A vertical section meteorological observation unmanned aerial vehicle hovering and releasing system

Abstract

This invention discloses a hovering and launching system for a vertical profile meteorological observation UAV, including a UAV and a meteorological observation device suspended below the UAV by ropes; the UAV is equipped with a winch for raising and lowering the ropes; a ranging radar is installed below the meteorological observation device; the controller controls the winch to raise and lower the ropes based on the relative sea level height detected by the ranging radar, enabling the meteorological observation device to accurately detect meteorological data at different altitudes; this invention can effectively avoid altitude errors caused by UAV attitude fluctuations, significantly improve altitude control accuracy, and ensure the accuracy and consistency of meteorological element data collection at different altitude levels.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of meteorological observation technology, specifically relating to a hovering and launching system and control method for vertical profile meteorological observation UAVs. Background Technology

[0002] Evaporation waveguides are surface waveguide structures in the lower layer of the ocean-atmosphere boundary layer where the humidity vertical gradient changes dramatically due to the interaction between the sea and the atmosphere. They are an important environmental factor affecting near-shore radar detection and communication systems. They can extend the radar range by allowing radio waves to propagate beyond the line of sight with low attenuation, but they can also create radar blind spots due to beam trapping, which has a significant impact on maritime combat situational awareness and communication support.

[0003] Currently, the detection methods of evaporation waveguides mainly include the following three types: (1) balloon sounding, although the deployment and operation are simple, the vertical resolution of the near-sea surface is low, the data cost is high, it is easily disturbed by wind field, it cannot be reused and the detection efficiency is low; (2) shore-based meteorological towers, which can realize long-term continuous observation, but the spatial coverage is limited to the shore or islands, and it is difficult to obtain data of the target sea area; (3) shipborne detection system, which can carry out sea navigation observation, but the vertical coverage is insufficient due to the size of the ship, the detection efficiency is low and the cost is high.

[0004] Existing detection methods have significant shortcomings in terms of detection accuracy: traditional methods have limited vertical resolution, making it difficult to accurately capture the fine temperature, humidity, and pressure structure of the near-sea surface layer (the main area where evaporation waveguides occur), and the measurement data are easily affected by the platform itself, such as balloon swaying and ship size limitations, resulting in large errors in the calculation of the corrected refractive index profile, and making it impossible to accurately invert the height and intensity of the evaporation waveguide. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a hovering and launching system for vertical profile meteorological observation UAVs. The system uses a UAV platform to carry meteorological detection payloads, and a winch accurately adjusts the altitude of the meteorological detection payloads. It effectively solves the problems of insufficient vertical resolution, difficulty in acquiring near-sea surface data, and the influence of platform disturbances in traditional methods, and achieves efficient, accurate, and low-cost detection of evaporation waveguide parameters.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] The first aspect of the present invention provides a hovering and launching system for a vertical profile meteorological observation UAV, including a UAV and a meteorological observation device suspended below the UAV by a rope; the UAV is equipped with a winch for retracting and launching the rope;

[0008] The meteorological observation device is equipped with a ranging radar below it; the controller controls the winch to raise and lower the rope according to the relative sea level height detected by the ranging radar, so that the meteorological observation device can accurately detect meteorological data at different altitudes.

[0009] Furthermore, the meteorological observation device includes a housing with at least two lifting lugs; each lifting lug is connected by a rope to a movable locking buckle that can rotate 360 ​​degrees; the movable locking buckle is connected by a rope to a winch; the movable locking buckle is used to prevent the ropes connected to the lifting lugs from getting tangled together.

[0010] Furthermore, the ranging radar is a millimeter-wave ranging radar, and the ranging radar is located at the bottom of the housing.

[0011] Furthermore, the meteorological observation device includes a mounting frame; the mounting frame is equipped with a meteorological measurement module, a battery pack, and a data acquisition and control board; the meteorological measurement module is located on the top of the mounting frame and outside the housing; the battery pack and the data acquisition and control board are located inside the housing; the battery pack supplies power to the meteorological measurement module and the data acquisition and control board.

[0012] The meteorological measurement module and the data acquisition control board are electrically connected. The data acquisition control board is used to store the meteorological data collected by the meteorological measurement module. The data acquisition control board is wirelessly connected to the server and sends the stored meteorological data to the server via wireless communication.

[0013] Furthermore, the meteorological measurement module integrates a temperature sensor for monitoring atmospheric temperature, a humidity sensor for monitoring atmospheric humidity, an anemometer for wind speed and direction, and a pressure sensor for monitoring atmospheric pressure.

[0014] Furthermore, the ranging radar, meteorological measurement module, battery pack, and data acquisition and control board are all located on the central axis of the housing.

[0015] Furthermore, the mounting frame includes, from top to bottom, a top plate, a first connecting plate, a second connecting plate, and a third connecting plate; the top plate, the first connecting plate, the second connecting plate, and the third connecting plate are connected by a plurality of support columns;

[0016] The meteorological measurement module is mounted on the top plate; the battery pack is mounted between the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate; the data acquisition and control board is mounted on the third connecting plate; the top plate is bolted to the housing and is sealed to the opening of the housing.

[0017] Furthermore, the second and third connecting plates are provided with limiting holes; the housing is provided with limiting posts; the limiting holes and the limiting posts cooperate to limit the mounting bracket.

[0018] Furthermore, a sealing ring is provided between the top plate and the housing.

[0019] Furthermore, the top plate is evenly distributed with multiple connecting parts, and the housing is provided with a flange; the connecting parts are provided with mounting holes, and bolts pass through the mounting holes to connect to the flange of the housing.

[0020] Furthermore, a thickened portion is provided at the connection between the outer wall of the housing and the flange, and the wall thickness of the thickened portion is greater than the wall thickness of the outer wall of the housing.

[0021] Furthermore, the outer surface of the housing is covered with a protective cover, on which heat dissipation holes are evenly distributed.

[0022] Furthermore, the bottom of the housing is provided with support feet, which correspond one-to-one with the lifting lugs.

[0023] Furthermore, the support leg and the lifting lug are integrally formed to form a fixing column; the fixing column is fixed to the outside of the shell to increase the strength of the shell.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0025] This invention uses a ranging radar to collect real-time altitude data of a meteorological observation device relative to the sea level. A controller precisely drives a winch to raise and lower the rope based on a preset altitude threshold, stably controlling the observation device to hover at various target observation altitudes and enabling continuous collection of layered meteorological elements. This automated control method eliminates the need for on-site personnel, significantly reducing the risks associated with manual high-altitude observation at sea. It also eliminates altitude deviations caused by manual adjustments, ensuring the accuracy and consistency of meteorological data collection such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and air pressure at different altitudes. The entire control logic responds rapidly, automatically switching observation altitudes according to meteorological observation needs, continuously acquiring complete vertical profile meteorological information, and enhancing the three-dimensional monitoring capabilities of marine meteorology. The equipment features fully closed-loop automatic control, reducing data loss and delays caused by human intervention, resulting in stronger data continuity. The device is adaptable to complex sea conditions, with excellent anti-interference capabilities for radar altitude detection, and the winch's uniform raising and lowering speed, replacing the drone's ascent and descent, reduces data errors. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the meteorological observation UAV hovering and launching system provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the meteorological observation device provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a front view of the meteorological observation device provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the shell provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the mounting bracket provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0031] In the diagram, 1 is the shell, 11 is the protective cover, 12 is the lifting lug, 13 is the flange, 14 is the thickened part, 15 is the support foot, 2 is the mounting bracket, 21 is the top plate, 211 is the connecting part, 22 is the first connecting plate, 23 is the second connecting plate, 24 is the third connecting plate, 25 is the support column, 26 is the guide hole, 3 is the meteorological measurement module, 4 is the battery pack, 5 is the data acquisition and control board, 6 is the ranging radar, 7 is the UAV, 8 is the winch, and 9 is the rope. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, this embodiment provides a hovering and launching system for a vertical profile meteorological observation UAV, including a UAV 7 and a meteorological observation device suspended below the UAV by a rope 9; the UAV 7 is equipped with a winch 8 for launching and retracting the rope 9; in this embodiment, the UAV 7 and the winch 8 are electrically connected and disconnected quickly by a quick-connect switch.

[0034] The meteorological observation device is equipped with a ranging radar 6 below it; the controller controls the winch 8 to raise and lower the rope according to the relative sea level height detected by the ranging radar 6, so as to realize the hovering, raising and lowering of the meteorological observation device, and enable the meteorological observation device to accurately detect meteorological data at different altitudes.

[0035] Traditional methods of directly adjusting the altitude of meteorological observation devices using drones are susceptible to flight attitude deviations, resulting in poor altitude control accuracy and potential deviations in meteorological observation data. This embodiment utilizes a ranging radar 6 to collect real-time altitude data of the device relative to sea level. A controller precisely drives a winch to raise and lower the rope to complete altitude adjustment, forming a stable closed-loop control mechanism. This effectively avoids altitude errors caused by drone attitude fluctuations, significantly improves altitude control accuracy, and ensures the accuracy and consistency of meteorological data collection at different altitude levels.

[0036] The meteorological observation device includes a housing 1, which in this embodiment is cylindrical and has a single opening at the top; the housing 7 is provided with at least two lifting lugs 12; each lifting lug 12 is connected to a movable locking buckle that can rotate 360 ​​degrees via a rope; the movable locking buckle is connected to a winch 8 via a rope 9; the movable locking buckle is used to prevent the ropes connected to the lifting lugs from getting tangled together.

[0037] In this embodiment, the movable latch capable of 360-degree rotation includes an upper connector, a lower connector, and a slewing bearing. The upper connector and the lower connector are rotatably connected via the slewing bearing. The upper connector and the lower connector are configured to rotate 360 ​​degrees relative to each other around the same vertical axis. The upper connector is provided with a first lifting ring, which is connected to the winch via a first rope. The lower connector is provided with a second lifting ring, which is connected to the lifting lug via a second rope.

[0038] The meteorological observation device also includes a mounting frame 2; the mounting frame 2 is equipped with a meteorological measurement module 3, a battery pack 4, and a data acquisition and control board 5; the meteorological measurement module 3 is located on the top of the mounting frame 2 and outside the housing 1; the battery pack 4 and the data acquisition and control board 5 are located inside the housing 1; the battery pack 4 supplies power to the meteorological measurement module 3 and the data acquisition and control board 5.

[0039] The meteorological measurement module 3 and the data acquisition control board 4 are electrically connected. The data acquisition control board 4 is used to store the meteorological data collected by the meteorological measurement module. The data acquisition control board 4 is wirelessly connected to the server and sends the stored meteorological data to the server through wireless communication.

[0040] In this embodiment, the data acquisition control board 4 is used to receive and cache the raw meteorological data collected by the meteorological measurement module. After preprocessing, quality verification, and timestamp marking of the raw meteorological data, it is stored. The local storage medium on the data acquisition control board is configured to support cyclic overwrite storage and breakpoint resume. The data acquisition control board is also used to upload the processed meteorological data to the server through the communication interface and receive control commands issued by the remote server to adjust the sampling frequency of the meteorological measurement module. The data acquisition control board further integrates an anomaly monitoring and self-recovery module. When a data communication interruption or storage anomaly is detected, the local cache protection mechanism is automatically triggered and data retransmission is performed after communication is restored.

[0041] In this embodiment, the meteorological measurement module 3 integrates a temperature sensor for monitoring atmospheric temperature, a humidity sensor for monitoring atmospheric humidity, an anemometer, and a pressure sensor for monitoring atmospheric pressure.

[0042] The ranging radar 6, meteorological measurement module 3, battery pack 4, and data acquisition and control board 5 are all located on the central axis of the housing, so that the weight distribution of each functional module is concentrated at the geometric center of the housing, effectively reducing the eccentric moment of the housing during hoisting and operation, and improving the dynamic stability and wind vibration resistance of the overall structure. The ranging radar 6 is a millimeter-wave ranging radar, which is located at the bottom of the housing 1. The millimeter-wave ranging radar uses millimeter-wave electromagnetic waves for detection and has the characteristics of strong penetration of rain, fog, dust and haze, high ranging accuracy and excellent anti-electromagnetic interference performance. It can achieve stable and reliable non-contact distance measurement under complex weather conditions.

[0043] like Figure 5 As shown, the mounting frame 2 includes, from top to bottom, a top plate 21, a first connecting plate 22, a second connecting plate 23, and a third connecting plate 24; the top plate 21, the first connecting plate 22, the second connecting plate 23, and the third connecting plate 24 are connected by a number of support columns 25; the mounting frame 2 and the housing 1 form a plug-in structure to facilitate the replacement and maintenance of the battery pack and the data acquisition and control board.

[0044] The meteorological measurement module 3 is mounted on the top plate 21; the battery pack 4 is mounted between the first connecting plate 22 and the second connecting plate 23; and the data acquisition and control board 5 is mounted on the third connecting plate 24.

[0045] The top plate 21 is sealed to the opening of the housing 1, and a sealing ring is provided between the top plate 21 and the housing 1; a plurality of connecting parts 211 are evenly distributed on the top plate 21, and the housing 1 is provided with a flange 13; the connecting parts 211 are provided with mounting holes, and bolts pass through the mounting holes to connect to the flange 13 of the housing 1.

[0046] The second connecting plate 23 and the third connecting plate 24 are provided with limiting holes 26; the housing 1 is provided with limiting posts; the limiting holes 26 cooperate with the limiting posts to limit the mounting frame 1.

[0047] like Figure 4 As shown, a thickened portion 14 is provided at the connection between the outer wall of the housing 1 and the flange 13, and the wall thickness of the thickened portion 14 is greater than the wall thickness of the outer wall of the housing 1; the housing is covered with a protective cover 11, and the protective cover 11 is provided with uniformly distributed heat dissipation holes.

[0048] The bottom of the housing 1 is provided with a support foot 15, which corresponds one-to-one with the lifting lug 12. The support foot 15 and the lifting lug 12 are integrally formed to form a fixing column; the fixing column is fixed to the outside of the housing to increase the strength of the housing.

[0049] Working principle: The controller controls the winch 8 to raise and lower the rope 9 based on the relative sea level height detected by the ranging radar 6, so as to realize the hovering, raising and lowering of the meteorological observation device, and enable the meteorological measurement module 3 to accurately detect meteorological data at different heights;

[0050] The data acquisition control board 5 is used to receive and cache the raw meteorological data collected by the meteorological measurement module 3, perform preprocessing, quality verification and timestamp marking on the raw meteorological data, and then store it. The processed meteorological data is then uploaded to the server through the communication interface.

[0051] In this embodiment, a meteorological observation device is carried on a drone, enabling meteorological data collection at any location near the sea surface. This overcomes the limitations of traditional fixed platforms in acquiring micro-scale meteorological data near the sea surface. The meteorological measurement module is hoisted to a preset height via a winch, movable locking mechanism, and ropes, achieving precise deployment of multiple sites and layer-by-layer data collection along the vertical direction, thereby effectively improving the vertical resolution of the atmospheric boundary layer. Furthermore, the controller dynamically corrects the hoisting position based on real-time altitude feedback from the ranging radar, significantly reducing the impact of drone platform disturbances on the measurement data and ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the meteorological data.

[0052] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hovering and launching system for a vertical profile meteorological observation UAV, characterized in that, Includes a drone and a meteorological observation device suspended below the drone by ropes; the drone is equipped with a winch for retrieving and deploying the ropes; The meteorological observation device is equipped with a ranging radar below it; the controller controls the winch to raise and lower the rope according to the relative sea level height detected by the ranging radar, so that the meteorological observation device can accurately detect meteorological data at different altitudes.

2. The hovering and launching system for vertical profile meteorological observation UAVs according to claim 1, characterized in that, The meteorological observation device includes a housing with at least two lifting lugs; each lifting lug is connected by a rope to a movable locking buckle that can rotate 360 ​​degrees; the movable locking buckle is connected by a rope to a winch; the movable locking buckle is used to prevent the ropes connected to the lifting lugs from getting tangled together.

3. The hovering and launching system for vertical profile meteorological observation UAVs according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ranging radar is a millimeter-wave ranging radar, and the ranging radar is located at the bottom of the housing.

4. The hovering and launching system for vertical profile meteorological observation UAVs according to claim 2, characterized in that, The meteorological observation device includes a mounting frame; the mounting frame is equipped with a meteorological measurement module, a battery pack, and a data acquisition and control board; the meteorological measurement module is located on the top of the mounting frame and outside the housing; the battery pack and the data acquisition and control board are located inside the housing; the battery pack supplies power to the meteorological measurement module and the data acquisition and control board. The meteorological measurement module and the data acquisition control board are electrically connected. The data acquisition control board is used to store the meteorological data collected by the meteorological measurement module. The data acquisition control board is wirelessly connected to the server and sends the stored meteorological data to the server via wireless communication.

5. The hovering and launching system for vertical profile meteorological observation UAVs according to claim 4, characterized in that, The meteorological measurement module integrates a temperature sensor for monitoring atmospheric temperature, a humidity sensor for monitoring atmospheric humidity, an anemometer for wind speed and direction, and a pressure sensor for monitoring atmospheric pressure.

6. The hovering and launching system for vertical profile meteorological observation UAVs according to claim 4, characterized in that, The ranging radar, meteorological measurement module, battery pack and data acquisition and control board are all located on the central axis of the housing.

7. The hovering and launching system for vertical profile meteorological observation UAVs according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mounting frame includes, from top to bottom, a top plate, a first connecting plate, a second connecting plate, and a third connecting plate; the top plate, the first connecting plate, the second connecting plate, and the third connecting plate are connected by a number of support columns; The meteorological measurement module is mounted on the top plate; the battery pack is mounted between the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate; the data acquisition and control board is mounted on the third connecting plate; the top plate is bolted to the housing and is sealed to the opening of the housing.

8. The hovering and launching system for vertical profile meteorological observation UAVs according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second and third connecting plates are provided with limiting holes; the housing is provided with limiting posts; the limiting holes and the limiting posts cooperate to limit the mounting frame.

9. The hovering and launching system for vertical profile meteorological observation UAVs according to claim 7, characterized in that, The top plate has multiple connecting parts evenly distributed, and the housing has a flange; the connecting parts have mounting holes, and bolts pass through the mounting holes to connect to the flange of the housing.

10. The hovering and launching system for vertical profile meteorological observation UAVs according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer shell is covered by a protective cover, and the protective cover has evenly distributed heat dissipation holes.

Images