seat are all movably connected to the limit rods.

[0007] The limit rod can rigidly limit the movement of the lifting seat, X-axis moving seat, and Y-axis moving seat, preventing the overtravel of each lead screw drive component from causing collision damage to the EDM head and machining table. At the same time, it helps to limit each moving seat to slide smoothly only along the corresponding lead screw axis, preventing offset and jamming.

[0008] Preferably, the bottom of the control base is provided with a mounting base, and a control screen is provided on one side of the control base.

[0009] The mounting base is used to support the overall control base, which can make the whole machine stable and fixed in position. The exposed control panel allows operators to complete all human-machine interaction operations such as parameter setting, processing start and stop, and status viewing at close range.

[0010] Preferably, the control base includes a PLC integrated unit, which is located inside the control base and electrically connected to a spark oil pump, a digital power supply, and a current control device.

[0011] As the core control unit of the whole machine, the PLC all-in-one machine receives various detection signals and issues control commands in a unified manner. It also coordinates and manages the three types of execution components—electrode oil pump supply, digital power supply discharge output, and current control device current regulation—to achieve integrated linkage control of machining actions.

[0012] Preferably, the Z-axis mounting rod, X-axis mounting rod, and Y-axis mounting rod are each equipped with a corresponding electronic ruler, and the electronic ruler is electrically connected to the PLC integrated machine.

[0013] The three-axis electronic ruler collects real-time position data of the lifting seat, X-axis moving seat, and Y-axis moving seat and transmits it back to the PLC integrated machine, forming a three-axis closed-loop position feedback, which provides position basis for the main control unit to complete precise feed and adaptive gap adjustment.

[0014] Preferably, the control screen is a touch screen, which is electrically connected to the PLC integrated machine, and the touch screen has a parameter setter for the register.

[0015] The built-in parameter setter on the control panel can store various processing parameters into the PLC all-in-one machine's internal registers. It also features a wizard-style paginated operation interface that guides operators step-by-step through the process to complete the configuration of workpiece, electrode, and discharge parameters, reducing the learning curve for equipment operation.

[0016] Preferably, the electronic ruler uses a magnetic grating ruler or a capacitive grating ruler instead of an optical grating ruler.

[0017] Magnetic grating rulers and capacitive grating rulers can serve as low-cost equivalent replacements for optical grating rulers, suitable for applications with limited budgets and moderate requirements for machining accuracy. They can also achieve continuous position signal acquisition across three axes, ensuring the normal operation of basic closed-loop control functions.

[0018] Preferably, the Z-axis drive device, X-axis drive device, and Y-axis drive device are one of linear motors, stepper motors, and servo motors.

[0019] The three types of drive components can be flexibly replaced according to the requirements of machining accuracy and equipment cost, respectively adapting to different application scenarios such as ultra-high precision machining, economical basic machining, and stable high-precision batch machining, and can all drive the corresponding lead screw to drive the moving seat to move smoothly.

[0020] Preferably, the digital power supply and current control device uses a programmable DC power supply module in conjunction with a MOSFET switching circuit.

[0021] The programmable DC power supply module, paired with a MOSFET switching circuit, can effectively replace the original low-power digital pulse power supply. It achieves dynamic adjustment of pulse width, pulse interval, and peak current based on the circuit's on / off logic, and works with a current control device to achieve coordinated control of discharge current.

[0022] A control method, based on the aforementioned desktop electrical discharge machining tool, includes the following steps: S1: The whole machine is powered on and initialized. The PLC integrated machine located inside the control base performs a self-test and synchronously reads the position signals of the X, Y, and Z axis grating electronic rulers. It controls the X-axis drive device, Y-axis drive device, and Z-axis drive device to drive the X-axis lead screw, Y-axis lead screw, and Z-axis lead screw respectively to drive the X-axis moving seat, Y-axis moving seat, and lifting seat to complete the three-axis coordinate zeroing. At the same time, the oil pump and low-power digital pulse power supply perform self-tests, and the limit rod limit signal is verified. S2: The operator enters the processing parameters through the wizard-style paginated interface of the control screen on the control base. The parameters are stored in the PLC internal register. The workpiece is placed on the processing table and clamped through the operation slot. The suction slot is connected to the external suction equipment through the suction slot connection pipe. The suction start and stop parameters are set synchronously. S3: Perform three-axis centering and positioning. The PLC continuously collects the position of the three-axis electronic ruler and controls the X-axis drive device to move along the X-axis mounting rod, the Y-axis drive device to move along the Y-axis mounting rod, and the Z-axis drive device to move along the Z-axis mounting rod, thereby driving the EDM head on the X-axis moving seat, Y-axis moving seat, and lifting seat to complete the workpiece centering. After the centering is completed, the three-axis coordinates are zeroed and locked. S4: Start the machining process. The PLC controls the oil pump to supply oil and drives the Z-axis drive device to move the lifting seat and the EDM head downward along the Z-axis screw to approach the workpiece on the machining table. S5: The equipment collects the discharge voltage signal and determines whether the preset discharge voltage threshold has been reached; if it has not reached the threshold, it continues to control the Z-axis drive device to drive the EDM head to descend slowly; if it has reached the threshold, it enters the adaptive EDM control stage. S6: Real-time acquisition of discharge current, discharge voltage, and three-axis electronic ruler position signals during the machining process; Adaptive gap control algorithm is run based on the PLC ladder diagram + control panel macro instruction hybrid computing architecture. S7: Current closed-loop coordinated adjustment digital pulse power supply: When the discharge current is higher than the set value, the pulse power supply output is reduced and the discharge voltage is lowered; when the current is lower than the set value, the pulse power supply output is increased and the discharge voltage is raised, dynamically stabilizing the discharge gap between the EDM head and the workpiece. S8: Continuously read the depth position of the Z-axis electronic ruler and compare it with the preset machining depth; if the depth is not reached, continuously execute S5-S7 for electrical discharge machining; if the set depth is reached, jump to S9. S9: Processing completed. The PLC controls the Z-axis drive device to lift and reset the lifting seat and EDM head, shuts off the digital pulse power supply, and delays the shutdown of the oil pump and suction tank. The control screen switches to the processing completed interface, and the equipment enters standby mode.

[0023] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are: This machine tool integrates all machining motion structures, resulting in a compact and small overall design. The equipment adopts a layered three-axis lead screw transmission layout. The Z-axis drive component drives the lifting seat and EDM head vertically via the Z-axis lead screw. The X and Y-axis drive components drive their corresponding lead screws, moving the movable seat of the machining table. The three axes move independently, ensuring smooth lead screw transmission and flexible position adjustment. The lifting seat can be detachably mounted with the EDM head via mounting plates and columns, accommodating various electrode specifications. The lead screw mounting plate provides support for the lead screw, effectively reducing operational vibration. The workpiece is placed on the machining table above the operating slot, facilitating convenient workpiece loading and unloading for operators. Suction slots are located on both sides of the operating slot, with external connecting pipes to promptly absorb machining dust and metal debris, preventing impurities from affecting machining accuracy and damaging equipment components, while also improving the on-site working environment. The machine is highly integrated and does not require a large frame, which effectively controls production and maintenance costs. The three-axis transmission components are independent of each other and can be disassembled and repaired individually in case of failure, without the need to disassemble the whole machine, which greatly reduces the downtime for equipment maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a front view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a side view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a hardware block diagram of the control system of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the discharge setting software for the present invention.

[0025] Numbering on the map: 100. Control base; 101. Mounting seat; 102. Control panel; 103. Mounting panel; 104. Z-axis mounting rod; 105. Lead screw mounting plate; 106. Z-axis lead screw; 107. Lifting seat; 108. Mounting plate; 109. Mounting column; 110. EDM head; 111. Z-axis drive unit; 112. X-axis mounting rod; 113. X-axis moving seat; 114. X-axis lead screw; 115. X-axis drive unit; 116. Y-axis mounting rod; 117. Y-axis moving seat; 118. Y-axis lead screw; 119. Y-axis drive unit; 120. Limit rod; 121. Operating slot; 122. Machining table; 123. Suction slot; 124. Suction slot connecting pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0026] like Figure 1 - Figure 5As shown, a desktop EDM machine tool includes a control base 100 and an operating slot 121. A mounting panel 103 is provided on the top of the control base 100. A Z-axis mounting rod 104 is provided on one side of the top of the mounting panel 103. A Z-axis lead screw 106 is installed through one side of the Z-axis mounting rod 104. A lead screw mounting plate 105 is movably provided on the top of the Z-axis mounting rod 104. A lifting seat 107 is threaded onto the Z-axis lead screw 106. A mounting plate 108 is provided on the side of the lifting seat 107 away from the Z-axis mounting rod 104. A mounting post 109 is installed on the end of the mounting plate 108 away from the Z-axis mounting rod 104 via a stud. An EDM head 110 is connected to the bottom of the mounting post 109. A Z-axis drive device 111 is provided at the bottom of the mounting panel 103 below the Z-axis lead screw 106. An X-axis mounting rod 112 is provided at the bottom of the mounting panel 103. An X-axis moving seat 11 is provided on the top of the X-axis mounting rod 112. 3. An X-axis lead screw 114 is provided on the side wall of the X-axis mounting rod 112. The X-axis lead screw 114 is threaded through the X-axis moving seat 113. An X-axis drive device 115 is provided at one end of the X-axis lead screw 114 that passes through the X-axis mounting rod 112. A Y-axis mounting rod 116 is fixedly connected to the top of the X-axis moving seat 113. A Y-axis moving seat 117 is provided at the top of the Y-axis mounting rod 116. A Y-axis lead screw 114 is provided on the Y-axis mounting rod 116 that passes through the Y-axis moving seat 117. 18. The Y-axis lead screw 118 passes through the Y-axis mounting rod 116 and is connected to the Y-axis drive device 119. The top of the Y-axis moving seat 117 is provided with an operating groove 121. The top of the operating groove 121 is provided with a processing table 122. The two sides of the operating groove 121 are provided with suction grooves 123. The operating groove 121 is provided with a suction groove connecting pipe 124 on the outer wall of the suction groove 123. The suction groove connecting pipe 124 is movably connected to a suction pipe, and the suction pipe is connected to an external fan.

[0027] Limiting rods 120 are provided inside the Z-axis mounting rod 104, X-axis mounting rod 112 and Y-axis mounting rod 116, and the lifting seat 107, X-axis moving seat 113 and Y-axis moving seat 117 are all movably connected to the limiting rods 120.

[0028] The limit rod 120 can rigidly limit and block the movement of the lifting seat 107, the X-axis moving seat 113, and the Y-axis moving seat 117, so as to prevent the overtravel of each lead screw drive component from causing collision damage to the EDM head 110 and the machining table 122. At the same time, it helps to limit each moving seat to slide smoothly only along the corresponding lead screw axis to prevent deviation and jamming.

[0029] The bottom of the control base 100 is provided with a mounting base 101, and a control panel 102 is provided on one side of the control base 100.

[0030] Mounting base 101 is used to support the overall control base 100, which can make the whole machine stable and fixed in position. The control panel 102 is exposed, which makes it convenient for operators to complete all human-machine interaction operations such as parameter setting, processing start and stop, and status viewing at close range.

[0031] The control base 100 includes a PLC unit, which is located inside the control base 100 and is electrically connected to a spark oil pump, a digital power supply, and a current control device.

[0032] As the core control unit of the whole machine, the PLC all-in-one machine receives various detection signals and issues control commands in a unified manner. It also coordinates and manages the three types of execution components—electrode oil pump supply, digital power supply discharge output, and current control device current regulation—to achieve integrated linkage control of machining actions.

[0033] The Z-axis mounting rod 104, X-axis mounting rod 112, and Y-axis mounting rod 116 are all equipped with corresponding electronic rulers, which are electrically connected to the PLC integrated machine.

[0034] The three-axis electronic ruler collects real-time position data of the lifting seat 107, X-axis moving seat 113, and Y-axis moving seat 117 and transmits it back to the PLC integrated machine, forming a three-axis closed-loop position feedback, which provides position basis for the main control unit to complete precise feed and adaptive gap adjustment.

[0035] The control panel 102 is a touch screen, which is electrically connected to the PLC. The touch screen has a parameter setter for the register.

[0036] The parameter setter built into the control panel 102 can store various processing parameters into the internal register of the PLC all-in-one machine. It also features a wizard-style paginated operation interface that guides operators step by step through the process to complete the configuration of workpiece, electrode, and discharge parameters, reducing the learning threshold for equipment operation.

[0037] Electronic rulers use either magnetic grating rulers or capacitive grating rulers instead of optical grating rulers.

[0038] Magnetic grating rulers and capacitive grating rulers can serve as low-cost equivalent replacements for optical grating rulers, suitable for applications with limited budgets and moderate requirements for machining accuracy. They can also achieve continuous position signal acquisition across three axes, ensuring the normal operation of basic closed-loop control functions.

[0039] The Z-axis drive unit 111, X-axis drive unit 115, and Y-axis drive unit 119 employ one of the following: linear motor, stepper motor, and servo motor.

[0040] The three types of drive components can be flexibly replaced according to the requirements of machining accuracy and equipment cost, respectively adapting to different application scenarios such as ultra-high precision machining, economical basic machining, and stable high-precision batch machining, and can all drive the corresponding lead screw to drive the moving seat to move smoothly.

[0041] The digital power supply and current control device uses a programmable DC power supply module in conjunction with a MOSFET switching circuit.

[0042] The programmable DC power supply module, paired with a MOSFET switching circuit, can effectively replace the original low-power digital pulse power supply. It achieves dynamic adjustment of pulse width, pulse interval, and peak current based on the circuit's on / off logic, and works with a current control device to achieve coordinated control of discharge current.

[0043] The control method based on this desktop electrical discharge machining tool includes the following steps: S1: The entire machine is powered on and initialized. The PLC integrated machine located inside the control base 100 performs a self-test and synchronously reads the position signals of the X, Y, and Z axis grating electronic rulers. It controls the X-axis drive device 115, Y-axis drive device 119, and Z-axis drive device 111 to drive the X-axis lead screw 114, Y-axis lead screw 118, and Z-axis lead screw 106 respectively, thereby driving the X-axis moving seat 113, Y-axis moving seat 117, and lifting seat 107 to complete the three-axis coordinate zeroing. At the same time, the oil pump and low-power digital pulse power supply perform self-tests, and the limit signal of the limit rod 120 is verified. S2: The operator enters the processing parameters through the wizard-style paginated interface of the control screen 102 on the control base 100, and the parameters are stored in the PLC internal register; the workpiece is placed on the processing table 122 and clamped through the operation slot 121; the suction slot 123 is connected to the external suction device through the suction slot connecting pipe 124, and the suction start and stop parameters are set synchronously. S3: Perform three-axis centering and positioning. The PLC continuously collects the position of the three-axis electronic ruler and controls the X-axis drive device 115 to move along the X-axis mounting rod 112, the Y-axis drive device 119 to move along the Y-axis mounting rod 116, and the Z-axis drive device 111 to move along the Z-axis mounting rod 104, thereby driving the spark machining head 110 on the X-axis moving seat 113, the Y-axis moving seat 117, and the lifting seat 107 to complete the workpiece centering. After the centering is completed, the three-axis coordinates are zeroed and locked. S4: Start the machining process. The PLC controls the oil pump to supply oil and drives the Z-axis drive device 111 to drive the lifting seat 107 and the EDM head 110 to feed downward along the Z-axis lead screw 106 to approach the workpiece on the machining table 122. S5: The equipment collects the discharge voltage signal and determines whether the preset discharge voltage threshold has been reached; if it has not reached the threshold, it continues to control the Z-axis drive device 111 to drive the EDM head 110 to slowly descend; if it reaches the threshold, it enters the adaptive EDM control stage. S6: Real-time acquisition of discharge current, discharge voltage, and three-axis electronic ruler position signals during the machining process; Adaptive gap control algorithm is run based on the PLC ladder diagram + control panel 102 macro instruction hybrid computing architecture. S7: Current closed-loop coordinated adjustment digital pulse power supply: When the discharge current is higher than the set value, the pulse power supply output is reduced and the discharge voltage is lowered; when the current is lower than the set value, the pulse power supply output is increased and the discharge voltage is raised, dynamically stabilizing the discharge gap between the EDM head 110 and the workpiece. S8: Continuously read the depth position of the Z-axis electronic ruler and compare it with the preset machining depth; if the depth is not reached, continuously execute S5-S7 for electrical discharge machining; if the set depth is reached, jump to S9. S9: Processing completed. The PLC controls the Z-axis drive device 111 to lift and reset the lifting seat 107 and the EDM head 110. The digital pulse power supply is turned off, and the oil pump and suction tank 123 are shut down after a delay. The control screen 102 switches to the processing completed interface, and the equipment enters standby mode.

[0044] In this embodiment, a desktop EDM machine tool, after being powered on, performs a self-test using the PLC integrated machine in the control base 100, reads the position signals of the three-axis electronic ruler, and controls the X-axis drive device 115, Y-axis drive device 119, and Z-axis drive device 111 to drive the X-axis lead screw 114, Y-axis lead screw 118, and Z-axis lead screw 106 respectively, thereby driving the X-axis moving seat 113, Y-axis moving seat 117, and lifting seat 107 to complete the three-axis zeroing and verify the limit rod 120 signal. The operator enters the processing parameters into the register through the wizard interface of the control screen 102, places the workpiece on the processing table 122 above the operating slot 121 to complete the clamping, and connects the suction slot 123 to the external suction device through the suction slot connecting pipe 124. Subsequently, the PLC collects the position signals of the three-axis electronic ruler, drives the three-axis components to drive the lower end of the mounting column 109 to fire. The EDM head 110 centers the workpiece and locks its coordinates. After the machining starts, the oil pump supplies oil, and the Z-axis drive device 111 drives the lifting seat 107 and the EDM head 110 to move down along the Z-axis lead screw 106. The discharge voltage is collected in real time. After reaching the threshold, the machine enters adaptive machining. The equipment synchronously collects the discharge current, voltage and three-axis position. It uses the PLC ladder diagram and macro instructions of the control screen 102 to run the gap algorithm. The digital power output is dynamically adjusted according to the current to stabilize the discharge gap. The lead screw mounting plate 105 supports the Z-axis lead screw 106 to reduce vibration. The limit rods 120 of each axis constrain the movement stroke to prevent collision. The Z-axis machining depth is continuously compared. If the target is not met, the discharge machining is repeated. After the preset depth is reached, the Z-axis components are lifted and reset. The digital power supply, oil pump and air suction equipment are shut down in sequence. The control screen 102 jumps to the completion interface and the equipment goes into standby mode.

Claims

1. A desktop electric discharge machining machine tool comprising a control base (100), an operation slot (121), characterized in that: The control base (100) has a mounting panel (103) on its top. A Z-axis mounting rod (104) is provided on one side of the top of the mounting panel (103). A Z-axis lead screw (106) is installed through one side of the Z-axis mounting rod (104). A lead screw mounting plate (105) is movably provided on the top of the Z-axis mounting rod (104). A lifting seat (107) is threaded onto the Z-axis lead screw (106). A mounting plate (108) is provided on the side of the lifting seat (107) away from the Z-axis mounting rod (104). The mounting plate (108) has a mounting post (109) attached to one end away from the Z-axis mounting rod (104) via a stud. A spark machining head (110) is connected to the bottom of the mounting post (109). A Z-axis drive device (111) is located at the bottom of the Z-axis lead screw (106) on the mounting panel (103). An X-axis mounting rod (112) is located at the bottom of the mounting panel (103). An X-axis moving seat (113) is located at the top of the X-axis mounting rod (112). The sidewalls of the X-axis mounting rod (112) are provided with… X-axis lead screw (114), the X-axis lead screw (114) is threaded through X-axis moving seat (113), and an X-axis drive device (115) is provided at one end of the X-axis lead screw (114) that passes through the X-axis mounting rod (112). A Y-axis mounting rod (116) is fixedly connected to the top of the X-axis moving seat (113), and a Y-axis moving seat (117) is provided at the top of the Y-axis mounting rod (116). A Y-axis lead screw (118) is provided on the Y-axis mounting rod (116) that passes through the Y-axis moving seat (117). (118) A Y-axis drive device (119) is connected through the Y-axis mounting rod (116). An operation slot (121) is provided on the top of the Y-axis moving seat (117). A processing table (122) is provided on the top of the operation slot (121). Suction slots (123) are provided on both sides of the operation slot (121). A suction slot connecting pipe (124) is provided on the outer wall of the operation slot (121) and the suction slot connecting pipe (124) is movably connected to a suction pipe. The suction pipe is connected to an external fan.

2. A table-type electric discharge machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Z-axis mounting rod (104), X-axis mounting rod (112) and Y-axis mounting rod (116) are all equipped with limit rods (120), and the lifting seat (107), X-axis moving seat (113) and Y-axis moving seat (117) are all movably connected to the limit rods (120).

3. The desktop electrical discharge machining tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the control base (100) is provided with a mounting base (101), and a control screen (102) is provided on one side of the control base (100).

4. A desktop electrical discharge machining (EDM) machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control base (100) includes a PLC integrated machine, which is located inside the control base (100) and electrically connected to a spark oil pump, a digital power supply and a current control device.

5. A desktop electrical discharge machining (EDM) machine tool according to claim 4, characterized in that: The Z-axis mounting rod (104), X-axis mounting rod (112), and Y-axis mounting rod (116) are all equipped with corresponding electronic rulers, which are electrically connected to the PLC integrated machine.

6. A desktop electrical discharge machining tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: The control panel (102) is a touch screen, which is electrically connected to the PLC. The touch screen has a parameter setter for the register.

7. A desktop electrical discharge machining tool according to claim 5, characterized in that: The electronic ruler uses either a magnetic grating ruler or a capacitive grating ruler instead of an optical grating ruler.

8. A desktop electrical discharge machining (EDM) machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Z-axis drive device (111), X-axis drive device (115) and Y-axis drive device (119) are all of the following: linear motor, stepper motor and servo motor.

9. A desktop electrical discharge machining (EDM) machine tool according to claim 4, characterized in that: The digital power supply and current control device uses a programmable DC power supply module in conjunction with a MOSFET switching circuit.

10. A control method, based on a desktop electrical discharge machining tool according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: The whole machine is powered on and initialized. The PLC integrated machine located inside the control base (100) performs a self-test and reads the position signals of the X, Y, and Z three-axis grating electronic rulers. It controls the X-axis drive device (115), Y-axis drive device (119), and Z-axis drive device (111) to drive the X-axis lead screw (114), Y-axis lead screw (118), and Z-axis lead screw (106) respectively to drive the X-axis moving seat (113), Y-axis moving seat (117), and lifting seat (107) to complete the three-axis coordinate zeroing. At the same time, the oil pump and low-power digital pulse power supply perform self-tests, and the limit rod (120) limit signal is verified. S2: The operator enters the processing parameters through the wizard-style pagination interface of the control screen (102) on the control base (100), and the parameters are stored in the PLC internal register; the workpiece is placed on the processing table (122), and clamped through the operation slot (121). The suction slot (123) is connected to the suction device through the suction slot connecting pipe (124), and the suction start and stop parameters are set synchronously. S3: Perform three-axis centering positioning. The PLC continuously collects the position of the three-axis electronic ruler and controls the X-axis drive device (115) to move along the X-axis mounting rod (112), the Y-axis drive device (119) to move along the Y-axis mounting rod (116), and the Z-axis drive device (111) to move along the Z-axis mounting rod (104), thereby driving the EDM head (110) on the X-axis moving seat (113), the Y-axis moving seat (117), and the lifting seat (107) to complete the workpiece centering. After the centering is completed, the three-axis coordinates are zeroed and locked. S4: Start the machining process, PLC controls the oil pump to supply oil, drive the Z-axis drive device (111) to drive the lifting seat (107) and the EDM head (110) to feed downward along the Z-axis lead screw (106) to the workpiece on the machining table (122); S5: The equipment collects the discharge voltage signal and determines whether the preset discharge voltage threshold has been reached; if it has not been reached, the Z-axis drive device (111) is continuously controlled to drive the EDM head (110) to slowly descend; if it has reached the threshold, it enters the adaptive EDM control stage. S6: Real-time acquisition of discharge current, discharge voltage, and three-axis electronic ruler position signals during the processing, and operation of adaptive gap control algorithm based on PLC ladder diagram + control panel (102) macro instruction hybrid operation architecture; S7: Current closed-loop coordinated adjustment digital pulse power supply: When the discharge current is higher than the set value, the pulse power supply output is reduced and the discharge voltage is lowered; when the current is lower than the set value, the pulse power supply output is increased and the discharge voltage is raised, so as to dynamically stabilize the discharge gap between the EDM head (110) and the workpiece. S8: Continuously read the depth position of the Z-axis electronic ruler and compare it with the preset machining depth; if the depth is not reached, continuously execute S5-S7 for electrical discharge machining; if the set depth is reached, jump to S9. S9: Processing is complete. The PLC controls the Z-axis drive device (111) to lift and reset the lifting seat (107) and EDM head (110), shuts off the digital pulse power supply, and the oil pump and suction tank (123) are delayed in shutting down the corresponding suction equipment. The control panel (102) switches to the processing completion interface, and the equipment enters standby mode.

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