Magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen battery and method for multiplying hydrogen release

Abstract

This invention relates to a magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen battery and a method for multiplying hydrogen production, belonging to the field of fuel cell technology. It includes a frame and a hydrogen tank for hydrogen production, with the hydrogen tank housed within the frame. Inside the hydrogen tank are a reactor and a magnesium hydride storage tank, with the reactor positioned below the magnesium hydride storage tank. A top cover is installed above the magnesium hydride storage tank, and the sidewall of the top cover is fixedly connected to the frame. This magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen battery and method for multiplying hydrogen production achieve rapid response and precise adjustment of hydrogen production through the magnesium hydride storage tank and reactor, forming a highly compact and modular magnesium-hydrogen battery structure. The use of sliding rails and flexible pins enables rapid replacement of the hydrogen tank and automatic connection of water, electricity, and gas pipelines, significantly improving maintenance convenience. It can be widely applied to mobile equipment such as drones, robots, passenger cars, heavy trucks, and rail vehicles, achieving low-cost, high-safety, high-energy-density, and plug-and-play convenient power supply of hydrogen energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fuel cell technology, specifically to a magnesium-based solid hydrogen battery and a method for multiplying hydrogen release. Background Technology

[0002] Magnesium hydride is one of the metal hydrides with the highest known hydrogen storage mass density, with a theoretical hydrogen storage capacity of up to 7.6% wt. It can release the stored hydrogen through a heating decomposition reaction, and is therefore regarded as a potential solid hydrogen storage medium. However, since the reaction is endothermic, it requires continuous external heating to maintain hydrogen release, resulting in high system energy consumption and slow start-up speed. Furthermore, the pressure resistance and sealing performance of the reaction vessel are strictly required during the closed heating process, which limits its widespread application in the field of mobile equipment power supply.

[0003] Current magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen battery systems typically generate electricity by combining a heated magnesium hydride storage tank with a hydrogen fuel cell stack. This involves heating the magnesium hydride to its decomposition temperature (around 300°C) via external electric heating or waste heat recovery, allowing hydrogen to be slowly released and enter the fuel cell stack for electrochemical reactions to generate electricity. In practical applications, the heating process is energy-intensive and results in significant heat loss, leading to low overall energy conversion efficiency. Furthermore, the hydrogen release rate is slow, making it difficult to achieve rapid power regulation. Additionally, the system has low integration, with components scattered throughout, making it unsuitable for direct installation and use in space-constrained mobile equipment such as drones, robots, and vehicles. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a magnesium-based solid hydrogen battery and a method for multiplying hydrogen release, so as to solve the problems of low overall energy conversion efficiency, slow hydrogen release rate response, and difficulty in power supply control in the prior art.

[0005] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen battery includes a frame and a hydrogen tank for hydrogen production. The hydrogen tank is disposed within the frame, and a reaction vessel and a magnesium hydride storage tank are disposed within the hydrogen tank. The reaction vessel is positioned below the magnesium hydride storage tank. A top cover is installed above the magnesium hydride storage tank, and the side wall of the top cover is fixedly connected to the frame. Two lifting holes are symmetrically provided on the top cover. The hydrogen fuel cell consists of a fuel cell stack for generating electricity and a lithium battery for storing electricity and precisely controlling the amount of hydrogen in a hydrogen tank. The fuel cell stack is a hydrogen fuel cell. The top of the lithium battery is equipped with a charging port for external charging. A water tank is located below the fuel cell stack and the lithium battery. The fuel cell stack, the lithium battery, and the water tank are all installed in a frame. The bottom of the water tank is equipped with a base plate, and the side wall of the base plate is fixedly connected to the bottom side wall of the frame.

[0006] Furthermore, the reactor includes an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder. The inner cylinder contains an aqueous solution for the hydrolysis reaction, and a microporous filter bag is hung on the top of the inner cylinder via a hinge. The reactor is equipped with a thermoelectric generator, which includes multiple generator plates, each of which is respectively disposed on the outer wall of the inner cylinder. Cooling water is provided between the generator plates and the outer cylinder.

[0007] Furthermore, the magnesium hydride storage tank is equipped with a removable iron cylinder inside, and the iron cylinder contains magnesium hydride powder. The reactor and the magnesium hydride storage tank are connected in an airtight manner, and multiple micro powder sprayers for adding magnesium hydride powder are installed at the connection between the reactor and the magnesium hydride storage tank. The output end of the powder sprayer extends to the top of the inner cylinder of the reactor, and the air pump of the powder sprayer is electrically connected to the lithium battery.

[0008] Furthermore, a first water-cooled wall, a second water-cooled wall, and a third water-cooled wall are respectively provided in the frame, and the first water-cooled wall, the second water-cooled wall, and the third water-cooled wall are connected by thin tubes. The first water-cooled wall is disposed between the hydrogen tank and the fuel cell stack, the second water-cooled wall is disposed between the fuel cell stack and the lithium battery, and the third water-cooled wall is disposed on the side of the fuel cell stack away from the hydrogen tank. The third water-cooled wall has a viewing window for observation.

[0009] Furthermore, the water tank is provided with a return water pipe and a water inlet pipe that communicate with its interior, and the fuel cell stack is provided with a capillary water collection pipe inside, and the end of the return water pipe away from the water tank is connected to the capillary water collection pipe. The end of the water supply pipe away from the water tank extends into the reactor and is connected to the interior of the reactor.

[0010] Furthermore, the water tank is equipped with two miniature water pumps for transporting water, one of which is located on the return water pipe and is used to transport the water in the water tank to the first water-cooled wall. Another of the aforementioned miniature water pumps is installed on the water inlet pipe to transport water from the water tank to the reaction vessel.

[0011] Furthermore, the frame is provided with multiple sets of slide rails, and the multiple slide rails are respectively located at the ends of the hydrogen tank. The distance between two adjacent slide rails is equal to the width of the corresponding side wall of the hydrogen tank.

[0012] Furthermore, multiple insertion holes are provided between the two slide rails, and all of the insertion holes are opened on the frame. The bottom of the hydrogen tank is provided with pins for conveying water, electricity and hydrogen, and the pins are respectively set in the corresponding insertion holes.

[0013] Furthermore, a plurality of positioning posts are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the frame, and an output terminal for outputting current is installed between two adjacent positioning posts, and the output terminal is electrically connected to the fuel cell stack. The frame is provided with a plug and a slot on each of its two sides for connecting to the adjacent hydrogen tank.

[0014] A method for multiplying hydrogen release in a magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen battery includes the following steps: Step S1: Start the system, the lithium battery powers the micro powder sprayer, and at the same time, inject an aqueous solution and add a hydrolysis catalyst into the reaction vessel. Step S2: Control the start and stop of the micro powder sprayer and the powder spraying speed to quantitatively spray the magnesium hydride powder in the magnesium hydride storage tank into the top of the inner cylinder of the reactor, so that it falls into the aqueous solution; Step S3: After magnesium hydride powder comes into contact with the aqueous solution, it undergoes an exothermic hydrolysis reaction and spontaneously releases hydrogen gas. The magnesium hydroxide solid residue produced by the reaction is trapped in the reaction vessel by the filter bag. Step S4: The hydrogen generated by the reaction is directly transported to the hydrogen fuel cell in the stack through pipelines. At the same time, the stack draws in air through an air pump. The hydrogen and air undergo an electrochemical reaction, converting chemical energy into DC electrical energy output. Step S5: Water generated during the power generation process of the fuel cell stack is collected through capillary water collection pipes, flows back to the water tank through the return water pipe, and is then transported to the reactor by a micro water pump through the water supply pipe to replenish the water consumed by the hydrolysis reaction, forming a self-balancing water cycle. Step S6: The thermoelectric generator on the outer wall of the reactor uses the temperature difference between the heat released by the hydrolysis reaction and the cooling water to generate electricity, which is then converted into voltage to charge the lithium battery, thus realizing the recovery of residual energy.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0016] This invention relates to a magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen battery and a method for multiplying hydrogen production. By using a magnesium hydride storage tank and a reaction vessel, magnesium hydride powder is injected into an aqueous solution via an injector, enabling rapid response and precise adjustment of hydrogen production. Simultaneously, it avoids hydrogen accumulation in the system, significantly improving safety and control accuracy. Furthermore, by integrating all components into a frame, a highly compact and modular magnesium-hydrogen battery structure is formed. The use of sliding rails and flexible pins allows for quick replacement of the hydrogen tank and automatic connection of water, electricity, and gas pipelines, significantly improving maintenance convenience. It can be widely applied to mobile equipment such as drones, robots, passenger cars, heavy trucks, and rail vehicles, achieving low-cost, high-safety, high-energy-density, and plug-and-play convenient power supply for hydrogen energy.

[0017] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Reactor; 2. Thermoelectric generator; 3. Magnesium hydride storage tank; 4. Lifting hole; 5. Top cover; 6. Charging hole; 7. First water-cooled wall; 8. Second water-cooled wall; 9. Fuel cell stack; 10. Viewing window; 11. Capillary water collection pipe; 12. Slide rail; 13. Positioning column; 14. Output terminal; 15. Water tank; 16. Lithium battery; 17. Return water pipe; 18. Inlet water pipe; 19. Hydrogen fuel cell; 20. Third water-cooled wall; 21. Base plate; 22. Micro water pump; 23. Filter bag; 24. Generator plate; 25. Aqueous solution; 26. Powder sprayer; 27. Magnesium hydride powder; 28. Insert rod; 29. ​​Slot. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0021] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0022] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0023] In the above description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "one side," "the other side," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the invention is conventionally placed during use. These terms are used only for the convenience of describing the present invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0024] Furthermore, terms such as "identical" do not imply that components must be absolutely identical; minor differences are permissible. The term "perpendicular" simply means that the positional relationship between components is more perpendicular than "parallel," not that the structure must be perfectly perpendicular; a slight tilt is acceptable.

[0025] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present invention provides a technical solution: a magnesium-based solid hydrogen battery, comprising a frame and a hydrogen tank for hydrogen production, wherein the hydrogen tank is disposed within the frame, and a reaction vessel 1 and a magnesium hydride storage tank 3 are disposed within the hydrogen tank, and the reaction vessel 1 is disposed below the magnesium hydride storage tank 3. The reaction vessel 1 comprises an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, wherein the inner cylinder contains an aqueous solution 25 for hydrolysis reaction, and a microporous filter bag 23 is suspended from the top of the inner cylinder by a hinge, for receiving magnesium hydride powder 27 released from the magnesium hydride storage tank 3, and for retaining the magnesium hydroxide solid residue generated by the hydrolysis reaction within the reaction vessel 1.

[0026] In addition, a thermoelectric generator 2 is installed inside the reactor 1. The thermoelectric generator 2 includes multiple generator plates 24, which are respectively installed on the outer wall of the inner cylinder. Cooling water is installed between the generator plates 24 and the outer cylinder. The hot end of the generator plate 24 directly absorbs the large amount of heat released by the hydrolysis reaction (ΔH = -121 kJ / mol, exothermic reaction). The cold end of the generator plate 24 is in contact with the cooling water circulating inside the outer cylinder. The water cooling system maintains a low temperature, thereby forming a stable and large temperature difference on both sides of the generator plate 24, converting the heat energy into DC power. The generated power is then converted and regulated before being sent to the lithium battery 16 in the system for charging. This achieves efficient recovery and utilization of the residual energy of the hydrolysis reaction and provides a supplementary power source for the lithium battery 16, effectively improving the energy utilization rate and operational stability of the entire magnesium-hydrogen battery system.

[0027] Specifically, the magnesium hydride storage tank 3 has a removable iron cylinder inside, which contains magnesium hydride powder 27. The magnesium hydride powder 27 is synthesized from metallic magnesium and hydrogen in a medium-temperature and medium-pressure environment. The reactor 1 and the magnesium hydride storage tank 3 are connected in an airtight manner. Multiple micro powder injectors 26 for adding magnesium hydride powder 27 are installed at the connection between the reactor 1 and the magnesium hydride storage tank 3. The output end of the powder injector 26 extends to the top of the inner cylinder of the reactor 1. The air pump of the powder injector 26 is electrically connected to the lithium battery 16. It should be noted that when working, the lithium battery 16 supplies power to the powder injector 26, thereby quantitatively injecting magnesium hydride powder 27 from the magnesium hydride storage tank 3 into the aqueous solution 25 of the reactor 1. After contacting the hydrolysis reaction liquid, an exothermic reaction occurs immediately to generate hydrogen, thereby achieving precise adjustment and rapid response of hydrogen production.

[0028] Furthermore, a top cover 5 is installed on the top of the magnesium hydride storage tank 3, and the side wall of the top cover 5 is fixedly connected to the frame. Two lifting holes 4 are symmetrically opened on the top cover 5. Multiple sets of slide rails 12 are provided on the frame, and multiple slide rails 12 are respectively set at the ends of the hydrogen tank. The distance between two adjacent slide rails 12 is equal to the width of the corresponding side wall of the hydrogen tank, so as to provide precise guidance when the hydrogen tank is pushed in. Multiple insertion holes are provided between two slide rails 12, and multiple insertion holes are opened on the frame. The bottom of the hydrogen tank is provided with pins for conveying water, electricity and hydrogen, and multiple pins are respectively set in the corresponding insertion holes. When the hydrogen tank needs to be replaced, the old hydrogen tank is lifted through the lifting hole 4 and pulled out along the slide rail 12, and then the new hydrogen tank is pushed in along the slide rail 12. When the hydrogen tank reaches the predetermined end position, the pin at its bottom automatically inserts into the insertion hole on the frame to complete the sealing and conduction of the water, electricity and hydrogen routes, realize the rapid power replacement operation, and significantly improve the convenience of system maintenance and operating efficiency.

[0029] Furthermore, it also includes a fuel cell stack 9 for power generation and a lithium battery 16 for storing electricity and precisely controlling the amount of hydrogen in the hydrogen tank. The fuel cell stack 9 is the hydrogen fuel cell 19. The top of the lithium battery 16 is equipped with a charging port 6 for external charging, allowing charging from the outside. A water tank 15 is located below the fuel cell stack 9 and the lithium battery 16. The fuel cell stack 9, the lithium battery 16, and the water tank 15 are all installed in a frame. A bottom plate 21 is provided at the bottom of the water tank 15, and the side wall of the bottom plate 21 is fixedly connected to the bottom side wall of the frame. A plurality of positioning posts 13 are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the frame. An output terminal 14 for outputting current is installed between two adjacent positioning posts 13, and the output terminal 14 is electrically connected to the fuel cell stack 9. The two sides of the frame are respectively provided with connections to adjacent hydrogen tanks. The plug rods 28 and slots 29 allow for the parallel assembly of multiple hydrogen tanks to meet the demand for higher power. It should be noted that the fuel cell stack 9 converts the chemical energy of hydrogen directly into DC electrical energy output by reacting hydrogen gas exported from the reactor 1 with air drawn in by the fuel cell stack 9's own gas pump (2H2+O2→2H2O). When the entire magnesium-hydrogen battery is inserted into the battery compartment of the receiving device (such as a robot, vehicle, etc.), the positioning post 13 first ensures precise alignment, and the output terminal 14 automatically connects to the power interface of the receiving device, so that the electrical energy generated by the fuel cell stack 9 is delivered to the receiving device in real time, realizing a plug-and-play function similar to traditional batteries. At the same time, the lithium battery 16 plays the role of power buffer and auxiliary power supply in the system, ensuring stable output and supporting rapid start-up.

[0030] Specifically, the frame contains a first water-cooled wall 7, a second water-cooled wall 8, and a third water-cooled wall 20, which are connected by thin tubes. The first water-cooled wall 7 is located between the hydrogen tank and the fuel cell stack 9 to prevent the heat from the hydrogen tank reaction from being conducted to the fuel cell stack 9. The second water-cooled wall 8 is located between the fuel cell stack 9 and the lithium battery 16 to absorb the waste heat from the fuel cell stack 9 to protect the lithium battery 16. The third water-cooled wall 20 is located on the side of the fuel cell stack 9 away from the hydrogen tank to enhance its cooling effect. The fuel cell stack 9 provides heat dissipation, forming a cooling structure covering the hydrogen tank, fuel cell stack 9, and lithium battery 16. A viewing window 10 is provided on the third water-cooled wall 20. The water tank 15 has a return water pipe 17 and an inlet water pipe 18 connected to its interior. A capillary water collection pipe 11 is installed inside the fuel cell stack 9 to collect water generated during the power generation reaction. The end of the return water pipe 17 away from the water tank 15 is connected to the capillary water collection pipe 11. The end of the inlet water pipe 18 away from the water tank 15 extends into the reactor 1 and is connected to the interior of the reactor 1. The water tank 15 is equipped with two miniature water pumps 22 for transporting water. One miniature water pump 22 is located on the return water pipe 17 and is used to transport the water in the water tank 15 to the first water-cooled wall 7, and then sequentially pump it into the second water-cooled wall 8 and the third water-cooled wall 20. After flowing through each water-cooled wall, the water returns to the water tank 15 through a thin pipe, forming a closed-loop cooling system that continuously removes the heat generated by the components. The other miniature water pump 22 is located on the upper water pipe 18 and is used to transport the water in the water tank 15 to the reaction vessel. Inside the reactor, water is added to replenish the water consumed in the magnesium hydride hydrolysis reaction (MgH2+2H2O→Mg(OH)2+2H2). It should be noted that since the fuel cell stack 9 generates exactly 9g of water for every 1g of hydrogen consumed, and the magnesium hydride hydrolysis generates 9g of water for every 1g of hydrogen generated, the system collects the water generated by the fuel cell stack 9 through the return water pipe 17 and adds it to the reactor 1 during operation. This achieves self-balancing of the reaction water, and except for the initial water injection, almost no external water replenishment is required, which significantly improves the system's self-sufficiency and endurance.

[0031] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention also provides a method for multiplying hydrogen release in a magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen battery. The method is applied to the magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen battery as described in the above embodiments, and includes the following steps: Step S1: Start the system. The lithium battery 16 supplies power to the micro powder sprayer 26. At the same time, the aqueous solution 25 is pre-injected into the reaction vessel 1 and a hydrolysis catalyst is added. Step S2: Control the start and stop of the micro powder sprayer 26 and the powder spraying speed to quantitatively spray the magnesium hydride powder 27 in the magnesium hydride storage tank 3 into the top of the inner cylinder of the reactor 1, so that it falls into the aqueous solution 25. Step S3: After magnesium hydride powder 27 comes into contact with aqueous solution 25, it undergoes an exothermic hydrolysis reaction and spontaneously releases hydrogen gas. The magnesium hydroxide solid residue produced by the reaction is trapped in the reaction vessel 1 by filter bag 23. Step S4: The hydrogen generated by the reaction is directly transported to the hydrogen fuel cell 19 in the stack 9 through the pipeline. At the same time, the stack 9 draws in air through the air pump. The hydrogen and air undergo an electrochemical reaction, converting chemical energy into DC electrical energy output. Step S5: Water generated during the power generation process of fuel cell stack 9 is collected by capillary water collection pipe 11, flows back to water tank 15 through return water pipe 17, and is then transported to reactor 1 by micro water pump 22 through water supply pipe 18 to replenish the water consumed by the hydrolysis reaction and form a self-balancing water cycle. Step S6: The thermoelectric generator 2 on the outer wall of the reactor 1 generates electricity by utilizing the temperature difference between the heat released by the hydrolysis reaction and the cooling water. After voltage conversion, the electricity is used to charge the lithium battery 16, thus realizing the recovery of residual energy.

[0032] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen battery, comprising a frame and a hydrogen tank for hydrogen production, characterized in that: The hydrogen tank is housed within a frame, and a reaction vessel (1) and a magnesium hydride storage tank (3) are disposed within the hydrogen tank. The reaction vessel (1) is positioned below the magnesium hydride storage tank (3). A top cover (5) is installed above the magnesium hydride storage tank (3), and the side wall of the top cover (5) is fixedly connected to the frame. Two lifting holes (4) are symmetrically opened on the top cover (5). The stack (9) for generating electricity and the lithium battery (16) for storing electricity and precisely controlling the amount of hydrogen in the hydrogen tank are a hydrogen fuel cell (19). The top of the lithium battery (16) is equipped with a charging port (6) for external charging. A water tank (15) is provided below the stack (9) and the lithium battery (16). The stack (9), the lithium battery (16) and the water tank (15) are all installed in a frame. A bottom plate (21) is provided at the bottom of the water tank (15), and the side wall of the bottom plate (21) is fixedly connected to the bottom side wall of the frame.

2. The magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reactor (1) includes an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder. The inner cylinder contains an aqueous solution (25) for hydrolysis reaction. A microporous filter bag (23) is hung on the top of the inner cylinder by a swivel knot. Thermoelectric generator (2) is installed inside the reactor (1). Thermoelectric generator (2) includes multiple generator plates (24), and the multiple generator plates (24) are respectively arranged on the outer wall of the inner cylinder. Cooling water is provided between the generator plates (24) and the outer cylinder.

3. A magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen battery according to claim 2, characterized in that: The magnesium hydride storage tank (3) is equipped with a removable iron cylinder, which contains magnesium hydride powder (27). The reactor (1) and the magnesium hydride storage tank (3) are connected in an airtight manner, and a number of micro powder sprayers (26) for adding magnesium hydride powder (27) are installed at the connection between the reactor (1) and the magnesium hydride storage tank (3). The output end of the powder sprayer (26) extends to the top of the inner cylinder of the reactor (1), and the air pump of the powder sprayer (26) is electrically connected to the lithium battery (16).

4. A magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame is provided with a first water-cooled wall (7), a second water-cooled wall (8) and a third water-cooled wall (20), and the first water-cooled wall (7), the second water-cooled wall (8) and the third water-cooled wall (20) are connected by thin tubes; The first water-cooled wall (7) is disposed between the hydrogen tank and the fuel cell stack (9), the second water-cooled wall (8) is disposed between the fuel cell stack (9) and the lithium battery (16), and the third water-cooled wall (20) is disposed on the side of the fuel cell stack (9) away from the hydrogen tank. The third water-cooled wall (20) is provided with a viewing window (10) for observation.

5. A magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen battery according to claim 4, characterized in that: The water tank (15) is provided with a return water pipe (17) and a water inlet pipe (18) that are connected to its interior. The fuel cell stack (9) is provided with a capillary water collection pipe (11), and the end of the return water pipe (17) away from the water tank (15) is connected to the capillary water collection pipe (11). The end of the water supply pipe (18) away from the water tank (15) extends into the reactor (1) and is connected to the interior of the reactor (1).

6. A magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen battery according to claim 5, characterized in that: The water tank (15) is equipped with two miniature water pumps (22) for transporting water. One of the miniature water pumps (22) is located on the return water pipe (17) and is used to transport the water in the water tank (15) to the first water-cooled wall (7). Another micro water pump (22) is installed on the water inlet pipe (18) for transporting water from the water tank (15) to the reactor (1).

7. A magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame is provided with multiple sets of slide rails (12), and the multiple slide rails (12) are respectively located at the ends of the hydrogen tank. The distance between two adjacent slide rails (12) is equal to the width of the corresponding side wall of the hydrogen tank.

8. A magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen battery according to claim 7, characterized in that: Multiple insertion holes are provided between the two slide rails (12), and the multiple insertion holes are all opened on the frame. The bottom of the hydrogen tank is provided with pins for conveying water, electricity and hydrogen, and the multiple pins are respectively set in the corresponding insertion holes.

9. A magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the frame is symmetrically provided with multiple positioning posts (13), and an output terminal (14) for outputting current is installed between two adjacent positioning posts (13), and the output terminal (14) is electrically connected to the fuel cell stack (9); The frame is provided with a plug (28) and a slot (29) on each of its two sides for connecting to the adjacent hydrogen tank.

10. A method for multiplying hydrogen release in a magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen battery, characterized in that, The method is applied to the magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen battery as described in any of the preceding claims, and the method includes the following steps: Step S1: Start the system, the lithium battery (16) supplies power to the micro powder sprayer (26), and at the same time, inject the aqueous solution (25) into the reaction vessel (1) and add the hydrolysis catalyst; Step S2: Control the start and stop of the micro powder sprayer (26) and the powder spraying speed to quantitatively spray the magnesium hydride powder (27) in the magnesium hydride storage tank (3) into the top of the inner cylinder of the reactor (1) so that it falls into the aqueous solution (25); Step S3: After the magnesium hydride powder (27) comes into contact with the aqueous solution (25), it undergoes an exothermic hydrolysis reaction and spontaneously releases hydrogen gas. The magnesium hydroxide solid residue produced by the reaction is trapped in the reaction vessel (1) by the filter bag (23). Step S4: The hydrogen generated by the reaction is directly transported to the hydrogen fuel cell (19) in the stack (9) through the pipeline. At the same time, the stack (9) draws in air through the air pump. The hydrogen and air undergo an electrochemical reaction, converting chemical energy into DC power output. Step S5: Water generated during the power generation process of the fuel cell stack (9) is collected by the capillary water collection pipe (11), flows back to the water tank (15) through the return water pipe (17), and is then transported to the reactor (1) by the micro water pump (22) through the water supply pipe (18) to replenish the water consumed by the hydrolysis reaction and form a self-balancing water cycle. Step S6: The thermoelectric generator (2) on the outer wall of the reactor (1) generates electricity by utilizing the temperature difference between the heat released by the hydrolysis reaction and the cooling water. After voltage conversion, it charges the lithium battery (16) to realize the recovery of residual energy.

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