Functional anti-caking oil for granular chemical fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof
The functional anti-caking oil prepared by the company solves the problem of chemical fertilizer caking, and achieves the effects of preventing caking, improving utilization rate and crop yield. It is suitable for granular chemical fertilizers.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHENYANG INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY
- Filing Date
- 2026-06-02
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-31
AI Technical Summary
Existing chemical fertilizers are prone to caking when humidity and temperature rise, which affects their functionality, increases labor costs, may clog machinery, and affects crop growth and yield. Furthermore, existing anti-caking technologies pose environmental problems.
The product uses a functional anti-caking oil containing functional synergists, vegetable oil, stearic acid, glycerin, and polyvinyl alcohol. It is prepared by heating and mixing and then sprayed onto the surface of compound fertilizer to prevent caking and promote plant growth.
It effectively prevents fertilizer compaction, improves fertilizer utilization, promotes the growth of corn and wheat, reduces the amount of fertilizer used, increases crop yield and quality, reduces compound loss, and is environmentally friendly.
Smart Images
Figure CN122482879A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of organic fertilizer technology, specifically relating to a functional anti-caking oil for granular chemical fertilizers, its preparation method, and its application. Adding the functional anti-caking oil to fertilizers can effectively prevent fertilizer caking, while significantly promoting the growth of corn and wheat plants, increasing plant height and total net weight, further reducing fertilizer usage, and effectively improving fertilizer utilization. Background Technology
[0002] As is well known, global demand for fertilizers, especially compound fertilizers containing urea, is continuously increasing with population growth and food needs. Studies have shown that urea and potassium phosphate fertilizers are more prone to caking under elevated humidity and temperature, and the bridging strength between two urea particles depends on the contact time, enabling mass transfer of urea within the contact area. Among these, the caking structure formed by salt bridges is the most robust.
[0003] Fertilizer clumping severely affects its functionality, requiring manual breaking up and increasing labor costs. Especially during mechanized sowing (such as simultaneous seed and fertilizer sowing), it can clog equipment, causing leakage and preventing plants from fully absorbing nutrients. This leads to poor crop growth, reduced yields, and increased costs, seriously hindering the mechanization, automation, and intelligentization of fertilizer use in agriculture.
[0004] In recent years, with increasingly stringent environmental regulations and policies and the growing demand for green agriculture, fertilizer anti-caking technology is undergoing a profound transformation from "effective" to "green" and then to "functional compound." The main purpose is to prevent particle aggregation and reduce dust emissions. Furthermore, spraying anti-caking oil at the final stage of fertilizer production can effectively reduce the loss of functional compounds. Therefore, the development of functional anti-caking agents has become an important direction for improving product quality and ensuring efficient agricultural production. Summary of the Invention
[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a functional anti-caking oil for granular chemical fertilizers, its preparation method, and its application. The prepared functional anti-caking oil can not only effectively prevent fertilizer caking but also directly improve crop yield and quality, enhance the added value and effectiveness of compound fertilizer products, and provide a new research direction for the development and application of new functional compound fertilizer technologies.
[0006] The present invention is achieved by providing a functional anti-caking oil for granular chemical fertilizer, comprising the following raw materials by weight: 30-250 parts of functional synergist, 250-400 parts of vegetable oil, 20-50 parts of stearic acid, 30-50 parts of glycerin and 50-100 parts of polyvinyl alcohol.
[0007] Preferably, the functional synergist is N. 1 N 1 N 2 N 2 -Tetra-(2-fluorobenzyl)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine, molecular formula C 34 H 34 F4N2 belongs to the monoclinic crystal system. C 2 / c The space group has the following structure: .
[0008] Preferably, in the functional synergist, the C–C bond length ranges from 1.331 to 1.542 Å, the C–N bond length ranges from 1.465 to 1.478 Å, the C–F bond length ranges from 1.365 to 1.369 Å, and the C–C–C bond angle ranges from 108.77 to 122.8 Å. o The C–N–C bond angle ranges from 110.24 to 112.8 degrees Celsius. o The bond angles of C–C–N range from 112.6 to 114.7 degrees Celsius. o The bond angles of C–C–F range from 117.1 to 120.7 degrees Celsius. o .
[0009] Preferably, the vegetable oil is palm oil or soybean oil.
[0010] A method for preparing the functional anti-caking oil of the granular chemical fertilizer described above is provided, comprising mixing a functional synergist, vegetable oil, stearic acid, glycerin and polyvinyl alcohol in sequence until homogeneous, and then heating to a temperature of 30–50°C. o C. Stir for 25–40 minutes to obtain the functional anti-caking oil.
[0011] Preferably, the preparation method of the functional synergist includes the following steps: 1) Using 1,2-cyclohexanediamine and 2-fluorobenzyl chloride as raw materials, potassium carbonate as catalyst, and acetonitrile as solvent, the reaction was carried out at a molar ratio of 1:4–5:1–4, at a reaction temperature of 70–80°C. o C, reaction time 5–8 h, after the reaction is completed, filter by suction for 0.5–1 h; 2) At a temperature of 80-85 degrees Celsius o Dry at C for 0.5–1 h, recrystallize to obtain the functional synergist N. 1 N 1 N 2 N 2 -Tetra-(2-Fluorobenzyl)-1,2-Cyclohexanediamine.
[0012] This invention provides an application of the functional anti-caking oil for the granular chemical fertilizer described above. The functional anti-caking oil is uniformly sprayed onto the surface of the compound fertilizer and applied as a base fertilizer to prevent the compound fertilizer from caking and promote plant growth.
[0013] Preferably, the amount of the functional anti-caking oil added to the compound fertilizer is 2–2.5 kg / t.
[0014] Preferably, the plants are corn and wheat.
[0015] Preferably, in the final stage of compound fertilizer production, the functional anti-caking oil is evenly sprayed onto the surface of the compound fertilizer.
[0016] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: This invention first employs an organic chemical synthesis method, using acetonitrile as a solvent in a reflux reaction to prepare a functional synergist. The reaction produces no byproducts, the acetonitrile solvent can be reused multiple times, and no waste liquid is generated. The yield of the functional synergist is high. Further, a compound is made from the functional synergist, vegetable oil, stearic acid, glycerin, and polyvinyl alcohol. Vegetable oil is a renewable resource and degrades without secondary pollution, making it environmentally friendly. The functional synergist effectively promotes crop growth. The product formulation is reasonable, and especially when added during the final stage of fertilizer production by spraying the anti-caking oil, the loss of functional compounds can be effectively reduced. The functional anti-caking oil prepared by this invention has good water solubility, is widely compatible with various fertilizers, effectively improves fertilizer utilization, promotes crop growth, and has high application value. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 The functional synergist prepared in Example 1 is N 1 N 1 N 2 N 2 Single crystal structure diagram of tetra-(2-fluorobenzyl)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine. Detailed Implementation
[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention.
[0019] Example 1 (a) Functional synergist N 1 N 1 N 2 N 2 Preparation method of tetra-(2-fluorobenzyl)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine In a 500 mL three-necked flask, add 250 mL of acetonitrile and 120.87 g (62.15 mmol) of potassium carbonate, start stirring, add 50 g (437.86 mmol) of 1,2-cyclohexanediamine, and heat to 50°C. o At temperature C, slowly add 253.21 g (1750 mmol) of 2-fluorobenzyl chloride dropwise. After the addition is complete, raise the temperature to 80°C. o After reacting at C for 7 h, the mixture was filtered while hot, and a white solid precipitated upon cooling. This solid was then filtered again and dried under vacuum to obtain 207.71 g of product, with a yield of 86.78%. 0.02 g of the white powder was taken and recrystallized using ethanol and dichloromethane as solvents to obtain colorless blocky crystals. Specific parameters are shown in Table 1.
[0020] Table 1. Crystallographic Data of Functional Synergists (II) Preparation method of functional anti-caking oil Accurately weigh 30 parts of functional synergist, 250 parts of palm oil, 20 parts of stearic acid, 30 parts of glycerin, and 50 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, then heat to 40°C. o C. Stir for 30 minutes to obtain a stable functional anti-caking oil.
[0021] Example 2 Accurately weigh 100 parts of functional synergist, 300 parts of palm oil, 30 parts of stearic acid, 40 parts of glycerin, and 75 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, then heat to 40°C. o C. Stir for 30 minutes to obtain a stable functional anti-caking oil.
[0022] Example 3 Accurately weigh 250 parts of functional synergist, 400 parts of palm oil, 50 parts of stearic acid, 50 parts of glycerin, and 100 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, then heat to 40°C. o C. Stir for 40 minutes to obtain a stable functional anti-caking oil.
[0023] Example 4 Accurately weigh 100 parts of functional synergist, 300 parts of soybean oil, 30 parts of stearic acid, 40 parts of glycerin, and 75 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, then heat to 30°C. o C. Stir for 25 minutes to obtain a stable functional anti-caking oil.
[0024] Example 5 Accurately weigh 100 parts of functional synergist, 300 parts of soybean oil, 30 parts of stearic acid, 40 parts of glycerin, and 75 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, then heat to 50°C. oC. Stir for 30 minutes to obtain a stable functional anti-caking oil.
[0025] Example 6 Accurately weigh 100 parts of functional synergist, 300 parts of soybean oil, 30 parts of stearic acid, 40 parts of glycerin, and 75 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, then heat to 50°C. o C. Stir for 40 minutes to obtain a stable functional anti-caking oil.
[0026] 1. Anti-caking effect test The compound fertilizer uses a nutrient (N-P2O5-K2O) ratio of 25:14:6. After high-tower granulation, 1, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 kg of the anti-caking oil of this invention are added per ton of fertilizer, and the dosage of the anti-caking powder is 3.8 kg for each ton. An appropriate amount of fertilizer sample is placed inside a cylinder with a radius of 2 cm, and a pressure of 300 N is applied at 40°C. o The sample was compressed under C conditions for 24 hours to simulate actual fertilizer stacking. After 24 hours, the sample was removed and its degree of compaction was tested on a pressure testing instrument. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0027] Table 2 Comparison of anti-caking effects of different formulations (breaking pressure unit: N) The data shows that: when the anti-caking oil dosage is 1 kg, the compound fertilizer exhibits slight caking, with an average breaking pressure of 7.3 N and no powdering. When the anti-caking oil dosage is 1.5 kg, the compound fertilizer also exhibits slight caking, with an average breaking pressure of 3.1 N and no powdering. When the anti-caking oil dosage is 2.0 kg and 2.5 kg, the compound fertilizer does not exhibit caking, with an average breaking pressure of 0 N. The control group samples have an average breaking pressure of 19.2 N, exhibiting caking and powdering. The average breaking pressure of all samples is significantly lower than that of the control group samples, proving that adding the anti-caking oil of this invention can effectively prevent compound fertilizer caking. In conclusion, the optimal dosage of this invention in compound fertilizer is 2.0-2.5 kg / t.
[0028] Maize seedling growth promotion experiment: After disinfection, maize seeds were placed in petri dishes lined with filter paper. A clean, sterile cotton ball was moistened and placed on the filter paper. 20 mL of sterile water was added to keep the seeds moist. The petri dishes were then placed at 28°C. oIn a constant temperature incubator (C), ensure that the seeds can germinate normally. After the seeds germinate, select corn plants with similar growth and transplant them into seedling trays. When the first true leaf has just unfolded, take the sample of the functional synergist from Example 1, and dilute it with deionized water to different concentrations. The control group (CK) was treated with root irrigation without the functional synergist from Example 1. After fifteen days, observe the plant height, net weight, and other data. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0029] Table 3. Statistical analysis of maize growth-promoting test results at different concentrations Analysis of experimental results: As shown in Table 3, compared with the blank control, the average plant height, average stem diameter and total net weight of maize plants were best when the concentration of the functional synergist was 40 mg / L. The average plant height increased by 13.01%, the average stem diameter increased by 9.21% and the total net weight increased by 13.13%.
[0030] Wheat hydroponic experiment: After sterilization, wheat seeds were placed in a petri dish lined with filter paper. A clean, sterile cotton ball was moistened and placed on the filter paper. 20 mL of sterile water was added to keep the seeds moist. The petri dish was then placed at 28°C. o In a constant temperature incubator (C), ensure that the seeds can germinate normally. After the seeds germinate, select wheat seeds with the same germination rate and place them in a hydroponic container. Take samples treated with the functional synergist of Example 1 and dilute them with deionized water to different concentrations. The control group (CK) is the sample without the functional synergist of Example 1. After fifteen days, observe the plant height and total net weight after drying. The results are shown in Table 4.
[0031] Table 4. Statistical analysis of the results of hydroponic experiments with different wheat concentrations Different concentrations 5 ppm 10 ppm 20 ppm 40 ppm CK Average plant height (cm) 16.80 17.46 18.37 18.10 16.54 Total net weight (g) 0.39 0.42 0.45 0.43 0.39 Analysis of experimental results: As shown in Table 4, compared with the blank control, the average plant height and total net weight of wheat plants were best when the concentration of functional synergist was 20-40 ppm, with the average plant height increasing by 11.06% and the total net weight increasing by 15.38%.
[0032] Therefore, it can be concluded that the functional anti-caking oil of the present invention can significantly increase the growth of corn and wheat plants and increase the total net weight of corn and wheat. It can be widely promoted and used. Taking into account the cost, the addition amount of the functional anti-caking oil is 2–2.5 kg / t.
Claims
1. A functional anti-caking oil for granular chemical fertilizers, characterized in that, By weight, it includes the following ingredients: 30–250 parts of functional synergist, 250–400 parts of vegetable oil, 20–50 parts of stearic acid, 30–50 parts of glycerin and 50–100 parts of polyvinyl alcohol.
2. The functional anti-caking oil of granular chemical fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The functional synergist is N. 1 N 1 N 2 N 2 -Tetra-(2-fluorobenzyl)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine, molecular formula C 34 H 34 F4N2 belongs to the monoclinic crystal system. C 2 / c The space group has the following structure: 。 3. The functional anti-caking oil of granular chemical fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the functional synergist, the bond length of C-C ranges from 1.331 to 1.542 Å, the bond length of C-N ranges from 1.465 to 1.478 Å, the bond length of C-F ranges from 1.365 to 1.369 Å, the bond angle of C-C-C ranges from 108.77 to 122.8 o , the bond angle of C-N-C ranges from 110.24 to 112.8 o , the bond angle of C-C-N ranges from 112.6 to 114.7 o , the bond angle of C-C-F ranges from 117.1 to 120.7 o .
4. A method for preparing a functional anti-caking oil of granular chemical fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, After mixing the functional synergist, vegetable oil, stearic acid, glycerin, and polyvinyl alcohol in sequence until homogeneous, heat to 30–50°C. o C. Stir for 25–40 minutes to obtain the functional anti-caking oil.
5. The method for preparing the functional anti-caking oil of granular chemical fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that, The preparation method of the functional synergist includes the following steps: 1) Using 1,2-cyclohexanediamine and 2-fluorobenzyl chloride as raw materials, potassium carbonate as catalyst, and acetonitrile as solvent in a molar ratio of 1:4–5:1–4, at a reaction temperature of 70–80°C. o C, reaction time 5–8 h, after the reaction is completed, filter by suction for 0.5–1 h; 2) At a temperature of 80-85 degrees Celsius o Dry at C for 0.5–1 h, recrystallize to obtain the functional synergist N. 1 N 1 N 2 N 2 -Tetra-(2-Fluorobenzyl)-1,2-Cyclohexanediamine.
6. The application of a functional anti-caking oil of the granular chemical fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The functional anti-caking oil is evenly sprayed onto the surface of the compound fertilizer and applied as a base fertilizer to prevent the compound fertilizer from caking and promote plant growth.
7. The application of the functional anti-caking oil of the granular chemical fertilizer according to claim 6, characterized in that, The amount of the functional anti-caking oil added to the compound fertilizer is 2–2.5 kg / t.
8. The application of the functional anti-caking oil of the granular chemical fertilizer according to claim 6, characterized in that, The plants mentioned are corn and wheat.
9. The application of the functional anti-caking oil of the granular chemical fertilizer according to claim 6, characterized in that, In the final stage of compound fertilizer production, the functional anti-caking oil is evenly sprayed onto the surface of the compound fertilizer.