Systems and methods for synthesizing fuels

Abstract

This disclosure relates to a system and method for synthesizing fuels. The system includes a power generation unit, an energy storage module, a hydrogen production module, a hydrogen storage module, and a synthesis module. The system further includes: a planned time period fuel production acquisition unit for acquiring the planned time period fuel production; a sub-time period fuel production determination unit for determining the sub-time period fuel production; a sub-time period fuel production electricity consumption determination unit for determining the sub-time period fuel production electricity consumption to be used by the synthesis module in each sub-time period; a sub-time period hydrogen consumption determination unit for determining the sub-time period hydrogen consumption to be used by the synthesis module in each sub-time period; a sub-time period power generation acquisition unit for acquiring the sub-time period power generation to be generated by the power generation unit in each sub-time period; and a sub-time period module determination unit configured to determine the amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module and the amount of electricity stored or provided by the energy storage module. Thus, this technical solution enables efficient and stable fuel production from renewable energy sources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of renewable energy, and more specifically to systems and methods for synthesizing fuels. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of the current energy transition, with the continuous growth of installed wind and solar power capacity, the surplus of renewable energy and grid connection challenges are becoming increasingly prominent, especially in western provinces of China, where significant wind and solar power curtailment severely impacts the economic benefits and investment attractiveness of wind and solar power projects. On the one hand, wind and solar power generation is significantly intermittent, creating a clear contradiction with the continuous and stable power supply required for chemical synthesis processes. On the other hand, traditional control strategies and scheduling logic are no longer applicable, particularly in handling the complex coupling of "wind / solar-hydrogen-green fuel" systems, which typically encompass multiple energy forms and lengthy process flows.

[0003] Currently, there is considerable research on control strategies and scheduling logic for "wind / solar-storage" and "wind / solar-hydrogen-storage" systems. However, most studies focus solely on power allocation in the upstream process, specifically optimizing scheduling among wind farms, photovoltaic power plants, battery storage, and electricity load. These studies have not adequately considered the downstream chemical synthesis unit's demand for hydrogen supply. Furthermore, existing control systems lack comprehensive scheduling of the entire process, failing to effectively integrate electrochemical reaction processes, hydrogen storage, and green fuel synthesis. In this situation, even with reasonable upstream power scheduling, if the downstream chemical synthesis process cannot respond promptly to changes in feedstock (hydrogen) supply, or if the hydrogen storage facility's charging and discharging strategies are mismatched with upstream power scheduling, the overall stability and efficiency of the system remain difficult to guarantee. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the technical contradiction between wind and solar power fluctuations and stable production of chemical synthesis units in the operation of existing "wind / solar-hydrogen-green fuel" systems, as well as the lack of control methods and scheduling strategies for stable and efficient operation in energy systems with long processes and multiple energy forms coupled, this application aims to provide a more efficient and stable system and method for synthesizing fuels.

[0005] According to one aspect of this application, a system for synthesizing fuels is provided. The system includes a power generation device that generates electricity using renewable energy, an energy storage module that stores the electricity generated by the power generation device, a hydrogen production module that produces hydrogen using the electricity from the power generation device and / or the energy storage module, a hydrogen storage module that stores the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module, and a synthesis module that synthesizes fuel using the electricity from the power generation device and / or the energy storage module, and using the hydrogen from the hydrogen production module and / or the hydrogen storage module. The system further includes: a sub-time period power generation acquisition unit that acquires the sub-time period power generation capacity to be generated by the power generation device in each of a plurality of sub-time periods; and a sub-time period module determination unit configured to: determine the amount of hydrogen to be generated by the hydrogen production module in a given sub-time period based on the difference between the sub-time period power generation capacity of one of the plurality of sub-time periods and the sub-time period power generation capacity of the preceding adjacent sub-time period of the given sub-time period.

[0006] In this way, the technical solution obtains the power generation difference of the power generation device in adjacent sub-time periods and dynamically determines the hydrogen production amount of the hydrogen production module in the current sub-time period based on the difference. This enables direct response and adaptive adjustment of hydrogen production power to instantaneous fluctuations in wind and solar power. Based on the local power change trend, it performs localized and real-time hydrogen production control, thereby achieving high-precision synchronization between the hydrogen production process and the fluctuations in renewable energy output. This significantly improves the hydrogen supply's ability to follow power fluctuations and the dynamic stability of system operation.

[0007] According to one embodiment of this application, the system further includes: a planned time period fuel production acquisition unit, which acquires the planned time period fuel production of the synthesis module in a future planned time period; and a sub-time period fuel consumption determination unit, which determines the sub-time period fuel consumption of the synthesis module in each of the plurality of sub-time periods based on the planned time period fuel production, wherein the plurality of sub-time periods are divided from the planned time period, and the sum of the time lengths of the plurality of sub-time periods is equal to the time length of the planned time period.

[0008] In this way, the technical solution obtains the total fuel production of the synthesis module within the planned time period and distributes it evenly to multiple equally long sub-time periods divided from the planned time period. This determines the precise electricity consumption required for fuel synthesis in each sub-time period, thus decomposing long-term production targets into executable, time-equally distributed short-term power demand instructions. This ensures the load stability and predictability of power demand in the fuel synthesis process over time, providing a stable and consistent benchmark input for the subsequent dynamic coordinated control of electricity and hydrogen.

[0009] According to one embodiment of this application, the system further includes: a sub-time period fuel production determination unit, which determines the sub-time period fuel production of the fuel to be synthesized by the synthesis module in each sub-time period based on the planned time period fuel production; and the sub-time period fuel power consumption determination unit determines the sub-time period fuel power consumption based on the sub-time period fuel production.

[0010] In this way, the technical solution calculates the fuel output for each sub-time period based on the total output of the planned time period. Then, the fuel and electricity consumption determination unit for each sub-time period derives the corresponding electricity consumption based on the fuel output of that sub-time period. This achieves a step-by-step and precise mapping from macro-production planning to micro-electricity demand, ensuring that the power consumption of the synthesis module in each sub-time period strictly corresponds to its fuel output target. This establishes a deterministic and calculable mapping relationship between fuel output and electricity consumption, providing a reliable basis for the subsequent precise allocation of power resources.

[0011] According to one embodiment of this application, the sub-time period fuel consumption determination unit is further configured to: determine the planned time period fuel consumption that the synthesis module will use during the planned time period based on the planned time period fuel production; and determine the sub-time period fuel consumption based on the planned time period fuel consumption.

[0012] In this way, the technical solution first calculates the total electricity consumption of the synthesis module within the entire planned time period through the sub-time period fuel production electricity consumption determination unit, and then distributes the total electricity consumption equally or proportionally to each sub-time period to determine the fuel production electricity consumption of each sub-time period. This realizes the unified derivation and balanced allocation from global electricity demand to subdivided time period electricity targets, ensuring that the electricity consumption of sub-time periods is strictly consistent with the planned total electricity consumption, and improving the systematicness and consistency of electricity demand allocation.

[0013] According to one embodiment of this application, the sub-time period module determining unit is further configured to: determine the amount of electricity used by the hydrogen production module to produce hydrogen in the sub-time period based on the amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module in the sub-time period; and determine the amount of electricity that the energy storage module will store or provide in the sub-time period based on the difference between the sum of the hydrogen production electricity and the fuel production electricity in the sub-time period and the amount of electricity produced in the sub-time period of the sub-time period.

[0014] In this way, the technical solution calculates the corresponding electricity consumption for hydrogen production based on the hydrogen production volume of the hydrogen production module in a single sub-time period, and adds the electricity consumption for hydrogen production to the electricity consumption for fuel production of the synthesis module in the same sub-time period to form the total electricity demand for that sub-time period. This achieves accurate superposition of the electricity consumption of the two major power-consuming links of hydrogen production and fuel synthesis, ensuring that the system can fully identify the total electricity demand in each sub-time period, and providing a benchmark for subsequent power dispatch and energy storage regulation.

[0015] According to one embodiment of this application, the system further includes: a sub-time period hydrogen consumption determination unit, which determines the amount of hydrogen to be used by the synthesis module in each sub-time period based on the fuel production of the sub-time period; and a hydrogen storage module determining the amount of hydrogen to be stored or supplied by the hydrogen storage module in a sub-time period based on the difference between the amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module in a sub-time period and the amount of hydrogen consumed in the sub-time period.

[0016] In this way, the technical solution calculates the hydrogen demand of the synthesis module based on the fuel production of the sub-period hydrogen consumption determination unit, and directly determines the amount of hydrogen that the hydrogen storage module needs to store or release during the sub-period based on the difference between the actual hydrogen production of the hydrogen production module and the hydrogen consumption. This achieves real-time quantification of the hydrogen supply and demand difference and precise triggering of the hydrogen storage module's actions, thereby establishing a direct dynamic balance relationship between hydrogen production, hydrogen consumption, and hydrogen storage, ensuring the continuity of hydrogen supply and the responsiveness of the hydrogen storage system.

[0017] According to one embodiment of this application, the system further includes: a power generation prediction acquisition unit, which acquires the predicted power generation of the power generation device for each of a plurality of time periods of equal length to the planned time period following the planned time period; a hydrogen storage acquisition unit, which acquires the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage module at the beginning of the planned time period, determines the hydrogen consumption rate based on the hydrogen consumption of the sub-time period, determines the hydrogen consumption of the plurality of time periods based on the hydrogen consumption rate and the duration of the plurality of time periods, and determines the hydrogen storage capacity at the end of the plurality of time periods based on the hydrogen storage capacity at the beginning of the planned time period and the hydrogen consumption of the plurality of time periods; and a fuel production determination unit for the planned time period, which determines the fuel production capacity of the synthesis module to synthesize fuel during the planned time period based on the predicted power generation and the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage module at the end of the plurality of time periods.

[0018] In this way, this application forward-lookingly predicts the wind and solar power generation capacity for multiple future periods, and combines the remaining hydrogen quantity of the hydrogen storage module at the end of the prediction period as a key constraint to dynamically calculate and optimize the fuel production target for the current planned period. This ensures that the production plan can be adjusted in advance before the risk of a "powerless future" or "hydrogen resource depletion" occurs, so as to achieve safe, continuous and optimal carbon footprint operation of the system under energy uncertainty.

[0019] According to one embodiment of this application, the system further includes: a planned production power acquisition unit, which acquires the planned production power that the power generation device will produce during the planned time period, wherein: during the planned time period: the amount of hydrogen that the synthesis module will use to synthesize the fuel production of the planned time period is equal to the sum of the amount of hydrogen that the hydrogen production module will produce and the amount of hydrogen that the hydrogen storage module will provide, or the difference between the amount of hydrogen that the hydrogen storage module will store; and the amount of electricity that the synthesis module will use to synthesize the fuel production of the planned time period is equal to the sum of the planned production power minus the amount of electricity that the hydrogen production module will use to produce hydrogen and the amount of electricity that the electricity storage module will provide, or the difference between the amount of electricity that the electricity storage module will store.

[0020] In this way, by binding the physical conservation relationship between "fuel production" and "electricity supply" and "hydrogen supply", this application constructs a dual dynamic balance equation for electrical energy and material flow within the planned time period, ensuring that the production target of the synthesis module is not only achievable, but also fully matches the wind and solar power output forecast, energy storage status and hydrogen production capacity.

[0021] According to one embodiment of this application, the planned time period fuel production determination unit is configured to, for the planned time period: when, during each of the plurality of time periods, the predicted power production is zero, and the hydrogen storage module will continuously supply hydrogen to the synthesis module such that the amount of hydrogen stored at the end of the plurality of time periods is lower than a preset low threshold, determine the planned time period fuel production as the minimum production of the synthesis module, wherein the preset low threshold refers to the minimum amount of hydrogen that the hydrogen storage module can safely store, and the minimum production refers to the production of fuel synthesized during the planned time period using the minimum power required for the synthesis module to operate continuously during the fuel synthesis process.

[0022] In this way, when the system predicts that there will be no wind and solar power supply for several future periods and that the hydrogen storage will fall below the safety threshold due to continuous hydrogen supply, this application automatically forces the planned output of the synthesis module to be reduced to the minimum continuous operating output in order to reserve the necessary hydrogen inventory and prevent equipment shutdown, catalyst damage or production interruption caused by hydrogen shortage, thereby ensuring the long-term safety and continuous operation of the system under energy uncertainty.

[0023] According to one embodiment of this application, the fuel production determination unit for the planned time period is configured to, for the planned time period: when, in each of the plurality of time periods, the predicted power production is greater than or equal to the power consumed by the hydrogen production module using the maximum hydrogen production power for safe hydrogen production, and the hydrogen storage module continuously obtains hydrogen from the hydrogen production module such that the amount of hydrogen stored at the end of the plurality of time periods exceeds a preset high threshold, the fuel production for the planned time period is determined as the maximum production of the synthesis module, wherein the preset high threshold refers to the maximum amount of hydrogen that the hydrogen storage module can safely store, and the maximum production refers to the production of fuel synthesized by the synthesis module using the maximum power capable of safely synthesizing fuel during the planned time period.

[0024] In this way, when the system predicts that wind and solar power will be sufficient to produce hydrogen at full capacity in multiple future periods, and the hydrogen storage module has sufficient capacity to absorb excess hydrogen, this application will proactively increase the planned output of the synthesis module to its safe operating limit, so as to maximize the utilization of curtailed wind and solar resources and absorb excess green hydrogen, thereby achieving efficient coordination and optimal economic efficiency of "producing to the fullest extent and storing in moderation" during the high energy production period.

[0025] According to one embodiment of this application, the planned time period fuel production determination unit is configured to, for the planned time period: when, in each of the plurality of time periods, the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage module is greater than a preset low threshold and less than a preset high threshold, and the predicted power production capacity is greater than zero and less than the maximum hydrogen production power used by the hydrogen production module for safe hydrogen production, the planned time period fuel production of the synthesis module for the planned time period is determined as the rated production of the synthesis module. The preset low threshold refers to the minimum amount of hydrogen that the hydrogen storage module can safely store, the preset high threshold refers to the maximum amount of hydrogen that the hydrogen storage module can safely store, and the rated production refers to the production of fuel synthesized by the synthesis module using the highest power for fuel synthesis efficiency during the planned time period.

[0026] In this way, when wind and solar power are adequately available and hydrogen storage is within a safe redundancy range, this application automatically sets the output of the synthesis module to the rated output, enabling the system to operate with the highest energy efficiency and lowest unit carbon cost while ensuring safety, thereby maximizing the economic efficiency of green fuel production under the ideal operating conditions of "no power shortage and no hydrogen oversupply".

[0027] According to one embodiment of this application, the sub-time period fuel production determination unit is configured to evenly distribute the planned time period fuel production of synthesized fuel to each of the plurality of sub-time periods in the planned time period, with each sub-time period being the sub-time period fuel production of synthesized fuel, and the sum of the sub-time period fuel production is the planned time period fuel production.

[0028] In this way, this application forms a stable and continuous sub-time period production instruction by evenly distributing the total fuel production of the planned time period to multiple sub-time periods within it. This effectively avoids frequent start-ups and shutdowns, catalyst deactivation, or equipment stress damage caused by drastic power fluctuations in the synthesis module, thereby achieving stable, continuous, and long-term safe operation of green fuel production under the background of intermittent wind and solar power input.

[0029] According to one embodiment of this application, the sub-time period module determining unit is configured to: acquire the sub-time period power production capacity of the current sub-time period and the sub-time period power production capacity of the previous adjacent sub-time period; determine the power difference between the sub-time period power production capacity of the current sub-time period and the sub-time period power production capacity of the previous adjacent sub-time period; and determine, based on the power difference, the amount of electricity that the hydrogen production module will use to produce hydrogen or the amount of electricity that the energy storage module will provide in the current sub-time period.

[0030] In this way, this application dynamically calculates and allocates the incremental power demand of the hydrogen production module or the charging and discharging power of the energy storage module by comparing the predicted power generation difference between adjacent sub-time periods. This enables millisecond-level adaptive adjustment of power flow between "hydrogen production and energy storage" under wind and solar fluctuations, ensuring that the energy supply of each sub-time period accurately matches the stable operation requirements of the synthesis module, thereby maintaining the real-time dynamic balance of the entire power-hydrogen-production chain under high-frequency scheduling.

[0031] According to one embodiment of this application, the sub-time period module determining unit is further configured to: when the power difference indicates that the power production capacity of the sub-time period of the current sub-time period is greater than the power production capacity of the previous adjacent sub-time period: obtain the maximum hydrogen production power consumption used by the hydrogen production module for safe hydrogen production; obtain the hydrogen production power consumption of the hydrogen production module in the previous adjacent sub-time period of the current sub-time period; determine load increase potential data indicating the amount of additional power that the hydrogen production module can use, wherein the load increase potential data is the difference between the maximum hydrogen production power consumption used by the hydrogen production module for safe hydrogen production and the hydrogen production power consumption in the previous adjacent sub-time period; compare the load increase potential data with the power difference and generate a comparison result; adjust the hydrogen production power consumption according to the comparison result and determine the adjusted hydrogen production power consumption as the amount of power that the hydrogen production module will use to produce hydrogen in the current sub-time period.

[0032] In this way, when an increase in electricity is predicted, this application intelligently decides whether and how to increase the hydrogen production capacity by comparing the "load increase potential" of the hydrogen production module with the actual increase in electricity. Under the premise of not exceeding the safety limit, it maximizes the absorption of excess wind and solar power, achieves a precise match of "how much electricity increases and how much more hydrogen is produced", avoids power curtailment and improves the green hydrogen conversion efficiency.

[0033] According to one embodiment of this application, the sub-time period module determining unit is further configured to: when the comparison result indicates that the load increase potential data is greater than or equal to the power difference, set the adjusted hydrogen production power consumption to the sum of the hydrogen production power consumption and the power difference; and when the comparison result indicates that the load increase potential data is less than the power difference, set the adjusted hydrogen production power consumption to the sum of the hydrogen production power consumption and the load increase potential data.

[0034] In this way, this application uses a "potential-difference" two-factor decision-making mechanism to achieve "full absorption and full ramp-up" of hydrogen production power to wind and solar power increments within the safety limit, enabling the hydrogen production unit to transform from a passive load to an active consumption unit.

[0035] According to one embodiment of this application, the sub-time period module determining unit is further configured to determine the amount of electricity that the energy storage module will store in the sub-time period based on the comparison result, wherein: when the comparison result indicates that the load potential data is less than the power difference, the amount of electricity that the energy storage module will store in the sub-time period is set as the amount that the energy storage module can still store in the difference between the power difference and the load potential data.

[0036] In this way, when the hydrogen production module's load increase potential is insufficient to absorb all the power increment, the remaining power difference is stored according to the actual remaining rechargeable capacity of the energy storage module. The charging amount of the energy storage module is determined directly based on the smaller value between the "difference between the power difference and the load increase potential data" and the remaining storage capacity of the energy storage module.

[0037] According to one embodiment of this application, the sub-time period module determining unit is further configured to: when the power difference indicates that the power generated in the sub-time period of the current sub-time period is less than the power generated in the previous adjacent sub-time period: obtain the power stored in the energy storage module at the beginning of the current sub-time period, compare the stored power with the power difference and generate a comparison result; when the comparison result indicates that the stored power is greater than or equal to the power difference, set the amount of power provided by the energy storage module in the current sub-time period to the power difference; and when the comparison result indicates that the stored power is less than the power difference, set the amount of power provided by the energy storage module in the current sub-time period to the stored power.

[0038] In this way, when the hydrogen production module has reached its maximum load capacity, the unabsorbed power increment is automatically stored in a safe and limited manner according to the remaining chargeable capacity of the energy storage module, realizing a two-level energy consumption mechanism of "hydrogen production first, energy storage as a backup", ensuring that every kilowatt-hour of surplus wind and solar power is efficiently converted into hydrogen or adjustable energy storage.

[0039] According to one embodiment of this application, the sub-time period module determining unit is further configured to determine, based on the comparison result, an adjusted hydrogen production power consumption as the amount of electricity that the hydrogen production module will use to produce hydrogen in the sub-time period, wherein: when the comparison result indicates that the stored power is less than the power difference, the hydrogen production power consumption of the hydrogen production module in the previous adjacent sub-time period of the sub-time period is obtained, and the adjusted hydrogen production power consumption is determined to be the amount by which the hydrogen production power consumption is reduced by the difference between the power difference and the stored power.

[0040] In this way, when the available discharge capacity of the energy storage module is insufficient to fill the power gap caused by the decline in wind and solar power generation, this application intelligently calculates and actively reduces the power consumption of the hydrogen production module. The reduction amount is equal to the difference between the gap and the available power of the energy storage, thereby actively reducing the load before the energy storage resources are exhausted, and avoiding the system from experiencing a chain shutdown or equipment protection action due to severe power imbalance.

[0041] According to one embodiment of this application, the sub-time period module determining unit is further configured to determine the amount of hydrogen that the hydrogen storage module will store or the amount of hydrogen that the hydrogen storage module will supply in the sub-time period based on the amount of electricity that the hydrogen production module will use to produce hydrogen in the sub-time period. This includes: obtaining the amount of hydrogen used in the sub-time period; obtaining the amount of hydrogen that the hydrogen production module will produce using the adjusted hydrogen production electricity consumption in the sub-time period; and comparing the amount of hydrogen that the hydrogen production module will produce using the adjusted hydrogen production electricity consumption with the amount of hydrogen used in the sub-time period. When the hydrogen production module produces more hydrogen using the adjusted hydrogen production power than the hydrogen consumption in that sub-period, the hydrogen storage module will set the amount of hydrogen stored in that sub-period to be equal to the difference between the amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module and the hydrogen consumption in that sub-period. Alternatively, when the hydrogen production module produces less hydrogen using the adjusted hydrogen production power than the hydrogen consumption in that sub-period, the hydrogen storage module will set the amount of hydrogen supplied in that sub-period to be equal to the difference between the amount of hydrogen consumed in that sub-period and the amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module.

[0042] In this way, this application automatically determines whether the hydrogen storage module should "store hydrogen" or "supply hydrogen" by comparing the real-time hydrogen production of the hydrogen production module with the downstream hydrogen demand. When there is an overproduction of hydrogen, it absorbs the excess hydrogen and releases the stored hydrogen when there is an underproduction of hydrogen, thereby achieving a millisecond-level dynamic balance of hydrogen flow and ensuring that the synthesis unit (such as the methanol unit) always has a stable, continuous and unfluctuating hydrogen supply.

[0043] According to one embodiment of this application, it further includes: a module controller, which acquires the amount of electricity stored or provided by the energy storage module, the amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module, and the amount of hydrogen stored or provided by the hydrogen storage module in each sub-time period set by the sub-time period module determination unit, so as to control the operation of the energy storage module, the hydrogen production module, and the hydrogen storage module in the sub-time period; and a data acquisition module, which acquires the actual amount of electricity stored or provided by the energy storage module, the actual amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module, and the amount of hydrogen actually provided by the hydrogen production module during the operation of the energy storage module, the hydrogen production module, and the hydrogen storage module. The amount of gas and the actual amount of hydrogen stored or supplied by the hydrogen storage module; and the coordination controller, to obtain the deviation between the actual amount of electricity stored or supplied by the energy storage module, the actual amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module, and the actual amount of hydrogen stored or supplied by the hydrogen storage module and the amount of electricity stored or supplied by the energy storage module, the amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module, and the amount of hydrogen stored or supplied by the hydrogen storage module set by the sub-time period module determination unit, and further control the energy storage module, the hydrogen production module, and the hydrogen storage module to minimize the deviation.

[0044] In this way, this application uses a module controller to issue commands and collect real-time status data for the three core units of energy storage, hydrogen production, and hydrogen storage. The coordinating controller performs dynamic closed-loop correction based on the deviation between the set value and the actual operating value, forming a four-layer closed-loop control loop of "planning-execution-sensing-optimization". This enables the system to automatically achieve millisecond-level precise tracking of the electricity-hydrogen flow and optimal collaborative operation of multiple modules in complex and ever-changing wind and solar fluctuation environments.

[0045] According to another aspect of this application, a method for synthesizing fuels is provided, the method comprising: obtaining the sub-time period power to be generated by a power generation device in each of a plurality of sub-time periods; and determining the amount of hydrogen to be produced by a hydrogen production module in a sub-time period based on the difference between the sub-time period power generated in one of the plurality of sub-time periods and the sub-time period power generated in the preceding adjacent sub-time period of the one sub-time period.

[0046] In this way, the technical solution obtains the power generation difference of the power generation device in adjacent sub-time periods and dynamically determines the hydrogen production amount of the hydrogen production module in the current sub-time period based on the difference. This enables direct response and adaptive adjustment of hydrogen production power to instantaneous fluctuations in wind and solar power. Based on the local power change trend, it performs localized and real-time hydrogen production control, thereby achieving high-precision synchronization between the hydrogen production process and the fluctuations in renewable energy output. This significantly improves the hydrogen supply's ability to follow power fluctuations and the dynamic stability of system operation.

[0047] According to one embodiment of this application, the method further includes: obtaining the planned fuel production of the synthesis module in a future planned time period; and determining the sub-time period fuel consumption of the synthesis module in each of the plurality of sub-time periods based on the planned fuel production of the synthesis module in the future planned time period, wherein the plurality of sub-time periods are divided from the planned time period, and the sum of the time lengths of the plurality of sub-time periods is equal to the time length of the planned time period.

[0048] In this way, the technical solution obtains the total fuel production of the synthesis module within the planned time period and distributes it evenly to multiple equally long sub-time periods divided from the planned time period. This determines the precise electricity consumption required for fuel synthesis in each sub-time period, thus decomposing long-term production targets into executable, time-equally distributed short-term power demand instructions. This ensures the load stability and predictability of power demand in the fuel synthesis process over time, providing a stable and consistent benchmark input for the subsequent dynamic coordinated control of electricity and hydrogen.

[0049] According to one embodiment of this application, the method further includes: determining the fuel production of the synthesis module in each sub-time period based on the planned fuel production for the time period; and determining the fuel consumption of the sub-time period based on the fuel production for the sub-time period.

[0050] In this way, the technical solution calculates the fuel output for each sub-time period based on the total output of the planned time period. Then, the fuel and electricity consumption determination unit for each sub-time period derives the corresponding electricity consumption based on the fuel output of that sub-time period. This achieves a step-by-step and precise mapping from macro-production planning to micro-electricity demand, ensuring that the power consumption of the synthesis module in each sub-time period strictly corresponds to its fuel output target. This establishes a deterministic and calculable mapping relationship between fuel output and electricity consumption, providing a reliable basis for the subsequent precise allocation of power resources.

[0051] According to one embodiment of this application, the method further includes: determining the planned time period fuel consumption power to be used by the synthesis module during the planned time period based on the planned time period fuel production; and determining the sub-time period fuel consumption power based on the planned time period fuel consumption power.

[0052] In this way, the technical solution first calculates the total electricity consumption of the synthesis module within the entire planned time period through the sub-time period fuel production electricity consumption determination unit, and then distributes the total electricity consumption equally or proportionally to each sub-time period to determine the fuel production electricity consumption of each sub-time period. This realizes the unified derivation and balanced allocation from global electricity demand to subdivided time period electricity targets, ensuring that the electricity consumption of sub-time periods is strictly consistent with the planned total electricity consumption, and improving the systematicness and consistency of electricity demand allocation.

[0053] According to one embodiment of this application, the method further includes: determining the amount of electricity used by the hydrogen production module to produce hydrogen in the sub-time period based on the amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module in the sub-time period; and determining the amount of electricity that the energy storage module will store or provide in the sub-time period based on the difference between the sum of the hydrogen production electricity and the fuel production electricity in the sub-time period and the amount of electricity produced in the sub-time period of the sub-time period.

[0054] In this way, the technical solution calculates the corresponding electricity consumption for hydrogen production based on the hydrogen production volume of the hydrogen production module in a single sub-time period, and adds the electricity consumption for hydrogen production to the electricity consumption for fuel production of the synthesis module in the same sub-time period to form the total electricity demand for that sub-time period. This achieves accurate superposition of the electricity consumption of the two major power-consuming links of hydrogen production and fuel synthesis, ensuring that the system can fully identify the total electricity demand in each sub-time period, and providing a benchmark for subsequent power dispatch and energy storage regulation.

[0055] According to one embodiment of this application, the method further includes: determining the amount of hydrogen to be used by the synthesis module in each sub-time period based on the fuel production of the sub-time period; and determining the amount of hydrogen to be stored or supplied by the hydrogen storage module in a sub-time period based on the difference between the amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module in a sub-time period and the amount of hydrogen used in the sub-time period.

[0056] In this way, the technical solution calculates the hydrogen demand of the synthesis module based on the fuel production of the sub-period hydrogen consumption determination unit, and directly determines the amount of hydrogen that the hydrogen storage module needs to store or release during the sub-period based on the difference between the actual hydrogen production of the hydrogen production module and the hydrogen consumption. This achieves real-time quantification of the hydrogen supply and demand difference and precise triggering of the hydrogen storage module's actions, thereby establishing a direct dynamic balance relationship between hydrogen production, hydrogen consumption, and hydrogen storage, ensuring the continuity of hydrogen supply and the responsiveness of the hydrogen storage system.

[0057] According to one embodiment of this application, the method further includes: obtaining the predicted power generation capacity of the power generation device for each of a plurality of time periods of equal length to the planned time period following the planned time period; obtaining the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage module at the beginning of the planned time period, determining the hydrogen consumption rate based on the hydrogen consumption of the sub-time period, determining the hydrogen consumption of the plurality of time periods based on the hydrogen consumption rate and the duration of the plurality of time periods, and determining the hydrogen storage capacity at the end of the plurality of time periods based on the hydrogen storage capacity at the beginning of the planned time period and the hydrogen consumption of the plurality of time periods; and determining the planned time period fuel output of the synthesis module to synthesize fuel within the planned time period based on the predicted power generation capacity and the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage module at the end of the plurality of time periods.

[0058] In this way, this application forward-lookingly predicts the wind and solar power generation capacity for multiple future periods, and combines the remaining hydrogen quantity of the hydrogen storage module at the end of the prediction period as a key constraint to dynamically calculate and optimize the fuel production target for the current planned period. This ensures that the production plan can be adjusted in advance before the risk of a "powerless future" or "hydrogen resource depletion" occurs, so as to achieve safe, continuous and optimal carbon footprint operation of the system under energy uncertainty.

[0059] In the embodiments of this application, a technical solution is provided to construct a three-level architecture of "digital scheduling layer - coordination control layer - module execution layer", which combines medium and long-term production planning with short-term dynamic adjustment strategies. This solution aims to solve the technical problems of local consumption of renewable energy power and precise matching of energy and materials in complex energy systems in the prior art, thereby achieving the technical effect of optimizing energy structure, improving flexibility and adaptability, and enabling the efficient and stable production of green fuel from renewable energy. Attached Figure Description

[0060] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a synthetic fuel system according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for synthesizing fuels according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the determination of predicted green fuel production in a medium- to long-term scheduling plan according to embodiments of this application; and Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the determination of device operating parameters using a short-term scheduling strategy according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0061] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings to facilitate implementation by those skilled in the art. However, the present application may be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments described herein. In the drawings, portions unrelated to the description of the present application will be omitted for clarity. Similar reference numerals refer to similar elements throughout the description. Furthermore, while elements are represented by the same numerals in the description provided with reference to the accompanying drawings, the reference numerals relating to the elements may be varied, and the reference numerals are described only for convenience of description and should not be construed as limiting the concept, features, function, or effect of the elements to the reference numerals.

[0062] Existing technologies generally face challenges in controlling highly complex, multi-energy coupled systems such as wind / solar-hydrogen-green fuels, including energy and material balance problems, insufficient flexibility, lack of intelligent scheduling, inadequate data integration and analysis capabilities, and safety and compliance challenges. These deficiencies limit the improvement of the overall system's operating efficiency, economic performance, and environmental performance, making it difficult to effectively address the contradiction between the intermittency of renewable energy and the continuous stability of chemical synthesis. At the same time, there are significant shortcomings in equipment operation regulation and carbon emission data management, which reduces the system's market competitiveness.

[0063] To address these shortcomings, this application proposes an innovative system and scheduling strategy. Based on predicted power generation data and combined with medium- to long-term and short-term scheduling strategies, it controls the operation of equipment in the synthetic fuel system, achieving precise matching of energy and materials, optimizing equipment health management, strengthening product carbon footprint accounting, and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the system. This improvement not only enhances the system's efficiency in utilizing renewable energy, reduces operating costs, and strengthens the refined management of carbon emissions, but also improves the system's flexibility and responsiveness in the face of complex operating conditions and market changes. It provides strong technical support for promoting the commercial application of "renewable energy-hydrogen-green fuel" systems and energy transition, demonstrating the possibility of achieving optimized operation and sustainable development of green energy systems through technological innovation.

[0064] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a synthetic fuel system according to an embodiment of this application.

[0065] like Figure 1 As shown, the synthetic fuel system 11 includes a power generation unit 111 that generates electricity using renewable energy 12, an energy storage module 112 that stores the electricity generated by the power generation unit, a hydrogen production module 113 that produces hydrogen using electricity from the power generation unit and / or from the energy storage module, a hydrogen storage module 114 that stores hydrogen, and a synthesis module 115 that synthesizes fuel 13 using electricity from the power generation unit and / or from the energy storage module, and using hydrogen from the hydrogen production module and / or from the hydrogen storage module.

[0066] Renewable energy sources 12 primarily include wind and solar energy (i.e., solar energy). Specifically, wind energy is converted into electricity by wind turbines in wind power generation systems, while solar energy is converted into electricity using solar panels in photovoltaic power plants. These two clean energy sources are the main sources of electricity supply in green fuel systems due to their abundant resources, environmental friendliness, and renewability.

[0067] Besides wind and solar energy, renewable energy 12 also encompasses various forms such as hydropower, biomass energy, geothermal energy, and ocean energy. Hydropower in non-arid regions can generate clean electricity by constructing hydroelectric power plants and using water flow to drive generators. Biomass energy involves the conversion of agricultural waste, forestry residues, and organic waste into biogas or bio-oil through methods such as anaerobic digestion and bio-fermentation, which can then be used to generate electricity or heat. Geothermal energy utilizes the Earth's internal heat, converting heat from groundwater or rock formations into electricity through geothermal power plants. Ocean energy includes tidal energy, wave energy, and ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), capturing ocean energy and converting it into electricity through specific devices such as tidal turbines, wave converters, or OTEC technology.

[0068] Renewable energy sources12 (such as wind, solar, and hydropower) possess significant environmental friendliness and resource renewability; however, their power generation capacity is strongly influenced by natural conditions, exhibiting high intermittency and instability. Taking wind power as an example, fluctuations in wind speed directly determine the output power of wind turbines, while solar power generation is constrained by weather conditions and sunshine duration. This dependent characteristic makes the power output of renewable energy sources unpredictable and unstable. Although hydropower is relatively stable under certain conditions, its power generation is also affected by seasonal variations in water volume. These characteristics make the matching of renewable energy power with hydrogen production and green fuel synthesis a key challenge in synthetic fuel systems.

[0069] In the synthetic fuel system 11, the power generation unit 111 first uses equipment such as wind turbines or solar photovoltaic panels to convert fluctuating wind and solar energy, i.e., renewable energy 12, into electricity output. At this stage, the power generation unit is equipped with advanced forecasting technology and dynamic response mechanisms to adapt to the intermittency and volatility of renewable energy, ensuring power supply.

[0070] For example, the so-called forecasting technology refers to predicting the power generation capacity of power generation devices such as wind farms and photovoltaic power plants in the future, for example, every hour or every 10 minutes, based on meteorological forecast data (such as wind speed, irradiance, cloud cover, temperature, etc.) and historical power generation records. Specifically, the forecast results can be generated in real time by a power forecasting system deployed in the cloud or locally, and pushed periodically in the form of data packets via communication protocols to the planned production power acquisition unit and the predicted production power acquisition unit in the synthetic fuel system of this application, which will be described later, as the core input basis for formulating fuel production plans and sub-time period scheduling strategies, thereby achieving dynamic matching between wind and solar volatility and synthetic process stability.

[0071] Subsequently, the electricity is stored in the energy storage module 112, typically using technologies such as lithium batteries or pumped hydro storage. The aim is to balance the instability of renewable energy sources and provide a reliable power foundation for subsequent processes. Moving to the hydrogen energy stage, the hydrogen production module 113 receives the electricity converted by the power generation unit 111 and uses water electrolysis technology to decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen. The generated hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage module 114, which usually involves high-pressure gaseous hydrogen or liquid hydrogen storage methods to facilitate the regulation of hydrogen supply and demand. Finally, hydrogen, as an important raw material for the synthesis module 115, is combined with carbon sources such as carbon dioxide to produce green fuel 13 through chemical reactions under the action of a catalyst, such as green methanol, green ammonia, or sustainable aviation fuel (e-SAF), and is not limited to these.

[0072] In the synthetic fuel system 11, there is also a digital model that closely maps and interacts with the physical equipment of the power generation unit, energy storage module, hydrogen production module, hydrogen storage module, and synthesis module. The physical equipment is deployed in the actual production site; for example, wind turbines are distributed in the power generation site, photovoltaic panels are installed in the photovoltaic power station, energy storage modules (such as lithium-ion battery packs) are configured in the energy storage area, hydrogen production and storage modules are located in the water electrolysis and hydrogen processing areas, and the green fuel synthesis module is located in the chemical synthesis workshop. These physical devices form the physical basis for the system's operation, performing the actual operations of energy conversion, storage, production, and transmission.

[0073] Digital models are deployed in the system's computing environment, such as cloud platforms or local servers, and reside within the system and coordination controller. They are abstractions and simulations of the operating characteristics of physical equipment, describing the equipment's performance parameters, operating modes, and physical constraints through mathematical formulas and algorithms. Examples include the energy charging and discharging characteristics of energy storage modules, the power consumption and hydrogen production efficiency of hydrogen production modules, and the hydrogen consumption and green fuel production rate of synthesis modules. These digital models not only include the static attributes of the equipment but also consider dynamic operating conditions, such as energy balance and material balance, as well as the interactive effects with external conditions (such as weather and market conditions).

[0074] The relationship between physical equipment and the digital model lies in the fact that the digital model, acting as a "digital twin" of the physical equipment, collects real-time operational data, including electricity output, hydrogen flow, and storage status, to update model parameters and ensure that the model accurately reflects the equipment's true condition. Simultaneously, the model utilizes predictive algorithms, such as weather forecasts and electricity demand projections, to generate future scheduling strategies. These strategies guide the operation of the physical equipment; for example, adjusting the charging and discharging schedules of energy storage modules based on predicted electricity surpluses or shortages, or optimizing the operating load of hydrogen production modules based on hydrogen demand forecasts. The physical equipment executes these scheduling strategies based on control commands received from the coordinating controller, achieving optimal allocation and use of energy and materials to ensure the stable, efficient, and economical operation of the green fuel system. This two-way interaction mechanism between the digital model and the physical equipment enables the system to dynamically adjust scheduling strategies based on real-time data and predictive information, improving system responsiveness and adaptability. This mechanism is particularly important when dealing with the volatility of renewable energy generation and the complexity of green fuel production processes.

[0075] like Figure 1 As shown, the digital models of the power generation device, energy storage module, hydrogen production module, hydrogen storage module, and synthesis module in this application are as follows: Power generation device 111: The power generation capacity of the power generation device is Pwt(t). In this application, the power can be converted into power generation and power consumption over a period of time. The technical solution of this application can be implemented using either power or power generation and power consumption over a period of time. At the beginning of each scheduling cycle, power generation prediction data Pwt(t1, t2…tn) is received from the power prediction module of the power generation device. The power generation device can predict power generation per hour and every 10 minutes, for example, by integrating a high-resolution meteorological monitoring system (such as wind speed, irradiance, cloud dynamics) with an artificial intelligence-driven numerical weather prediction model, combined with historical operating data and equipment characteristic modeling, to achieve short-term rolling predictions of the output of wind turbines and photovoltaic arrays. This minute-level, high-frequency power prediction capability enables the system to accurately capture the instantaneous fluctuation characteristics of renewable energy.

[0076] Energy storage module 112: Rated capacity is S, charging power is Pc(t), discharging power is Pd(t), and SOC(t) characterizes the battery's state of charge, which is the ratio of the battery's remaining capacity to its rated capacity. 0 ≤Pc(t) ≤Pc_max; 0 ≤Pd(t) ≤Pd_max; SOC(t) = SOC(t-1)+ (Pc(t)-Pd(t)) / S; SOC_min ≤SOC(t) ≤SOC_max.

[0077] Hydrogen production module 113: Commonly used water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment includes alkaline water electrolyzers (ALK) and proton exchange membrane electrolyzers (PEM). In this application, Pely(t) refers to the total electrical power consumed by all electrolyzer bodies, gas-liquid separation and purification frames, Q. H2 Pely(t) represents the total hydrogen production capacity of the hydrogen production modules, Pely_e represents the rated power of the hydrogen production modules, and Pely_max represents the maximum power of the hydrogen production modules. Wherein, 0 ≤ Pely(t) ≤ Pely_max.

[0078] The hydrogen production capacity of the hydrogen production module 113 is directly proportional to the load current. By testing the voltage value of the hydrogen production module and the power consumption of the gas-liquid separation and purification frame under different currents, the relationship between power consumption and hydrogen production flow rate is obtained as follows: Q H2 (t) = f(Pely(t)); Pely(t) = g(Q H2 (t)).

[0079] The electrolyzer of hydrogen production module 113 operates in three states: start-up, operation, and shutdown. In the shutdown state, Pely(t) = 0, Q H2 (t)=0. In the startup state, 0 < Pely(t1, t2……tm-1) < Pely_e, Q H2 (t1,t2......tm-1)=0, 0<Pely(tm)<Pely_e, Q H2 (tm) > 0. In the running state, 0 < Pely(t) ≤ Pely_max,Q H2 (t) > 0.

[0080] Hydrogen storage module 114: Qin(t) represents the hydrogen storage flow rate of the hydrogen storage module, and Qout(t) represents the hydrogen release flow rate of the hydrogen storage module. Qs(t) is the hydrogen storage capacity of the storage module. Wherein, Qs_min ≤ Qs(t) ≤ Qs_max; Qs(t) = Qs(t-1) + Qin(t) – Qout(t).

[0081] Synthesis Module 115: P MeOH M represents the total power consumption of all equipment in the synthesis unit. MeOH For green fuel mass flow rate, M MeOH_e For the rated green fuel mass flow rate, M MeOH_min For the minimum green fuel mass flow rate, M MeOH_max Maximum green fuel mass flow rate. When synthesis module 115 is during a planned maintenance period: M MeOH (t) = 0; P MeOH =0. When synthesis module 115 is in an unplanned maintenance period: MMeOH_min ≤M MeOH (t) ≤M MeOH_max ;P MeOH_min ≤P MeOH (t) ≤ P MeOH_max Among them, Q H2_MeOH Q is the volumetric flow rate of hydrogen consumed in the synthesis of green fuels. H2_MeOH = M MeOH Y_ H2 Q CO2_MeOH Q is the volumetric flow rate of carbon dioxide consumed in the synthesis of green fuels. CO2_MeOH = M MeOH Y_ CO2 Among them, Y_ H2 Y_ is the unit of green fuel hydrogen consumption. CO2 Carbon consumption per unit of green fuel.

[0082] In this application, as Figure 1 As shown, the key equipment in the synthetic fuel system 11, such as the energy storage module 112, hydrogen production module 113, and hydrogen storage module 114, operate within the predicted period, thereby achieving optimal energy and material flow management for the entire system and ensuring a dynamic balance between the supply and demand of electricity and hydrogen. In other words, the system can rationally arrange the charging and discharging operations of the energy storage module 112, the hydrogen production of the hydrogen production module 113, and the hydrogen storage and release of the hydrogen storage module 114 based on the predicted power output of the power generation unit 111, thereby effectively addressing the intermittency and volatility of renewable energy generation 12 and ensuring stable system operation under different weather conditions and power demands.

[0083] exist Figure 1 The system also includes: a fuel production acquisition unit 101 for a planned time period, a fuel production determination unit 102 for a sub-time period, a fuel production electricity consumption determination unit 104 for a sub-time period, a hydrogen consumption determination unit 105 for a sub-time period, a production electricity acquisition unit 103 for a sub-time period, and a module determination unit 106 for a sub-time period.

[0084] The planned time period fuel production acquisition unit 101 acquires the planned time period fuel production of the synthesis module within the planned time period. The sub-time period fuel production determination unit 102 determines the sub-time period fuel production of the synthesis module in each of multiple sub-time periods based on the planned time period fuel production, wherein the multiple sub-time periods are derived from the planned time period. The sub-time period fuel consumption determination unit 104 determines the sub-time period fuel consumption of the synthesis module in each sub-time period based on the sub-time period fuel production. The multiple sub-time periods are derived from the planned time period, and the sum of the lengths of the multiple sub-time periods equals the length of the planned time period. For example, a planned time period of one hour is divided into six sub-time periods of 10 minutes each. The sub-time period hydrogen consumption determination unit 105 determines the sub-time period hydrogen consumption of the synthesis module in each sub-time period based on the sub-time period fuel production. In an exemplary embodiment, the sub-time period hydrogen consumption determination unit 105 multiplies the fuel production of each sub-time period by a fixed hydrogen consumption coefficient per unit product (e.g., Nm³ / t) to directly calculate the hydrogen consumption required by the synthesis module in that sub-time period. The hydrogen consumption coefficient is derived from theoretical chemical equations and industrial measured data of reactions such as methanol synthesis. For example, it can reflect the volume or mass of hydrogen required to produce one ton of fuel, and has stability and repeatability. The sub-time period power generation acquisition unit 103 acquires the sub-time period power that the power generation device will produce in each sub-time period. The sub-time period module determination unit 106 is configured to: determine the amount of hydrogen that the hydrogen production module will produce based on the difference between the sub-time period power generation of the target sub-time period and the sub-time period power generation of the preceding adjacent sub-time period; determine the hydrogen production power consumption of the hydrogen production module in the sub-time period based on the amount of hydrogen that the hydrogen production module will produce; and determine the amount of electricity that the energy storage module will store or provide based on the difference between the sum of the hydrogen production power consumption and the fuel production power consumption of the sub-time period and the electricity production of the sub-time period.

[0085] This technical solution first obtains the target fuel production for a medium-to-long-term operating cycle (e.g., 1 hour) through the planned time period fuel production acquisition unit 101. In an exemplary embodiment, this production is generated based on comprehensive decisions such as grid dispatch instructions, carbon trading costs, and hydrogen storage inventory warnings, constituting the top-level target for system operation. Subsequently, the sub-time period fuel production determination unit 102 evenly decomposes this total amount into multiple high-frequency sub-time periods (e.g., one every 10 minutes) of constant production targets, forming a production instruction of "fixed total amount and uniform rhythm," fundamentally avoiding the risk of equipment damage and reaction instability caused by drastic power fluctuations in the synthesis module. On this basis, the sub-time period fuel power consumption determination unit 104 and the sub-time period hydrogen consumption determination unit 105 calculate the precise power and hydrogen consumption required by the synthesis module in each sub-time period based on the fixed stoichiometric ratio of the synthesis process (e.g., X m³ hydrogen and Y MWh of electricity required per ton of fuel), establishing a rigid demand benchmark for subsequent energy flow allocation, enabling the entire system to achieve a precise and calculable physical mapping from "target production" to "unit demand."

[0086] Next, the sub-time period power generation acquisition unit 103 accesses the high-precision wind and solar power prediction data for each sub-time period to obtain the actual renewable energy power generation output for each sub-time period. Based on this, the sub-time period module determination unit 106 no longer passively responds to power fluctuations but actively constructs a "power-hydrogen-production" coordinated control mechanism: it compares the power generation of a sub-time period with the power generation of the previous adjacent sub-time period to determine whether the power is rising or falling, and prioritizes using this difference to drive the power ramp-up or load reduction of the hydrogen production module—that is, when power increases, it prioritizes increasing hydrogen production power consumption to absorb surplus green electricity, with the increment limited by the "maximum safe load ramp-up potential" of the hydrogen production module. When power decreases, it prioritizes reducing hydrogen production power consumption to reduce the load. Once the hydrogen production power consumption is determined, the system calculates the difference between "hydrogen production power consumption + synthesis power consumption" and the real-time power generation, using this as a charging and discharging command for the energy storage module: if there is a power generation surplus, the energy storage module charges; if there is insufficient power generation, the energy storage module discharges to make up the difference. This mechanism achieves a closed-loop coupling from "production planning → hydrogen demand → power generation forecasting → dynamic adjustment", transforming the hydrogen production module from a passive load into an "active consumer" and the energy storage module into a "dynamic buffer", ultimately ensuring that the synthesis module can still achieve constant production, high energy efficiency and stable system operation under severe fluctuations in wind and solar power.

[0087] The sub-time period module determination unit 106 is also configured to determine the amount of hydrogen stored or supplied by the hydrogen storage module in a sub-time period based on the difference between the amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module and the amount of hydrogen consumed in that sub-time period. The sub-time period module determination unit 106 further dynamically determines the hydrogen charging and discharging behavior of the hydrogen storage module based on the difference between the amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module in that sub-time period and the amount of hydrogen consumed by the synthesis module during the same period: when the hydrogen production exceeds the hydrogen consumption, indicating that the hydrogen supply exceeds demand, the system automatically stores the difference as "surplus hydrogen" in the hydrogen storage module, achieving time-shifted buffering of hydrogen energy. Conversely, when the hydrogen production is lower than the hydrogen consumption, the system triggers the hydrogen storage module to release stored hydrogen to meet the immediate needs of the synthesis unit, ensuring that the downstream fuel synthesis process is not affected by upstream power fluctuations or hydrogen production response delays. This mechanism transforms the hydrogen storage module from a passive storage container into an "active energy regulator" by comparing the dynamic balance of "hydrogen production - hydrogen consumption" in real time. It smooths out the instantaneous fluctuations in hydrogen flow and ensures that the synthesis module always has a stable, continuous, and uninterrupted supply of hydrogen, thereby achieving system-level stable operation with "adjustable electrical fluctuations and rigid hydrogen demand".

[0088] exist Figure 1 The system also includes: a planned production power acquisition unit 107, a predicted production power acquisition unit 108, and a planned time period fuel production determination unit 109.

[0089] The predicted power generation acquisition unit 108 acquires the predicted power generation capacity of the power generation unit for each of a plurality of time periods of equal length to the planned time period following the planned time period. The planned power generation acquisition unit 107 acquires the planned power generation capacity that the power generation unit will produce during the planned time period. The system may also include a hydrogen storage acquisition unit to acquire the hydrogen storage capacity at the beginning of the planned time period, determine the hydrogen consumption rate based on the hydrogen consumption of the sub-time period, determine the hydrogen consumption of the plurality of time periods based on the hydrogen consumption rate and the duration of the plurality of time periods, and determine the hydrogen storage capacity at the end of the plurality of time periods based on the hydrogen storage capacity at the beginning of the planned time period and the hydrogen consumption of the plurality of time periods. The planned time period fuel production determination unit 109 determines the planned time period fuel production of the synthesis module during the planned time period based on the predicted power generation capacity and the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage module at the end of the plurality of time periods. The hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage module at the end of the plurality of time periods is calculated by subtracting the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage module at the end of the planned time period from the sum of the planned time period hydrogen consumption of the synthesis module over the plurality of time periods.

[0090] In this embodiment, the "hydrogen storage capacity at the start of the planned time period" can be directly collected by the hydrogen storage acquisition unit from the real-time sensors or status monitoring system of the hydrogen storage module at the start of the planned time period. This data originates from the physical state measurement of the hydrogen storage module at the start of the planned time period (such as pressure, temperature and volume conversion or liquid level sensing) and is transmitted to the control unit in real time via the system interface, serving as the initial reference value for subsequent calculation of hydrogen consumption and final hydrogen storage constraints for multiple future time periods. Alternatively, the "hydrogen storage capacity at the start of the planned time period" can be inferred based on the hydrogen storage capacity already collected from the sensors or status monitoring system of the hydrogen storage module before the start of the planned time period, and based on the rate at which the hydrogen storage module provides or stores hydrogen before the start of the planned time period. For example, the rate at which the hydrogen storage module has provided or stored hydrogen before the start of the planned time period can be measured (this can be calculated based on the hydrogen consumption rate of the synthesis module for fuel synthesis and the hydrogen production rate of the hydrogen production module, ensuring that the synthesis module can continuously obtain hydrogen for fuel synthesis), and this can be used to predict the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage module at any future point in time.

[0091] In this embodiment, the "planned power generation capacity to be produced during the planned time period" can be obtained by the planned power generation capacity acquisition unit from preset power generation plan data in the upstream meteorological forecasting system or the power grid dispatching platform. This data is based on at least one of historical meteorological trends, wind and solar power prediction models, and power grid constraints to make a planning estimate of the theoretical power generation capacity of power generation devices within the planned time period (e.g., the next hour) and sub-time periods (e.g., every 10 minutes within the next hour). For example, its generation process can be combined with weather forecast calculations and stably transmitted to the system according to the embodiment of this application via a communication interface, thereby providing a predictable power supply boundary for the global optimization of fuel production and ensuring that the formulation of planned production is based on an achievable power supply benchmark. Specifically, the wind and solar power prediction model is a mathematical model that estimates wind and solar power generation capacity over a future period based on meteorological data (e.g., wind speed, irradiance, temperature, cloud cover, etc.) and historical power generation curves through statistical analysis or machine learning algorithms. It provides dispatchable power prediction results for the energy system by identifying the correlation between weather changes and power generation output. Grid constraints refer to the operational limitations imposed on power transmission under the premise of safe and stable operation of the power system, such as transmission line capacity, voltage level range, and frequency stability. These conditions ensure that the integration of new energy power into the grid will not cause overload or collapse.

[0092] In this application's technical solution, the hydrogen storage acquisition unit accurately obtains the current hydrogen storage at the start of the planned time period by real-time acquisition of sensor data (such as pressure, temperature, volume, or mass flow integral) from the hydrogen storage module. This data is then combined with the hydrogen consumption rate per unit time of the synthesis module calculated by the sub-time period hydrogen consumption determination unit (i.e., hydrogen usage rate, unit: Nm³ / min), multiplied by the total duration of multiple subsequent consecutive time periods within the prediction period (e.g., the next 4 hours), to calculate the cumulative hydrogen consumption of the synthesis module during that period. The system subtracts this cumulative hydrogen consumption from the hydrogen storage at the start of the planned time period to obtain the theoretical remaining hydrogen storage at the end of the prediction period, thereby quantifying the future trend of hydrogen inventory evolution. This process enables the system to predict whether hydrogen storage may exceed safety boundaries before wind and solar forecasts are fully realized and equipment has not yet been activated, thus achieving proactive energy management that "drives decision-making through prediction and ensures stability through reserves," significantly improving the system's robustness and safety under uncertain environments.

[0093] In an exemplary implementation, the hydrogen storage capacity at the start of each planned time period can be a non-fixed value, but rather dynamically transferred from the hydrogen storage capacity at the end of the previous planned time period, forming a continuous, closed-loop, state-driven operational sequence. Specifically: at the start of the first planned time period (e.g., the first 1-hour period), the hydrogen storage capacity is initialized by the system, typically based on actual on-site measurements during operation or the stable inventory at the time of the previous cycle's shutdown, serving as the initial state for system startup. At the start of each subsequent planned time period (e.g., the 2nd, 3rd, 4th... hours), its hydrogen storage capacity is directly inherited from the calculated hydrogen storage capacity at the end of the previous planned time period—this value is calculated by the "hydrogen storage acquisition unit" at the end of the previous cycle based on "initial hydrogen storage capacity – total hydrogen consumption for this period + net hydrogen storage capacity for this period (from hydrogen production surplus)" and used as the input for the next cycle. This mechanism ensures that the hydrogen storage capacity is always a continuous reflection of the actual operating state, rather than a preset or assumed value. The system achieves seamless connection of hydrogen storage status on the time axis through a recursive mechanism of "using the result of the previous cycle as the initial condition of the next cycle". This ensures that safety logics such as "low hydrogen warning" and "high hydrogen avoidance" are always based on the latest and real inventory data, rather than theoretical models, thereby guaranteeing the physical accuracy, safety reliability and long-term operational consistency of scheduling decisions.

[0094] To achieve safe, efficient, and economical operation of renewable energy fuel production systems under uncertainties in wind and solar power output, this application constructs a dynamic production decision-making mechanism based on multi-timescale forecasting and safety boundary constraints. By forward-looking analysis of power generation forecasts and hydrogen storage status trends over multiple future periods, the system intelligently determines the optimal fuel production target for the current planned time period. When forecasted power is consistently zero and hydrogen storage is nearing its safety limit, the system automatically reduces production to the minimum continuous operating level to reserve critical hydrogen buffers. When forecasted power is consistently abundant and hydrogen storage is approaching its upper limit, the system proactively increases production to the maximum safe output, maximizing the utilization of abandoned power and excess green hydrogen. When wind and solar power are moderate and hydrogen storage is within a safe redundancy range, the system operates stably at the rated output with optimal energy efficiency of the synthesis module. This achieves a three-in-one intelligent scheduling strategy of "low hydrogen for safety, high hydrogen for utilization, and balanced efficiency improvement," fundamentally solving the core pain points of traditional systems such as "passive response, blind operation, resource waste, or risk accumulation." This provides a quantifiable, executable, and scalable decision-making paradigm for building a renewable energy-driven green fuel closed-loop production system.

[0095] Furthermore, this application also provides methods for synthesizing fuels. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the method for synthesizing fuel includes: Step S1, obtaining the planned time period fuel output for fuel synthesis within a future planned time period. Step S2, determining the sub-time period fuel output for fuel synthesis in each of a plurality of sub-time periods based on the planned time period fuel output, wherein the plurality of sub-time periods are derived from the planned time period. Step S3, determining the sub-time period fuel production electricity consumption to be used in each sub-time period based on the sub-time period fuel output. Step S4, determining the sub-time period hydrogen consumption to be used in each sub-time period based on the sub-time period fuel output. Step S5, obtaining the sub-time period power generation capacity to be generated by the power generation unit in each sub-time period. Step S6, determining the amount of hydrogen to be produced in a sub-time period based on the difference between the sub-time period power generation capacity of a sub-time period (target sub-time period) and the sub-time period power generation capacity of the preceding adjacent sub-time period, determining the hydrogen production electricity consumption in the sub-time period based on the amount of hydrogen to be produced, and determining the amount of electricity to be stored or provided in the sub-time period based on the difference between the sum of the hydrogen production electricity consumption and the sub-time period fuel production electricity consumption and the sub-time period power generation capacity.

[0096] According to an embodiment of this application, the method further includes, in step S6, determining the amount of hydrogen to be stored or supplied based on the difference between the amount of hydrogen produced and the amount of hydrogen used in the sub-time period. Based on predicted operating parameters, the synthetic fuel system maintains a balance between electricity supply and demand and a balance between hydrogen supply and demand.

[0097] Figure 3This is a flowchart illustrating the determination of predicted green fuel production in a medium- to long-term scheduling plan according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 An embodiment of wind power generation is shown. In step S7, medium- to long-term wind power generation forecast data is received. In this embodiment, "medium- to long-term" refers to a duration of several hours. In step S71, the fluctuation trend of wind power generation and the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage module are analyzed.

[0098] For example, the power generation acquisition unit 108 acquires the hourly predicted power generation of the power generation device 111 (such as a wind farm) for four consecutive 1-hour periods of equal length (i.e., 2:00–3:00, 3:00–4:00, 4:00–5:00, and 5:00–6:00) after the current planned time period (e.g., 1:00–2:00), which are 85 MW, 72 MW, 60 MW, and 55 MW, respectively.

[0099] In step S72, it is determined whether the hydrogen storage module will continue to supply hydrogen to the synthesis module such that the amount of hydrogen stored at the end of the multiple time periods is lower than a preset low threshold. In step S73, it is determined whether the predicted production power is zero.

[0100] For a given planned time period, if the predicted power production is zero during each of the multiple time periods, and the hydrogen storage module continuously supplies hydrogen to the synthesis module such that the hydrogen storage level at the end of the multiple time periods is lower than a preset low threshold, then in step S76, the fuel production for the planned time period is determined as the minimum production of the synthesis module. The preset low threshold refers to the minimum amount of hydrogen that the hydrogen storage module can safely store, and the minimum production refers to the production of fuel synthesized during the planned time period using the minimum power required for the synthesis module to operate continuously during the fuel synthesis process.

[0101] Specifically, for example, in one embodiment, the planned time period fuel production determination unit 109 is configured to monitor in real time the wind power forecast values ​​output by the predicted power generation acquisition unit 108 for four future 1-hour periods (2:00–3:00, 3:00–4:00, 4:00–5:00, 5:00–6:00) within the planned time period (e.g., 1:00–2:00). If the predicted power generation for all subsequent periods is zero (in other words, the wind speed is lower than the cut-in wind speed of the generator's turbine, causing the turbine to not work), and considering the current hydrogen storage module's inventory (e.g., 240,000 Nm³) and the total hydrogen consumption of the synthesis module in the subsequent four periods, which is the sum of the hydrogen consumption of the synthesis module from 1:00 to 2:00 and from 2:00 to 6:00 over a 4-hour period (e.g., 1,200 Nm³ / min), it is calculated that the hydrogen storage will drop to 180,000 Nm³ at the end of 5:00–6:00, which is lower than the system's preset safety low threshold (200,000 Nm³) – the minimum inventory level required to maintain the structural safety of the hydrogen storage tank and prevent hydrogen leakage, empty tank negative pressure, or material embrittlement. At this point, the fuel production determination unit 109 for the planned time period immediately triggers the "low hydrogen risk protection logic," forcibly reducing the production of the synthesis module in the current planned time period from the optimization target to its minimum production. That is, the synthesis module will continue to operate at the minimum stable operating power allowed (such as 20% of the rated power) for the entire 1 hour, producing only 4.2 tons of methanol (corresponding to a hydrogen consumption of approximately 9,000 Nm³). This ensures that the hydrogen storage module still retains at least 220,000 Nm³ of hydrogen at the end of the planned time period, thereby providing a buffer for subsequent periods without wind and solar power, and avoiding unplanned shutdowns of the synthesis unit, catalyst deactivation, or system cascading shutdowns due to the depletion of hydrogen storage.

[0102] In step S74, it is determined whether the predicted power generation is greater than or equal to the power consumed by the hydrogen production module when using the maximum safe hydrogen production power. In step S75, it is determined whether the hydrogen storage module continuously obtains hydrogen from the hydrogen production module such that the amount of hydrogen stored at the end of the multiple time periods exceeds a preset high threshold.

[0103] For the planned time period, if, in each of the multiple time periods, the predicted power production is greater than or equal to the power consumed by the hydrogen production module using the maximum safe hydrogen production power, and the hydrogen storage module continuously obtains hydrogen from the hydrogen production module such that the amount of hydrogen stored at the end of the multiple time periods exceeds a preset high threshold, then in step S78, the fuel production for the planned time period is determined as the maximum production of the synthesis module. Here, the preset high threshold refers to the maximum amount of hydrogen that the hydrogen storage module can safely store, and the maximum production refers to the production of fuel synthesized by the synthesis module using the maximum power capable of safely synthesizing fuel during the planned time period.

[0104] Specifically, for example, in one embodiment, the planned time period fuel production determination unit 109 is configured to receive wind power forecast data for four future 1-hour periods (2:00–3:00, 3:00–4:00, 4:00–5:00, 5:00–6:00) from the predicted power generation acquisition unit 108 within a planned time period (e.g., 1:00–2:00). If the predicted power generation for all subsequent periods is greater than or equal to the maximum safe production power of the hydrogen production module (e.g., 120 MW), and considering the difference between the current hydrogen storage module's stock (e.g., 450,000 Nm³) and the total hydrogen consumption of the synthesis module during the planned period of 4 hours from 2:00 to 6:00, it is calculated that the hydrogen storage will climb to 650,000 Nm³ at 6:00, exceeding the system's preset safety high threshold (600,000 Nm³) – this high threshold is the maximum safe filling capacity corresponding to the design pressure of the hydrogen storage tank. Exceeding this threshold may lead to overpressure release, equipment fatigue, or safety hazards. At this point, the fuel production determination unit 109 for the planned time period immediately triggers the "high hydrogen overflow avoidance logic," proactively increasing the production of the synthesis module to its maximum output within the current planned time period. That is, the synthesis module operates at full capacity for the entire hour at its maximum safe operating power (e.g., 120% of the rated power), increasing methanol production from the originally planned 18 tons to 28.5 tons (corresponding to approximately 61,000 Nm³ of hydrogen consumption). This maximizes the consumption of excess hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module, ensuring that the hydrogen storage module's hydrogen inventory drops below 580,000 Nm³ at the end of the planned time period. This avoids hydrogen venting waste and economic losses, and also prevents safety interlock shutdowns triggered by overfilled hydrogen storage. Thus, it achieves the optimal resource utilization strategy of "driving fuel overproduction with high renewable energy supply and proactively adjusting based on hydrogen storage capacity as a safety boundary."

[0105] If the judgment result in step S72 or step S73 is negative, in step S77, the output of the synthesis module in the current planned time period is set to the rated output, that is, the synthesis module operates stably at the power (such as the rated power) with the highest design efficiency.

[0106] If the judgment result in step S74 or step S75 is negative, in step S77, the output of the synthesis module in the current planned time period is set to the rated output, that is, the synthesis module operates stably at the power (such as the rated power) with the highest design efficiency.

[0107] For example, in one embodiment, for a planned time period, if, in each of the multiple time periods, the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage module is greater than a preset low threshold and less than a preset high threshold, and the predicted power production is greater than zero and less than the maximum hydrogen production power used by the hydrogen production module for safe hydrogen production, then the planned time period fuel output of the synthesis module during the planned time period is determined as the rated output of the synthesis module. The preset low threshold refers to the minimum amount of hydrogen that the hydrogen storage module can safely store, the preset high threshold refers to the maximum amount of hydrogen that the hydrogen storage module can safely store, and the rated output refers to the output of the fuel synthesized by the synthesis module using the highest power efficiency during the planned time period.

[0108] For example, in one embodiment, the planned time period fuel production determination unit 109 is configured to continuously receive and analyze the wind power forecast and the real-time hydrogen inventory of the current hydrogen storage module for four consecutive one-hour periods (2:00–3:00 to 5:00–6:00) within the planned time period (e.g., 1:00–2:00). When it is detected that the predicted power generation for all subsequent periods is greater than zero but lower than the maximum safe production power of the hydrogen production module (e.g., between 40 MW and 120 MW), and the current hydrogen inventory of the hydrogen storage module is stable within a safe range—that is, higher than the minimum safe threshold of 200,000 Nm³ (to prevent supply interruption risk) and lower than the maximum safe threshold of 600,000 Nm³ (to prevent overpressure risk)—then the fuel production determination unit 109 for the planned time period determines that the system is in the optimal operating condition range of "supply and demand balance and safe operation." At this time, no production compression or over-generation is carried out. Instead, the production of the synthesis module in the current planned time period is directly set to the rated production, that is, the synthesis module operates stably for the entire 1 hour at the highest design efficiency power (e.g., rated power), producing 22.5 tons of methanol, corresponding to a hydrogen consumption of approximately 48,300 Nm³ and an electricity consumption of approximately 27 MWh. This power point is the "golden operating point" with the best catalyst activity, the most stable thermal management, and the lowest energy consumption per unit product.

[0109] According to an exemplary embodiment, in the process of determining the fuel production for a planned time period, the amount of hydrogen that the synthesis module will use to synthesize the fuel for the planned time period is equal to the sum of the amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module and the amount of hydrogen provided by the hydrogen storage module, or the difference between the amount of hydrogen stored by the hydrogen storage module and the amount of electricity that the synthesis module will use to synthesize the fuel for the planned time period is equal to the sum of the difference between the planned electricity production and the amount of electricity used by the hydrogen production module to produce hydrogen, and the amount of electricity provided by the electricity storage module, or the difference between the amount of electricity stored by the electricity storage module and the amount of electricity stored by the electricity storage module.

[0110] According to one embodiment of this application, the planned time period fuel production of synthesized fuel is evenly distributed among each of the plurality of sub-time periods in the planned time period, as the sub-time period fuel production of synthesized fuel in each sub-time period.

[0111] Specifically, the total production of synthetic fuel is evenly distributed across the various sub-time periods within the planned time period. This is achieved by dividing the total production of the planned time period by the number of sub-time periods to obtain the constant production target for each sub-time period. For example, if the planned time period is 1 hour (60 minutes) and the target synthetic fuel production is 12 tons of fuel, the system divides this time period into 6 equal-length sub-time periods (each 10 minutes). The production of each sub-time period is then calculated as: 12 tons ÷ 6 = 2 tons. Therefore, the system sets the synthesis module to produce 2 tons of fuel in each 10-minute sub-time period. Regardless of whether the wind and solar power generation increases, decreases, or fluctuates during that period, the synthesis module operates with this stable production target in mind. The subsequent "sub-time period module determination unit" dynamically adjusts the operation of the hydrogen production and energy storage modules to "compensate" for the potential impact of power fluctuations on production. This ensures stable and continuous fuel production, avoids equipment damage or runaway reactions caused by sudden power changes, and achieves an intelligent operation mode of "constant production and energy self-adaptation."

[0112] According to one embodiment of this application, for each of the plurality of sub-time periods, the power generation of the sub-time period and the power generation of the previous adjacent sub-time period are obtained, the power generation difference between the sub-time period and the power generation of the previous adjacent sub-time period is determined, and the amount of power used by the hydrogen production module to produce hydrogen or the amount of power provided by the energy storage module in the sub-time period is determined based on the power generation difference.

[0113] For example, in one embodiment, for each sub-time period (e.g., every 10 minutes), the sub-time period module determination unit 106 first obtains the actual wind power output of the current sub-time period and the previous adjacent sub-time period (i.e., "sub-time period power generation"), calculates the difference between the two—that is, the power generation difference—to identify the instantaneous fluctuation trend of wind power (e.g., a sudden increase or decrease). This mechanism achieves forward-looking and adaptive adjustment to new energy fluctuations by dynamically responding to the rate of change of power (dP / dt) rather than just the absolute value, enabling the coordinated action of hydrogen production and energy storage to be synchronously matched with the transient changes in wind power.

[0114] In the technical solution of this application, the sub-time period module determination unit converts the instantaneous fluctuations of wind and solar power into dynamic adjustment commands for the hydrogen production and energy storage system by comparing the power generation difference between the current sub-time period and the previous adjacent sub-time period (i.e., dP = P_wt(t) - P_wt(t-1)). When the power difference is positive (power generation increases), the system prioritizes using the incremental power to increase the power consumption of the hydrogen production module—absorbing as much surplus power as possible according to the "load potential" (the difference between the maximum hydrogen production power and the current hydrogen production power) without exceeding its maximum safe power. If there is still surplus, the excess is allocated to the energy storage module for charging. When the power difference is negative (power generation decreases), the system prioritizes the energy storage module to discharge to fill the power gap. If the energy storage capacity is insufficient, the system actively reduces the power consumption of the hydrogen production module to reduce hydrogen production to match the power supply, thereby ensuring that the power input of the synthesis module remains stable. This mechanism does not rely on a fixed power setting.

[0115] Specifically, in an exemplary embodiment, determining the amount of electricity used by the hydrogen production module to produce hydrogen in the sub-time period based on the power difference includes: if the power difference indicates that the power production capacity of the sub-time period is greater than that of the previous adjacent sub-time period, then: obtaining the maximum hydrogen production power consumption for the safe production of hydrogen by the hydrogen production module; obtaining the hydrogen production power consumption of the hydrogen production module in the previous adjacent sub-time period; determining load escalation potential data indicating the amount of additional power the hydrogen production module can use, where the load escalation potential data is the difference between the maximum hydrogen production power consumption for the safe production of hydrogen by the hydrogen production module and the hydrogen production power consumption in the previous adjacent sub-time period; comparing the load escalation potential data with the power difference and generating a comparison result; adjusting the hydrogen production power consumption based on the comparison result to determine the adjusted hydrogen production power consumption as the amount of electricity used by the hydrogen production module to produce hydrogen in the sub-time period. For example, the "comparison" mentioned in this application can be performed by subtracting the two data to be compared, and the comparison result can be positive or negative.

[0116] In one exemplary embodiment, the hydrogen production power consumption of the hydrogen production module in the previous adjacent sub-time period can be obtained by measuring the actual power consumption of the hydrogen production module using a power consumption measuring device. In another exemplary embodiment, the hydrogen production power consumption of the hydrogen production module in the previous adjacent sub-time period is obtained by collecting the power of the electrolyzer (e.g., the product of DC voltage and current) when hydrogen has already been produced according to a preset method in the previous adjacent sub-time period, and then sent to the sub-time period module determination unit via a communication interface. In yet another exemplary embodiment, the hydrogen production power consumption of the hydrogen production module in the previous adjacent sub-time period can be the power consumed to generate an amount of hydrogen equal to the amount of hydrogen consumed by the synthesis module.

[0117] In an exemplary embodiment, adjusting the hydrogen production power consumption based on the comparison result to determine the adjusted hydrogen production power consumption includes: if the comparison result indicates that the load increase potential data is greater than or equal to the power difference value, then the adjusted hydrogen production power consumption is the sum of the hydrogen production power consumption and the power difference value. If the comparison result indicates that the load increase potential data is less than the power difference value, then the adjusted hydrogen production power consumption is the sum of the hydrogen production power consumption and the load increase potential data.

[0118] In an exemplary embodiment, the amount of electricity stored by the energy storage module in the sub-time period is determined based on the comparison result, wherein: if the comparison result indicates that the load potential data is less than the power difference, then the amount of electricity stored by the energy storage module in the sub-time period is the amount that the energy storage module can still store in the difference between the power difference and the load potential data.

[0119] In an exemplary embodiment of this application, when the power generation of a sub-time period decreases compared to the previous adjacent sub-time period (i.e., the power difference is negative), the system first assesses the current available power of the energy storage module and compares it in real time with the power gap (i.e., the absolute value of the power difference). If the remaining power of the energy storage module is sufficient to completely make up for the gap, the energy storage module is prioritized to discharge and make up the entire difference, ensuring uninterrupted power supply for the synthesis and hydrogen production processes. If the energy storage module's power is insufficient, for example, its remaining power is fully released while ensuring battery health, and the "difference between the gap and available energy storage" is taken as the additional load to be reduced. Accordingly, the power consumption of the hydrogen production module is actively reduced—that is, the remaining gap is subtracted from the hydrogen production power consumption of the previous sub-time period, thereby reducing hydrogen production and realizing a two-level power balance strategy of "energy storage priority as a backup and active load reduction for hydrogen production." This mechanism ensures that the system can still maintain the stable operation of key units (synthesis modules) during sudden drops in wind and solar power, avoiding equipment protection shutdowns or process disturbances caused by sudden power shortages, and realizing adaptive energy scheduling.

[0120] Specifically, in an exemplary embodiment, determining the amount of power provided by the energy storage module in the sub-time period based on the power difference includes: if the power difference indicates that the power generated in the sub-time period is less than the power generated in the previous adjacent sub-time period, then: obtain the power stored by the energy storage module at the beginning of the sub-time period, compare the stored power with the power difference and generate a comparison result; if the comparison result indicates that the stored power is greater than or equal to the power difference, then determine that the amount of power provided by the energy storage module in the sub-time period is the power difference; and if the comparison result indicates that the stored power is less than the power difference, then determine that the amount of power provided by the energy storage module in the sub-time period is the stored power.

[0121] In an exemplary embodiment, the method further includes determining, based on the comparison result, the adjusted hydrogen production power consumption as the amount of electricity used by the hydrogen production module to produce hydrogen in the sub-time period, wherein: if the comparison result indicates that the stored power is less than the power difference, the hydrogen production power consumption of the hydrogen production module in the previous adjacent sub-time period is obtained, and the adjusted hydrogen production power consumption is determined to be the amount by which the hydrogen production power consumption is reduced by the difference between the power difference and the stored power.

[0122] In an exemplary embodiment, the method further includes determining the amount of hydrogen stored by the hydrogen storage module or the amount of hydrogen provided by the hydrogen storage module in the sub-time period based on the amount of electricity used by the hydrogen production module to produce hydrogen in the sub-time period. This includes: obtaining the amount of hydrogen used in the sub-time period; obtaining the amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module using the adjusted hydrogen production electricity in the sub-time period; comparing the amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module using the adjusted hydrogen production electricity with the amount of hydrogen used in the sub-time period; and if the amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module using the adjusted hydrogen production electricity is greater than the amount of hydrogen used in the sub-time period, then determining that the amount of hydrogen stored by the hydrogen storage module in the sub-time period is equal to the difference between the amount of hydrogen to be produced by the hydrogen production module and the amount of hydrogen used in the sub-time period; or if the amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module using the adjusted hydrogen production electricity is less than the amount of hydrogen used in the sub-time period, then determining that the amount of hydrogen provided by the hydrogen storage module in the sub-time period is equal to the difference between the amount of hydrogen used in the sub-time period and the amount of hydrogen to be produced by the hydrogen production module.

[0123] For example, in an exemplary embodiment, the planned time period is from 1:00 to 2:00, divided into six 10-minute sub-time periods (T1–T6). The goal of the synthesis module 115 is to stably produce 1.2 tons of green methanol, and this total amount is input by the planned time period fuel production acquisition unit 101. The sub-time period fuel production determination unit 102 then divides the target equally, setting the methanol production for each sub-time period to 0.2 tons. Based on the hydrogen consumption rate of methanol synthesis Y_H2 = 2145 Nm³ / t, the sub-time period hydrogen consumption determination unit 105 calculates that 4590 Nm³ of hydrogen is required every 10 minutes. The sub-time period fuel power consumption determination unit 104 calculates, based on the process model, that the synthesis module needs 150 kWh of electricity per time period. The sub-time period power generation acquisition unit 103 collects wind power data in real time: T1 (180 kW), T2 (210 kW), T3 (240 kW), T4 (160 kW), T5 (120 kW), and T6 (100 kW). The sub-time period module determination unit 106 first calculates the charging and discharging requirements of the energy storage module based on "current sub-time period power consumption + hydrogen production power consumption" and "power generation," and simultaneously determines the hydrogen supply or storage action of the hydrogen storage module based on "hydrogen consumption - hydrogen production."

[0124] In an exemplary embodiment, the process model used by the sub-time period fuel consumption determination unit 104 is a mathematical relationship model constructed based on the engineering thermodynamics and power consumption characteristics of the green methanol synthesis reaction. It obtains the "power consumption corresponding to a unit of methanol production" by fitting historical data, and then directly multiplies this unit power consumption coefficient by the set sub-time period fuel production to obtain a determined value, for example, 150 kWh of electricity required every 10 minutes. Meanwhile, the sub-time period power generation acquisition unit 103 collects instantaneous power values ​​from the power generation device (such as a wind turbine or photovoltaic inverter) in real time via a communication interface, for example, every 10 minutes (thus calculating the power generation over 10 minutes based on the power value and the 10-minute duration). The data is pushed out at a fixed period (e.g., once every 10 minutes).

[0125] In an exemplary embodiment, the sub-time period fuel consumption determination unit 104 may first determine the planned time period fuel consumption to be used by the synthesis module within the planned time period, and then determine the sub-time period fuel consumption. In an exemplary embodiment, the sub-time period fuel consumption determination unit 104 may first calculate the total power demand of the synthesis module within the entire planned time period based on the planned time period fuel output and the "power consumption per unit methanol output". Then, this total power consumption is evenly distributed to each sub-time period to obtain the sub-time period fuel consumption.

[0126] During the transition from T2 to T3, the power generation increases from 210 kW to 240 kW, a difference of +30 kW. The system recognizes this as a "positive power difference" and allocates it as follows: the power consumption of the hydrogen production module can be increased by 20 kW (from 120 kW to 140 kW), and the energy storage module can store an additional 10 kW. As a result, the hydrogen production capacity increases from 1080 Nm³ / h to 1260 Nm³ / h. The hydrogen production in 10 minutes is 210 Nm³, which is lower than the demand of 4590 Nm³. Therefore, the hydrogen storage module still needs to provide 4380 Nm³ of hydrogen to ensure the stability of the synthesis.

[0127] During the T3→T4 period, the power generation suddenly dropped by 80 kW (240→160 kW), which the system identified as a "negative power difference". The power was allocated as follows: the energy storage module released 50 kW, the hydrogen production module actively reduced its power consumption by 30 kW (from 140 kW to 110 kW), the hydrogen production rate dropped to 1150 Nm³ / h, and 192 Nm³ of hydrogen was produced in 10 minutes. The hydrogen storage module then released 4398 Nm³ of hydrogen to ensure zero shortage of hydrogen demand.

[0128] Throughout the entire process, the hydrogen storage module always acts as a "flexible buffer." Its storage or release volume is entirely determined by the difference between the "actual hydrogen production volume after dynamic adjustment by the hydrogen production module based on the power difference" and the "rigid hydrogen demand." This achieves closed-loop control across the entire chain, from planned production to sub-period decomposition, power fluctuation response, coordinated regulation of electricity and hydrogen, and dynamic compensation of hydrogen storage. This breaks through the bottlenecks of traditional systems such as "electricity-hydrogen decoupling," "response lag," and "passive hydrogen storage following," enabling the system to maintain fuel production and carbon footprint stability with high precision even under severe wind and solar power fluctuations.

[0129] For example, the unit power consumption of the synthesis module refers to the electrical energy consumed in producing one ton of methanol (unit: kWh / t or MWh / t). The unit hydrogen consumption refers to the amount of hydrogen required to produce one ton of methanol (unit: Nm³ / t). The electricity consumption of the synthesis module in a sub-time period is the product of the fuel production and the unit power consumption in that sub-time period, and the hydrogen consumption in a sub-time period is the product of the fuel production and the unit hydrogen consumption in that sub-time period. These product relationships are based on the fixed stoichiometry of the synthesis module.

[0130] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the determination of device operating parameters using a short-term scheduling strategy according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 In the exemplary embodiment shown, "short term" refers to a duration of 10 minutes per hour.

[0131] Step S6 will be described in detail below. In step S61, at a specified subdivision time point t1 (e.g., starting from the second 10-minute interval), and the previous subdivision time point t0 (e.g., starting from the first 10-minute interval), the trend of the instantaneous predicted power at time point t1 compared to time point t0 is determined. In step S62, when the difference between Pwt(t1) and Pwt(t0) is greater than 0, i.e., the instantaneous predicted power increment (Pwt(t1) - Pwt(t0)) between two adjacent subdivision time points is greater than 0, the power increment (Pwt(t1) - Pwt(t0)) is greater than 0. In step S63, the power consumption Pely(t0) of the hydrogen production module at time point t0 is checked to determine whether the hydrogen production module can quickly respond to the power increment, i.e., the load increase potential of the electrolyzer in the hydrogen production module is checked.

[0132] In an exemplary embodiment, the load increase potential of the hydrogen production module is determined through a first judgment level that includes the following three aspects: (1) When the hydrogen production module is in operation, determine whether the difference between the power consumption Pely(t0) of the hydrogen production module at time t0 and the maximum operating power can absorb or consume the power increment. If the power increment cannot be fully consumed, proceed to the second judgment level.

[0133] (2) When the hydrogen production module is in a shutdown state, it is determined that the hydrogen production module cannot consume the power increment, but can consume the power increment at a future time point. Therefore, the hydrogen production module, specifically the electrolyzer, is started first, so that the hydrogen production module changes from a shutdown state to a start state, and then enters the second judgment level.

[0134] (3) When the hydrogen production module is already at its maximum operating power, it is determined that the hydrogen production module cannot consume the power increment, and then the second judgment level is entered.

[0135] In the second judgment level, the relationship between the state of charge of the energy storage module, the maximum charging power, and the power increment is used to determine whether the energy storage module can consume the power increment.

[0136] The following description will focus on the first and second decision levels.

[0137] At step S631, when 0 < Pely(t0) < Pely_max, the hydrogen production module is in operation. At step S6312, it is determined whether the difference between the maximum power of the hydrogen production module and the power consumption at time t0 is greater than or equal to the difference between Pwt(t1) and Pwt(t0).

[0138] When the judgment result is yes, in step S6313, at time point t1, the power consumption of the hydrogen production module is determined as Pely(t1) = Pely(t0) + Pwt(t1) - Pwt(t0), and the hydrogen production amount QH2(t1) = f(Pely(t1)). In step S6314, it is determined whether the hydrogen production amount QH2(t1) at time point t1 is greater than the amount of hydrogen consumed in producing green fuel QH2_MeOH(t1). Here, the predicted hydrogen consumption, QH2_MeOH(t1), is obtained by multiplying the predicted output of green fuel at the specified sub-time points by the unit hydrogen consumption of the synthesis module in producing green fuel. If the hydrogen production rate is greater than the hydrogen consumption rate, proceed to step S6319. In this step, at time t1, determine the hydrogen inflow rate of hydrogen storage module 114 as Qin(t1) = QH2(t1) - QH2_MeOH(t1), the hydrogen storage rate as Qs(t1) = Qs(t0) + Qin(t1), and the state of charge (SOC) of energy storage module 112 as SOC(t1) = SOC(t0). If the hydrogen production rate is less than the hydrogen consumption rate, proceed to step S6318. In this step, determine the hydrogen outflow rate of hydrogen storage module 114 as Qout(t1) = QH2_MeOH(t1) - QH2(t1), the hydrogen storage rate as Qs(t1) = Qs(t0) - Qout(t1), and the state of charge (SOC) of energy storage module 112 as SOC(t1) = SOC(t0).

[0139] If the determination result is negative, at step S6315, the energy storage capacity of the energy storage module 112 is checked. At step S6316, it is determined whether the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage module 112 is less than the maximum state of charge (SOC_max). When the state of charge at time t0 is less than the maximum state of charge (SOC_max), at step S6317, it is determined whether the maximum charging power (Pc_max) of the energy storage module 112 is greater than or equal to (Pwt(t1) - Pwt(t0)) - (Pely_max - Pely(t0)).

[0140] When Pc_max is greater than or equal to the difference between the latter two, at step S63110, at time t1, the power consumption of the hydrogen production module 113 is Pely(t1) = Pely_max, the hydrogen production amount is QH2(t1) = f(Pely(t1)), the hydrogen inflow of the hydrogen storage module 114 is Qin(t1) = QH2(t1) - QH2_MeOH(t1), the hydrogen storage amount is Qs(t1) = Qs(t0) + Qin(t1), the charging power of the energy storage module 112 is Pc(t1) = (Pwt(t1) - Pwt(t0)) - (Pely_max - Pely(t0)), and the state of charge SOC(t1) = SOC(t0) + Pc(t1) / S.

[0141] When Pc_max is less than the difference between the latter two, at step S63111, at time t1, the power consumption of the hydrogen production module 113 is Pely(t1)=Pely_max, the hydrogen production amount is QH2(t1)=f(Pely(t1)), the hydrogen inflow of the hydrogen storage module 114 is Qin(t1)=QH2(t1)-QH2_MeOH(t1), the hydrogen storage amount is Qs(t1)=Qs(t0)+Qin(t1), the charging power of the energy storage module 112 is Pc(t1)=Pc_max, and the state of charge SOC(t1)=SOC(t0)+Pc(t1) / S.

[0142] When the state of charge at time t0 reaches the maximum state of charge SOC_max, at step S63112, at time t1, the power consumption of the hydrogen production module 113 is Pely(t1)=Pely_max, the hydrogen production amount is QH2(t1) = f(Pely(t1)), the hydrogen inflow of the hydrogen storage module 114 is Qin(t1)= QH2(t1)-QH2_MeOH(t1), the hydrogen storage amount is Qs(t1) = Qs(t0)+Qin(t1), the charging power of the energy storage module 112 is Pc(t1)=0, and the state of charge SOC(t1)=SOC(t0).

[0143] At step S632, the power consumption of the hydrogen production module 113, Pely(t0), is 0. At step S6321, the hydrogen production module 113 is started. In the started state, Pely(t1) > 0, and QH2(t1) = 0. At step S6322, the energy storage capacity of the energy storage module 112 is checked. At step S6323, it is determined whether the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage module 112 is less than the maximum state of charge (SOC_max). When the state of charge at time t0 is less than the maximum state of charge (SOC_max), at step S6324, it is determined whether the maximum charging power Pc_max of the energy storage module 112 is greater than or equal to Pwt(t1) - Pwt(t0) - Pely(t1).

[0144] If the judgment result is yes, proceed to step S6325. At step S6325, at time t1, the power consumption Pely(t1) of the hydrogen production module 113 is >0, the hydrogen production amount QH2(t1) = 0, the hydrogen outflow rate Qout(t1) of the hydrogen storage module 114 is = QH2_MeOH(t1), the hydrogen storage amount Qs(t1) = Qs(t0)-Qout(t1), the charging power Pc(t1) of the energy storage module 112 is = Pwt(t1)-Pwt(t0)-Pely(t1), and the state of charge SOC(t1) = SOC(t0)+ Pc(t1) / S.

[0145] If the judgment result is negative, proceed to step S6326. At step S6326, at time t1, the power consumption Pely(t1) of the hydrogen production module 113 is greater than 0, the hydrogen production amount QH2(t1) = 0, the hydrogen outflow rate Qout(t1) of the hydrogen storage module 114 is QH2_MeOH(t1), the hydrogen storage amount Qs(t1) = Qs(t0) - Qout(t1), the charging power Pc(t1) of the energy storage module 112 is Pc_max, and the state of charge SOC(t1) = SOC(t0) + Pc(t1) / S.

[0146] When the state of charge at time t0 reaches the maximum state of charge SOC_max, in step S6327, at time t1, the power consumption Pely(t1) of the hydrogen production module 113 is greater than 0, the hydrogen production amount QH2(t1) = 0, the hydrogen outflow rate Qout(t1) of the hydrogen storage module 114 is equal to QH2_MeOH(t1), the hydrogen storage amount Qs(t1) = Qs(t0) - Qout(t1), the charging power Pc(t1) of the energy storage module 112 is equal to 0, and the state of charge SOC(t1) = SOC(t0).

[0147] At step S633, the power consumption Pely(t0) of the hydrogen production module 113 is the maximum operating power Pely_max. At step S6331, the energy storage capacity of the energy storage module 112 is checked. At step S6332, it is determined whether the state of charge SOC(t0) of the energy storage module 112 is less than the maximum state of charge SOC_max.

[0148] When the state of charge at time t0 is less than the maximum state of charge SOC_max, in step S6333, it is determined whether the maximum charging power Pc_max of the energy storage module 112 is greater than or equal to Pwt(t1)-Pwt(t0).

[0149] If the judgment result is yes, proceed to step S6334. At step S6334, at time t1, the power consumption of hydrogen production module 113 is Pely(t1) = Pely(t0), the hydrogen production amount is QH2(t1) = QH2(t0), the hydrogen inflow of hydrogen storage module 114 is Qin(t1) = QH2(t1) - QH2_MeOH(t1), the hydrogen storage amount is Qs(t1) = Qs(t0) + Qin(t1), the charging power of energy storage module 112 is Pc(t1) = Pwt(t1) - Pwt(t0), and the state of charge SOC(t1) = SOC(t0) + Pc(t1) / S.

[0150] If the judgment result is negative, proceed to step S6335. At step S6335, at time t1, the power consumption of hydrogen production module 113 is Pely(t1) = Pely(t0), the hydrogen production amount is QH2(t1) = QH2(t0), the hydrogen inflow of hydrogen storage module 114 is Qin(t1) = QH2(t1) - QH2_MeOH(t1), the hydrogen storage amount is Qs(t1) = Qs(t0) + Qin(t1), the charging power of energy storage module 112 is Pc(t1) = Pc_max, and the state of charge SOC(t1) = SOC(t0) + Pc(t1) / S.

[0151] When the state of charge at time t0 reaches the maximum state of charge SOC_max, at step S6336, at time t1, the power consumption of hydrogen production module 113 is Pely(t1) = Pely(t0), the hydrogen production amount is QH2(t1) = QH2(t0), the hydrogen inflow of hydrogen storage module 114 is Qin(t1) = QH2(t1) - QH2_MeOH(t1), the hydrogen storage amount is Qs(t1) = Qs(t0) + Qin(t1), the charging power of energy storage module 112 is Pc(t1) = 0, and the state of charge SOC(t1) = SOC(t0).

[0152] Figure 4This illustrates a predicted increasing trend in electricity consumption over time. Similarly, when the predicted electricity consumption shows a decreasing trend, the method for determining the predicted operating parameters of the energy storage module 112, hydrogen production module 113, and hydrogen storage module 114 is similar to the method described above, but the judgment order for the hydrogen production module and the energy storage module is reversed. That is, the first judgment level first determines whether the state of charge and maximum power generation of the energy storage module can completely consume the reduced electricity consumption. If it cannot consume or completely consume the reduced electricity, it proceeds to the second judgment level. The second judgment level determines whether the hydrogen production module can consume the remaining reduced electricity consumption by reducing its power or shutting down by detecting the operating status and power consumption of the hydrogen production module. The specific comparison method and the parameter determination method for each module are as follows. Figure 4 The corresponding information is shown below and will not be repeated here.

[0153] In an exemplary embodiment, the system further includes a module controller that acquires the amount of electricity stored or provided by the energy storage module, the amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module, and the amount of hydrogen stored or provided by the hydrogen storage module in each sub-time period set by the sub-time period module determination unit, in order to control the operation of the energy storage module, the hydrogen production module, and the hydrogen storage module. The system also includes a data acquisition module that acquires the actual amount of electricity stored or provided by the energy storage module, the actual amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module, and the actual amount of hydrogen stored or provided by the hydrogen storage module during the operation of the energy storage module, the hydrogen production module, and the hydrogen storage module. The system also includes a coordination controller that acquires the deviations between the actual amount of electricity stored or provided by the energy storage module, the actual amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module, and the actual amount of hydrogen stored or provided by the hydrogen storage module during the operation of the hydrogen production module and the hydrogen storage module, and the amounts of electricity stored or provided by the energy storage module, the amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module, and the amount of hydrogen stored or provided by the hydrogen storage module set by the sub-time period module determination unit, and further controls the energy storage module, the hydrogen production module, and the hydrogen storage module to minimize the deviations.

[0154] The coordination controller is typically deployed in a control room at the industrial site, enabling real-time monitoring and coordinated control of all modules within the synthetic fuel system 11. It is implemented through a distributed system (DCS) architecture, which incorporates industrial controllers and automation solutions, such as Siemens' PCS7 system, ensuring rapid data acquisition and control command transmission.

[0155] Module controllers are controllers located separately in the energy storage module, hydrogen production module, and hydrogen storage module, ensuring direct, rapid, and efficient control of the equipment. The implementation of module controllers typically relies on programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and energy management units (such as battery management systems (BMS) and electrolyzer systems), which are directly connected to the equipment and responsible for executing control commands issued by the coordinating controllers.

[0156] Furthermore, in an exemplary embodiment, the module controller collects the actual operating parameters of the energy storage module, hydrogen production module, and hydrogen storage module, and transmits these parameters to the coordination controller. Specifically, the module controller collects key operating parameters of the equipment (such as voltage, current, temperature, pressure, and flow rate) by connecting to the device's sensor and actuator interfaces.

[0157] The coordinating controller receives the actual operating parameters of each module / device and compares them with the received predicted operating parameters to identify the deviation between the actual and predicted operating parameters. After identifying the deviation, it adjusts the actual operating parameters to minimize the deviation and transmits the adjusted actual operating parameters to the module controller to adjust the operation of the energy storage module, hydrogen production module and hydrogen storage module.

[0158] The coordinating controller also sends the adjusted actual operating parameters to the system, and the system receives the adjusted actual operating parameters from the coordinating controller and adjusts the predicted operating parameters in the scheduling strategy based on the adjusted actual operating parameters.

[0159] Based on this, this application establishes a closed-loop system. The module controller collects actual operating parameters, the coordination controller automatically adjusts the parameters, and the system corrects the scheduling strategy based on the adjusted actual operating parameters. This enables the scheduling strategy to be continuously iterated and optimized to adapt to the volatility of renewable energy power and the uncertainty of system operation, ensuring that the implementation effect of the scheduling plan is closest to the ideal state, i.e., the predicted operating parameters.

[0160] In summary, the feedback mechanism, by collecting, comparing, adjusting, and refeeding back actual and predicted operating parameters, achieves multi-level collaborative control from the device level to the system level and then to the system level. This greatly improves the system's adaptability to variable conditions and its operating efficiency, ensuring that the system can always maintain optimal operation in complex and ever-changing environments.

[0161] In addition, the coordinator has built-in basic control logic, such as microgrid control, power balance control and safety control mechanisms, which can independently maintain the normal operation of the system even if it loses contact with the system, providing a fail-safe design concept.

[0162] In this application, the system collects sub-carbon emission data from the power generation device, energy storage module, hydrogen production module, hydrogen storage module and synthesis module respectively during the prediction period, and adds up the multiple sub-carbon emission data to calculate the total carbon emission data during the prediction period.

[0163] To monitor and calculate the carbon footprint within the prediction period, the system first needs to establish data communication links with the carbon emission monitoring units of each module in the synthetic fuel system. These modules include power generation, energy storage, hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, and synthesis. Each module generates specific sub-carbon emission data during its operation. For example, carbon emissions from power generation mainly come from the operation of auxiliary equipment and indirect emissions from grid electricity. Energy storage and hydrogen production modules may generate carbon emissions due to energy conversion efficiency, while hydrogen storage and synthesis modules also generate corresponding carbon emissions during material handling and production. The system periodically collects sub-carbon emission data from the carbon emission monitoring units of each module through a real-time data interface. To calculate the total carbon emission data within the prediction period, the system incorporates a carbon emission data processing and aggregation algorithm. This algorithm comprehensively analyzes and sums the collected sub-carbon emission data from each module to derive the total carbon emissions of the entire system within the prediction period.

[0164] In the embodiments of this application, a technical solution is provided to control the operation of equipment in a synthetic fuel system based on predicted power generation data and combined with medium- and long-term and short-term dispatch strategies. This solution addresses the challenges of local consumption of renewable energy power and the technical problems of precise matching of energy and materials in complex energy systems. It achieves the technical effects of optimizing the energy structure, improving flexibility and adaptability, and enabling the efficient and stable production of green fuel from renewable energy.

[0165] In the above embodiments of this application, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0166] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed technical content can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for example, the division of units or modules is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units, modules, or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the displayed or discussed mutual coupling, direct coupling, or communication connection may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection of modules or units may be electrical or other forms.

[0167] The units or modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units or modules may or may not be physical units or modules; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units or modules. Some or all of the units or modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0168] Furthermore, the functional units or modules in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit or module, or each unit or module can exist physically separately, or two or more units or modules can be integrated into one unit or module. The integrated units or modules described above can be implemented in hardware or in the form of software functional units or modules.

[0169] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as a USB flash drive, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), portable hard drive, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0170] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of this application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A system (11) for synthetic fuel, characterized by, The system (11) includes a power generation unit (111) that generates electricity using renewable energy (12), an energy storage module (112) that stores the electricity generated by the power generation unit, a hydrogen production module (113) that produces hydrogen using electricity from the power generation unit and / or from the energy storage module, a hydrogen storage module (114) that stores the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module, and a synthesis module (115) that synthesizes fuel (13) using electricity from the power generation unit and / or from the energy storage module and using hydrogen from the hydrogen production module and / or from the hydrogen storage module. The system further includes: Sub-time period power generation acquisition unit (103) acquires the sub-time period power generation capacity that the power generation device will produce in each of the multiple sub-time periods; The sub-time period module determination unit (106) is configured as follows: The amount of hydrogen that the hydrogen production module will produce in a given sub-time period is determined based on the difference between the electricity produced in one of the multiple sub-time periods and the electricity produced in the sub-time period of the preceding adjacent sub-time period.

2. The system (11) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes: The planned time period fuel production acquisition unit (101) acquires the planned time period fuel production of the fuel to be synthesized by the synthesis module within a future planned time period; and The sub-time period fuel consumption determination unit (104) determines the sub-time period fuel consumption that the synthesis module will use in each of the plurality of sub-time periods based on the fuel production of the planned time period, wherein the plurality of sub-time periods are divided from the planned time period, and the sum of the time lengths of the plurality of sub-time periods is equal to the time length of the planned time period.

3. The system (11) according to claim 2, characterized in that, The system also includes: The sub-time period fuel production determination unit (102) determines the sub-time period fuel production that the synthesis module will synthesize fuel in each sub-time period based on the planned time period fuel production; and The sub-time period fuel consumption determination unit (104) determines the sub-time period fuel consumption based on the sub-time period fuel production.

4. The system (11) according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sub-time period fuel consumption determination unit (104) is further configured to: Based on the fuel production during the planned time period, determine the planned time-period fuel power consumption that the synthesis module will use during the planned time period; and The fuel consumption for the sub-time period is determined based on the planned time period fuel consumption.

5. The system (11) according to claim 3, characterized in that, The system also includes: The amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module in a sub-time period is determined based on the amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module in that sub-time period. The amount of electricity that the energy storage module will store or provide in a sub-time period is determined based on the difference between the sum of the hydrogen production electricity and the fuel production electricity in the sub-time period and the amount of electricity produced in the sub-time period.

6. The system (11) according to claim 5, characterized in that The system also includes: The sub-time period hydrogen consumption determination unit (105) determines the amount of hydrogen to be used by the synthesis module in each sub-time period based on the fuel production of the sub-time period; and The amount of hydrogen that the hydrogen production module will store or supply in a sub-time period is determined based on the difference between the amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module in the sub-time period and the amount of hydrogen used in the sub-time period.

7. The system (11) according to claim 6, characterized in that, The system also includes: The power generation acquisition unit (108) acquires the predicted power generation of the power generation device for each of a plurality of time periods of equal length to the planned time period following the planned time period. A hydrogen storage capacity acquisition unit acquires the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage module at the start of the planned time period, determines the hydrogen consumption rate based on the hydrogen consumption in the sub-time periods, determines the hydrogen consumption in the multiple time periods based on the hydrogen consumption rate and the duration of the multiple time periods, and determines the hydrogen storage capacity at the end of the multiple time periods based on the hydrogen storage capacity at the start of the planned time period and the hydrogen consumption in the multiple time periods; and The planned time period fuel production determination unit (109) determines the planned time period fuel production of the synthesis module during the planned time period based on the predicted power generation and the amount of hydrogen stored at the end of the plurality of time periods.

8. The system (11) according to claim 7, characterized in that, The system also includes: A planned production power acquisition unit (107) acquires the planned production power that the power generation device will produce during the planned time period, wherein: The amount of hydrogen that the synthesis module will use to synthesize the fuel production for the planned time period is equal to the sum of the amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module and the amount of hydrogen provided by the hydrogen storage module, or the difference between the amount of hydrogen stored by the hydrogen storage module and the amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module. The amount of electricity that the synthesis module will use to synthesize the fuel production for the planned time period is equal to the sum of the difference between the planned power production and the amount of electricity that the hydrogen production module will use to produce hydrogen, and the amount of electricity that the energy storage module will provide, or the difference between the amount of electricity that the energy storage module will store.

9. The system (11) according to claim 7, characterized in that, The fuel production determination unit for the planned time period is configured to, for the planned time period: When, during each of the plurality of time periods, the predicted power production is zero, and the hydrogen storage module continuously supplies hydrogen to the synthesis module such that the hydrogen storage level at the end of the plurality of time periods is lower than a preset low threshold, the fuel production for the planned time period is determined as the minimum production of the synthesis module, wherein, The preset low threshold refers to the minimum amount of hydrogen that the hydrogen storage module can safely store. The minimum output refers to the output of fuel synthesized during the planned time period by operating the synthesis module at the minimum power required for the process of fuel synthesis to run continuously.

10. The system (11) according to claim 7, characterized in that, The fuel production determination unit for the planned time period is configured to, for the planned time period: When, during each of the plurality of time periods, the predicted power production is greater than or equal to the power consumed by the hydrogen production module at its maximum safe hydrogen production capacity, and the hydrogen storage module continuously draws hydrogen from the hydrogen production module such that the hydrogen storage level at the end of the plurality of time periods exceeds a preset high threshold, the fuel production for the planned time period is determined as the maximum production of the synthesis module, wherein... The preset high threshold refers to the maximum amount of hydrogen that the hydrogen storage module can safely store, and The maximum output refers to the output of fuel synthesized by the synthesis module during the planned time period when it operates at the maximum power capable of safely synthesizing fuel.

11. The system (11) according to claim 7, characterized in that, The fuel production determination unit for the planned time period is configured to, for the planned time period: When, during each of the plurality of time periods, the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage module is greater than a preset low threshold and less than a preset high threshold, and the predicted power production capacity is greater than zero and less than the maximum hydrogen production power used by the hydrogen production module for safe hydrogen production, the planned fuel production output of the synthesis module during the planned time period is determined as the rated output of the synthesis module. The preset low threshold refers to the minimum amount of hydrogen that the hydrogen storage module can safely store. The preset high threshold refers to the maximum amount of hydrogen that the hydrogen storage module can safely store, and The rated output refers to the output of fuel synthesized by the synthesis module during the planned time period when it operates at the highest power for fuel synthesis efficiency.

12. The system (11) according to claim 3, characterized in that, The sub-time period fuel production determination unit is configured as follows: The fuel production of the synthesized fuel during the planned time period is evenly distributed among each of the plurality of sub-time periods in the planned time period, and the fuel production of the synthesized fuel during each sub-time period is the fuel production of the planned time period.

13. The system (11) according to claim 7, characterized in that, The sub-time period module determination unit is configured as follows: Obtain the power generation capacity of the sub-time period and the power generation capacity of the previous adjacent sub-time period. Determine the power difference between the power generated in the sub-time period of the given sub-time period and the power generated in the sub-time period of the preceding adjacent sub-time period, and The amount of electricity that the hydrogen production module will use to produce hydrogen or the amount of electricity that the energy storage module will provide during the sub-time period is determined based on the power difference.

14. The system (11) according to claim 13, characterized in that, The sub-time period module determination unit is further configured to: When the power difference indicates that the power generated in the sub-time period of the current sub-time period is greater than the power generated in the sub-time period of the preceding adjacent sub-time period: Obtain the maximum electricity consumption for safe hydrogen production by the hydrogen production module. Obtain the hydrogen production power consumption of the hydrogen production module in the preceding adjacent sub-time period of the given sub-time period. Determine the load potential data representing the additional power that the hydrogen production module can utilize. This load potential data is the difference between the maximum hydrogen production power consumption for safe hydrogen production by the hydrogen production module and the hydrogen production power consumption in the preceding adjacent sub-time period. The load increase potential data is compared with the power difference to generate a comparison result. Based on the comparison result, the hydrogen production power consumption is adjusted to determine the adjusted hydrogen production power consumption as the amount of electricity that the hydrogen production module will use to produce hydrogen in the sub-time period.

15. The system (11) according to claim 14, characterized by The sub-time period module determination unit is further configured to: When the comparison result indicates that the load increase potential data is greater than or equal to the power difference, the adjusted hydrogen production power consumption is set to the sum of the hydrogen production power consumption and the power difference; and When the comparison result indicates that the load increase potential data is less than the power difference value, the adjusted hydrogen production power consumption is set as the sum of the hydrogen production power consumption and the load increase potential data.

16. The system (11) according to claim 15, characterized by The sub-time period module determining unit is further configured to determine, based on the comparison result, the amount of electricity that the energy storage module will store in the one sub-time period, wherein: When the comparison result indicates that the load increase potential data is less than the power difference, the amount of electricity stored by the energy storage module in the sub-time period will be set as the amount that the energy storage module can still store in the difference between the power difference and the load increase potential data.

17. The system (11) according to claim 13, characterized by The sub-time period module determination unit is further configured to: When the power difference indicates that the power generated in a sub-time period is less than the power generated in the previous adjacent sub-time period: Obtain the electrical energy stored in the energy storage module at the beginning of the specified sub-time period. The stored electrical force is compared with the difference between the electrical force and the stored electrical force, and a comparison result is generated. When the comparison result indicates that the stored electrical power is greater than or equal to the electrical power difference, the energy storage module will provide power in the sub-time period by setting the amount of power supplied to the electrical power difference. When the comparison result indicates that the stored electrical energy is less than the electrical energy difference, the amount of power provided by the energy storage module in the sub-time period will be set to the stored electrical energy.

18. The system (11) according to claim 17, wherein the sub-time period module determining unit is further configured to determine, based on the comparison result, an adjusted hydrogen production power consumption as the amount of electricity that the hydrogen production module will use to produce hydrogen in the one sub-time period, wherein: When the comparison result indicates that the stored electrical force is less than the electrical force difference, Obtain the hydrogen production power consumption of the hydrogen production module in the preceding adjacent sub-time period of the first sub-time period, and The adjusted hydrogen production power consumption is determined to be the amount by which the hydrogen production power consumption is reduced by the difference between the power difference and the stored power.

19. The system (11) according to claim 14 or 18, characterized by The sub-time period module determining unit is further configured to determine, based on the amount of electricity used by the hydrogen production module to produce hydrogen during the sub-time period, the amount of hydrogen the hydrogen storage module will store or the amount of hydrogen the hydrogen storage module will supply during the sub-time period, including: Obtain the amount of hydrogen used in the sub-time period. The amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module using the adjusted hydrogen production power consumption during the aforementioned sub-time period is obtained. The amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module using the adjusted hydrogen production power consumption is compared with the amount of hydrogen used in the sub-time period. When the hydrogen production module produces more hydrogen using the adjusted hydrogen production power than the hydrogen consumption in the sub-time period, the hydrogen storage module will set the amount of hydrogen stored in the sub-time period to be equal to the difference between the amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module and the hydrogen consumption in the sub-time period, or When the amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module using the adjusted hydrogen production power consumption is less than the amount of hydrogen used in the sub-time period, the amount of hydrogen supplied by the hydrogen storage module in the sub-time period will be set to be equal to the difference between the amount of hydrogen used in the sub-time period and the amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module.

20. The system (11) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by Also includes: A module controller acquires the amount of electricity stored or provided by the energy storage module, the amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module, and the amount of hydrogen stored or provided by the hydrogen storage module in the sub-time period set by the sub-time period module determination unit, so as to control the operation of the energy storage module, the hydrogen production module, and the hydrogen storage module in the sub-time period. The data acquisition module acquires the actual amount of electricity stored or provided by the energy storage module, the actual amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module, and the actual amount of hydrogen stored or provided by the hydrogen storage module during the operation of the energy storage module, the hydrogen production module, and the hydrogen storage module. as well as The coordination controller acquires the deviations between the actual amount of electricity stored or provided by the energy storage module, the actual amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module, and the actual amount of hydrogen stored or provided by the hydrogen storage module during the operation of the hydrogen production module and the hydrogen storage module, and the amounts of electricity stored or provided by the energy storage module, the amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module, and the amount of hydrogen stored or provided by the hydrogen storage module set by the sub-time period module determination unit, and further controls the energy storage module, the hydrogen production module, and the hydrogen storage module to minimize the deviations.

21. A method for synthesizing a fuel, characterized by, The method includes: To obtain the electrical power generated by the power generation device in each of multiple sub-time periods. The amount of hydrogen that the hydrogen production module will produce in a given sub-time period is determined based on the difference between the electricity generated in one of the multiple sub-time periods and the electricity generated in the sub-time period of the preceding adjacent sub-time period.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein, The method further includes: The synthesis module will determine the planned fuel production for the planned time period within the future. Based on the fuel production during the planned time period, the fuel consumption of the synthesis module in each of the plurality of sub-time periods is determined, wherein the plurality of sub-time periods are derived from the planned time period, and the sum of the lengths of the plurality of sub-time periods is equal to the length of the planned time period.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein, The method further includes: Based on the planned fuel production for the specified time period, the sub-time period fuel production that the synthesis module will synthesize within each sub-time period is determined; and The fuel consumption of the sub-time period is determined based on the fuel production of the sub-time period.

24. The method of claim 22, wherein, The method further includes: Based on the fuel production during the planned time period, determine the planned time-period fuel power consumption that the synthesis module will use during the planned time period; and The fuel consumption for the sub-time period is determined based on the planned time period fuel consumption.

25. The method according to claim 23, characterized in that, The method further includes: The amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module in a sub-time period is determined based on the amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module in that sub-time period. The amount of electricity that the energy storage module will store or provide in a sub-time period is determined based on the difference between the sum of the hydrogen production electricity and the fuel production electricity in the sub-time period and the amount of electricity produced in the sub-time period.

26. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that, The method further includes: Based on the fuel production in the sub-time period, determine the amount of hydrogen the synthesis module will use in each sub-time period; and The amount of hydrogen that the hydrogen production module will store or supply in a sub-time period is determined based on the difference between the amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production module in the sub-time period and the amount of hydrogen used in the sub-time period.

27. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that, The method further includes: The predicted power generation capacity of the power generation device is obtained for each of a plurality of consecutive time periods of equal length to the planned time period following the planned time period. The method involves obtaining the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage module at the start of the planned time period, determining the hydrogen consumption rate based on the hydrogen consumption of the sub-time periods, determining the hydrogen consumption of the multiple time periods based on the hydrogen consumption rate and the duration of the multiple time periods, and determining the hydrogen storage capacity at the end of the multiple time periods based on the hydrogen storage capacity at the start of the planned time period and the hydrogen consumption of the multiple time periods; and... Based on the predicted power generation and the amount of hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage module at the end of the multiple time periods, the planned fuel production of the synthesis module during the planned time period is determined.

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