Ceramified mica plate aerogel composite structure and preparation method

Abstract

This invention discloses a ceramicized mica board aerogel composite structure and its preparation method, relating to the field of mica composite material technology. The ceramicized mica board aerogel composite structure of this invention comprises at least two layers of ceramicized mica boards, and a hybrid aerogel insulation layer sandwiched between the two ceramicized mica boards. The hybrid aerogel insulation layer comprises at least the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-30 parts of flame-retardant foamed charcoal; and 70-95 parts of α-Al₂O₃-poly(p-phenylenebenzodioxazole) aerogel matrix. The ceramicized mica board aerogel composite structure prepared by this invention possesses comprehensive advantages including lightweight and high strength, ultra-low thermal conductivity, excellent flame retardant properties, high electrical insulation, and superior resistance to flame impact.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mica composite materials technology, specifically to a ceramicized mica plate aerogel composite structure and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With global oil resource scarcity and the intensifying greenhouse effect, the development of new energy electric vehicles has become an inevitable trend. While these vehicles have been on the market for many years, battery safety issues persist. If a battery catches fire and goes out of control, it can instantly release high-temperature, high-pressure flames, endangering the safety of occupants. Simultaneously, thermal runaway in electric vehicles can cause hot air currents that can damage the battery pack in various directions and cause cross-contamination of other battery units, potentially leading to injury to other vehicle components and occupants. Generally, installing protective devices around the battery pack can effectively protect and delay injuries to occupants and other parts of the vehicle.

[0003] Ceramicized mica sheets possess excellent electrical insulation, high-temperature resistance, and flame impact resistance, making them widely used in thermal protection for new energy vehicle power batteries, safety protection for energy storage systems, aerospace thermal protection, and industrial fireproofing and insulation. However, pure mica sheets have a high thermal conductivity, limited insulation efficiency, and a high density, which is not conducive to lightweight design. Aerogel materials have extremely low thermal conductivity, but suffer from poor mechanical properties, brittleness, and weak flame impact resistance, making them unsuitable for use as structural components alone. Combining mica sheets with aerogels can achieve complementary advantages, but existing composite structures still suffer from weak interfacial bonding, aerogel structure collapse at high temperatures, and insufficient flame retardancy. Therefore, developing a ceramicized mica sheet-aerogel composite structure with high temperature resistance, good mechanical properties, good thermal insulation, and good flame retardancy is a pressing technical problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a ceramicized mica plate aerogel composite structure and its preparation method, thereby solving the following technical problems: Existing ceramicized mica aerogel composite structures used in battery module protection devices suffer from insufficient thermal insulation, poor mechanical properties, and collapse of the aerogel structure at high temperatures.

[0005] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: The ceramicized mica plate aerogel composite structure includes at least two ceramicized mica plates and a hybrid aerogel insulation layer composited between the two ceramicized mica plates. The hybrid aerogel insulation layer comprises at least the following raw materials by weight: 5-30 parts of flame-retardant foamed carbon; and 70-95 parts of α-Al2O3-poly(p-phenylenebenzodioxazole) aerogel matrix.

[0006] As a further aspect of the present invention: the thickness of the ceramicized mica plate is 0.2-2mm, and the thickness of the hybrid aerogel insulation layer is 1-5mm.

[0007] As a further aspect of the present invention, the method for preparing the hybrid aerogel insulation layer includes at least the following preparation steps: Poly(p-phenylenebenzodioxazole) cellulose was added to methanesulfonic acid and trifluoroacetic acid, stirred, and then α-Al2O3 was added to obtain a sol. Flame-retardant foamed carbon is added to the sol, vacuum impregnated, and then gelled in deionized water. Anhydrous ethanol is then added for aging and replacement, and after supercritical drying, a hybrid aerogel insulation layer is obtained.

[0008] As a further aspect of the present invention: the mass ratio of the poly(p-phenylenebenzodioxazole) fiber to the α-Al₂O₃ is 3-5:1.

[0009] As a further aspect of the present invention, the method for preparing the flame-retardant foamed charcoal includes at least the following preparation steps: Emulsifier, anionic surfactant, curing agent and foaming agent are added to methyl phenolic resin, stirred and foamed and carbonized to obtain foamed carbon; The foamed carbon was added to dilute nitric acid and ultrasonically treated, then washed and dried to obtain activated foamed carbon. N,N-dimethylformamide, water, and anhydrous ethanol were mixed, and then aluminum nitrate nonahydrate and terephthalic acid were added. After dissolving, the activated foamed carbon was added, and after hydrothermal reaction, the mixture was washed and dried to obtain flame-retardant foamed carbon.

[0010] As a further aspect of the present invention: the flame-retardant foamed carbon is foamed carbon loaded with MOF nanoparticles, and the loading amount of the MOF nanoparticles is 10-30wt%, and the mass ratio of the aluminum nitrate nonahydrate to the terephthalic acid is 3-3.5:1.

[0011] As a further aspect of the present invention: the mass ratio of the emulsifier, the anionic surfactant, the curing agent, the foaming agent and the methyl phenolic resin is 8-12:1-2:4-6:6-10:100, and the concentration of the dilute nitric acid is 10-20 wt%.

[0012] As a further aspect of the present invention: the ceramicized mica plate and the hybrid aerogel insulation layer are bonded together by an adhesive, and the adhesive is at least one of high-temperature resistant epoxy resin, silicone, polyimide, or inorganic phosphate adhesive.

[0013] The preparation method of the ceramicized mica plate aerogel composite structure as described in any of the above methods includes at least the following preparation steps: An adhesive is applied to the upper and lower surfaces of the hybrid aerogel insulation layer, and then a ceramicized mica plate is attached to the upper and lower surfaces of the hybrid aerogel insulation layer to obtain a pre-made product. The pre-made product is placed in a mold and hot-pressed to obtain a ceramicized mica plate aerogel composite structure.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: The ceramicized mica aerogel composite structure prepared by this invention involves composited with a flame-retardant foamed carbon-reinforced α-Al₂O₃-poly(p-phenylenebenzodioxazole) aerogel insulation layer between two ceramicized mica layers, forming a "sandwich" structure. At room temperature, it exhibits both low density and high compressive strength. When exposed to fire or high temperatures, the outer mica layer rapidly ceramicizes to form a dense insulation shell, effectively isolating oxygen and heat radiation. The inner aerogel layer maintains a stable nanoporous network, blocking heat flow penetration and avoiding the collapse defects of traditional single aerogel materials at high temperatures. The ceramicized mica aerogel composite structure prepared by this invention can be widely used in fireproof partitions for new energy vehicle battery modules, thermal insulation pads for battery cells in energy storage power stations, high-temperature cabin linings in aerospace, fireproof sheathing for special cables, and energy-saving insulation for industrial kilns. Furthermore, the mica ceramic fiber aerogel composite structure prepared by this invention, when installed between individual cells inside the battery pack, can significantly improve the overall safety performance of the battery pack, including its heat resistance, high-temperature ablation resistance, flame retardancy, and insulation. In particular, it can improve impact resistance and effectively reduce the risk of overall combustion and explosion of the battery pack when high-temperature combustion generates explosive pressure inside the battery pack.

[0015] The hybrid aerogel insulation layer prepared in this invention uses poly(p-phenylene benzodioxazole) molecular chains as a flexible framework, and in-situ composites α-Al₂O₃ nanoparticles and MOF-supported carbon foam to form an organic-inorganic-carbon hybrid hierarchical porous aerogel. First, using poly(p-phenylene benzodioxazole) as the aerogel framework matrix, it possesses excellent thermal stability, ultra-high strength, and intrinsic flame retardancy. After doping with α-Al₂O₃ nanoparticles, on the one hand, physical cross-linking points are formed in the poly(p-phenylene benzodioxazole) matrix to enhance mechanical properties; on the other hand, α-Al₂O₃ can act as a ceramicizing agent at high temperatures, promoting the formation of a dense alumina protective layer. Second, carbon foam is introduced as a second-phase reinforcing framework. Carbon foam has a three-dimensional interconnected macroporous structure, which not only provides gas diffusion channels and stress buffer space, but also maintains structural integrity at high temperatures. It forms a hybrid reinforcing network with the poly(p-phenylene benzodioxazole) aerogel, significantly improving the compressive strength and thermal shock resistance of the composite material. Furthermore, the in-situ negative MOF nanoparticles on the foamed carbon framework prepared in this invention decompose into activated alumina at high temperatures, undergoing a synergistic ceramization reaction with α-Al₂O₃ and the aluminosilicate components in the mica board to form a continuous, dense, and robust ceramic protective layer, effectively blocking the propagation of flame and heat into the interior. Simultaneously, the microporous structure of the MOF nanoparticles, the macropores of the foamed carbon, and the mesopores of the poly(p-phenylenebenzodioxazole) aerogel constitute a multi-level pore structure, greatly extending the heat conduction path of gas molecules and significantly reducing the thermal conductivity. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] Example 1: The preparation method of flame-retardant foamed charcoal includes the following steps: 10g of emulsifier castor oil polyoxyethylene ether, 1.5g of anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, 5g of curing agent p-toluenesulfonic acid, and 8g of foaming agent petroleum ether were added to 100g of methyl phenolic resin. After stirring evenly, the mixture was poured into a molding mold and placed in a 65℃ forced-air drying oven for 30 minutes to complete foaming. Then, the temperature was increased to 500℃ at a rate of 2℃ / min, and then increased to 900℃ at a rate of 1℃ / min. The mixture was then held at 900℃ for 2 hours to complete carbonization and obtain foamed carbon. The above-mentioned foamed carbon was added to a 15wt% dilute nitric acid solution, ultrasonically treated for 40 min, removed and washed with deionized water until neutral, and then dried in an 80℃ oven for 12 h to obtain activated foamed carbon. Mix 130 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide, 49 mL of water, and 36 mL of anhydrous ethanol. Then add 8.34 g of aluminum nitrate nonahydrate and 2.46 g of terephthalic acid. After dissolving, add 10 g of the activated foamed carbon. Let it stand at room temperature and then transfer it to a reaction vessel. Place the reaction vessel in an oven and react at 150 °C for 8 h. After the reaction is complete, repeatedly wash the sample with distilled water and anhydrous ethanol to remove excess chemical reagents. Place it in an 80 °C vacuum drying oven and dry for 12 h to obtain flame-retardant foamed carbon.

[0018] Example 2: The preparation method of the hybrid aerogel insulation layer includes the following steps: Poly(p-phenylene benzodioxazole) fiber (HM type) was ultrasonically cleaned in acetone for 30 min, repeated 3 times, and then placed in an oven at 80℃ for 24 h. 10 g of the dried poly(p-phenylene benzodioxazole) fiber was added to 200 g of methanesulfonic acid and 200 g of trifluoroacetic acid. After magnetic stirring for 48 h, 3 g of α-Al2O3 (DCS-01S) was added and magnetic stirring was continued to obtain a sol. 1.44g of the flame-retardant foamed carbon prepared in Example 1 was added to the above sol, placed in a vacuum dryer, evacuated to -0.095MPa, and vacuum impregnated for 30min. After the vacuum was released, it was allowed to stand for another 1h, and then placed in deionized water to gel. After gelation, anhydrous ethanol was added for aging and replacement for 48h. After supercritical drying with anhydrous ethanol as the medium, a hybrid aerogel insulation layer was obtained.

[0019] Example 3: The preparation method of the hybrid aerogel insulation layer includes the following steps: Poly(p-phenylene benzodioxazole) fiber (HM type) was ultrasonically cleaned in acetone for 30 min, repeated 3 times, and then placed in an oven at 80℃ for 24 h. 10 g of the dried poly(p-phenylene benzodioxazole) fiber was added to 200 g of methanesulfonic acid and 200 g of trifluoroacetic acid. After magnetic stirring for 48 h, 3 g of α-Al2O3 (DCS-01S) was added and magnetic stirring was continued to obtain a sol. Add 3.25g of the flame-retardant foamed carbon prepared in Example 1 to the above sol, place it in a vacuum dryer, evacuate to -0.095MPa, vacuum impregnate for 30min, release the vacuum and continue to stand for 1h, then place it in deionized water to gel form, after gelation, add anhydrous ethanol for aging replacement for 48h, and after supercritical drying with anhydrous ethanol as the medium, obtain the hybrid aerogel insulation layer.

[0020] Example 4: The preparation method of the hybrid aerogel insulation layer includes the following steps: Poly(p-phenylene benzodioxazole) fiber (HM type) was ultrasonically cleaned in acetone for 30 min, repeated 3 times, and then placed in an oven at 80℃ for 24 h. 10 g of the dried poly(p-phenylene benzodioxazole) fiber was added to 200 g of methanesulfonic acid and 200 g of trifluoroacetic acid. After magnetic stirring for 48 h, 3 g of α-Al2O3 (DCS-01S) was added and magnetic stirring was continued to obtain a sol. Add 5.57g of the flame-retardant foamed carbon prepared in Example 1 to the above sol, place it in a vacuum dryer, evacuate to -0.095MPa, vacuum impregnate for 30min, release the vacuum and continue to stand for 1h, then place it in deionized water to gel and form. After gelation, add anhydrous ethanol for aging and replacement for 48h, and then perform supercritical drying with anhydrous ethanol as the medium to obtain a hybrid aerogel insulation layer.

[0021] Example 5: The preparation method of the ceramicized mica plate aerogel composite structure includes the following steps: Using a scraper, the adhesive silicone high-temperature resistant adhesive (SIPA 1820) is evenly coated on the upper and lower surfaces of the hybrid aerogel insulation layer prepared in Example 2. Two ceramicized mica plates are aligned and attached to the upper and lower surfaces of the above-coated hybrid aerogel insulation layer and pressed together to obtain a pre-made product. The assembled prefabricated product was placed in a mold, and the hot pressing temperature was set to 150℃ and the pressure to 2MPa. After hot pressing for 30 minutes, it was naturally cooled to below 50℃, the pressure was released, and it was placed in a 120℃ forced-air drying oven for 2 hours of post-curing treatment to obtain a ceramicized mica board aerogel composite structure.

[0022] Example 6: The preparation method of the ceramicized mica plate aerogel composite structure includes the following steps: Using a scraper, the adhesive silicone high-temperature resistant adhesive (SIPA 1820) is evenly coated on the upper and lower surfaces of the hybrid aerogel insulation layer prepared in Example 3. Two ceramicized mica plates are aligned and attached to the upper and lower surfaces of the above-coated hybrid aerogel insulation layer and pressed firmly to obtain the pre-made product. The assembled prefabricated product was placed in a mold, and the hot pressing temperature was set to 150℃ and the pressure to 2MPa. After hot pressing for 30 minutes, it was naturally cooled to below 50℃, the pressure was released, and it was placed in a 120℃ forced-air drying oven for 2 hours of post-curing treatment to obtain a ceramicized mica board aerogel composite structure.

[0023] Example 7: The preparation method of the ceramicized mica plate aerogel composite structure includes the following steps: Using a scraper, the adhesive silicone high-temperature resistant adhesive (SIPA 1820) is evenly coated on the upper and lower surfaces of the hybrid aerogel insulation layer prepared in Example 4. Two ceramicized mica plates are aligned and attached to the upper and lower surfaces of the above-coated hybrid aerogel insulation layer and pressed firmly to obtain the pre-made product. The assembled prefabricated product was placed in a mold, and the hot pressing temperature was set to 150℃ and the pressure to 2MPa. After hot pressing for 30 minutes, it was naturally cooled to below 50℃, the pressure was released, and it was placed in a 120℃ forced-air drying oven for 2 hours of post-curing treatment to obtain a ceramicized mica board aerogel composite structure.

[0024] Comparative Example 1: The preparation method of the hybrid aerogel insulation layer includes the following steps: Poly(p-phenylene benzodioxazole) fiber (HM type) was ultrasonically cleaned in acetone for 30 min, repeated 3 times, and then placed in an oven at 80℃ for 24 h. 10 g of the dried poly(p-phenylene benzodioxazole) fiber was added to 200 g of methanesulfonic acid and 200 g of trifluoroacetic acid, and magnetically stirred for 48 h to obtain a sol. Add 3.25g of the flame-retardant foamed carbon prepared in Example 1 to the above sol, place it in a vacuum dryer, evacuate to -0.095MPa, vacuum impregnate for 30min, release the vacuum and continue to stand for 1h, then place it in deionized water to gel and form. After gelation, add anhydrous ethanol for aging replacement for 48h, and then perform supercritical drying with anhydrous ethanol as the medium to obtain a hybrid aerogel insulation layer.

[0025] Comparative Example 2: The preparation method of the hybrid aerogel insulation layer includes the following steps: Poly(p-phenylene benzodioxazole) fiber (HM type) was ultrasonically cleaned in acetone for 30 min, repeated 3 times, and then placed in an oven at 80℃ for 24 h. 10 g of the dried poly(p-phenylene benzodioxazole) fiber was added to 200 g of methanesulfonic acid and 200 g of trifluoroacetic acid and magnetically stirred for 48 h. Then, 3 g of α-Al2O3 (DCS-01S) was added and magnetic stirring was continued. The mixture was then placed in deionized water to gel. After gelation, anhydrous ethanol was added for aging and replacement for 48 h. After supercritical drying with anhydrous ethanol as the medium, a hybrid aerogel insulation layer was obtained.

[0026] Comparative Example 3: The preparation method of the aerogel insulation layer includes the following steps: Poly(p-phenylene benzodioxazole) fiber (HM type) was ultrasonically cleaned in acetone for 30 min, repeated 3 times, and then placed in an oven at 80℃ for 24 h. 10 g of the dried poly(p-phenylene benzodioxazole) fiber was added to 200 g of methanesulfonic acid and 200 g of trifluoroacetic acid, and magnetically stirred for 48 h. Then it was placed in deionized water to gel. After gelation, anhydrous ethanol was added for aging and replacement for 48 h. After supercritical drying with anhydrous ethanol as the medium, an aerogel insulation layer was obtained.

[0027] Compared with Example 5, Comparative Example 4 only replaced the hybrid aerogel insulation layer set in Example 5 with the hybrid aerogel insulation layer without α-Al2O3 nanoparticles prepared in Comparative Example 1. The remaining components and preparation methods are completely the same as those in Example 5.

[0028] Compared with Example 5, Comparative Example 5 only replaced the hybrid aerogel insulation layer set in Example 5 with the hybrid aerogel insulation layer without flame-retardant foam carbon prepared in Comparative Example 2. The remaining components and preparation methods are completely the same as those in Example 5.

[0029] Compared with Example 5, Comparative Example 6 only replaced the hybrid aerogel insulation layer set in Example 5 with the non-hybrid aerogel insulation layer prepared in Comparative Example 3. The remaining components and preparation methods were completely the same as those in Example 5.

[0030] Performance testing Compression performance test: The dynamic thermomechanical analyzer was used for testing. Before use, the fixture must be installed and calibrated. The pre-tension was set to 0.01N, the compression rate was 100% / min, the tensile rate was 100% / min, and the 60% deformation compressive strength was tested. The test results are shown in Table 1. Thermal protection performance test: The test was conducted according to T / ZZB 1722-2020. Instruments: a gas torch capable of generating different high-temperature flames by adjusting the propane or butane flow rate, and a K-type thermocouple thermometer with a 1.5m insulated stainless steel sheath. Sample size and number: (200mm±10mm)×(280mm±10mm), 3 pieces; Measurement procedure: The sample was placed vertically at a distance of 65mm±5m from the flame. The flame was ignited, and the propane or butane flow rate was adjusted so that the temperature of the side of the sample facing the flame was 1100±100℃. The sample was burned at this temperature and maintained for 5 minutes. Then the flame was removed, and the sample was checked for burn-through. The temperature of the back side of the sample was also tested. The test results are shown in Table 1. Thermal conductivity: Thermal conductivity was tested using a thermal constant analyzer. Two 3cm×3cm specimens were used to wrap around the polyamide 5465 probe. The specimens were placed on two stainless steel specimen stages to form a typical "sandwich" structure. A block specimen testing module was used to observe whether the values ​​of transient temperature rise and overall ratio on characteristic time were accurate. The values ​​were adjusted to be within normal range by adjusting the heating power and testing time to determine the thermal conductivity of the specimen. The measurement was repeated three times and the average value was taken. The test results are shown in Table 1. Vertical burning test (UL-94): The specimen (130mm×13mm×3mm) was subjected to UL-94 rating test using a CZF-5 horizontal and vertical burning tester; the test results are shown in Table 1; Table 1: Statistical Table of Performance Test Data for Specimens from Examples 5-7 and Comparative Examples 4-6 Example 5 82 0.024 142 Not burned through V-0 Example 6 108 0.022 128 Not burned through V-0 Example 7 135 0.023 135 Not burned through V-0 Comparative Example 4 71 0.027 185 Not burned through V-0 Comparative Example 5 42 0.031 210 Microcracks V-0 Comparative Example 6 28 0.038 295 Burn through V-0 As shown in Table 1, the ceramicized mica plate aerogel composite structure prepared by the present invention has excellent mechanical properties, low thermal conductivity and excellent resistance to flame impact. In Comparative Example 4, the hybrid aerogel insulation layer without α-Al2O3 nanoparticles resulted in a slight decrease in both compressive strength and thermal conductivity of the resulting ceramicized mica board aerogel composite structure. Although it did not burn through in the flame test, slight carbonization appeared at the edges, indicating that the absence of α-Al2O3 weakened the density of the high-temperature ceramicized protective layer. In Comparative Example 5, the hybrid aerogel insulation layer without flame-retardant foam carbon resulted in a significant decrease in compressive strength and an increase in thermal conductivity of the resulting ceramicized mica board aerogel composite structure. It also burned through in the flame test, indicating that the absence of foam carbon led to a lack of rigid support in the aerogel skeleton, causing the structure to collapse at high temperatures and failing to effectively block flames. In Comparative Example 6, the aerogel insulation layer was a pure poly(p-phenylene benzodioxazole) aerogel layer. The resulting ceramicized mica board aerogel composite structure had the lowest compressive strength and the highest thermal conductivity, and burned through rapidly in the flame test, indicating that a single poly(p-phenylene benzodioxazole) aerogel could not meet the requirements for high-temperature thermal protection.

[0031] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0032] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of one embodiment of the present invention, but this description is merely a preferred embodiment and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent variations and modifications made within the scope of the claims of this invention should still fall within the patent coverage of this invention.

Claims

1. A ceramicized mica plate aerogel composite structure, characterized in that, It includes at least two layers of ceramicized mica panels, and a hybrid aerogel insulation layer composited between the two ceramicized mica panels; The hybrid aerogel insulation layer comprises at least the following raw materials by weight: 5-30 parts of flame-retardant foamed carbon; and 70-95 parts of α-Al2O3-poly(p-phenylenebenzodioxazole) aerogel matrix.

2. The ceramized mica sheet aerogel composite structure of claim 1, wherein, The thickness of the ceramicized mica plate is 0.2-2 mm, and the thickness of the hybrid aerogel insulation layer is 1-5 mm.

3. The ceramicized mica plate aerogel composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the hybrid aerogel insulation layer includes at least the following preparation steps: Poly(p-phenylenebenzodioxazole) cellulose was added to methanesulfonic acid and trifluoroacetic acid, stirred, and then α-Al2O3 was added to obtain a sol. Flame-retardant foamed carbon is added to the sol, vacuum impregnated, and then gelled in deionized water. Anhydrous ethanol is then added for aging and replacement, and after supercritical drying, a hybrid aerogel insulation layer is obtained.

4. The ceramicized mica plate aerogel composite structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the poly(p-phenylenebenzodioxazole) fiber to the α-Al₂O₃ is 3-5:

1.

5. The ceramicized mica plate aerogel composite structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The preparation method of the flame-retardant foamed charcoal includes at least the following preparation steps: Emulsifier, anionic surfactant, curing agent and foaming agent are added to methyl phenolic resin, stirred and foamed and carbonized to obtain foamed carbon; The foamed carbon was added to dilute nitric acid and ultrasonically treated, then washed and dried to obtain activated foamed carbon. N,N-dimethylformamide, water, and anhydrous ethanol were mixed, and then aluminum nitrate nonahydrate and terephthalic acid were added. After dissolving, the activated foamed carbon was added, and after hydrothermal reaction, the mixture was washed and dried to obtain flame-retardant foamed carbon.

6. The ceramicized mica plate aerogel composite structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The flame-retardant foamed carbon is foamed carbon loaded with MOF nanoparticles, and the loading amount of the MOF nanoparticles is 10-30 wt%. The mass ratio of the aluminum nitrate nonahydrate to the terephthalic acid is 3-3.5:

1.

7. The ceramicized mica plate aerogel composite structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the emulsifier, the anionic surfactant, the curing agent, the foaming agent, and the methyl phenolic resin is 8-12:1-2:4-6:6-10:100, and the concentration of the dilute nitric acid is 10-20 wt%.

8. The ceramicized mica plate aerogel composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramicized mica plate and the hybrid aerogel insulation layer are bonded together by an adhesive, and the adhesive is at least one of high-temperature resistant epoxy resin, silicone, polyimide, or inorganic phosphate adhesive.

9. The method for preparing the ceramicized mica plate aerogel composite structure according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, It includes at least the following preparation steps: An adhesive is applied to the upper and lower surfaces of the hybrid aerogel insulation layer, and then a ceramicized mica plate is attached to the upper and lower surfaces of the hybrid aerogel insulation layer to obtain a pre-made product. The pre-made product is placed in a mold and hot-pressed to obtain a ceramicized mica plate aerogel composite structure.