Bionic corrugated self-adaptive tire of earwig

Abstract

This application relates to an earwig-inspired wavy adaptive tire, the tire body of which includes a rim, an airtight layer disposed on the periphery of the rim, a diagonal ply layer disposed on the airtight layer, a tread disposed on the diagonal ply layer, and an earwig-inspired chordal wavy pattern composed of multiple micro-diamond-shaped protrusions disposed on the tread, the surface of the earwig-inspired chordal wavy pattern being provided with transverse grooves; the adaptive tire has low ground impact, strong terrain adaptive conformation ability, simple structure and high wear resistance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of tire technology, and more particularly to an earwig-inspired wavy adaptive tire. Background Technology

[0002] As the core component of a vehicle in contact with the ground, tires directly affect the vehicle's driving stability, comfort, wear resistance, and safety. Traditional tires, with their uniform tread pattern, suffer from high impact on the ground, poor self-adaptive contact, and are prone to slippage and uneven wear. Existing bionic tires employ complex structures such as segmented moving blocks and hinges to improve contact performance, but these are complex, cumbersome to manufacture, and costly. Furthermore, the joints are prone to wear and breakage, requiring a supporting frame, making mass production difficult. In addition, existing bionic tires struggle to balance wear resistance and deformation resistance, often sacrificing strength or contact performance. Therefore, developing a bionic tire with a simple structure, mature technology, controllable cost, and combining self-adaptive contact, deformation resistance, and high wear resistance is a pressing technical challenge. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address or partially address the problems existing in related technologies, this application provides an earwig-inspired corrugated adaptive tire, which has low ground impact, strong terrain-adaptive conformity, simple structure, and high wear resistance.

[0004] This application discloses an earwig-inspired corrugated adaptive tire, the tire body of which includes a rim, an airtight layer is provided on the periphery of the rim, a diagonal ply layer is provided on the airtight layer, a tread is provided on the diagonal ply layer, and an earwig-inspired chordal corrugation composed of multiple micro-diamond protrusions is provided on the tread, the surface of which is provided with transverse grooves.

[0005] Optionally, the earwig-inspired string-shaped ripples are set as string-shaped ripples that are continuously distributed along the circumference of the rim, with the axis of the ripples forming an angle of 15° to 19° with the overall tire circumference.

[0006] Optionally, the entire tire carcass and the internal structure of the airtight layer have square perforations.

[0007] Optionally, the carcass material is made from a mixture of natural rubber, recycled rubber, silica, and vegetable oil plasticizer; the oblique plywood layer uses two layers of nylon plywood; and the airtight layer uses butyl rubber.

[0008] Optionally, the earwig-inspired string-shaped ripples have a peak height of 8-20mm, a trough depth of 3-5mm, a wavelength of 50-70cm, and three complete ripples distributed circumferentially.

[0009] Optionally, the earwig-inspired string-shaped ripples have an amplitude of 5mm, a wavelength of 55mm, an angle of 17° between the ripple axis and the tire circumference, and three circumferential ripples.

[0010] Optionally, the width of the transverse grooves is 10mm, the depth is 10mm, the spacing between adjacent transverse grooves is 50mm, and they are evenly distributed along the corrugated surface.

[0011] Optionally, the height of the micro-diamond protrusions is 10 mm, and they are evenly distributed on the crests of the ripples.

[0012] Optionally, in the tire carcass material, the mass ratio of natural rubber to recycled rubber is 7:3, with silica added as a reinforcing agent and vegetable oil plasticizer added as an environmentally friendly plasticizer.

[0013] Optionally, in the tire carcass material, the mass ratio of natural rubber to recycled rubber is 7:3, with silica added as a reinforcing agent and vegetable oil plasticizer added as an environmentally friendly plasticizer.

[0014] The technical solution provided in this application may include one of the following beneficial effects: This application utilizes the wave trajectory and deflection characteristics of earwig feet to achieve gradual grounding through corrugated elastic deformation, reducing impact and providing lateral adaptive conformation to complex road surfaces, significantly improving grip and anti-slip capabilities. The integrated design has no moving parts and employs traditional molding and vulcanization processes, requiring no equipment modifications and greatly reducing manufacturing difficulty and cost. Two layers of nylon fabric and a corrugated structure work together to resist deformation, ensuring controllable load deformation. Continuous corrugations eliminate stress concentration, and silica reinforcement enhances wear resistance, achieving an wear resistance index of 260. The blend of natural and recycled rubber, along with vegetable oil plasticizers, and the absence of a metal skeleton result in low raw material costs and compliance with green manufacturing principles. It is suitable for complex road surfaces such as ordinary, muddy, and bumpy surfaces, and is applicable to vehicles traveling at low to medium speeds.

[0015] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The above and other objects, features and advantages of this application will become more apparent from the more detailed description of exemplary embodiments thereof in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals generally represent the same components in the exemplary embodiments thereof.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure shown in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view shown in an embodiment of this application; Figure label: 1. Tire body; 2. Tire tread; 3. Earwig-inspired string-shaped ripples; 4. Square openwork; 5. Miniature diamond-shaped protrusions; 6. Diagonal plywood layer; 7. Airtight layer; 8. Rim. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Embodiments of this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While embodiments of this application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that this application may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make this application more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of this application to those skilled in the art.

[0019] It should be understood that although the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., may be used in this application to describe various information, this information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, without departing from the scope of this application, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0020] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0021] Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0022] To address the aforementioned problems, this application provides an earwig-inspired wavy adaptive tire. The technical solution of this application embodiment is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The image shows an earwig-inspired wavy adaptive tire, adapted for 32-inch off-road tires.

[0024] In this application, the tire body 1 includes a rim 8, an airtight layer 7 is provided on the periphery of the rim 8, a diagonal plywood layer 6 is provided on the airtight layer 7, a tread 2 is provided on the diagonal plywood layer 6, and an earwig-inspired string-shaped corrugation 3 composed of multiple micro-diamond protrusions 5 is provided on the tread 2. The surface of the earwig-inspired string-shaped corrugation 3 is provided with transverse grooves, the width of the transverse grooves is 10mm, the depth is 10mm, the spacing between adjacent transverse grooves is 50mm, and they are evenly distributed along the corrugation surface. Among them, the height of the micro-diamond-shaped protrusions 5 is 10mm, and they are evenly distributed on the crests of the corrugations. The earwig-inspired string-shaped corrugations 3 are set as string-shaped corrugations continuously distributed along the circumference of the rim 8. The axis of the corrugations forms an angle of 15°~19° with the overall tire circumference, with 17° being the optimal choice. The crest height of the earwig-inspired string-shaped corrugations 3 is 8-20mm, with 15mm being the optimal choice. The trough depth is 3-5mm, with 4mm being the optimal choice. The wavelength is 50-70cm, with 60cm being the optimal choice. There are 3 complete corrugations distributed circumferentially. The amplitude of the earwig-inspired string-shaped corrugations 3 is... The diameter is 5mm, the wavelength is 55mm, the angle between the corrugation axis and the tire circumference is 17°, and the number of circumferential corrugations is 3. The tread 2 and airtight layer 7 of the entire tire body 1 have square hollows 4 inside. In terms of materials, the tire body 1 is made of a mixture of natural rubber, recycled rubber, silica and vegetable oil plasticizer. Specifically, the mass ratio of natural rubber to recycled rubber is 7:3, silica is added as a reinforcing agent, and vegetable oil plasticizer is added as an environmentally friendly plasticizer. The oblique plywood layer 6 is made of 2 layers of nylon plywood. The airtight layer 7 is made of butyl rubber.

[0025] Alternatively, the sidewall thickness of the tire body 1 is greater than that of other parts of the tread, eliminating the need for an additional annular support frame. The anti-deformation effect is achieved through the synergy between the oblique plywood layer and the tread corrugation structure.

[0026] The specific structural design of the tire is as follows: The tire's overall parameters are: outer diameter 520mm, inner diameter 440mm, section height 80mm. Rim diameter 420mm, axle diameter 120mm. Material selection: The carcass 1 is made of 70% natural rubber and 30% recycled rubber, with 12 phr of silica added as a reinforcing agent and 5 phr of vegetable oil plasticizer as an environmentally friendly plasticizer; the reinforcing layer is made of two layers of nylon bias-ply fabric 6 with a cord angle of 35°; the inner layer is a butyl rubber airtight layer 7 with a thickness of 20 mm. Tread pattern design: Tread 2 features continuously distributed earwig-inspired chordal ripples 3 along the circumference, with an amplitude of 10mm (peak height 20mm, trough depth 5mm, wavelength 550mm). The ripple axis forms a 17° angle with the tire circumference, and three complete ripples are distributed circumferentially. Transverse grooves, 20mm wide and 20mm deep, with a spacing of 10mm, are opened on the surface of the earwig-inspired chordal ripples 3 and are evenly distributed along the ripple surface. At the peak of the earwig-inspired chordal ripples 3, there are miniature diamond-shaped protrusions 5 with a height of 10mm and a diagonal length of 20mm × 15mm, which are evenly distributed. In production, the traditional molding and vulcanization process is adopted, with the mold pre-set with patterns that match the corrugations, grooves, and diamond protrusions, forming the product in one go.

[0027] This application utilizes the wave trajectory and deflection characteristics of earwig feet to achieve gradual grounding through corrugated elastic deformation, reducing impact and providing lateral adaptive conformation to complex road surfaces, significantly improving grip and anti-slip capabilities. The integrated design has no moving parts and employs traditional molding and vulcanization processes, requiring no equipment modifications and greatly reducing manufacturing difficulty and cost. Two layers of nylon fabric and a corrugated structure work together to resist deformation, ensuring controllable load deformation. Continuous corrugations eliminate stress concentration, and silica reinforcement enhances wear resistance, achieving an wear resistance index of 260. The blend of natural and recycled rubber, along with vegetable oil plasticizers, and the absence of a metal skeleton result in low raw material costs and compliance with green manufacturing principles. It is suitable for complex road surfaces such as ordinary, muddy, and bumpy surfaces, and is applicable to vehicles traveling at low to medium speeds.

[0028] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The image shows an earwig-inspired wavy adaptive tire, adapted for 32-inch off-road tires.

[0029] In this application, the tire body 1 includes a rim 8, an airtight layer 7 is provided on the periphery of the rim 8, a diagonal plywood layer 6 is provided on the airtight layer 7, a tread 2 is provided on the diagonal plywood layer 6, and an earwig-inspired string-shaped corrugation 3 composed of multiple micro-diamond protrusions 5 is provided on the tread 2. The surface of the earwig-inspired string-shaped corrugation 3 is provided with transverse grooves, the width of the transverse grooves is 10mm, the depth is 10mm, the spacing between adjacent transverse grooves is 50mm, and they are evenly distributed along the corrugation surface. Among them, the height of the micro-diamond-shaped protrusions 5 is 10mm, and they are evenly distributed on the crests of the corrugations. The earwig-inspired string-shaped corrugations 3 are set as string-shaped corrugations continuously distributed along the circumference of the rim 8. The axis of the corrugations forms an angle of 15°~19° with the overall tire circumference, with 16° being the optimal choice. The crest height of the earwig-inspired string-shaped corrugations 3 is 8-20mm, with 9mm being the optimal choice. The trough depth is 3-5mm, with 3mm being the optimal choice. The wavelength is 50-70cm, with 50cm being the optimal choice. There are 3 complete corrugations distributed circumferentially. The amplitude of the earwig-inspired string-shaped corrugations 3 is... The diameter is 5mm, the wavelength is 55mm, the angle between the corrugation axis and the tire circumference is 17°, and the number of circumferential corrugations is 3. The tread 2 and airtight layer 7 of the entire tire body 1 have square hollows 4 inside. In terms of materials, the tire body 1 is made of a mixture of natural rubber, recycled rubber, silica and vegetable oil plasticizer. Specifically, the mass ratio of natural rubber to recycled rubber is 7:3, silica is added as a reinforcing agent, and vegetable oil plasticizer is added as an environmentally friendly plasticizer. The oblique plywood layer 6 is made of 2 layers of nylon plywood. The airtight layer 7 is made of butyl rubber.

[0030] Alternatively, the sidewall thickness of the tire body 1 is greater than that of other parts of the tread, eliminating the need for an additional annular support frame. The anti-deformation effect is achieved through the synergy between the oblique plywood layer and the tread corrugation structure.

[0031] The specific structural design of the tire is as follows: The tire's overall parameters are: outer diameter 520mm, inner diameter 440mm, section height 80mm. Rim diameter 420mm, axle diameter 120mm. Material selection: The carcass 1 is made of 70% natural rubber and 30% recycled rubber, with 12 phr of silica added as a reinforcing agent and 5 phr of vegetable oil plasticizer as an environmentally friendly plasticizer; the reinforcing layer is made of two layers of nylon bias-ply fabric 6 with a cord angle of 35°; the inner layer is a butyl rubber airtight layer 7 with a thickness of 20 mm. Tread pattern design: Tread 2 features continuously distributed earwig-inspired string-shaped ripples 3 along the circumference, with an amplitude of 10mm (peak height 20mm, trough depth 5mm, wavelength 550mm). The ripple axis forms a 17° angle with the tire circumference, and three complete ripples are distributed circumferentially. Transverse grooves, 20mm wide and 20mm deep, with a spacing of 10mm, are opened on the surface of the earwig-inspired string-shaped ripples 3 and are evenly distributed along the ripple surface. At the top of the peaks of the earwig-inspired string-shaped ripples 3, there are miniature diamond-shaped protrusions 5 with a height of 10mm and a diagonal length of 20mm × 15mm, which are evenly distributed.

[0032] In production, the traditional molding and vulcanization process is adopted, with the mold pre-set with patterns that match the corrugations, grooves, and diamond protrusions, forming the product in one go.

[0033] This application utilizes the wave trajectory and deflection characteristics of earwig feet to achieve gradual grounding through corrugated elastic deformation, reducing impact and providing lateral adaptive conformation to complex road surfaces, significantly improving grip and anti-slip capabilities. The integrated design has no moving parts and employs traditional molding and vulcanization processes, requiring no equipment modifications and greatly reducing manufacturing difficulty and cost. Two layers of nylon fabric and a corrugated structure work together to resist deformation, ensuring controllable load deformation. Continuous corrugations eliminate stress concentration, and silica reinforcement enhances wear resistance, achieving an wear resistance index of 260. The blend of natural and recycled rubber, along with vegetable oil plasticizers, and the absence of a metal skeleton result in low raw material costs and compliance with green manufacturing principles. It is suitable for complex road surfaces such as ordinary, muddy, and bumpy surfaces, and is applicable to vehicles traveling at low to medium speeds.

[0034] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The image shows an earwig-inspired wavy adaptive tire, adapted for 32-inch off-road tires.

[0035] In this application, the tire body 1 includes a rim 8, an airtight layer 7 is provided on the periphery of the rim 8, a diagonal plywood layer 6 is provided on the airtight layer 7, a tread 2 is provided on the diagonal plywood layer 6, and an earwig-inspired string-shaped corrugation 3 composed of multiple micro-diamond protrusions 5 is provided on the tread 2. The surface of the earwig-inspired string-shaped corrugation 3 is provided with transverse grooves, the width of the transverse grooves is 10mm, the depth is 10mm, the spacing between adjacent transverse grooves is 50mm, and they are evenly distributed along the corrugation surface. Among them, the height of the micro-diamond-shaped protrusions 5 is 10mm, and they are evenly distributed on the crests of the corrugations. The earwig-inspired string-shaped corrugations 3 are set as string-shaped corrugations continuously distributed along the circumference of the rim 8. The axis of the corrugations forms an angle of 15°~19° with the overall tire circumference, with 18° being the optimal choice. The crest height of the earwig-inspired string-shaped corrugations 3 is 8-20mm, with 19mm being the optimal choice. The trough depth is 3-5mm, with 5mm being the optimal choice. The wavelength is 50-70cm, with 70cm being the optimal choice. There are 3 complete corrugations distributed circumferentially. The amplitude of the earwig-inspired string-shaped corrugations 3 is... The diameter is 5mm, the wavelength is 55mm, the angle between the corrugation axis and the tire circumference is 17°, and the number of circumferential corrugations is 3. The tread 2 and airtight layer 7 of the entire tire body 1 have square hollows 4 inside. In terms of materials, the tire body 1 is made of a mixture of natural rubber, recycled rubber, silica and vegetable oil plasticizer. Specifically, the mass ratio of natural rubber to recycled rubber is 7:3, silica is added as a reinforcing agent, and vegetable oil plasticizer is added as an environmentally friendly plasticizer. The oblique plywood layer 6 is made of 2 layers of nylon plywood. The airtight layer 7 is made of butyl rubber.

[0036] Alternatively, the sidewall thickness of the tire body 1 is greater than that of other parts of the tread, eliminating the need for an additional annular support frame. The anti-deformation effect is achieved through the synergy between the oblique plywood layer and the tread corrugation structure.

[0037] The specific structural design of the tire is as follows: The tire's overall parameters are: outer diameter 520mm, inner diameter 440mm, section height 80mm. Rim diameter 420mm, axle diameter 120mm. Material selection: The carcass 1 is made of 70% natural rubber and 30% recycled rubber, with 12 phr of silica added as a reinforcing agent and 5 phr of vegetable oil plasticizer as an environmentally friendly plasticizer; the reinforcing layer is made of two layers of nylon bias-ply fabric 6 with a cord angle of 35°; the inner layer is a butyl rubber airtight layer 7 with a thickness of 20 mm. Tread pattern design: Tread 2 features continuously distributed earwig-inspired string-shaped ripples 3 along the circumference, with an amplitude of 10mm (peak height 20mm, trough depth 5mm, wavelength 550mm). The ripple axis forms a 17° angle with the tire circumference, and three complete ripples are distributed circumferentially. Transverse grooves, 20mm wide and 20mm deep, with a spacing of 10mm, are opened on the surface of the earwig-inspired string-shaped ripples 3 and are evenly distributed along the ripple surface. At the top of the peaks of the earwig-inspired string-shaped ripples 3, there are miniature diamond-shaped protrusions 5 with a height of 10mm and a diagonal length of 20mm × 15mm, which are evenly distributed.

[0038] In production, the traditional molding and vulcanization process is adopted, with the mold pre-set with patterns that match the corrugations, grooves, and diamond protrusions, forming the product in one go.

[0039] This application utilizes the wave trajectory and deflection characteristics of earwig feet to achieve gradual grounding through corrugated elastic deformation, reducing impact and providing lateral adaptive conformation to complex road surfaces, significantly improving grip and anti-slip capabilities. The integrated design has no moving parts and employs traditional molding and vulcanization processes, requiring no equipment modifications and greatly reducing manufacturing difficulty and cost. Two layers of nylon fabric and a corrugated structure work together to resist deformation, ensuring controllable load deformation. Continuous corrugations eliminate stress concentration, and silica reinforcement enhances wear resistance, achieving an wear resistance index of 260. The blend of natural and recycled rubber, along with vegetable oil plasticizers, and the absence of a metal skeleton result in low raw material costs and compliance with green manufacturing principles. It is suitable for complex road surfaces such as ordinary, muddy, and bumpy surfaces, and is applicable to vehicles traveling at low to medium speeds.

[0040] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relationships such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "include," "contain," or any other variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0041] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0042] The various embodiments of this application have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical application, or improvement of the technology in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An earwig-inspired corrugated adaptive tire, the tire carcass (1) comprising a rim (8), characterized in that, An airtight layer (7) is provided on the periphery of the rim (8), a diagonal plywood layer (6) is provided on the airtight layer (7), a tread (2) is provided on the diagonal plywood layer (6), and an earwig biomimetic string-shaped corrugation (3) composed of multiple micro-diamond protrusions (5) is provided on the tread (2), and transverse grooves are provided on the surface of the earwig biomimetic string-shaped corrugation (3).

2. The earwig-inspired corrugated adaptive tire according to claim 1, characterized in that: The earwig-inspired string-shaped ripples (3) are configured as string-shaped ripples continuously distributed along the circumference of the rim (8), with the axis of the ripples forming an angle of 15°~19° with the overall tire circumference.

3. The earwig-inspired corrugated adaptive tire according to claim 1, characterized in that: The entire tire body (1) has square perforations (4) in the tread (2) and airtight layer (7).

4. The earwig-inspired corrugated adaptive tire according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tire body (1) is made of a mixture of natural rubber, recycled rubber, silica and vegetable oil plasticizer; the oblique plywood layer (6) is made of two layers of nylon plywood; the airtight layer (7) is made of butyl rubber.

5. The earwig-inspired corrugated adaptive tire according to claim 1, characterized in that: The earwig-inspired string-shaped ripples (3) have a peak height of 8-20 mm, a trough depth of 3-5 mm, a wavelength of 50-70 cm, and three complete ripples distributed circumferentially.

6. The earwig-inspired corrugated adaptive tire according to claim 5, characterized in that: The earwig-inspired string-shaped corrugation (3) has an amplitude of 5 mm, a wavelength of 55 mm, an angle of 17° between the corrugation axis and the tire circumference, and a number of 3 circumferential corrugations.

7. The earwig-inspired corrugated adaptive tire according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transverse grooves are 10mm wide and 10mm deep, with a spacing of 50mm between adjacent transverse grooves, and are evenly distributed along the corrugated surface.

8. The earwig-inspired corrugated adaptive tire according to claim 1, characterized in that: The micro-diamond protrusions (5) are 10 mm high and are evenly distributed on the crests of the ripples.

9. The earwig-inspired corrugated adaptive tire according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the tire carcass (1) material, the mass ratio of natural rubber to recycled rubber is 7:3, silica is added as a reinforcing agent, and vegetable oil plasticizer is added as an environmentally friendly plasticizer.

10. An earwig-inspired corrugated adaptive tire according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sidewall thickness of the tire body (1) is greater than that of other parts of the tread, so there is no need to set up an additional ring support skeleton. It relies on the skewed plywood layer and the tread corrugation structure to achieve anti-deformation.

Images