A general-purpose continuous pyrolysis equipment and method

Abstract

This invention discloses a general-purpose continuous pyrolysis equipment and method, solving the problems of easy adhesion, coking, and high energy consumption in existing pyrolysis equipment. The equipment includes a furnace body and a material basket. The furnace body is divided into a drying section, a perforated inspection section, a feeding section, a pyrolysis section, and a slag discharge section along the feeding direction. The material basket is located inside the furnace body and can move along the length of the furnace body via a gear and rack mechanism. The drying section is equipped with a waste heat drying mechanism, the perforated inspection section of the furnace body is equipped with a discharge mechanism, and both the feeding and slag discharge sections are equipped with a double-gate valve vacuum replacement oxygen-free feeding mechanism. The pyrolysis section of the furnace body is equipped with a surrounding hot airflow heating mechanism and an oil-gas condensation system; the surrounding hot airflow heating mechanism is connected to the waste heat drying mechanism. This general-purpose continuous pyrolysis equipment achieves a safe, efficient, environmentally friendly, and continuous pyrolysis process through innovative designs such as a segmented furnace body structure, double-gate valve vacuum replacement oxygen-free feeding and discharging, linkage between surrounding hot airflow heating and waste heat drying, full recovery of oil-gas condensation, and circulating gas supply through a gas collection hood.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of thermal pyrolysis technology, and in particular to a pyrolysis device. Background Technology

[0002] With industrial development, the generation of organic waste such as waste tires, waste rubber, waste plastics, oily sludge (oil sludge), fiberglass, and solar panel waste is enormous, making its resource utilization a major issue in the environmental protection field. Pyrolysis technology is considered an effective way to achieve harmlessness, volume reduction, and resource recovery, and is the final treatment method. However, existing pyrolysis equipment generally suffers from extremely poor material adaptability, resulting in a "one machine, one material" situation: 1. For waste tires: Mainstream continuous equipment must first crush the tires into rubber particles or powder. Water is added during the grinding process to cool the material, resulting in a high moisture content, before it is fed into a rotary kiln via a screw feeder. This process is complex, energy-intensive, and suffers from problems such as difficulty in sealing and easy coking and blockage inside the furnace; intermittent equipment also has high energy consumption, complex procedures, high moisture content, and generates a large amount of refining wastewater, resulting in high purification costs, making it an outdated production process facing elimination. 2. For paste-like or semi-solid materials such as oil sludge and sewage sludge: Due to their viscous consistency and lack of a fixed shape, existing screw feeders struggle to deliver them stably, and sealing the feed end is particularly difficult. Inside the rotary kiln, these materials easily adhere to the furnace walls and stirring mechanism over large areas, leading to coking, blockages, and extremely low heat transfer efficiency. This necessitates intermittent production and can even cause safety accidents. 3. For heat-melting materials such as waste plastics: These materials undergo a melting and dripping process before pyrolysis, easily adhering to transmission and heating components, preventing continuous equipment operation. Current systems also operate on an intermittent basis.

[0003] Therefore, the industry urgently needs a general-purpose continuous pyrolysis equipment that can adapt to various forms of organic waste, fundamentally solve problems such as crushing and feeding, adhesion, coking, and high energy consumption, and achieve "one machine for multiple uses". Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings in the aforementioned background technology, this invention proposes a general-purpose continuous pyrolysis equipment and method, which solves the problems of easy adhesion, coking, and high energy consumption in existing pyrolysis equipment.

[0005] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows: A general-purpose continuous pyrolysis equipment includes a furnace body and a material basket. The furnace body is divided into a drying section, a hollow inspection section, a feeding section, a pyrolysis section, and a slag discharge section along the feeding direction. The material basket is located inside the furnace body and can move along the length of the furnace body via a gear and rack mechanism. The drying section of the furnace body is equipped with a waste heat drying mechanism, the hollow inspection section of the furnace body is equipped with a discharge mechanism, and both the feeding section and the slag discharge section of the furnace body are equipped with a double-gate valve vacuum replacement oxygen-free feeding mechanism. The pyrolysis section of the furnace body is equipped with a surrounding hot airflow heating mechanism and an oil-gas condensation system. The surrounding hot airflow heating mechanism is connected to the waste heat drying mechanism. Both the slag discharge section and the feeding section of the furnace body are equipped with a gas collection hood, which can supply gas to the surrounding hot airflow heating mechanism. Through innovative designs such as a segmented furnace body structure, double-gate valve vacuum replacement oxygen-free feeding and discharging, linkage between surrounding hot airflow heating and waste heat drying, full recovery of oil-gas condensation, and circulating gas supply from the gas collection hood, the pyrolysis process is achieved safely, efficiently, environmentally friendly, continuously, and intelligently. This equipment is not only suitable for the pyrolysis treatment of various solid wastes, but can also be widely used in fields such as biomass energy utilization and waste resource recycling, resulting in significant economic benefits.

[0006] Further preferably, the gear and rack mechanism includes a track mounted on the top of the furnace body and a rack connected to the top of the material basket. Multiple gear drive assemblies are installed in the low-temperature section of the furnace body, arranged longitudinally along the furnace body. Each gear drive assembly includes a housing fixed to the outer wall of the furnace body and a drive motor. Gears connected to the drive motor are housed within the housing, and these gears mesh with the rack for transmission. This gear and rack mechanism offers advantages such as smooth transmission, high positioning accuracy, and strong load-bearing capacity, ensuring the orderly movement of the material basket between functional sections and achieving continuous material processing.

[0007] Further optimized, the material basket is connected to the rack via a connector, the track has a frame-shaped cross-section, and a slot is provided at the bottom of the track for the connector to pass through; the low-temperature section of the furnace body includes the feed inlet, feed section and slag discharge section of the furnace drying section; the outer shell is fixedly and sealed to the furnace body, the furnace body has a first clearance slot for the gear to pass through, and the upper part of the track has a second clearance slot for the gear to pass through; both the front and rear ends of the rack are provided with a set of traveling wheels, which move along the support of the track; the set of traveling wheels includes at least three sets of wheelsets, each set of wheelsets includes two traveling wheels, and the two traveling wheels of the same set are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the rack.

[0008] Further optimized, the discharge mechanism includes a short rail detachably mounted on the top of the furnace body in the perforated inspection section, with the short rail corresponding to the track at the front and rear; the perforated inspection section of the furnace body has a perforated structure and is equipped with a discharge port for easy discharge from the material basket. The discharge mechanism can safely discharge the material from the material basket during equipment maintenance, abnormal handling, or when sampling and testing are required.

[0009] Further preferably, the material basket includes an upper basket cover and a lower basket body that can be opened and closed together; the upper basket cover and the lower basket body are hinged on one side and connected by a locking buckle on the other side to form a clamshell-type opening and closing material basket; the material basket is equipped with at least two annular frames, each of which is divided into upper and lower parts along the transverse cross section, the upper and lower parts being the upper frame of the upper basket cover and the lower frame of the lower basket body, respectively; the outer arc surface and both end faces of the upper basket cover are fully covered and fixed with metal mesh, and the outer arc surface and both end faces of the lower basket body are fully covered and fixed with metal plates; after the upper basket cover and the lower basket body are interlocked, they form a horizontal barrel-shaped structure, and the top of the upper basket cover is provided with a connector.

[0010] Further preferred, the waste heat drying mechanism includes a jacketed furnace shell installed in the drying section of the furnace body, forming a hot air channel between the jacketed furnace shell and the furnace body, the air inlet of the jacketed furnace shell being connected to the surrounding hot airflow heating mechanism of the furnace body's pyrolysis section via an air inlet pipe, and the air outlet of the jacketed furnace shell being connected to a flue gas treatment device.

[0011] Further optimized, the furnace body pyrolysis section includes a heating transition section, a constant-temperature pyrolysis section, and a slag discharge cooling transition section; the surrounding hot airflow heating mechanism includes an insulated housing installed in the constant-temperature pyrolysis section of the furnace body, with an annular airflow channel between the furnace body and the protective housing, combustion nozzles are provided around the insulated housing, a gas collection hood is connected to the combustion nozzles, the combustion nozzles correspond to the annular airflow channel, and the combustion nozzles are connected to burners, with two adjacent combustion nozzles arranged vertically; the burners burn through the combustion nozzles in the annular airflow channel and form an annular surrounding hot airflow to heat the furnace body; the insulated housing is provided with multiple flue gas outlets, which are connected to the main flue gas pipe through pipes, and the main flue gas pipe is connected to the air inlet pipe.

[0012] Further preferably, the insulation housing is a modular housing, which includes a left housing and a right housing, and the left housing and the right housing are sealed and fixed by fasteners; both the left housing and the right housing are U-shaped structures, and both the left housing and the right housing are provided with flanges, and the fasteners are bolts adapted to the flanges; positioning elements and sealing elements are provided on the joint surfaces of the left housing and the right housing.

[0013] Further optimization involves multiple oil and gas outlets on the pyrolysis section of the furnace body. The oil and gas condensation system includes an oil and gas main pipe connected to the oil and gas outlets, a staged condensation system, and a non-condensable gas purification system. The non-condensable gas purification system includes a non-condensable gas purification device and a fan unit. The outlet of the staged condensation system is connected to the non-condensable gas purification device, and the outlet of the non-condensable gas purification device is connected to the fan unit. The air outlet of the fan unit is connected to the combustion nozzle. The staged condensation system includes multiple sets of condensation units connected in series. Each condensation unit includes a circulating water cooling device, a condenser, and a liquid storage tank. The condensers of adjacent condensation units are connected. A naphthalene collection tank is provided between the non-condensable gas purification device and the condenser corresponding to the final stage.

[0014] Further optimized, the dual-gate valve vacuum replacement oxygen-free feeding mechanism of the furnace body feeding section includes a first gate valve located between the furnace body hollow inspection section and the furnace body feeding section, and a second gate valve located between the furnace body feeding section and the furnace body pyrolysis section. A first vacuum pump is connected to the furnace body feeding section, and the first vacuum pump is connected to the gas collection hood through a first pipe. The vacuum pump is connected to the heating transition section of the furnace body pyrolysis section through a second pipe. The dual-gate valve vacuum replacement oxygen-free feeding mechanism of the furnace body slag discharge section includes a third gate valve located between the furnace body pyrolysis section and the furnace body slag discharge section, and a fourth gate valve located at the slag discharge port of the furnace body slag discharge section. A second vacuum pump is connected to the furnace body slag discharge section, and the second vacuum pump is connected to the gas collection hood through a third pipe. The second vacuum pump is connected to the slag discharge cooling transition section of the furnace body pyrolysis section through a fourth pipe.

[0015] Further optimization involves supporting the furnace body via a roller gantry frame and roller support platforms. The roller gantry frame includes a frame body with support wheels corresponding to the furnace body around its perimeter, and a pipe support frame on the upper part of the frame body. The roller support platform includes a support platform with rollers mounted on it. The entire furnace body is supported by multiple sets of roller support platforms and roller gantry frames, which together support and prevent deformation of the furnace body. The furnace body can freely expand and contract due to thermal stress without experiencing uncontrolled bending.

[0016] A continuous pyrolysis method using a general-purpose continuous pyrolysis equipment, comprising the following steps: S1 Waste heat drying: using the waste heat of flue gas generated in the pyrolysis section of the furnace to heat and dry the material located in the drying section of the furnace, the material being located in a basket and moving along the length of the furnace under the action of a gear and rack mechanism.

[0017] S2 Hollow Inspection: After drying, the material and the basket are pushed from the drying section into the hollow inspection section of the furnace body by the front basket to check the degree of drying of the material and the condition of the basket. If there is no abnormality, it is pushed to the feeding section of the furnace body; if there is an abnormality, the basket is removed by replacing the discharge mechanism.

[0018] S3 Sealed Negative Pressure Feeding: Open the first gate valve, start the corresponding gear drive assembly until the material basket is completely pushed into the furnace feeding section, then close the first gate valve, use a vacuum pump to remove the air in the furnace feeding section and send it to the pyrolysis section or gas collection hood, then open the second gate valve, connecting the feeding section and the pyrolysis section, start the corresponding gear drive assembly again until the material basket is completely pushed out of the furnace feeding section; then close the second gate valve, and use a vacuum pump to remove the air in the furnace feeding section and send it to the pyrolysis section or gas collection hood;

[0019] S4 Feed End Heating Transition: The feed basket enters the feed end heating section of the pyrolysis section of the furnace body, and undergoes a heating transition in the feed end heating section.

[0020] S5 isothermal pyrolysis: The material basket enters the isothermal pyrolysis section of the furnace body under the push of the front material basket. The burner of the surrounding hot air heating mechanism burns in the annular airflow channel through the combustion nozzle and forms an annular surrounding hot airflow to heat the furnace body of the isothermal pyrolysis section. During this process, the oil and gas in the furnace body of the isothermal pyrolysis section are cooled by the oil and gas condensation system. The cooled non-condensable gas and the gas in the gas collection hood are sent back to the combustion nozzle for combustion.

[0021] S6 Forced Water Cooling: After pyrolysis, the material basket enters the slag discharge cooling section of the pyrolysis section of the furnace body and is cooled by water until the material temperature is ≤55℃.

[0022] S7 Sealed Negative Pressure Slag Discharge: First, use a vacuum pump to remove the air from the slag discharge section of the furnace body to the pyrolysis section or gas collection hood. Then, open the third gate valve to connect the slag discharge section and the pyrolysis section. The cooled material and the material basket enter the slag discharge section of the furnace body under the action of the corresponding gear drive components. Close the third gate valve, then use a vacuum pump to remove the air in the slag discharge section and send it to the pyrolysis section or gas collection hood. Then, open the fourth gate valve to pull the material basket out of the slag discharge section. Then, close the fourth gate valve and remove the air from the slag discharge section.

[0023] S8 Solid Slag Separation: The material baskets from the slag discharge section are sent to a fully enclosed separation workshop, where different solid slag and material basket separation methods are used according to the different characteristics of each material.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention provides a universal continuous pyrolysis equipment. The equipment adopts a modular, segmented furnace design, and the entire structure is divided into five functional sections along the feeding direction: a drying section, a hollow inspection section, a feeding section, a pyrolysis section, and a slag discharge section. Inside the furnace body, a material basket that can reciprocate along the length of the furnace body is installed. The material basket achieves precise position control and material conveying through a gear and rack transmission mechanism, fundamentally solving the problems of crushed feeding, adhesion, coking, and limited travel. The surrounding hot airflow heating mechanism is connected to the waste heat drying mechanism, using the high-temperature waste heat generated in the pyrolysis section for material pre-drying, realizing the cascade utilization of thermal energy and significantly reducing overall energy consumption. The gas collected by the gas collection hood serves as a supplementary gas source for the surrounding hot airflow heating mechanism, reducing the consumption of external heating energy and forming a relatively closed hot airflow circulation system, further improving energy utilization efficiency. The dual-gate valve vacuum replacement oxygen-free feeding and discharging mechanism, through the alternating opening and closing of two gate valves and the vacuum-inert gas replacement in the replacement chamber, fundamentally isolates the passage for air to enter the furnace body, ensuring that the entire pyrolysis process takes place in an oxygen-free or micro-oxygen environment, completely eliminating the safety hazards of material oxidation, spontaneous combustion, and explosion. The oil and gas condensation system can efficiently collect and condense all oil and gas products generated by pyrolysis, avoiding air pollution and resource waste caused by direct oil and gas emissions, and maximizing the recovery and utilization of pyrolysis products.

[0025] This general-purpose continuous pyrolysis equipment achieves a safe, efficient, environmentally friendly, and continuous pyrolysis process through innovative designs such as a segmented furnace structure, dual-gate valve vacuum displacement for oxygen-free feeding and discharging, integrated heating with waste heat drying via surrounding hot airflow, full recovery of oil and gas condensation, and circulating gas supply via a gas collection hood. This equipment is not only suitable for the pyrolysis treatment of various solid wastes but can also be widely applied in biomass energy utilization and waste resource recycling, offering significant economic, environmental, and social benefits, with broad prospects for widespread application. This pyrolysis process provides a continuous, fixed-bed pyrolysis technology suitable for various solid and semi-solid organic solid wastes. It operates under a fully enclosed negative pressure system, achieving harmless, resource-based, continuous, and efficient treatment of organic waste. Waste tires, waste rubber, or other organic solid wastes can be directly fed in bundles without crushing, ensuring continuous operation; segmented temperature control ensures synchronized thermal expansion without jamming; a fully enclosed negative pressure system prevents oil and gas leakage; closed-loop heat management reduces energy consumption; high product recovery rate and full environmental compliance make it a mature continuous pyrolysis process suitable for large-scale production. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structural layout of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the gear and rack mechanism between the material basket and the furnace body of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a side view schematic diagram of the gear and rack mechanism between the material basket and the furnace body of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the material discharge mechanism of the hollow inspection section of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the material basket structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the heating mechanism for the surrounding hot airflow;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structural layout of an oil and gas condensation system;

[0034] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a double-gate valve vacuum replacement oxygen-free feeding mechanism in the furnace feeding section;

[0035] Figure 9This is a schematic diagram of the gantry frame structure of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Example 1, such as Figure 1As shown, a general-purpose continuous pyrolysis equipment includes a furnace body 10 and a material basket 11. The furnace body 10 is divided into a drying section, a perforated inspection section, a feeding section, a pyrolysis section, and a slag discharge section along the feeding direction. The drying section, perforated inspection section, feeding section, pyrolysis section, and slag discharge section are all on the same foundation and on the same center line. All sections are connected by flanges. The length of the feeding section and the slag discharge section is only required to accommodate one material basket. The material basket 11 is located inside the furnace body 10 and can move longitudinally along the length of the furnace body 10 through a gear and rack mechanism 12; this achieves stable driving of the long-stroke material basket and solves the problem of limited stroke. The drying section of the furnace body 10 is equipped with a waste heat drying mechanism 1, which is connected to the surrounding hot airflow heating mechanism of the pyrolysis section, and can make full use of the waste heat generated during the pyrolysis process to pre-dry the material entering the furnace body. The perforated inspection section of furnace body 10 is equipped with a discharge mechanism 7. After drying, the material basket exits from the rear of the drying section under the push of the front basket. The degree of drying and the condition of the basket are checked by instruments and manual inspection. If there are no abnormalities, it can be conveyed to the feeding section; if it is not dried or there is an abnormality in the basket, it is removed. Both the feeding section and the slag discharge section of furnace body 10 are equipped with a double-gate valve vacuum replacement oxygen-free feeding mechanism 2. Throughout the feeding process, the pyrolysis section remains in a closed oxygen-free state, eliminating the need to stop the furnace or re-expose oxygen, thus completely solving the inefficiency problem caused by frequent start-ups and shutdowns and repeated heating and oxygen removal in traditional batch feeding. The pyrolysis section of furnace body 10 is equipped with a surrounding hot airflow heating mechanism 3 and an oil-gas condensation system 4. The surrounding hot airflow heating mechanism 3 is connected to the waste heat drying mechanism 1, using a surrounding arrangement of heating pipes or heating chambers. The hot airflow circulates on the outer wall or in the interlayer of the furnace body, uniformly heating the material inside the furnace body through thermal radiation and heat conduction. This heating method has the advantages of large heating area, uniform temperature distribution, and high thermal efficiency. The surrounding hot airflow heating mechanism is connected to the waste heat drying mechanism, forming a hot airflow recycling system. The oil and gas condensation system is used to collect and condense the oil and gas products generated during the pyrolysis process. Both the slag discharge section and the feed section of the furnace body 10 are equipped with gas collecting hoods 5, which supply gas to the surrounding hot airflow heating mechanism 3. The gas collecting hoods collect trace amounts of gas that may escape during the feeding and discharging processes in both sections, and also provide a supplementary gas source for the surrounding hot airflow heating mechanism. The gas collected by the gas collecting hoods is filtered, temperature and pressure regulated, and then sent to the surrounding hot airflow heating mechanism, achieving gas recycling, which reduces harmful gas emissions and lowers the energy consumption of the heating system.

[0038] In this preferred embodiment, the gear and rack mechanism 12 includes a track 121 disposed on the top of the furnace body 10 and a rack 122 connected to the top of the material basket 11. The track is fully welded to the furnace body, and slight deformation does not affect the passage of the material basket. The gear and rack pair is disposed on the top of the furnace body, and the material basket moves by being suspended from the track above the furnace body via the rack. Multiple gear drive assemblies 13 are provided on the low-temperature section of the furnace body 10, which includes the feed inlet, feeding section, and slag discharge section of the drying section of the furnace body 10. The multiple gear drive assemblies 13 are arranged longitudinally along the furnace body 10, forming a multi-point cooperative drive mode, which can be used for long-distance conveying. The total weight of the material basket and the fully loaded workpiece is distributed to multiple drive points, the load on each gear drive assembly is significantly reduced, the contact stress on the meshing surface of the gear and rack is reduced, the wear rate is reduced, and the load-bearing capacity and service life of the transmission system are effectively improved.

[0039] like Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the discharge mechanism 7 includes a short rail 71 detachably mounted on the top of the furnace body in the hollow inspection section. The short rail 71 is arranged correspondingly to the track 121. The hollow inspection section of the furnace body has a hollow structure and is equipped with a discharge port to facilitate the discharge of the material basket 11. The dried material basket is pushed out from the rear end of the drying section by the front material basket. The degree of drying and the condition of the material basket are checked by instruments and manual inspection. If there are no abnormalities, it can be conveyed to the feeding section. If it is not dried or there is an abnormality in the material basket, the material basket is removed. Corresponding handling equipment such as a forklift is set at the inspection station. A section of the track in this section is disconnected from the main track, and the short rail is fixed to the track by a buckle structure. After the problematic material basket is moved to this section of track, the buckle is released and it is moved away by the handling equipment for repair. Then the short rail is immediately removed or replaced with a spare short rail.

[0040] Example 2, as Figure 2 As shown, a general-purpose continuous pyrolysis device is further optimized based on Embodiment 1. In this embodiment, as a preferred embodiment, the gear drive assembly 13 includes a housing 131 fixed to the outer wall of the furnace body 10 and a drive motor 132. A gear 133 connected to the drive motor 132 is provided inside the housing 131, and the gear 133 meshes with a rack 122 for transmission. Compared with flexible transmissions such as chains and belts, the gear and rack meshing transmission method has the advantages of constant transmission ratio, no elastic slippage, and high positioning accuracy, which can realize precise displacement control and repeated positioning of the material basket. Compared with screw transmission, gear and rack transmission is not limited by length, is suitable for large-stroke conveying applications, and has high transmission efficiency and lower energy consumption. The rigid meshing characteristics of the rack and gear enable it to maintain stable transmission performance in high-temperature environments, and its resistance to thermal deformation is better than that of a slender screw structure.

[0041] In this embodiment, the material basket 11 is connected to the rack 122 via a connector 16. The track 121 has a frame-shaped cross-section, and a slot is provided at the bottom of the track 121 for the connector 16 to pass through. The track cross-section is a frame-shaped structure, such as a rectangular or square tube. The track is not prone to bending deformation under heavy load and high temperature environments. The closed structure of the frame-shaped cross-section gives the track good overall stability and makes it less prone to local buckling, making it suitable for long-span installations. The slot is located at the bottom of the track, with the opening facing downwards. Dust, oxides, and other debris falling from the furnace are not easily accumulated in the slot, reducing the risk of jamming during the movement of the connector. When the connector moves in the slot, the side wall of the slot forms a lateral limit on the connector, preventing the material basket from swinging laterally during movement, ensuring precise trajectory of the material basket.

[0042] like Figure 3 As shown, the outer shell 131 is fixedly and sealed to the furnace body 10. In engineering design, the track under the gear can be made thicker to improve the track's strength and prevent deformation when the gear rack is under stress. Additionally, a pressure relief valve can be installed on the cover above the gear chamber, effectively using the gear chamber cover as a pressure relief port. The furnace body 10 has a first clearance groove for the gear 133 to pass through, and the upper part of the track 121 has a second clearance groove for the gear 133 to pass through. Appropriate sealing components can be installed in the first and second clearance grooves as needed. The sealing component of the second clearance groove mainly prevents high-temperature gas from leaking out along the furnace wall, while the sealing component of the first clearance groove mainly prevents heat from being conducted to the gear drive assembly along the track, forming a double sealing barrier from inside the furnace to the outside. The two work together to achieve a gradient seal from the high-temperature zone to the low-temperature zone, ensuring both sealing effectiveness and the sealing durability of rotating components. This effectively suppresses the leakage of high-temperature gas from the furnace and the infiltration of external cold air, reducing heat loss, ensuring the stability of the protective atmosphere inside the furnace, improving the heat treatment quality of the workpiece, and reducing safety hazards.

[0043] The rack 122 has traveling wheel sets 14 at both ends, which move along the support 1211 of the track 121. The support at both ends makes the rack form a simply supported beam structure, which effectively reduces the deflection deformation of the rack under its own weight and load, and ensures the meshing accuracy between the rack and the gear. The traveling wheel set 14 includes at least three sets of wheelsets, and each set of wheelsets includes two traveling wheels. The two traveling wheels of the same set are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the rack. This embodiment takes 6 sets of wheelsets as an example. In actual use, the furnace body is divided into a drying section, a hollow inspection section, a feeding section, a pyrolysis section, and a slag discharge section. There are breaks between adjacent sections. Taking 6 sets of wheelsets as an example, when the first row of wheels reaches the break in the track and is suspended, there are still 5 sets of wheelsets under force and will not fall off the track. As the first row of wheels continues to move forward, it crosses the break and enters the track ahead. At this time, the second set of wheelsets is suspended and there are still 5 sets of wheelsets under force. This continues until all wheels have crossed the break and all wheelsets are under force, so it can smoothly cross the break without falling off the track, ensuring the stability of operation.

[0044] Example 3, as Figure 5 As shown, a general-purpose continuous pyrolysis device is further optimized based on Embodiment 1. In this embodiment, as a preferred embodiment, the material basket 11 includes an upper basket cover 1101 and a lower basket body 1102 that can be opened and closed together; the upper basket cover 1 and the lower basket body 2 are hinged on one side and connected by a latch 1103 on the other side to form a clamshell-type openable and closable material basket; the material basket is in the form of an openable and closable clamshell, which can be opened and closed and has a locking mechanism. The whole is a horizontally placed cylindrical iron drum, which is divided into upper and lower parts in the middle and upper part. The upper part is slightly smaller and the lower part is slightly larger. The lower part is made of steel plate fully welded to prevent fluid materials from leaking out. The upper part is made of steel perforated mesh plate or reinforced screen. The size of the mesh should be conducive to the overflow of oil and gas. The material basket can completely wrap the waste material; the loading of fluid and semi-solid paste should not exceed half, and the loading of molten materials (such as plastics) should not exceed half the height after melting. Solid non-molten materials can be bundled and filled.

[0045] As a preferred embodiment, the basket is equipped with at least two annular frames. Each annular frame is divided into upper and lower parts along its transverse cross-section. The upper and lower parts are the upper frame 11011 of the upper basket cover 1101 and the lower frame 11021 of the lower basket body 1102, respectively. The outer arc surface and both end faces of the upper basket cover 1101 are fully covered and fixed with metal mesh 11012, and the outer arc surface and both end faces of the lower basket body 1102 are fully covered and fixed with metal plates 11022. The upper basket cover 1101 and the lower basket body 1102 are interlocked to form a horizontal barrel-shaped structure, and the top of the upper basket cover 1101 is provided with a connector 16. The arc length of the upper frame is less than that of a semicircle, and the arc length of the lower frame is greater than that of a semicircle, so that the cross-section of the upper basket cover is smaller than that of the lower basket body. That is, the upper basket cover is an arc-shaped cover with a length less than a semicircle, and the lower basket body is a barrel-shaped body with a length greater than a semicircle. This top-smaller-bottom-larger structural design allows the lower basket to have a larger internal volume to accommodate various types of waste, while the upper basket cover, being smaller, occupies less space and is easier to operate when opened. Furthermore, the upper basket cover experiences less material pressure during hoisting, which helps maintain the overall structural stability. The top-smaller-bottom-larger structure also ensures that when the basket is placed inside the pyrolysis furnace, the center of gravity is located in the lower half, making it less prone to tipping over.

[0046] In this preferred embodiment, the waste heat drying mechanism 1 includes a jacketed furnace shell 101 disposed in the drying section of the furnace body 10. A hot air channel is formed between the jacketed furnace shell 101 and the furnace body 10. The air inlet of the jacketed furnace shell 101 is connected to the surrounding hot airflow heating mechanism 3 of the pyrolysis section of the furnace body 10 through an air inlet pipe 102, which can fully utilize the waste heat generated during the pyrolysis process to pre-dry the material entering the furnace body. The air outlet of the jacketed furnace shell 101 is connected to a flue gas treatment device 103; the pyrolysis flue gas undergoes three-stage treatment of PTFE bag dust removal, desulfurization, and denitrification, pulse cleaning, and particulate matter, SO2, and NO are removed. xEmissions meet standards; online monitoring shows that emissions exceeding standards will result in automatic reprocessing and backflow.

[0047] Materials are divided into two categories: dryable and non-dryable. Semi-solid materials cannot be dried and can be fed directly. Solid or non-melting materials can be bundled and dried. The material basket enters the drying section. The furnace body starts from the drying section. A drive gear is set before the inlet of the drying section. The gear drives the rack, which moves the material basket. This section is a jacketed hot air dryer. Hot air flows in the jacket and heats the furnace body, causing the temperature inside the furnace to rise continuously. The material moves rhythmically backward in the furnace body. The moving speed is adjustable. The residual heat of the pyrolysis flue gas is used for heating to reduce the moisture content to ≤0.5% and prevent the generation of wastewater from pyrolysis. The residence time of the material basket in the furnace body can be adjusted appropriately according to the actual degree of drying.

[0048] In this preferred embodiment, the pyrolysis section of the furnace body 10 includes a heating transition section, a constant-temperature pyrolysis section, and a slag discharge cooling transition section. The material basket enters the pyrolysis section, which is further divided into three parts: a feeding-end heating section, a constant-temperature pyrolysis section, and a slag discharge cooling section. The feeding-end heating section is used to block the conduction of the 500°C high temperature in the pyrolysis section, reducing the temperature in the gate valve area to a safe range and protecting the sealing components; it also prevents the material in the basket from being subjected to thermal shock. A gantry frame (gantry frame 1) is installed near the rear of the second gate valve. Gantry frame 1 is connected to the anchor bolts to form a stable whole, and the furnace body is firmly fixed here to the gantry frame and the foundation, allowing for free contraction and expansion both forward and backward. Driven by the gear-driven rack, the material basket slowly enters the high-temperature pyrolysis core section, where thermal pyrolysis is completed under a constant temperature of 500°C and a slight negative pressure. The material is converted into pyrolysis oil and gas, while the solid slag remains solid, with no dust or agitation throughout the process.

[0049] In this embodiment, the surrounding hot airflow heating mechanism 3 includes an insulated housing 20 disposed in the constant-temperature pyrolysis section of the furnace body 10. A square-section insulated housing is disposed outside the furnace body in the constant-temperature pyrolysis section. An annular airflow channel is left between the furnace body 10 and the protective housing 20. Combustion nozzles 21 are arranged around the insulated housing 20, allowing the hot airflow to surround the furnace body for uniform heating. A gas collecting hood 5 is connected to the combustion nozzles 21, allowing the oil and gas escaping from the feeding and slag discharge sections to re-enter the combustion nozzles for combustion, avoiding environmental pollution and saving energy. The combustion nozzles 21 correspond to the annular airflow channel, rather than directly facing the furnace body 10, avoiding direct burning of the furnace body. The combustion nozzles 21 are connected to burners 22, with adjacent combustion nozzles 21 arranged vertically. This vertical arrangement of adjacent combustion nozzles creates strong cross-turbulence between the flames and hot airflow emitted from each nozzle within the airflow channel, promoting thorough mixing of the fuel gas and air, and uniform heat diffusion. This arrangement effectively avoids the problems of airflow stratification and uneven heat distribution that occur with parallel arrangements, further ensuring the consistency of circumferential heating of the furnace body. Burner 22 ignites through combustion nozzle 21 in the annular airflow channel, forming a ring-shaped hot airflow that heats the furnace body 10 from all sides. In practical applications, a high-temperature flame observation port is installed next to each burner to observe the combustion process. The simultaneous heating of the furnace body from all sides using a ring-shaped hot airflow breaks the temperature gradient distribution caused by traditional single-sided or bottom heating, making the circumferential temperature field of the furnace body more uniform. This 360° all-around heating method effectively eliminates localized overheating and underheating areas in the furnace body, ensuring that the pyrolysis reaction proceeds synchronously and uniformly in the isothermal pyrolysis section of the furnace body, thereby improving the stability of product yield and the consistency of product quality.

[0050] The hot airflow forms a forced convection circulation within the airflow channel. Compared to simple heat radiation conduction, the convective heat transfer coefficient is significantly improved, allowing heat to be transferred to the outer wall of the furnace more quickly and fully. Simultaneously, the annular airflow path extends the contact time and heat exchange area between the high-temperature flue gas and the furnace body, enhancing the heat transfer effect, reducing the exhaust gas temperature, and improving the overall thermal efficiency of the system. The insulated casing 20 is equipped with multiple flue gas outlets 25, which are connected to the main flue gas pipe 6 via pipelines. The main flue gas pipe 6 is connected to the air inlet pipe 102, providing heat for the waste heat drying mechanism. This allows for the full utilization of the waste heat generated during the pyrolysis process to pre-dry the materials entering the furnace.

[0051] In this preferred embodiment, the distance between the insulation shell and the furnace body is 300 mm. Since the furnace body is circular and the insulation shell is square, there are four triangular areas at the four corners in the cross-section. The combustion nozzles are arranged in these triangular areas, with the center line of the nozzle parallel to the right angle side of one of the triangular areas. Each triangular area has one nozzle installed in the same direction, and the nozzles in the four triangular areas are staggered and not on the same plane. In this way, all the burners spray fire towards the gap between the furnace body and the insulation shell, rather than directly burning the cylinder, and the direction is the same on the circumference, thus forming a ring-shaped airflow to uniformly heat the furnace body. The combustion nozzles use a dual-fuel system of oil and gas, which can use self-produced recycled oil or non-condensable gas, mainly non-condensable gas. The non-condensable gas generated by the oil-gas condensation system is connected to the combustion nozzles through pipelines, and flame arresters are installed on the pipelines.

[0052] The insulated housing 20 includes a metal outer shell, within which a fire-resistant and heat-insulating structural layer is installed. Specifically, the fire-resistant and heat-insulating structural layer, from the inside out, includes a fire-resistant and heat-insulating layer, a high-efficiency heat-insulating layer, and a supporting heat-insulating layer. The fire-resistant and heat-insulating layer is made of fire-resistant cotton, the high-efficiency heat-insulating layer is made of heat-insulating board, and the supporting heat-insulating layer is made of ceramic fiber board. The inner layer of fire-resistant cotton utilizes its excellent high-temperature resistance and thermal shock resistance to withstand the highest temperature impact; the middle layer of heat-insulating board leverages its low thermal conductivity to form the main thermal resistance barrier; the outer layer of ceramic fiber board provides sufficient mechanical strength and supporting rigidity to protect the integrity of the internal heat-insulating layer structure. The metal outer shell can be made of stainless steel as the basic supporting structure. The superimposed heat insulation effect of the multi-layer composite structure makes the overall heat insulation performance of the insulated housing far exceed that of a single-layer structure, significantly reducing the outer wall temperature. This not only reduces heat loss to the environment and improves system thermal efficiency, but also reduces fuel consumption and operating costs.

[0053] like Figure 9 As shown, in this embodiment, the furnace body 10 is supported by a roller support gantry frame 8 and roller support platforms 9. The roller support gantry frame 8 includes a frame 81, with support wheels 82 corresponding to the furnace body 10 around the frame 81, and a pipe support frame 83 on the upper part of the frame 81. The roller support platform 9 includes a support platform 91, with rollers 92 on the support platform 91. The elongated foundation bears the weight of the entire furnace body and the insulation shell. Anchor bolts are installed on the foundation at the positions of the roller support platforms and the roller support gantry frame, and the anchor bolts are connected to the steel reinforcement cage of the foundation. The anchor bolts are used to fix the roller support platforms and the gantry frame. The roller support platforms 9 are evenly distributed at intervals in each section, and all support wheels 82 are on the same horizontal line, which plays the role of supporting the entire furnace body. The rollers 92 of the gantry frame play the role of preventing the furnace body from bending. The entire furnace body is supported and prevented from deforming by multiple sets of roller support platforms and roller support gantry frames. The furnace body can freely expand and contract with thermal expansion and contraction without uncontrolled bending.

[0054] Throughout the pyrolysis section, a set of support rollers and gantry frames are installed at intervals. The support rollers and gantry frames are combined, with support rollers or gantry frames installed at the points of breakage. The support rollers are used to support the entire furnace body to prevent sagging, and the gantry frames are used to fix the furnace body to prevent bending. Both the support rollers and gantry frames are equipped with wheels, allowing the furnace body to freely contract and expand thermally. Sufficient radial thermal expansion clearance is provided to ensure that the furnace body does not sag or undergo significant bending deformation. The casing breaks at the point where it encounters the support rollers. Therefore, the area around the support rollers is not insulated or heated by the casing. The surface of the furnace body outside the contact area between the support rollers / gantry frames and the furnace body is maintained at a temperature of no less than 500 degrees Celsius using an electromagnetic heating system, and is insulated with refractory cotton.

[0055] After pyrolysis, the material basket enters the water tank cooling transition section. By setting up a water tank for cooling on the furnace body and installing a cooling tower, the furnace body and material in the transition section are cooled to ≤55℃ after a certain length of water cooling, ensuring the safety of slag discharge.

[0056] Example 4, as Figure 6 As shown, a general-purpose continuous pyrolysis equipment is further optimized based on Embodiment 3. In this embodiment, as a preferred embodiment, the insulation shell 20 is a combined shell, which includes a left shell 2-1 and a right shell 2-2, which are sealed and fixed by fasteners. Specifically, both the left shell 2-1 and the right shell 2-2 are U-shaped structures, and both are provided with flanges 2-7. The fasteners are bolts 2-8 adapted to the flanges 2-7. Positioning elements 2-3 and sealing elements 2-4 are provided on the joint surfaces of the left shell 2-1 and the right shell 2-2. By splitting the integral insulation shell into two shells, the problems of traditional welded shells being unable to be disassembled and difficult to inspect internally are completely solved. When it is necessary to inspect, clean coke deposits, or replace refractory materials on the outer wall of the furnace, the shell can be opened simply by loosening the bolts, which greatly shortens the maintenance cycle, reduces labor intensity, and ensures the continuity and flexibility of production. Positioning components 2-3 utilize a combination of protrusions and grooves for positioning, providing automatic guidance and alignment during assembly. This ensures the positional accuracy of the left and right housings when they are closed, preventing poor flange fit or damage to the internal insulation layer due to misalignment. The seals are located on the upper and lower sides of the positioning structure, forming a double sealing barrier. Even if one seal leaks due to high-temperature aging or mechanical damage, the other seal maintains its sealing effect, effectively preventing the leakage of high-temperature flue gas and the infiltration of cold air. The placement of the seals on both sides of the positioning structure also avoids them directly bearing the compression and shear forces of the positioning structure, extending their service life.

[0057] In this embodiment, as a preferred option, such as Figure 7As shown, the furnace body 10 has multiple oil and gas outlets on the pyrolysis section. The oil and gas condensation system 4 includes an oil and gas main pipe 15 connected to the oil and gas outlets, a staged condensation system, and a non-condensable gas purification system. The non-condensable gas purification system includes a non-condensable gas purification device 404 and a fan unit 405. The outlet of the staged condensation system is connected to the non-condensable gas purification device 404, and the outlet of the non-condensable gas purification device 404 is connected to the fan unit 405. The air outlet of the fan unit 405 is connected to the combustion nozzle 21. Multiple oil and gas outlets are provided on the furnace body in the constant temperature pyrolysis section, which converge into the oil and gas main pipe and lead to the multi-stage condenser, where they are condensed into liquid oil and stored in oil tanks. The non-condensable gas is stored in a gas holder after naphthalene removal and purification, and then goes to the oil and gas dual-purpose burner on the furnace shell to heat the furnace body. If the non-condensable gas is insufficient, self-produced pyrolysis oil is used. An outdoor non-condensable gas combustion torch is also provided for emergency exhaust.

[0058] The staged condensation system includes multiple sets of condensation units connected in series. Each set of condensation units includes a circulating water cooling device 401, a condenser 402, and a liquid storage tank 403. The condensers 402 of two adjacent sets of condensation units are connected. A naphthalene collection tank 406 is provided between the non-condensable gas purification device 404 and the condenser 402 corresponding to the final stage.

[0059] Specifically, multiple oil and gas outlets are evenly arranged above the furnace body in the high-temperature pyrolysis section. These outlets are constructed from thickened seamless pipes welded to the furnace body. The multiple outlets are connected in parallel and converge into a main oil and gas pipeline. Both the main pipeline and the outlets are equipped with stainless steel high-temperature compensators. The main pipeline leads to a condenser, which consists of multiple condensation units connected in series. Each condensation unit is equipped with a cooling tower to cool the condensate. Below each condensation unit is a process oil storage tank, allowing for multi-stage water temperature condensation. This embodiment uses six condensation units as an example: the first condensation unit has an outlet water temperature of 90 degrees Celsius, the second condensation unit 70 degrees Celsius, the third condensation unit 55 degrees Celsius, the fourth condensation unit 45 degrees Celsius, the fifth condensation unit 35 degrees Celsius, and the sixth condensation unit 25 degrees Celsius. Each condenser can condense different types of regenerated oil, which are then stored separately. After the condenser, only non-condensable gases remain. A naphthalene trap is installed between the gas outlet of the last tubular condenser unit in the multi-stage condensing unit and the non-condensable gas purification device. This trap collects residual naphthalene vapor from the non-condensable gases, causing naphthalene crystals to adhere to a grid. The grid is cleaned and replaced regularly to prevent the non-condensable gas pipeline from being blocked by naphthalene crystals. Multiple sets of parallel non-condensable gas filters are installed after the condenser. Each condensing unit is replenished with water from a large water tank. Finally, two Roots blowers are installed in parallel, one as a backup, to maintain negative pressure in the oil and gas system. A gas holder is installed after the Roots blowers to store and stabilize the non-condensable gases. The non-condensable gases are then connected to the combustion nozzles through pipelines.

[0060] Example 5, as Figure 8As shown, a general-purpose continuous pyrolysis equipment is further optimized based on Example 4. The dual-gate valve vacuum replacement oxygen-free feeding mechanism 2 of the furnace body 10 feeding section includes a first gate valve 201 located between the furnace body hollow inspection section and the furnace body feeding section, and a second gate valve 202 located between the furnace body feeding section and the furnace body pyrolysis section. A first vacuum pump 203 is connected to the furnace body feeding section. The first vacuum pump 203 is connected to the gas collection hood 5 through a first pipe 204, and the first vacuum pump 203 is connected to the heating transition section of the furnace body 10 pyrolysis section through a second pipe 206. The vacuum pump is connected to the gas collection hood 5 through the first pipe, and the vacuum pump is connected to the furnace body pyrolysis section through the second pipe. The first vacuum pump can pump the gas generated in the feeding section to the pyrolysis section or subsequent treatment system through the second pipe, realizing the directional collection and reuse of pyrolysis gas, improving energy utilization efficiency, and avoiding environmental pollution and safety hazards caused by disorderly emission of pyrolysis gas. The first vacuum pump, through the first pipeline, can also guide the extracted gas into the gas collection hood to collect the small amount of oil and gas that escapes during the feeding and slag discharge processes. This gas can also be centrally treated (e.g., condensation, purification, incineration, or recovery) to avoid direct emissions and secondary pollution, thus meeting environmental protection requirements. A dual-gate valve series isolation system forms a three-stage airtight barrier: "inspection section—feeding section—pyrolysis section." Compared to a single-gate valve structure, even if a single valve has a minor leak, the second gate valve can still prevent air from entering the pyrolysis section, fundamentally ensuring the stability of the oxygen-free environment inside the pyrolysis furnace. Under slightly negative or positive pressure conditions, the high-temperature pyrolysis gas and oil and gas generated in the pyrolysis section are prone to reverse flow into the feeding section or even leakage in traditional single-valve structures. The dual-gate valve physical isolation completely isolates the pyrolysis section from the outside, and the high-temperature flue gas is effectively blocked by the second gate valve, avoiding thermal damage to the feeding equipment and safety hazards. A laser oxygen analyzer 8 and a combustible gas detector 9 are also installed on the furnace feeding section. The laser oxygen analyzer can monitor the oxygen content in the feeding section and pyrolysis section in real time, ensuring that the oxygen content is always below the safe threshold to prevent pyrolysis gas explosions or oxidation reactions caused by excessive oxygen. The combustible gas detector monitors the feeding section for leaks of pyrolysis gas (such as methane, ethylene, etc.). Once an abnormal combustible gas concentration is detected, an alarm is immediately triggered, and nitrogen protection or furnace shutdown is activated to prevent fire and explosion accidents. The monitoring data serves as input signals for the PLC / DCS system, enabling automated interlocking control—automatic nitrogen purging when oxygen content exceeds the limit, and automatic valve closure and emergency procedures activation when combustible gas levels exceed the limit, achieving unattended safe operation. A high-temperature dust filter 31 and a low-temperature condenser trap 32 are installed between the vacuum pump and the furnace feeding section. The high-temperature dust filter 31 intercepts solid dust particles that may be entrained in the feeding section, preventing them from entering the vacuum pump and causing pump wear, jamming, or seal damage, significantly extending the vacuum pump's service life and reducing maintenance frequency; moreover, the filter effectively removes dust impurities from the gas, preventing dust accumulation and blockage in the pipeline system.The cryogenic condenser trap 32 condenses and traps condensable components (such as heavy oil, water vapor, etc.) in the cracked gas, realizes resource recovery, reduces the load of subsequent processing, and at the same time prevents condensable substances from entering the vacuum pump, causing oil pollution or efficiency reduction.

[0061] In this embodiment, the double-gate valve vacuum replacement oxygen-free feeding mechanism 2 of the slag discharge section of the furnace body 10 includes a third gate valve 207 disposed between the furnace body pyrolysis section and the furnace body slag discharge section, and a fourth gate valve 208 disposed at the slag discharge port of the furnace body slag discharge section. A second vacuum pump 209 is connected to the furnace body slag discharge section. The second vacuum pump 209 is connected to the gas collection hood 5 through a third pipe 210, and the second vacuum pump 209 is connected to the slag discharge cooling transition section of the furnace body 10 pyrolysis section through a fourth pipe 211. Similarly, a laser oxygen analyzer 8, a combustible gas detector 9, a high-temperature dust filter 31, and a low-temperature condensate trap 32 can also be installed on this section of the furnace body. A knife gate valve (first gate valve) is installed between the hollow inspection section and the feeding section; a knife gate valve (second gate valve) is installed between the feeding section and the pyrolysis section; a knife gate valve (third gate valve) is installed between the pyrolysis section and the slag discharge section; and a knife gate valve (fourth gate valve) is installed at the end of the slag discharge section. Each gate valve is equipped with gear drives on both its front and rear sides. The gate valves are used to divide the functional sections. The track is broken at the gate plate of the gate valve, and the rack passes over the break in the track through multiple sets of wheels, driving the material basket to pass through unobstructed. This achieves continuous, fixed-bed pyrolysis with fully enclosed negative pressure operation, closed-loop heat, lower energy consumption, and high product recovery rate.

[0062] It should be noted that this system incorporates high-temperature resistant sensors in multiple locations, transmitting signals to the PLC monitoring screen in real time. This allows for real-time monitoring of the status of all moving parts, including sections, valves, gears, motors, oil pumps, air pumps, and fans. Various temperature and pressure gauges utilize remote transmission capabilities, and all control switches are configured for both manual and automatic operation. Furthermore, it features safety interlocks: nitrogen protection (the nitrogen generation system serves as an emergency backup and is used for nitrogen purging during shutdowns and maintenance); and automatic alarms for temperature / pressure exceeding limits.

[0063] Example 6: A continuous pyrolysis method using the general-purpose continuous pyrolysis equipment of Example 5. The steps are as follows: S1 Waste heat drying: The waste heat from the flue gas generated in the pyrolysis section of the furnace body is used to heat and dry the material located in the drying section of the furnace body. The material is located in the material basket and moves along the length of the furnace body under the action of the gear and rack mechanism. This section is a jacketed hot air dryer. The raw material passes through the furnace body, and the hot air flows in the jacket to heat the furnace body, so that the temperature inside the furnace body rises continuously. The material moves rhythmically backward in the furnace body, and the moving speed can be adjusted. The waste heat from the pyrolysis flue gas is used for surrounding heating to reduce the moisture content to ≤0.5% and prevent wastewater from being generated by pyrolysis. The residence time of the material basket in the furnace body can be adjusted appropriately according to the actual degree of drying.

[0064] S2 Hollow Inspection: After drying, the material and basket are pushed from the drying section into the hollow inspection section of the furnace body by the front basket. The degree of drying of the material and the condition of the basket are checked. If there are no abnormalities, it is pushed backward to the feeding section of the furnace body; if there are abnormalities, the basket is removed by replacing the discharge mechanism. There is a short rail in this section that is disconnected from the main rail and is fixed to the furnace body with a buckle structure. If there is a problem, the basket is moved to this section of the rail, the buckle is released, and it is moved away for repair by the handling equipment. The short rail is immediately removed or replaced with a spare short rail. Because buyers generally do not cover the waste with tarpaulins, the moisture content of each batch is different, and the drying time and temperature need to be adjusted at any time according to the situation.

[0065] S3 Sealed Negative Pressure Feeding: Open the first gate valve, activate the corresponding gear drive assembly until the material basket is completely pushed into the furnace feeding section, then close the first gate valve, use a vacuum pump to remove the air from the furnace feeding section and send it to the pyrolysis section or gas collection hood, then open the second gate valve, connecting the feeding section and the pyrolysis section, and activate the corresponding gear drive assembly again until the material basket is completely pushed out of the furnace feeding section; then close the second gate valve, and use a vacuum pump again to remove the air from the furnace feeding section and send it to the pyrolysis section or gas collection hood. Specifically, the sealed negative pressure feeding process is as follows: After the material basket in the drying section continuously increases, it comes out from the hollow inspection section, and after inspection, it is pushed to the front of the first gate valve in the feeding section. A gear drive is set in front of the first gate valve, and the gear contacts the rack on the material basket for easy engagement. Open the first gate valve, activate the gear drive in front of the gate valve, and drive the rack forward in the track. The track is disconnected at the gate plate position of the first gate valve, because it must be disconnected to prevent the gate from closing, and gaps are left on both sides of the gate plate to prevent the gate plate from scraping the track. Once one end of the rack passes the break point and enters the feeding section, it meshes with the gears within the feeding section. This achieves a relay of force between the two gears on the rack, with the gears in the feeding section continuing to advance the rack until it is fully inside the feeding section. At this point, the first gate valve is closed, and the feed basket enters the sealed feeding section, which can only accommodate a single basket. The feeding section is now at atmospheric pressure. A first vacuum pump is installed on the furnace body in the feeding section to remove air from the feeding section. Then, the second gate valve is opened, fully connecting the feeding section and the pyrolysis section, allowing oil and gas to enter the feeding section. The relay of force between the gears in the feeding section and the gears after the second gate valve drives the feed basket past the break point and gate valve into the front end of the pyrolysis section. The second gate valve is then closed, creating a sealed small space in the feeding section again. The vacuum pump is then activated to draw the oil and gas from the feeding section back to the pyrolysis section. Air replacement (oxygen concentration ≤3%) is achieved through the double gate valves and vacuum pump, resulting in airless feeding; however, a nitrogen generation system is still provided for emergency handling.

[0066] S4 Feed End Heating Transition: The feed end heating section is where the material basket enters the pyrolysis section of the furnace body. The feeding end heating section is used to block the conduction of the 500℃ high temperature in the pyrolysis section, reduce the temperature of the gate valve area to a safe range, and protect the sealing components. It also prevents the material in the feed basket from being subjected to thermal shock.

[0067] S5 isothermal pyrolysis: The material basket is pushed into the isothermal pyrolysis section of the furnace body by the front material basket. The burner of the surrounding hot air heating mechanism burns in the annular airflow channel through the combustion nozzle and forms an annular surrounding hot airflow to heat the furnace body of the isothermal pyrolysis section. During this process, the oil and gas in the furnace body of the isothermal pyrolysis section are cooled by the oil and gas condensation system. The cooled non-condensable gas and the gas in the gas collection hood are sent back to the combustion nozzle for combustion. The thermal pyrolysis is completed at a constant temperature of 500℃ and a slight negative pressure. The material is converted into pyrolyzed oil and gas, and the solid slag is retained in solid state. There is no dust and no agitation throughout the process.

[0068] S6 Forced Water Cooling: After pyrolysis, the material basket enters the slag discharge cooling section of the pyrolysis section of the furnace body, and is cooled by water until the material temperature is ≤55℃.

[0069] S7 Sealed Negative Pressure Slag Discharge: First, a vacuum pump is used to remove air from the slag discharge section of the furnace body to the pyrolysis section or gas collection hood. Then, the third gate valve is opened, connecting the slag discharge section and the pyrolysis section. The cooled material and the material basket enter the slag discharge section of the furnace body under the action of the corresponding gear drive components. The third gate valve is closed, and the vacuum pump is used again to remove air from the slag discharge section and send it to the pyrolysis section or gas collection hood. Then, the fourth gate valve is opened to pull the material basket out of the slag discharge section. Then, the fourth gate valve is closed, and the air from the slag discharge section is removed again. Specifically, the sealed negative pressure slag discharge process is as follows: After reaching the cooling temperature, the second vacuum pump is used to remove air from the slag discharge section, and then the third gate valve is opened, making the slag discharge section and the pyrolysis section a connected whole. The gear in front of the third gate valve drives the rack and pinion basket across the track break point to enter the sealed slag discharge section. The gear behind the third gate valve then takes over from the rack and pinion, moving the basket into the slag discharge section. The third gate valve is then closed, and a vacuum pump extracts the oil and gas from the slag discharge section to the pyrolysis section. The fourth gate valve is then opened to pull the basket out of the slag discharge section. The fourth gate valve is then closed, and the oil and gas from the slag discharge section are extracted again. The exhaust ports of the vacuum pumps at the feed end and slag discharge end discharge into the gas collection hood above, allowing a small amount of oil and gas to be burned off by the combustion nozzle. This cycle continues, completing the entire closed-loop conveying process.

[0070] S8 Solid Slag Separation: The material basket exiting the slag discharge section is sent to a fully enclosed separation workshop. Different solid slag and material basket separation methods are used according to the different characteristics of each material. During solid slag separation, the slag discharge basket is sent to the fully enclosed separation workshop, and different solid slag and material basket separation methods are used according to the different characteristics of each material. Solid slag from materials such as oil sludge and plastics that do not contain metal will adhere to the material basket and can be separated by gently tapping with a soft hammer. The solid slag is then collected and bagged. Fiberglass, solar panels, and waste rubber that does not contain metal will not adhere and can be collected and bagged. Waste tires, steel wire hoses, rubber-metal composites, and plastic-metal composites require solid slag and metal separation through an intermittent drum screen. The slag discharge basket is sent to a fully enclosed dedicated separation workshop, where solid slag and metal separation is completed through an intermittent drum screen. The drum screen uses an intermittent furnace body with a feed end at the front, which has a feed door that can be completely closed. The screen body is divided into two sides and a middle section. The two side screens are made of steel plates, while the middle screen is made of perforated mesh. Equipped with a hydraulic piston feeder, the feeder has a feeding platform. The feeder is aligned and fixed at the entrance. The material baskets from the slag discharge section, after natural cooling to room temperature, are directly opened and separated on the feeder's feeding platform, loading the carbon black and steel wire mixture into the drum screen. Once full, the feeder exits and the screen door closes. The screen is enclosed in a fully sealed outer shell. Both ends are dynamically sealed using fish-scale mesh combined with felt and steel plates. A solid slag particle outlet is located at the bottom of the outer shell, connecting to a screw conveyor for packaging and storage of the solid slag particles. The rotation of the drum screen repeatedly grinds the solid slag and metal, causing fine particles to pass through the screen and fall into the lower outer shell outlet. There is also a door at the rear. After the solid slag and metal are separated, only steel wires and metal parts remain in the drum screen. At this point, the rear door is opened, and a mechanical gripper is installed next to the door. The mechanical gripper pulls out the steel wires and metal parts, and a steel wire bundling machine is used to directly bundle them and store them in the warehouse. The metal parts are packaged and stored separately. Workshop dust is collected under negative pressure and then packaged and stored.

[0071] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A general-purpose continuous pyrolysis device, characterized in that: The furnace body (10) includes a furnace body (10) and a material basket (11). The furnace body (10) is divided into a drying section, a hollow inspection section, a feeding section, a pyrolysis section and a slag discharge section along the feeding direction. The material basket (11) is located inside the furnace body (10) and can move along the length of the furnace body (10) through a gear and rack mechanism (12). The drying section of the furnace body (10) is equipped with a waste heat drying mechanism (1), the hollow inspection section of the furnace body (10) is equipped with a discharge mechanism (7), the feeding section and the slag discharge section of the furnace body (10) are both equipped with a double gate valve vacuum replacement oxygen-free feeding mechanism (2), and the pyrolysis section of the furnace body (10) is equipped with a surrounding hot airflow heating mechanism (3) and an oil and gas condensation system (4). The surrounding hot airflow heating mechanism (3) is connected to the waste heat drying mechanism (1). The slag discharge section and the feeding section of the furnace body (10) are both equipped with a gas collection hood (5), which can supply gas to the surrounding hot airflow heating mechanism (3).

2. The general-purpose continuous pyrolysis equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gear and rack mechanism (12) includes a track (121) set on the top of the furnace body (10) and a rack (122) connected to the top of the material basket (11). Multiple gear drive assemblies (13) are provided on the low-temperature section of the furnace body (10). The multiple gear drive assemblies (13) are arranged longitudinally along the furnace body (10). The gear drive assembly (13) includes a housing (131) fixed on the outer wall of the furnace body (10) and a drive motor (132). A gear (133) connected to the drive motor (132) is provided inside the housing (131). The gear (133) meshes with the rack (122) for transmission.

3. The general-purpose continuous pyrolysis equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The material basket (11) is connected to the rack (122) through the connector (16). The track (121) has a frame-shaped cross-section and a slot for the connector (16) to pass through is provided at the bottom of the track (121). The low-temperature section of the furnace body (10) includes the feed inlet, feed section and slag discharge section of the furnace body drying section. The outer shell (131) is fixedly and sealed to the furnace body (10). A first gap groove for the gear (133) to pass through is provided on the furnace body (10), and a second gap groove for the gear (133) to pass through is provided at the top of the track (121). The rack (122) is provided with a set of traveling wheels (14) at both the front and rear ends. The set of traveling wheels (14) moves along the support part (1211) of the track (121). The set of traveling wheels (14) includes at least three sets of wheelsets. Each set of wheelsets includes two traveling wheels. The two traveling wheels of the same set are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the rack.

4. The general-purpose continuous pyrolysis equipment according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The discharge mechanism (7) includes a short rail (71) that can be detachably installed on the top of the furnace body in the hollow inspection section. The short rail (71) and the track (121) are arranged in front and behind respectively. The hollow inspection section of the furnace body is a hollow structure and is provided with a discharge port that facilitates the discharge of material basket (11).

5. The general-purpose continuous pyrolysis equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The material basket (11) includes an upper basket cover (1101) and a lower basket body (1102) that can be opened and closed together; the upper basket cover (1) and the lower basket body (2) are hinged on one side and connected by a lock (1103) on the other side to form a clamshell-type opening and closing material basket; The material basket is equipped with at least two annular frames. Each annular frame is divided into upper and lower parts along the transverse cross section. The upper and lower parts are the upper frame (11011) of the upper basket cover (1101) and the lower frame (11021) of the lower basket body (1102). The outer arc surface of the upper basket cover (1101) and the end faces of both ends are fully covered and fixed with metal mesh (11012). The outer arc surface of the lower basket body (1102) and the end faces of both ends are fully covered and fixed with metal plates (11022). The upper basket cover (1101) and the lower basket body (1102) are interlocked to form a horizontal barrel-shaped structure, and the top of the upper basket cover (1101) is provided with a connector (16).

6. The general-purpose continuous pyrolysis equipment according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: The waste heat drying mechanism (1) includes a jacketed furnace shell (101) installed in the drying section of the furnace body (10). A hot air channel is formed between the jacketed furnace shell (101) and the furnace body (10). The air inlet of the jacketed furnace shell (101) is connected to the surrounding hot air flow heating mechanism (3) of the cracking section of the furnace body (10) through the air inlet pipe (102). The air outlet of the jacketed furnace shell (101) is connected to a flue gas treatment device (103).

7. The general-purpose continuous pyrolysis equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The furnace body (10) pyrolysis section includes a heating transition section, a constant temperature pyrolysis section and a slag discharge cooling transition section; the surrounding hot airflow heating mechanism (3) includes a heat preservation shell (20) set in the constant temperature pyrolysis section of the furnace body (10), an annular airflow channel is left between the furnace body (10) and the heat preservation shell (20), and combustion nozzles (21) are provided around the heat preservation shell (20). The gas collection hood (5) is connected to the combustion nozzles (21), the combustion nozzles (21) correspond to the annular airflow channel, and the combustion nozzles (21) are connected to the burners (22). Two adjacent combustion nozzles (21) are set vertically; the burners (22) burn in the annular airflow channel through the combustion nozzles (21) and form an annular surrounding hot airflow to heat the furnace body (10) around; the heat preservation shell (20) is provided with multiple flue gas outlets (25), and the multiple flue gas outlets (25) are connected to the flue gas main pipe (6) through pipes. The flue gas main pipe (6) is connected to the air inlet pipe (102).

8. The general-purpose continuous pyrolysis equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The heat preservation housing (20) is a modular housing, which includes a left housing (2-1) and a right housing (2-2), and the left housing (2-1) and the right housing (2-2) are sealed and fixed by fasteners; Both the left shell (2-1) and the right shell (2-2) are U-shaped structures. Both the left shell (2-1) and the right shell (2-2) are equipped with flanges (2-7), and the fasteners are bolts (2-8) that are compatible with the flanges (2-7). The left shell (2-1) and the right shell (2-2) are equipped with positioning elements (2-3) and sealing elements (2-4) on their mating surfaces.

9. The general-purpose continuous pyrolysis equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that: The furnace body (10) has multiple oil and gas outlets on the pyrolysis section. The oil and gas condensation system (4) includes an oil and gas main pipe (15) connected to the oil and gas outlets, a staged condensation system, and a non-condensable gas purification system. The non-condensable gas purification system includes a non-condensable gas purification device (404) and a fan unit (405). The outlet end of the staged condensation system is connected to the non-condensable gas purification device (404), and the outlet end of the non-condensable gas purification device (404) is connected to the fan unit (405). The air outlet of the fan unit (405) is connected to the combustion nozzle (21). The staged condensation system includes multiple condensation units connected in series. Each condensation unit includes a circulating water cooling device (401), a condenser (402), and a liquid storage tank (403). The condensers (402) of two adjacent condensation units are connected. A naphthalene collection tank (406) is provided between the non-condensable gas purification device (404) and the condenser (402) corresponding to the last stage.

10. The general-purpose continuous pyrolysis equipment according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that: The double gate valve vacuum replacement oxygen-free feeding mechanism (2) of the furnace body (10) feeding section includes a first gate valve (201) set between the furnace body hollow inspection section and the furnace body feeding section and a second gate valve (202) set between the furnace body feeding section and the furnace body pyrolysis section. A first vacuum pump (203) is connected to the furnace body feeding section. The first vacuum pump (203) is connected to the gas collection hood (5) through the first pipe (204). The vacuum pump (203) is connected to the heating transition section of the furnace body (10) pyrolysis section through the second pipe (206). The double gate valve vacuum replacement oxygen-free feeding mechanism (2) of the slag discharge section of the furnace body (10) includes a third gate valve (207) set between the furnace body pyrolysis section and the furnace body slag discharge section and a fourth gate valve (208) set at the slag discharge port of the furnace body slag discharge section. A second vacuum pump (209) is connected to the furnace body slag discharge section. The second vacuum pump (209) is connected to the gas collection hood (5) through the third pipe (210). The second vacuum pump (209) is connected to the slag discharge cooling transition section of the furnace body (10) pyrolysis section through the fourth pipe (211).

11. The general-purpose continuous pyrolysis equipment according to claim 10, characterized in that: The furnace body (10) is supported by a roller gantry (8) and a roller support platform (9). The roller gantry (8) includes a frame (81), and the frame (81) is provided with support wheels (82) corresponding to the furnace body (10) around its perimeter. The frame (81) is provided with a pipe support frame (83) on its upper part. The roller support platform (9) includes a support platform (91), and the support platform (91) is provided with rollers (92).

12. A continuous pyrolysis method, characterized in that: Using the general-purpose continuous pyrolysis equipment as described in claim 11, the steps are as follows: S1 Waste heat drying: using the waste heat of flue gas generated in the pyrolysis section of the furnace body to heat and dry the material located in the drying section of the furnace body, the material is located in the material basket and moves along the length of the furnace body under the action of the gear and rack mechanism. S2 Hollow Inspection: After drying, the material and the basket are pushed from the drying section into the hollow inspection section of the furnace body by the front basket to check the degree of drying of the material and the condition of the basket. If there is no abnormality, it is pushed to the feeding section of the furnace body; if there is an abnormality, the basket is removed by replacing the discharge mechanism. S3 Sealed Negative Pressure Feeding: Open the first gate valve, start the corresponding gear drive assembly until the material basket is completely pushed into the furnace feeding section, then close the first gate valve, use a vacuum pump to remove the air in the furnace feeding section and send it to the pyrolysis section or gas collection hood, then open the second gate valve, connecting the feeding section and the pyrolysis section, start the corresponding gear drive assembly again until the material basket is completely pushed out of the furnace feeding section; then close the second gate valve, and use a vacuum pump to remove the air in the furnace feeding section and send it to the pyrolysis section or gas collection hood; S4 Feed End Heating Transition: The feed basket enters the feed end heating section of the pyrolysis section of the furnace body, and undergoes a heating transition in the feed end heating section. S5 isothermal pyrolysis: The material basket enters the isothermal pyrolysis section of the furnace body under the push of the front material basket. The burner of the surrounding hot air heating mechanism burns in the annular airflow channel through the combustion nozzle and forms an annular surrounding hot airflow to heat the furnace body of the isothermal pyrolysis section. During this process, the oil and gas in the furnace body of the isothermal pyrolysis section are cooled by the oil and gas condensation system. The cooled non-condensable gas and the gas in the gas collection hood are sent back to the combustion nozzle for combustion. S6 Forced Water Cooling: After pyrolysis, the material basket enters the slag discharge cooling section of the pyrolysis section of the furnace body and is cooled by water until the material temperature is ≤55℃; S7 Sealed Negative Pressure Slag Discharge: First, use a vacuum pump to remove the air from the slag discharge section of the furnace body to the pyrolysis section or gas collection hood. Then, open the third gate valve to connect the slag discharge section and the pyrolysis section. The cooled material and the material basket enter the slag discharge section of the furnace body under the action of the corresponding gear drive components. Close the third gate valve, then use a vacuum pump to remove the air in the slag discharge section and send it to the pyrolysis section or gas collection hood. Then, open the fourth gate valve to pull the material basket out of the slag discharge section. Then, close the fourth gate valve and remove the air from the slag discharge section. S8 Solid Slag Separation: The material baskets from the slag discharge section are sent to a fully enclosed separation workshop, where different solid slag and material basket separation methods are used according to the different characteristics of each material.

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