Improved ammonium nitrate explosives with combustible agent and methods for making same

Abstract

This invention discloses an improved ammonium nitrate explosive with a flammable agent and its preparation method. The ammonium nitrate explosive, by mass percentage, comprises the following components: 90-94% ammonium nitrate, 3.0-5.0% arisaema powder (a flammable agent), and 3.0-5.0% composite oil phase. The preparation method includes: preparing an emulsion from ammonium nitrate and the water-based composite oil phase, drying and dehydrating, pulverizing and sieving, and finally mixing with arisaema powder. This invention uses arisaema powder as a flammable agent to replace wood flour and rice bran powder, thus improving the explosive performance of the ammonium nitrate explosive.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an ammonium nitrate explosive and its preparation method, and particularly to an ammonium nitrate explosive with improved combustible agent and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] In the production of powdered industrial explosives, wood flour has long been the most mainstream combustible agent. However, due to the tightening of national environmental protection policies, the supply channels for wood flour raw materials are severely restricted, and finding a suitable wood flour substitute has become an urgent problem for the industry. Currently, the most commonly used alternative material in the industry is rice bran powder, but rice bran powder is also an important feed raw material and a core raw material for biomass fuel in boilers. Not only is its market price high, but it also has significant performance shortcomings—its calorific value is significantly lower than that of wood flour, resulting in powdered industrial explosives made from rice bran powder having far inferior explosive performance compared to wood flour-based products. Therefore, developing and applying new combustible agents with higher calorific values ​​to replace traditional wood flour and existing rice bran powder has become a key direction for promoting the sustainable development of the powdered industrial explosives industry. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Purpose of the invention: The first purpose of this invention is to provide an ammonium nitrate explosive with improved combustible agent, and to develop and apply a novel combustible agent, reed powder with a higher calorific value, to replace traditional wood powder and existing rice bran powder, thereby improving the explosive performance of the ammonium nitrate explosive; The second purpose of this invention is to provide a method for preparing the ammonium nitrate explosive with the improved combustible agent.

[0004] Technical solution: The ammonium nitrate explosive with improved combustible agent of the present invention is characterized in that, by mass percentage, it is composed of the following components: 90-94% ammonium nitrate, 3.0-5.0% combustible agent reed powder, and 3.0-5.0% composite oil phase.

[0005] As a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Arundinaceae in the Poaceae family, Reed has the following advantages: (1) Reed itself is rich in hydrocarbons, and has high carbon activity and excellent calorific value. Its theoretical combustion value is 22.76 MJ, which is not only higher than the traditional energy source of lignite, but also significantly better than the current mainstream wood powder combustibles; (2) Reed has obvious environmental advantages. During the combustion process, Reed emits very little carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and other pollutants, and is a typical green and environmentally friendly fuel.

[0006] Preferably, the particle size of the reed powder is 40-60 mesh. Increasing the fineness of the reed powder is beneficial to improving the uniformity of mixing and the explosive performance.

[0007] Preferably, the composite oil phase is a composite wax and octadecaneamine acetate, wherein the content of octadecaneamine acetate is 4-6%.

[0008] The method for preparing the improved combustible ammonium nitrate explosive according to the present invention includes the following steps:

[0009] (1) Add ammonium nitrate and water to a solvent, heat to prepare an ammonium nitrate aqueous solution, stir thoroughly to dissolve, then add the composite oil phase and stir to form an emulsion;

[0010] (2) Place the above emulsion in a vacuum drying oven to dehydrate it;

[0011] (3) Crush the dehydrated ammonium oil mixture and then sieve it;

[0012] (4) Transfer the crushed ammonium oil mixture to a mixer, add reed powder, mix thoroughly, and obtain ammonium nitrate explosive with reed powder as the combustible agent.

[0013] In step (1), the concentration of the ammonium nitrate aqueous solution is 92-92.5 wt%.

[0014] Preferably, in step (1), the heating temperature is 128~130℃.

[0015] Preferably, in step (2), the vacuum degree of the vacuum dehydration is 0.092~0.093MPa, and the dehydration time is 15~20min.

[0016] Preferably, in step (3), the sieving is performed through a 60-80 mesh sieve.

[0017] Preferably, in step (4), the mixing time is 10 to 20 minutes.

[0018] Preferably, the method for preparing the reed powder includes the following steps:

[0019] (1) After the fresh reed stalks are dried in the sun, rinse them clean and then dry them;

[0020] (2) Cut the dried reed into small pieces, crush them, and sieve them to obtain reed powder with a mesh size of 40-80.

[0021] (3) Dry the sieved Reed Powder to constant weight.

[0022] Preferably, the drying in step (1) or step (3) is performed in an oven at a temperature of 60-70°C. Drying at this temperature effectively removes excess moisture while avoiding damage to the fiber structure caused by high temperatures.

[0023] Preferably, in step (2), the pulverization is performed by placing the material into a universal pulverizer.

[0024] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: (1) Reed powder has a higher calorific value, with a measured calorific value of 17.3 MJ / kg, which is higher than that of wood powder (measured value of 15.6 MJ / kg). Using it to replace wood powder in the preparation of powdered ammonium nitrate explosives is beneficial to improving the explosive performance of ammonium nitrate explosives; (2) Reed powder has a higher specific surface area, with a measured value of 4.931 m². 2 / g, higher than the specific surface area of ​​wood flour (measured value 2.103 m²). 2 / g), which is beneficial for uniform mixing with ammonium oil mixture, further improving the explosive performance of ammonium nitrate explosive. The high specific surface area can also act as a loosening agent to prevent the explosive from clumping. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 A picture of 60-mesh reed powder;

[0026] Figure 2 The image shows the microstructure (SEM) of 60-mesh Reed Root powder.

[0027] Figure 3 The ammonium nitrate explosive prepared in Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] The improved combustible ammonium nitrate explosive of the present invention is composed of the following components by mass percentage: 90% ammonium nitrate, 5.0% reed powder, and 5.0% composite oil phase.

[0031] The preparation method of reed powder includes the following steps:

[0032] (1) Cleaning of Reed: After drying the fresh Reed stalks, focus on rinsing the joints of the stalks with clean water to thoroughly remove residual mud. Place them in a drying oven and dry them at 60°C for two hours.

[0033] (2) Pulverizing of Reed: Cut the dried Reed into small sections of 3-4 cm, put them into a universal pulverizer for batch pulverizing, and then sieve them to obtain Reed powder with a mesh size of 40.

[0034] (3) Drying of Reed Powder: Place 40-mesh Reed Powder into a drying oven and dry it at 60°C until constant weight.

[0035] The preparation method of the ammonium nitrate explosive with the improved combustible agent includes the following steps:

[0036] (1) Add 450 g of ammonium nitrate and 40 g of water to a solvent, and prepare an aqueous solution of 92 wt% of ammonium nitrate at 128 °C. After stirring and dissolving thoroughly, add 25 g of composite oil phase (including 24 g of composite wax and 1 g of octadecylamine acetate) and stir to form an emulsion.

[0037] (2) Place the above emulsion in a vacuum drying oven to dehydrate, control the vacuum degree to be 0.092~0.093 MPa, and dehydrate for 15 min;

[0038] (3) Crush the dehydrated ammonium oil mixture and pass it through a 60-mesh sieve;

[0039] (4) Transfer the crushed ammonium oil mixture to a mixer and add 25 g of 40-mesh reed powder according to the ratio. Mix thoroughly for 20 min to obtain ammonium nitrate explosive with reed powder as the combustible agent.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] The improved combustible ammonium nitrate explosive of the present invention is composed of the following components by mass percentage: 92% ammonium nitrate, 5.0% reed powder, and 3.0% composite oil phase.

[0042] Preparation method of reed powder:

[0043] Based on Example 1, step (2) yields 60-mesh Reed powder, with the remaining conditions unchanged.

[0044] The method for preparing the improved combustible ammonium nitrate explosive includes the following steps:

[0045] (1) Add 460 g of ammonium nitrate and 36.8 g of water to a solvent, and prepare an aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate at 130°C with a concentration of 92.5 wt%. After stirring and dissolving thoroughly, add 15 g of composite oil phase (including 14.1 g of composite wax and 0.9 g of octadecylamine acetate) and stir to form an emulsion.

[0046] (2) Place the above emulsion in a vacuum drying oven to dehydrate, control the vacuum degree to be 0.092-0.093 MPa, and dehydrate for 20 min.

[0047] (3) Crush the dehydrated ammonium oil mixture and pass it through an 80-mesh sieve;

[0048] (4) Transfer the pulverized ammonium oil mixture to a mixer, and add a measured amount of 25 g of 60-mesh reed powder according to the ratio. Mix thoroughly for 15 min to obtain ammonium nitrate explosive with reed powder as the combustible agent.

[0049] Example 3

[0050] The improved combustible ammonium nitrate explosive of the present invention is composed of the following components by mass percentage: 94% ammonium nitrate, 3.0% reed powder, and 3.0% composite oil phase.

[0051] Preparation method of reed powder:

[0052] Based on Example 1, step (2) yields 80-mesh Reed Powder, with the remaining conditions unchanged.

[0053] The method for preparing the improved combustible ammonium nitrate explosive includes the following steps:

[0054] (1) Add 470 g of ammonium nitrate and 40.8 g of water to a solvent, and prepare an aqueous solution of 92 wt% ammonium nitrate at 128 °C. After stirring and dissolving thoroughly, add 15 g of composite oil phase (including 14.1 g of composite wax and 0.9 g of octadecylamine acetate) and stir to form an emulsion.

[0055] (2) Place the above emulsion in a vacuum drying oven to dehydrate, control the vacuum degree to be 0.092-0.093 MPa, and the dehydration time to be 15 min.

[0056] (3) Crush the dehydrated ammonium oil mixture and pass it through an 80-mesh sieve;

[0057] (4) Transfer the pulverized ammonium oil mixture to a mixer, and add 15 g of 80-mesh reed powder according to the ratio. Mix thoroughly for 10 min to obtain ammonium nitrate explosive with reed powder as the combustible agent.

[0058] Example 4

[0059] The improved combustible ammonium nitrate explosive of the present invention is composed of the following components by mass percentage: 92% ammonium nitrate, 4.0% reed powder, and 4.0% composite oil phase.

[0060] The preparation method of Reed Powder is the same as in Example 3.

[0061] The method for preparing the improved combustible ammonium nitrate explosive includes the following steps:

[0062] (1) Add 460 g of ammonium nitrate and 38 g of water to a solvent, and prepare an aqueous solution of 92 wt% of ammonium nitrate at 130 °C. After stirring and dissolving thoroughly, add 20 g of composite oil phase (including 19.2 g of composite wax and 0.8 g of octadecylamine acetate) and stir to form an emulsion.

[0063] (2) Place the above emulsion in a vacuum drying oven to dehydrate, control the vacuum degree to be 0.092-0.093 MPa, and dehydrate for 20 min;

[0064] (3) Crush the dehydrated ammonium oil mixture and pass it through an 80-mesh sieve;

[0065] (4) Transfer the crushed ammonium oil mixture to a mixer and add 20 g of 80-mesh reed powder. Mix thoroughly for 20 min to obtain ammonium nitrate explosive with reed powder as the combustible agent.

[0066] Comparative Example 1

[0067] Based on Example 1, the 40-mesh reed powder was replaced with 40-mesh wood powder, and the other conditions remained unchanged to obtain ammonium nitrate explosive.

[0068] Comparative Example 2

[0069] Based on Example 2, the 60-mesh reed powder was replaced with 60-mesh wood powder, and the other conditions remained unchanged to obtain ammonium nitrate explosive.

[0070] Comparative Example 3

[0071] Based on Example 3, the 80-mesh reed powder was replaced with 80-mesh wood powder, and the other conditions remained unchanged to obtain ammonium nitrate explosive.

[0072] Structural characterization

[0073] Example 2 shows the actual 60-mesh Reed Powder. Figure 1 As shown, SEM Figure 2 As shown. By Figure 1 It can be seen that 60-mesh reed powder is a uniformly sized gray powder. (From...) Figure 2 The SEM images show that the Reed Powder particles are regular in shape and have a fibrous structure.

[0074] The ammonium nitrate explosive prepared in Example 3 is shown in the figure. Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the prepared ammonium nitrate explosive is a uniformly mixed grayish-white powder.

[0075] The heat of combustion of 60-mesh reed powder was measured to be 17.3 MJ / kg, and the heat of combustion of 60-mesh wood powder was measured to be 15.6 MJ / kg using a LITHER calorimeter.

[0076] The specific surface area of ​​60-mesh reed powder was measured to be 4.931 m² using a Micro ASAP2020 specific surface area meter. 2 / g, the specific surface area of ​​60-mesh wood flour is 2.103 m². 2 / g.

[0077] Performance testing

[0078] The performance of ammonium nitrate explosives in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3 was tested, and the test results are shown in Table 1.

[0079] Table 1 Performance test data of ammonium nitrate explosive

[0080] sample Average explosion velocity (m / s) Psycho detonation distance (cm) Example 1 3401 7 Example 2 3448 7 Example 3 3472 7 Example 4 3528 7 Comparative Example 1 3289 5 Comparative Example 2 3353 6 Comparative Example 3 3386 6

[0081] As shown in Table 1, the ammonium nitrate explosives prepared with reed powder in Examples 1-4 have improved explosive performance compared with those prepared with wood powder.

Claims

1. An improved ammonium nitrate explosive of combustible agent, characterized by, By mass percentage, it consists of the following components: ammonium nitrate 90-94%, combustible agent reed powder 3.0-5.0%, and composite oil phase 3.0-5.0%.

2. The improved combustible agent's ammonium nitrate explosive according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particle size of the reed powder is 40-60 mesh.

3. The improved combustible agent's ammonium nitrate explosive according to claim 1, wherein, The composite oil phase consists of composite wax and octadecaneamine acetate, wherein the content of octadecaneamine acetate is 4-6%.

4. A process for the preparation of improved ammonium nitrate explosives with combustible agents according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Add ammonium nitrate and water to a solvent, heat to prepare an ammonium nitrate aqueous solution, stir thoroughly to dissolve, then add the composite oil phase and stir to form an emulsion; (2) Place the above emulsion in a vacuum drying oven to dehydrate it; (3) Crush the dehydrated ammonium oil mixture and then sieve it; (4) Transfer the crushed ammonium oil mixture to a mixer, add reed powder, mix thoroughly, and obtain ammonium nitrate explosive with reed powder as the combustible agent.

5. The method of preparing improved combustible agent's ammonium nitrate explosive as claimed in claim 4 wherein, The preparation method of the reed powder includes the following steps: (1) After the fresh reed stalks are dried in the sun, rinse them clean and then dry them; (2) Cut the dried reed into small pieces, crush them, and sieve them to obtain reed powder with a mesh size of 40-80. (3) Dry the sieved Reed Powder to constant weight.

6. The method for preparing ammonium nitrate explosive with improved combustible agent according to claim 5, characterized in that, The drying described in step (1) or step (3) is drying in an oven at a temperature of 60-70°C.

7. The method for preparing ammonium nitrate explosive with improved combustible agent according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step (1), the heating temperature is 128~130℃.

8. The method for preparing ammonium nitrate explosive with improved combustible agent according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step (1), the concentration of the ammonium nitrate aqueous solution is 92-92.5 wt%.

9. The method for preparing ammonium nitrate explosive with improved combustible agent according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step (3), the sieving is done through a 60-80 mesh sieve.

10. The method for preparing ammonium nitrate explosive with improved combustible agent according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step (4), the mixing time is 10~20 min.

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