Hydrogen production device based on photo-thermal electrolysis coupling of wide-spectrum absorption photo-thermal material

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of solar collector hydrogen production technology, specifically a photothermal electrolysis coupled hydrogen production device based on broadband absorption photothermal materials; it includes a solar collector and a hydrogen production system; the solar collector is a collector unit; the non-reflective surface of the reflector is provided with a rectangular frame; side plates are fixed on both sides of the rectangular frame at the top and bottom; three connecting plates are fixed between two opposite side plates on the same side; a bracket is provided between the two reflectors; a connecting sleeve is fixed on the top of the bracket; heat collection tubes are provided on both sides of the connecting sleeve; a first arc plate is provided between the bracket and the two reflectors, and a first arc groove is opened in the first arc plate; a first wiping layer is fixed on one side of the first arc groove on the reflective surface; this invention can ensure the stable output of high-temperature heat energy by cleaning the reflector and heat collection tubes, meeting the constant temperature and high-temperature operating conditions required for water electrolysis reaction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of hydrogen production technology using solar collectors, specifically a photothermal electrolysis coupling hydrogen production device based on broadband photothermal absorption materials. Background Technology

[0002] In the photothermal electrolysis coupled hydrogen production system, the solar collector is the core heating device. Its working principle is as follows: the parabolic reflector is driven by the solar tracking mechanism to be aligned with the sun in real time, and the sunlight is focused onto the vacuum collector tube. After the sunlight penetrates the glass cover of the collector tube, it is captured by the internal selective absorption coating, completing the efficient conversion of light energy into heat energy. The vacuum jacket structure can effectively suppress heat loss and heat the heat-conducting medium inside the tube. The high-temperature heat-conducting medium is transported to the heat exchange system of the electrolyzer through the circulation pipeline, providing a constant temperature heat source for the water electrolysis reaction, reducing the theoretical voltage and activation energy of water decomposition, and realizing low-energy and continuous hydrogen production under the synergistic effect of heat energy and electrical energy.

[0003] The solar collector mainly consists of a parabolic reflector, a vacuum collector tube, a solar tracking system, a support frame, and a fluid circulation unit. The parabolic reflector uses an ultra-white tempered silver-plated composite structure; its reflective surface is the optical working surface, responsible for converging and reflecting sunlight, while its back is a protective coating that does not reflect light. The vacuum collector tube has a double-layer vacuum sleeve structure and is the core component for photothermal conversion. The solar tracking system ensures the accuracy of the reflector's light concentration, and the fluid circulation unit achieves stable delivery of high-temperature heat energy. All components work together to capture, convert, and output solar energy.

[0004] During long-term outdoor operation, the parabolic reflector and vacuum collector tubes of solar collectors are constantly exposed to the outdoor environment, making their surfaces prone to accumulating dust, sand, and atmospheric impurities. They also attract stubborn pollutants such as bird droppings. These pollutants have multiple negative impacts on equipment performance and the hydrogen production system. For the parabolic reflector, pollutants obstruct the reflective surface, reducing its optical reflectivity and causing light scattering, disrupting the uniformity of light concentration. This prevents sunlight from being accurately focused on the core heat-absorbing area of ​​the vacuum collector tube, significantly reducing the concentrated energy flux density. For the vacuum collector tube, surface pollutants hinder sunlight transmission, reducing the effective light absorption of the heat-absorbing coating and directly lowering the photothermal conversion efficiency. Furthermore, localized contamination can cause uneven temperature distribution on the tube wall, generating significant thermal stress and accelerating glass tube cracking, vacuum failure, and coating aging.

[0005] The contamination of the reflector and the collector tube will eventually be directly transmitted to the hydrogen production system, resulting in insufficient heat output from the collector and large temperature fluctuations, which cannot meet the constant temperature and high temperature requirements of the water electrolysis reaction. In order to maintain the hydrogen production capacity, the system needs to consume more electrical energy to compensate for the lack of heat energy, resulting in a significant increase in hydrogen production energy consumption and a decrease in hydrogen production rate and hydrogen purity. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this invention proposes a photothermal electrolysis coupling hydrogen production device based on broadband absorption photothermal materials. By cleaning the reflector and the heat collection tube, the solar collector can stably output high-temperature heat energy, meeting the constant temperature and high-temperature operating conditions required for the water electrolysis reaction. The specific structure is as follows. A photothermal electrolysis coupled hydrogen production device based on broadband absorption photothermal materials includes a solar collector and a hydrogen production system; the solar collector is a collector unit; the collector unit includes a reflector, a collector tube, a solar tracking system, and a support bracket; The non-reflective surface of the reflector is provided with a rectangular frame; side plates are fixed on both sides of the rectangular frame, and the side plates are arc-shaped; three connecting plates are fixed between two opposite side plates on the same side; The number of reflectors is two and they are fixed on the rectangular frame and the connecting plate, with a gap between the two reflectors and a gap between the two reflectors and the side plate. A bracket is provided between the two reflectors, and the bracket is fixed on a rectangular frame; a connecting sleeve is fixed to the top of the bracket; The connecting sleeve is provided with heat collection tubes on both sides; the two heat collection tubes are mounted on a mounting plate on opposite sides of a rectangular frame, and the heat collection tubes are mounted on the mounting plate; the other side of the heat collection tubes is connected to the hydrogen production system. A first arc plate is provided between the bracket and the two reflectors, and a first arc groove is formed in the first arc plate, with the reflector facing the first arc groove; the first arc groove is in contact with the non-reflective surface of the reflector, and a distance is left between it and the reflective surface of the reflector; in the initial state, the two first arc plates are located between the reflector and the bracket; a first wiping layer is fixed on the side of the first arc groove located on the reflective surface; The two first arc plates have a notch on the side near the rectangular frame, and the rectangular frame is located in the notch; The rectangular frame contains a drive assembly.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the drive assembly includes a first lead screw; the first lead screw is rotatably mounted within the rectangular frame; The first lead screw has two first drive blocks for helical transmission, and the top and bottom portions of the first drive blocks extend to the rectangular frame and are slidably connected to the rectangular frame; The first drive block extends out of the rectangular frame and is fixed in the notch of the first arc plate; the centerline of the first lead screw is located between the two first arc plates; The first lead screw has a centerline as the dividing line, and the threads on both sides of the dividing line are opposite; the first lead screw is driven by a first motor, and the first motor is installed on the side of the rectangular frame; The connecting sleeve is provided with a first cylinder on both sides; two inclined plates are fixed on the opposite side plates of the two first arc plates, and the other side of the inclined plates is fixed to the side of the first cylinder; The inner ring of the first cylinder is provided with a second wiping layer.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, two limiting plates are provided between the first arc plate and the opposite side plate; The limiting plate is provided with a slide rail and slides on the connecting plate; adjacent limiting plates are connected by a pull rope, and the limiting plate is connected to the first arc plate by the pull rope, and the limiting plate is connected to the side plate by the pull rope.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the connecting plate has a T-shaped cross-section and is slidably connected to the first arc plate and the limiting plate, respectively.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an L-shaped clamping plate is fixed on the side of the limiting plate away from the rectangular frame. The L-shaped plate extends to the reflective surface of the reflector and is slidably connected to the reflective surface; both sides of the L-shaped plate are designed with rounded corners.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a second arc plate is provided around the outer ring of the first arc plate; The second arc plate has a second arc groove. In the initial state, the first arc plate is located in the second arc groove and is slidably connected to the second arc groove. The second arc plate also has a notch on the side near the rectangular frame, and the rectangular frame is located in the notch of the second arc plate; The rectangular frame has a second lead screw that rotates inside it, and the second lead screw has the same structure as the first lead screw; the second lead screw is driven by a second motor, and the second motor is installed on the side of the rectangular frame; The second lead screw has a second drive block that is screwed on it, and the top and bottom parts of the second drive block extend out into a rectangular frame and are slidably connected to the rectangular frame. The second drive block extends out of the rectangular frame and is fixed in the notch of the second arc plate; A liquid tank is fixed to the side of the rectangular frame, and the liquid tank contains cleaning agent; The second arc plate has a first liquid tank inside; a liquid pump is fixed on the second arc plate, and the outlet pipe of the liquid pump is connected to the first liquid tank, and the inlet pipe of the liquid pump extends into the liquid tank. The second arc plate has uniformly arranged first spray holes on one side of the reflective surface, and the first spray holes are connected to the first liquid tank. The first cylinder has a second cylinder on its outer ring, and the second cylinder is fixedly connected to the second arc plate through a vertical plate; a second liquid tank is opened inside the second cylinder; a liquid channel is opened inside the vertical plate, and the liquid channel connects the first liquid tank and the second liquid tank; The inner ring of the second cylinder has evenly arranged second spray holes, and the second spray holes are connected to the second liquid tank.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inlet pipe of the liquid pump is a spiral telescopic pipe.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a stabilizing block is fixed on the opposite side of each of the two second arc plates; The stabilizing block is slidably connected to the connecting plate.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first arc plate is provided with uniformly arranged first connecting holes, and in the initial state, the first connecting holes correspond one-to-one with the first spray holes. The first cylinder has evenly arranged second connecting holes, and in the initial state, the second connecting holes correspond one-to-one with the second spray holes.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. The photothermal electrolysis coupling hydrogen production device based on broadband absorption photothermal materials described in this invention, by simultaneously and automatically cleaning the reflective surface of the reflector and the outer wall of the collector tube, avoids the problem of contaminants obscuring the reflective surface, leading to reduced optical reflectivity, light scattering, and damage to the uniformity of light concentration. This prevents sunlight from being unable to be accurately focused on the heat absorption area of ​​the collector tube, thus reducing the concentrated energy flux density. Simultaneously, it eliminates the problems of contaminants on the collector tube surface hindering sunlight transmission, reducing photothermal conversion efficiency, and causing uneven tube wall temperature and thermal stress due to localized contamination, which can lead to glass tube cracking, vacuum failure, and coating aging. This ensures the stable output of high-temperature heat energy from the solar collector, meeting the constant temperature and high-temperature requirements of the water electrolysis reaction, avoiding the defects of increased hydrogen production energy consumption and decreased hydrogen production rate and purity. It improves the operational stability, energy utilization efficiency, and equipment lifespan of the photothermal electrolysis coupling hydrogen production device, and reduces equipment maintenance costs.

[0016] 2. In the photothermal electrolysis coupling hydrogen production device based on broadband absorption photothermal materials described in this invention, during cleaning operations, a liquid pump delivers cleaning agent from the liquid tank to the first liquid tank and the second liquid tank. A second motor drives a second lead screw to move the second drive block and the second arc plate synchronously. The first and second spray holes spray cleaning agent onto the entire area of ​​the reflector and the heat collection tube, respectively. The spiral telescopic tube adaptively extends and retracts to ensure stable liquid supply. The stabilizing block, in conjunction with the T-shaped connecting plate, limits the movement of the second arc plate to prevent it from swaying or shifting. The sprayed cleaning agent can wash away loose dust and sand impurities from the surface, while also fully wetting and softening stubborn stains such as bird droppings. Subsequently, the first motor drives the first arc plate and the first cylinder to move, and the first and second wiping layers thoroughly wipe the softened stains, completely removing various contaminants, ensuring the reflectivity of the reflector and the transmittance of the heat collection tube, avoiding focusing failure and reduced photothermal conversion efficiency, stably supplying the high-temperature heat energy required by the hydrogen production system, reducing hydrogen production energy consumption, and improving the operational stability of the device.

[0017] 3. The photothermal electrolysis coupling hydrogen production device based on broadband absorption photothermal materials described in this invention connects the first connecting hole on the first arc plate with the first nozzle on the second arc plate, and the second connecting hole on the first cylinder with the second nozzle on the second cylinder. A liquid pump continuously delivers cleaning agent, which directly washes the first and second wiping layers, efficiently removing impurities, dirt, and residual cleaning agent adhering to the surface of the wiping layers. This design prevents impurities carried by the wiping layers from re-contaminating the reflective surface of the reflector and the outer wall of the heat collection tube during repositioning and movement, preventing repeated accumulation of pollutants that could affect optical performance and photothermal conversion efficiency. It eliminates the need for manual disassembly and cleaning of the wiping layers, reducing equipment maintenance costs, ensuring the solar collector maintains high concentration accuracy and heating stability over a long period, continuously adapting to the efficient hydrogen production conditions of broadband photothermal materials, and extending the overall service life of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a state diagram of the solar collector unit of the present invention during normal operation; Figure 2 This is a state diagram of the solar collector unit of the present invention during flushing; Figure 3 This is a state diagram of the solar collector unit of the present invention during wiping; Figure 4 This is a diagram of the back structure of the solar collector unit of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the separated solar collector unit in this invention; Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the first arc plate, the second arc plate, the first cylinder, the second cylinder, and the rectangular frame in this invention; Figure 7This is a structural diagram of the limiting plate in this invention; Figure 8 This is the present invention. Figure 1 Top view; Figure 9 This is the present invention. Figure 8 Sectional view at point AA; Figure 10 This is the present invention. Figure 9 Enlarged view of a section at point B in the middle; Figure 11 This is the present invention. Figure 9 Enlarged view of a section at point C; Figure 12 This is the present invention. Figure 9 Sectional view at point DD; Figure 13 This is the present invention. Figure 12 Enlarged view of a section at point E in the middle; Figure 14 This is the present invention. Figure 12 Enlarged view of a section at point F.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Reflector; 11. Heat collector tube; 12. Bracket; 13. Connecting sleeve; 14. Mounting plate; 2. Rectangular frame; 21. Side plate; 22. Connecting plate; 23. First lead screw; 24. First drive block; 25. Second lead screw; 26. Second drive block; 3. First arc plate; 31. First arc groove; 32. First wiping layer; 33. First connecting hole; 4. First cylinder; 41. Inclined plate; 42. Second wiping layer; 43. Second connecting hole; 5. Limiting plate; 51. Pull rope; 52. L-shaped clamping plate; 6. Second arc plate; 61. Second arc groove; 62. First liquid tank; 63. First nozzle; 7. Second cylinder; 71. Vertical plate; 72. Second liquid tank; 73. Liquid channel; 74. Second nozzle; 75. Stabilizing block; 8. Liquid tank; 81. Liquid pump. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0022] like Figures 1 to 14As shown, the photothermal electrolysis coupling hydrogen production device based on broadband absorption photothermal materials of the present invention includes a solar collector and a hydrogen production system; the solar collector is a collector unit; the collector unit includes a reflector 1, a collector tube 11, a solar tracking system, and a support bracket 12; the non-reflective surface of the reflector 1 is provided with a rectangular frame 2; side plates 21 are fixed on both sides of the rectangular frame 2, and the side plates 21 are arc-shaped; three connecting plates 22 are fixed between two opposite side plates 21 on the same side; the number of reflectors 1 is two and they are fixed on the rectangular frame 2 and the connecting plates 22, and a gap is left between the two reflectors 1, and a gap is also left between the two reflectors 1 and the side plates 21; a bracket 12 is provided between the two reflectors 1, and the bracket 12 is fixed on the rectangular frame 2; A connecting sleeve 13 is fixed to the top of the bracket 12; heat collection tubes 11 are provided on both sides of the connecting sleeve 13; a mounting plate 14 is provided on the opposite side of the two heat collection tubes 11 on the rectangular frame 2, and the heat collection tubes 11 are mounted on the mounting plate 14; the other side of the heat collection tubes 11 is connected to the hydrogen production system; a first arc plate 3 is provided between the bracket 12 and the two reflectors 1, and a first arc groove 31 is opened in the first arc plate, and the reflector 1 is opposite to the first arc groove 31; the first arc groove 31 is in contact with the non-reflective surface of the reflector 1, and a distance is left from the reflective surface of the reflector 1; in the initial state, the two first arc plates 3 are located between the reflector 1 and the bracket 12; a first wiping layer 32 is fixed on the side of the first arc groove 31 located on the reflective surface; a notch is opened on the side of the two first arc plates 3 near the rectangular frame 2, and the rectangular frame 2 is located in the notch.

[0023] In this embodiment, the rectangular frame 2 is provided with a driving assembly; the driving assembly includes a first lead screw 23; the first lead screw 23 rotates within the rectangular frame 2; the first lead screw 23 has two first driving blocks 24 spirally driven on it, and the top and bottom portions of the first driving blocks 24 extend to the rectangular frame 2 and are slidably connected to the rectangular frame 2; one side of the first driving block 24 extending out of the rectangular frame 2 is fixed in a notch in the first arc plate 3; the centerline of the first lead screw 23 is located between the two first arc plates 3; the first lead screw 23 is divided by the centerline, and the threads on both sides of the dividing line are opposite; the first lead screw 23 is driven by a first motor, and the first motor is installed on the side of the rectangular frame 2; the connecting sleeve 13 has a first cylinder 4 on both sides; two inclined plates 41 are fixed on the opposite side plates 21 of the two first arc plates 3, and the other side of the inclined plates 41 is fixed to the side of the first cylinder 4; the inner ring of the first cylinder 4 is provided with a second wiping layer 42.

[0024] When the solar collector is working normally, the solar tracking system, in conjunction with the support bracket 12, drives the entire collector unit to track the sun's position. Two reflectors 1 precisely focus sunlight onto the surface of the collector tube 11. The collector tube 11 absorbs the focused solar energy and converts the light energy into heat energy through a broadband photothermal conversion effect, heating the heat-conducting medium inside the collector tube 11. The high-temperature heat-conducting medium is then transported to the hydrogen production system, providing a stable high-temperature heat source for the water electrolysis reaction. This reduces the theoretical decomposition voltage and activation energy of the water electrolysis reaction. Under the coupling effect of heat energy and electrical energy, the hydrogen production system continuously completes the water decomposition reaction and produces high-purity hydrogen, achieving stable operation of solar photothermal electrolysis coupled hydrogen production.

[0025] Specifically, when dust, sand, impurities, and bird droppings accumulate on the reflective surface of the reflector 1 and the surface of the heat collection tube 11 and need to be cleaned, the first motor is first started. The first motor drives the first lead screw 23 inside the rectangular frame 2 to rotate. Since the first lead screw 23 has its center line as the dividing line and the threads on both sides of the dividing line rotate in opposite directions, it drives the two first drive blocks 24 to slide synchronously in opposite directions along the rectangular frame 2, so that the two first drive blocks 24 move away from each other. The first drive blocks 24 are fixedly installed in the notch of the first arc plate 3. Therefore, the two first drive blocks 24 synchronously drive the two first arc plates 3 to move away from each other and toward the reflectors 1 on both sides. The reflector 1 gradually extends into the first arc groove 31 inside the first arc plate 3. The first wiping layer 32 in the first arc groove 31 is in contact with the reflective surface of the reflector 1.

[0026] At the same time, the inclined plates 41 fixed on opposite sides of the two first arc plates 3 synchronously drive the first cylinder 4 to move, and the second wiping layer 42 of the inner ring of the first cylinder 4 moves synchronously against the outer wall of the heat collection tube 11; the first arc plate 3 slides stably along the connecting plate 22. During the synchronous movement of the first arc plate 3 and the first cylinder 4, the first wiping layer 32 wipes the reflective surface of the reflector 1, and the second wiping layer 42 wipes the outer wall of the heat collection tube 11 synchronously to remove various contaminants attached to the surface; when the first arc plate 3 moves to the position of the side plate 21, a full-stroke cleaning operation is completed, and then the first motor is controlled to reverse, driving the first arc plate 3 and the first cylinder 4 to return to the initial state. If the contaminants are not thoroughly cleaned, the above cleaning process can be repeated to improve the cleanliness.

[0027] More specifically, by simultaneously completing the automated cleaning of the reflective surface of the reflector 1 and the outer wall of the collector tube 11, the problem of contaminants obscuring the reflective surface, leading to a decrease in the optical reflectivity of the mirror, light scattering, and damage to the uniformity of light concentration is avoided. This prevents the problem of sunlight not being able to be accurately focused on the heat absorption area of ​​the collector tube 11, resulting in a decrease in the concentrated energy flux density. At the same time, it eliminates the problem of contaminants on the surface of the collector tube 11 hindering sunlight transmission, reducing the photothermal conversion efficiency, and causing uneven tube wall temperature and thermal stress due to local contamination, which in turn causes equipment damage such as glass tube cracking, vacuum failure, and coating aging. This ensures that the solar collector can stably output high-temperature heat energy, meet the constant temperature and high-temperature operating conditions required for the water electrolysis reaction, avoid the defects of increased hydrogen production energy consumption and decreased hydrogen production rate and purity, improve the operational stability, energy utilization efficiency, and equipment lifespan of the photothermal electrolysis coupled hydrogen production device, and reduce equipment operation and maintenance costs.

[0028] As an embodiment of the present invention, two limiting plates 5 are provided between the first arc plate 3 and the opposite side plate 21; the limiting plates 5 are provided with slides and slide on the connecting plate 22; adjacent limiting plates 5 are connected by pull ropes 51, and the limiting plates 5 are connected to the first arc plate 3 by pull ropes 51, and the limiting plates 5 are connected to the side plate 21 by pull ropes 51.

[0029] In this embodiment, the connecting plate 22 has a T-shaped cross-section and is slidably connected to the first arc plate 3 and the limiting plate 5 respectively; an L-shaped clamping plate 52 is fixed on the side of the limiting plate 5 away from the rectangular frame 2; the L-shaped clamping plate 52 extends to the reflective surface of the reflector 1 and is slidably connected to the reflective surface; both sides of the L-shaped clamping plate 52 are rounded.

[0030] Since the limiting plate 5 is connected to the first arc plate 3 and the side plate 21 respectively by the pull rope 51, and the limiting plate 5 is slidably installed on the connecting plate 22 through the slide rail, the two sets of limiting plates 5 are symmetrically arranged between the first arc plate 3 and the side plate 21. Under normal conditions, they can form a rigid support for the non-reflective surface of the reflector 1, effectively resist outdoor wind load, prevent the reflector 1 from shaking or shifting under the action of wind, ensure the stability of the focusing angle of the reflector 1, and improve the solar energy focusing accuracy. When the drive component drives the first arc plate 3 to move along the connecting plate 22 towards the side plate 21 for cleaning, the first arc plate 3 will contact the adjacent limiting plate 5 in turn and push the limiting plate 5 to slide synchronously. The pull rope 51 moves with the limiting plate 5. When the first arc plate 3 moves to the position of the side plate 21 to complete the full stroke cleaning, the two limiting plates 5 are evenly arranged between the first arc plate 3 and the side plate 21, without interfering with the cleaning operation throughout the process. When the first arc plate 3 returns, it will pull the limiting plate 5 to extend the connecting plate 22 back to the initial state through the pull rope 51.

[0031] Specifically, since the cross-section of the connecting plate 22 is a T-shaped structure, the first arc plate 3 and the limiting plate 5 are both adapted to slide and connect with the T-shaped connecting plate 22. This structure can limit the first arc plate 3 and the limiting plate 5, effectively preventing the first arc plate 3 and the limiting plate 5 from derailing, tilting, or shaking during the sliding process, and ensuring the straightness and fit of the cleaning trajectory of the first wiping layer 32 and the second wiping layer 42.

[0032] More specifically, since the limiting plate 5 is fixed with an L-shaped clamping plate 52 on the side away from the rectangular frame 2, the L-shaped clamping plate 52 extends to the reflective surface of the reflector 1 and slides against it. The L-shaped clamping plate 52 has rounded corners on both sides to avoid scratching the reflective surface of the reflector 1. At the same time, the L-shaped clamping plate 52 can limit and fix the top and bottom of the reflector 1, preventing the top and bottom of the reflector 1 from having a distance from the connecting plate 22. This would prevent the top and bottom of the reflector 1 from being unlimited and easily shaking when subjected to wind impact.

[0033] As an embodiment of the present invention; a second arc plate 6 is provided on the outer ring of the first arc plate 3; a second arc groove 61 is provided in the second arc plate 6, and in the initial state, the first arc plate 3 is located in the second arc groove 61 and is slidably connected with the second arc groove 61; a notch is also provided on the side of the second arc plate 6 near the rectangular frame 2, and the rectangular frame 2 is located in the notch of the second arc plate 6; a second lead screw 25 is rotatably provided in the rectangular frame 2, and the second lead screw 25 has the same structure as the first lead screw 23; the second lead screw 25 is driven by a second motor, and the second motor is installed on the side of the rectangular frame 2; The second lead screw 25 has a helical drive block 26, and the top and bottom portions of the second drive block 26 extend out of a rectangular frame 2 and are slidably connected to the rectangular frame 2; one side of the second drive block 26 extending out of the rectangular frame 2 is fixed in a notch in the second arc plate 6; a liquid tank 8 is fixed to the side of the rectangular frame 2, and the liquid tank 8 contains cleaning agent; a first liquid trough 62 is opened in the second arc plate 6; a liquid pump 81 is fixed on the second arc plate 6, and the outlet pipe of the liquid pump 81 is connected to the first liquid trough 62, and the inlet pipe of the liquid pump 81 extends to the liquid tank 8. Inside; the second arc plate 6 is provided with a uniformly arranged first spray hole 63 on one side of the reflective surface, and the first spray hole 63 is connected to the first liquid tank 62; the outer ring of the first cylinder 4 is provided with a second cylinder 7, and the second cylinder 7 is fixedly connected to the second arc plate 6 through a vertical plate 71; a second liquid tank 72 is provided inside the second cylinder 7; a liquid channel 73 is provided inside the vertical plate 71, and the liquid channel 73 is connected to the first liquid tank 62 and the second liquid tank 72; the inner ring of the second cylinder 7 is provided with a uniformly arranged second spray hole 74, and the second spray hole 74 is connected to the second liquid tank 72.

[0034] In this embodiment, the inlet pipe of the liquid pump 81 is a spiral telescopic pipe; a stabilizing block 75 is fixed on each of the two second arc plates 6 on opposite sides; the stabilizing block 75 is slidably connected to the connecting plate 22.

[0035] In this embodiment, the first arc plate 3 is provided with uniformly arranged first connecting holes 33, and in the initial state, the first connecting holes 33 correspond one-to-one with the first spray holes 63; the first cylinder 4 is provided with uniformly arranged second connecting holes 43, and in the initial state, the second connecting holes 43 correspond one-to-one with the second spray holes 74.

[0036] During the cleaning operation of the reflector 1 and the heat collection tube 11, the liquid pump 81 is first started. The liquid pump 81 draws the cleaning agent stored in the liquid tank 8 through the spiral telescopic tube and delivers it to the first liquid tank 62 inside the second arc plate 6. The cleaning agent flows evenly in the first liquid tank 62. When the cleaning agent flows past the position of the vertical plate 71, it flows synchronously into the second liquid tank 72 inside the second cylinder 7 through the liquid channel 73 inside the vertical plate 71, completing the diversion and delivery of the cleaning agent. Then, the second motor is started, and the second motor drives the second lead screw 25 inside the rectangular frame 2 to rotate. The second lead screw 25 has the same structure as the first lead screw 23, with the threads on both sides rotating in opposite directions with the center line as the dividing line. This drives the two second drive blocks 26 to slide synchronously in opposite directions along the rectangular frame 2, causing the two second drive blocks 26 to move away from each other. The second drive blocks 26 are fixed in the notch of the second arc plate 6, so they synchronously drive the two second arc plates 6 to move away from each other, causing the second arc plate 6 to slide along the second arc groove 61 and gradually separate from the first arc plate 3. At the same time, the second arc plate 6 drives the second cylinder 7 to move synchronously through the vertical plate 71, causing the second cylinder 7 to gradually separate from the first cylinder 4.

[0037] Specifically, during the movement of the second arc plate 6 and the second cylinder 7, the cleaning agent in the first liquid tank 62 and the second liquid tank 72 is evenly sprayed out from the first spray hole 63 and the second spray hole 74, respectively. The cleaning agent sprayed from the first spray hole 63 is sprayed all over the reflective surface of the reflector 1, and the cleaning agent sprayed from the second spray hole 74 is sprayed all over the outer wall of the heat collection tube 11. The water inlet pipe of the liquid pump 81 adopts a spiral telescopic pipe, which can adaptively extend and retract with the movement of the liquid pump 81 and the second arc plate 6, eliminating the risk of pipe pulling and breakage, and ensuring a continuous and stable supply of cleaning agent. The two second arc plates 6 are on opposite sides. The fixed stabilizing block 75 is slidably connected to the connecting plate 22 with a T-shaped cross section, which can precisely limit the movement of the second arc plate 6, preventing the second arc plate 6 from tilting, shaking, or derailing, and ensuring the accuracy of the spray angle and coverage. When the second arc plate 6 and the second cylinder 7 move to the position of the side plate 21, the full-range spraying operation is completed. The sprayed cleaning agent can directly wash away loose impurities such as dust and sand on the surface of the reflector 1 and the heat collection tube 11, while fully wetting and softening stubborn stains such as bird droppings, laying the foundation for subsequent wiping and cleaning.

[0038] More specifically, after completing the spray wetting pretreatment, the first motor is started, and the first arc plate 3 is moved along the connecting plate 22 via the first lead screw 23 and the first drive block 24. The first arc plate 3 drives the first cylinder 4 to move synchronously via the inclined plate 41. The first wiping layer 32 and the second wiping layer 42 are used to wipe the reflector 1 and the heat collection tube 11, effectively removing the softened stubborn stains and solving the technical defects of single dry wiping being unable to remove stubborn pollutants and incomplete cleaning. When the first arc plate 3 moves to the position of the second arc plate 6, the first arc plate 3 is embedded in the second arc groove 61 of the second arc plate 6, and the first cylinder 4 is simultaneously embedded in the interior of the second cylinder 7. The arrangement structure of the inclined plate 41 does not interfere with the nesting and resetting of the two. At this time, the first connecting hole 33 on the first arc plate 3 and the first arc plate 6 are connected to the first arc plate 7. The first nozzles 63 of the two arc plates 6 are connected one-to-one, and the second connecting holes 43 on the first cylinder 4 are connected one-to-one with the second nozzles 74 of the second cylinder 7. The liquid pump 81 continuously delivers cleaning agent, which directly washes the first wiping layer 32 and the second wiping layer 42, effectively removing impurities, dirt and residual cleaning agent adhering to the surface of the wiping layer. This design avoids the wiping layer carrying impurities from re-contaminating the reflective surface of the reflector 1 and the outer wall of the heat collection tube 11 when it is reset and moved, and prevents the repeated accumulation of pollutants from affecting the optical performance and photothermal conversion efficiency. There is no need for manual disassembly and cleaning of the wiping layer, which reduces the equipment operation and maintenance cost, ensures that the solar collector maintains high light concentration accuracy and heat supply stability for a long time, continuously adapts to the high-efficiency hydrogen production conditions of broadband photothermal materials, and extends the overall service life of the device.

[0039] Furthermore, during the cleaning operation, the liquid pump 81 delivers the cleaning agent from the liquid tank 8 to the first liquid tank 62 and the second liquid tank 72. The second motor drives the second lead screw 25 to move the second drive block 26 and the second arc plate 6 synchronously. The first spray hole 63 and the second spray hole 74 spray the cleaning agent onto the reflector 1 and the heat collection tube 11, respectively. The spiral telescopic tube adaptively extends and retracts to ensure stable liquid supply. The stabilizing block 75 cooperates with the T-shaped connecting plate 22 to limit the movement and prevent the second arc plate 6 from shaking or shifting. The sprayed cleaning agent can wash away loose dust, sand and impurities on the surface, and at the same time fully soak and soften stubborn stains such as bird droppings. Subsequently, the first motor drives the first arc plate 3 and the first cylinder 4 to move. The first wiping layer 32 and the second wiping layer 42 thoroughly wipe the softened stains, completely remove various pollutants, ensure the reflectivity of the reflector 1 and the light transmittance of the heat collection tube 11, avoid focusing failure and reduced photothermal conversion efficiency, stably supply the high-temperature heat energy required by the hydrogen production system, reduce hydrogen production energy consumption, and improve the operational stability of the device.

[0040] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the appendix. Figure 1The orientations or positional relationships shown are for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description only, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to distinguish the description and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0041] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A photothermal electrolysis coupled hydrogen production device based on a broadband absorption photothermal material, comprising a solar collector and a hydrogen production system; wherein the solar collector is a collector unit; the collector unit comprises a reflector (1), a collector tube (11), a solar tracking system and a support bracket (12); Its features are, The non-reflective surface of the reflector (1) is provided with a rectangular frame (2); side plates (21) are fixed on both sides of the rectangular frame (2) at the top and bottom; three connecting plates (22) are fixed between two opposite side plates (21) on the same side. The number of the reflectors (1) is two and they are fixed on the rectangular frame (2) and the connecting plate (22); A bracket (12) is provided between the two reflectors (1); a connecting sleeve (13) is fixed to the top of the bracket (12); The connecting sleeve (13) is provided with heat collection tubes (11) on both sides; the two heat collection tubes (11) are located on the rectangular frame (2) with mounting plates (14) on opposite sides, and the heat collection tubes (11) are mounted on the mounting plates (14); the other side of the heat collection tubes (11) is connected to the hydrogen production system; A first arc plate (3) is provided between the bracket (12) and the two reflectors (1), and a first arc groove (31) is provided in the first arc plate; the first arc groove (31) is in contact with the non-reflective surface of the reflector (1) and is separated from the reflective surface of the reflector (1); in the initial state, the two first arc plates (3) are located between the reflector (1) and the bracket (12); a first wiping layer (32) is fixed on one side of the first arc groove (31) on the reflective surface; The two first arc plates (3) have notches on the side near the rectangular frame (2), and the rectangular frame (2) is located in the notches; The rectangular frame (2) is equipped with a drive assembly.

2. The photothermal electrolysis coupling hydrogen production device based on broadband absorption photothermal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive assembly includes a first lead screw (23); the first lead screw (23) rotates within the rectangular frame (2); The first lead screw (23) has two first drive blocks (24) for helical transmission, and the top and bottom portions of the first drive blocks (24) extend to the rectangular frame (2) and are slidably connected to the rectangular frame (2); The first drive block (24) extends out of the rectangular frame (2) and is fixed in the notch of the first arc plate (3); the centerline of the first lead screw (23) is located between the two first arc plates (3); The first lead screw (23) is divided by the center line, and the threads on both sides of the dividing line are opposite; the first lead screw (23) is driven by the first motor, and the first motor is installed on the side of the rectangular frame (2); The connecting sleeve (13) has a first cylinder (4) on both sides; the two first arc plates (3) have two inclined plates (41) fixed on the opposite side plate (21), and the other side of the inclined plate (41) is fixed to the side of the first cylinder (4); The inner ring of the first cylinder (4) is provided with a second wiping layer (42).

3. The photothermal electrolysis coupling hydrogen production device based on broadband absorption photothermal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two limiting plates (5) are provided between the first arc plate (3) and the opposite side plate (21); The limiting plate (5) has a slide rail and slides on the connecting plate (22); adjacent limiting plates (5) are connected by a pull rope (51), and the limiting plate (5) is connected to the first arc plate (3) by the pull rope (51), and the limiting plate (5) is connected to the side plate (21) by the pull rope (51).

4. The photothermal electrolysis coupling hydrogen production device based on broadband absorption photothermal materials according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cross-section of the connecting plate (22) is T-shaped, and it is slidably connected to the first arc plate (3) and the limiting plate (5) respectively.

5. The photothermal electrolysis coupling hydrogen production device based on broadband absorption photothermal materials according to claim 4, characterized in that: The limiting plate (5) is fixed with an L-shaped clamping plate (52) on the side away from the rectangular frame (2); The L-shaped card plate (52) extends to the reflective surface of the reflector (1) and is slidably connected to the reflective surface; both sides of the L-shaped card plate (52) are designed with rounded corners.

6. The photothermal electrolysis coupling hydrogen production device based on broadband absorption photothermal materials according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer ring of the first arc plate (3) is provided with a second arc plate (6); The second arc plate (6) has a second arc groove (61) inside. In the initial state, the first arc plate (3) is located in the second arc groove (61) and is slidably connected with the second arc groove (61). The second arc plate (6) also has a notch on the side near the rectangular frame (2), and the rectangular frame (2) is located in the notch of the second arc plate (6); The rectangular frame (2) has a second lead screw (25) that rotates inside it, and the second lead screw (25) has the same structure as the first lead screw (23); the second lead screw (25) is driven by a second motor, and the second motor is installed on the side of the rectangular frame (2); The second lead screw (25) has a second drive block (26) that is screwed on it, and the top and bottom parts of the second drive block (26) extend out of the rectangular frame (2) and are slidably connected to the rectangular frame (2); The second drive block (26) extends out of one side of the rectangular frame (2) and is fixed in the groove of the second arc plate (6); The rectangular frame (2) has a liquid tank (8) fixed to its side, and the liquid tank (8) contains cleaning agent; The second arc plate (6) has a first liquid tank (62) inside; a liquid pump (81) is fixed on the second arc plate (6), and the outlet pipe of the liquid pump (81) is connected to the first liquid tank (62), and the inlet pipe of the liquid pump (81) extends into the liquid tank (8); The second arc plate (6) has uniformly arranged first spray holes (63) on one side of the reflective surface, and the first spray holes (63) are connected to the first liquid tank (62); The first cylinder (4) is provided with a second cylinder (7) on its outer ring, and the second cylinder (7) is fixedly connected to the second arc plate (6) through a vertical plate (71); a second liquid tank (72) is provided inside the second cylinder (7); a liquid channel (73) is provided inside the vertical plate (71), and the liquid channel (73) connects the first liquid tank (62) and the second liquid tank (72); The inner ring of the second cylinder (7) is provided with uniformly arranged second spray holes (74), and the second spray holes (74) are connected to the second liquid tank (72).

7. The photothermal electrolysis coupling hydrogen production device based on broadband absorption photothermal materials according to claim 6, characterized in that: The inlet pipe of the liquid pump (81) is a spiral telescopic pipe.

8. The photothermal electrolysis coupling hydrogen production device based on broadband absorption photothermal materials according to claim 7, characterized in that: Stabilizing blocks (75) are fixed on opposite sides of the two second arc plates (6); The stabilizing block (75) is slidably connected to the connecting plate (22).

9. The photothermal electrolysis coupling hydrogen production device based on broadband absorption photothermal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first arc plate (3) has uniformly arranged first connecting holes (33), and in the initial state, the first connecting holes (33) correspond one-to-one with the first spray holes (63); The first cylinder (4) has evenly arranged second connecting holes (43), and in the initial state, the second connecting holes (43) correspond one-to-one with the second spray holes (74).

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