Elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material, preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses an elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material, a preparation method and application thereof. The oil-absorbing material is composed of polymer fibers and elastic particles. The polymer fibers wrap the elastic particles in the process of tensile forming, and the fibers wrapped with the elastic particles interweave to form a three-dimensional fiber network. The elastic particles are derived from at least one of rubber products, elastic sponges and foamed thermoplastic plastics, and the polymer is selected from at least one of polypropylene, polyethylene and polylactic acid. In the preparation, the elastic particles are introduced synchronously in the process of polymer melt stretching into fibers, so that the polymer fibers wrapped with the elastic particles are realized. The material has high tensile strength of the polymer fibers and high supporting capacity of the elastic particles, and the oil-absorbing ratio can reach 45.2 g / g, the oil-retaining ratio can reach 79.3%, the compression 100-time resilience rate is greater than or equal to 50%, the material can be recycled, and is suitable for coupling treatment of water surface spilled oil by mechanical equipment such as a track-type oil skimmer, so that the high-value utilization of waste elastic polymers is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of oil-water separation material preparation technology, and particularly relates to an elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material, its preparation method and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Marine oil spills and accidents involving merchant ships are the main causes of marine oil pollution. One of the most important methods for handling oil spills is the use of oil-absorbing materials for adsorption and removal. A tracked machine can be used to fix the oil-absorbing material in place, with one end in contact with the oil-containing water for adsorption. The oil is then squeezed out for recovery, maximizing its utilization. The oil retention rate of the oil-absorbing material is crucial in this process, as it directly affects the amount of oil the material can store during transportation.

[0003] Refer to the relevant paper published by the inventors of this application: C-shaped porous polypropylene fibers for rapid oil absorption and effective on-line oil spillage monitoring;

[0004] Related paper 2: Oil recovery and heat transfer performance of polyurethanesponges coated with 3Dcarbon nano networks;

[0005] Related paper 3: Porous Structures of C-Shaped Polypropylene Fibers and Oil-Absorbing Performance of Their Spun-Bond Non-woven Fabrics.

[0006] The inventors of this application discovered the following while conducting experiments related to oil-absorbing materials:

[0007] Existing oil-absorbing materials, such as three-dimensional absorbent materials like aerogels and foams, possess excellent oil absorption and retention capabilities. However, these materials often break due to their poor tensile strength when mechanically coupled, hindering the recycling process. Polymer fiber materials, on the other hand, have excellent tensile strength and can effectively withstand the mechanical tensile forces during oil absorption. However, due to their soft texture and lack of self-support, they collapse under oil pressure after absorption, leading to severe oil leakage and reducing the material's oil absorption performance. Therefore, improving the self-support capability of polymer fiber materials to obtain oil-absorbing materials with high oil absorption and retention capabilities and recyclability is a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.

[0008] In addition, the preparation process of traditional three-dimensional adsorption materials usually relies on complex chemical foaming, sol-gel conversion or freeze drying processes, which not only involve the use of a large amount of organic solvents and cross-linking agents, but also often require high temperature and high pressure or long-term low temperature vacuum environment, resulting in long preparation cycle, high energy consumption and high production cost, while also accompanied by the emission of organic waste gas or waste liquid. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to solve the aforementioned technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide an elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material, its preparation method, and its application. Elastic particles are added during the spinning process, and a high-speed airflow is used to uniformly encapsulate the elastic particles in the polymer fibers, forming fiber clusters with a three-dimensional structure. The addition of elastic particles significantly improves the self-supporting ability and oil retention rate of the polymer fibers, giving the material both the excellent tensile strength of polymer fibers and the self-supporting ability of elastic particles, making it an excellent oil-absorbing material that can be mechanically coupled.

[0010] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0011] An elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material includes polymer fibers and elastic particles. The elastic particles are dispersed in the polymer fibers and are wrapped between the polymer fibers. The polymer fibers wrapped with elastic particles interweave to form a three-dimensional fiber network structure. The elastic particles are obtained by crushing at least one elastic material selected from rubber products, elastic sponges, and foamed thermoplastics. Further, the particle size of the elastic particles is 500μm to 5000μm. The polymer fibers are selected from at least one of polypropylene, polyethylene, and polylactic acid.

[0012] Furthermore, rubber products are used in tires.

[0013] Furthermore, the elastic sponge is made of at least one of melamine sponge and polyurethane sponge.

[0014] Furthermore, the foamed thermoplastic uses at least one of pearl cotton and foamed polypropylene.

[0015] A method for preparing an elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material includes the following steps: S1, feeding a polymer melt into a spinning and drawing air duct for stretching to produce fiber filaments; S2, during the process of stretching the polymer melt into fiber filaments, introducing elastic particles into the spinning and drawing air duct through a metering pump, so that the polymer melt wraps the elastic particles while being stretched into fiber filaments, forming polymer fibers wrapped with elastic particles; S3, the polymer fibers wrapped with elastic particles interweave with each other and are laid into a fiber web.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes a preparatory step: crushing the elastic material to obtain elastic particles, and heating and melting the polymer fibers to obtain a polymer melt.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes a pretreatment step: cleaning the elastic material to remove surface oil, mud and impurities, and then drying it in a forced-air dryer at 40℃~80℃ for 2h~6h.

[0018] Furthermore, in the preparatory steps, the elastic material is crushed using a blade crusher for 3 to 60 seconds. After crushing, it is classified by a vibrating screen to select elastic particles with a particle size of 500 μm to 5000 μm.

[0019] Furthermore, in the preparatory steps, the melting temperature of the polymer fiber is 120℃~250℃.

[0020] Furthermore, in step S1, the stretching speed of the polymer melt is 500 r / min to 3000 r / min; the polymer melt feed flow rate is 10 mL / min to 80 mL / min.

[0021] Furthermore, in step S1, the width of the spinning drawing air duct is 2cm to 3cm, the length is 30cm to 80cm, and the drawing air temperature is 10℃ to 80℃.

[0022] Furthermore, in step S2, the feed rate of the elastic particle metering pump is controlled by the polymer melt flow pump, and the ratio of the elastic particle feed rate to the polymer melt flow rate is 3:1 to 1:3.

[0023] Furthermore, in step S3, a mesh belt machine is used to receive polymer fibers wrapped with elastic particles and lay a fiber web. The laying speed of the mesh belt machine is 0.8m / min to 5m / min.

[0024] Furthermore, it also includes a molding step: hot embossing the fiber web with a roller to fix and shape it, thus obtaining an oil-absorbing material.

[0025] Furthermore, the temperature of the hot embossing rollers in the forming step is 60℃~90℃, and the gap between the hot embossing rollers is 2mm~10mm.

[0026] Elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material is used for oil absorption operations in water surface oil spills.

[0027] The present invention, by adopting the above-described technical solution, has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] This invention incorporates elastic particles that are encapsulated between polymer fibers. The addition of these elastic particles significantly enhances the self-supporting capacity and oil retention rate of the polymer fibers, giving the oil-absorbing material both the excellent tensile strength of polymer fibers and the self-supporting capacity of elastic particles. This allows it to withstand repeated tensile loads during mechanical skimming, overcoming the shortcomings of aerogel and foam-type oil-absorbing materials, such as poor tensile strength and easy breakage and failure when coupled with mechanical forces.

[0029] This invention introduces elastic particles directly into the polymer fiber melt spinning process. High-speed airflow is used to make the polymer melt uniformly wrap the elastic particles during high-speed stretching. The fiber web is formed in one step and then combined with the subsequent hot embossing roller shaping process. No foaming agent, surfactant or organic solvent is added throughout the process. The operation is simple and highly continuous. The time from raw material to finished product is only a few minutes, and the energy consumption is significantly reduced.

[0030] This invention cleverly utilizes elastic particles such as discarded tires and sponges to provide self-support and compression rebound capabilities, overcoming the defects of traditional three-dimensional materials such as poor mechanical strength and easy breakage. At the same time, it endows the material with excellent oil absorption and oil retention rates, and stable compression rebound performance.

[0031] The elastic particles in this invention can be directly made from waste elastic materials such as waste tires, waste sponges, and waste foamed thermoplastics, through washing, crushing, and grading. This not only significantly reduces the raw material cost of oil-absorbing materials, but also realizes the high-value resource utilization of solid waste, reduces the environmental pressure caused by the accumulation of waste elastic polymers, and has good economic and ecological benefits.

[0032] The method in this invention can effectively combine elastic materials with polymer fibers, which can give full play to the excellent tensile strength of polymer fibers and provide self-support with the help of elastic materials, thereby obtaining an oil-absorbing material with high oil absorption and retention capacity and recyclability, which has important practical significance and application value. Attached Figure Description

[0033] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0034] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method for preparing the oil-absorbing material of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 These are stress-strain curves of different samples in this invention.

[0036] Figure 3 These are the compressive strain curves of different samples in this invention.

[0037] Figure 4 This is a comparison chart of the oil absorption ratios of different materials used in this invention.

[0038] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating the operational effect of the tracked skimmer coupled with different materials in this invention.

[0039] Figure 6 This is a model diagram of an elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material according to the present invention.

[0040] In the diagram: 1-elastic particles; 2-polymer fibers. Detailed Implementation

[0041] Example 1

[0042] This embodiment provides an elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material, using waste melamine sponge as the elastic particle 1 raw material and polypropylene as the polymer fiber 2 raw material.

[0043] A method for preparing an elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material includes the following steps:

[0044] S0. Rinse the waste melamine sponge with clean water to remove surface oil, mud and impurities, and then place it in a forced-air drying oven and dry it at 60°C for 2 hours.

[0045] S1. The dried waste melamine sponge is put into a blade shredder and shredded for 10 seconds to obtain elastic particles 1 with an average particle size of 3000μm to 5000μm. After being classified by a vibrating screen, the target particle size particles are collected for later use.

[0046] S2. The polypropylene fiber is heated to 200℃ to melt and form a polymer melt. The polymer melt is fed into the spinning drawing air duct for stretching. The stretching speed is controlled at 3000r / min and the feed flow rate is 50mL / min. The width of the spinning drawing air duct is 2cm and the length is 60cm. The temperature of the drawing air is 30℃, and fiber filaments are produced.

[0047] S3. The elastic particles 1 obtained in step S1 are introduced into the feed inlet of the spinning and drawing air duct through a metering pump. The feed speed of the elastic particles 1 is synchronously controlled by the melt flow pump so that the ratio of the feed speed of the elastic particles 1 to the flow rate of the polymer melt is 2:1. While the polymer melt is stretched into fiber filaments under the action of high-speed airflow, it uniformly wraps the elastic particles 1 to form polymer fibers 2 wrapped with elastic particles 1.

[0048] S4. The polymer fiber 2 wrapped with elastic particles 1 moves downward under the action of the stretching wind, and is received by the mesh belt machine below and laid into a uniform fiber web. The laying speed of the mesh belt machine is controlled at 2.5m / min.

[0049] S5. Feed the fiber web into the hot embossing roller device for hot pressing and bonding. Control the hot pressing temperature to 75℃ and the gap between the hot embossing rollers to 5mm. After cooling, the elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material is obtained.

[0050] Take 0.5g of the elastic granular composite fiber oil-absorbing material prepared in this embodiment, place it flat in an oil tank for 5 minutes, then take out the sample and place it on a mesh of less than 170 mesh for 1 minute. Its oil absorption capacity for soybean oil is 45.2g. Place the oil-absorbing material after oil absorption into a wide-mouth bottle containing 300mL of water, then shake it with a shaker for 1 minute. Take out the sample and place it on a mesh of less than 170 mesh for 1 minute. Its oil retention rate is 79.3%, tensile strength is 0.15MPa, 100% rebound compressive stress is 5.7kPa, and rebound rate is 80% after 100 compressions.

[0051] In this embodiment, the feed rate ratio of elastic particles 1 to polymer melt is 2:1. Tests showed that different rate ratios affect the oil absorption ratio, oil retention rate, composite compressive strength, and composite tensile strength, as shown in Table 1 below.

[0052]

[0053] As shown in Table 1 above, when the ratio of the feed rate of elastic particles 1 to the flow rate of polymer melt is in the range of 3:1 to 1:3, the fiber filaments formed by the stretching of polymer melt can fully wrap the elastic particles 1, which can meet the subsequent conditions for laying and forming a mesh, and can form a relatively regular oil-absorbing material after hot rolling.

[0054] When the ratio is greater than 3:1, due to the large number of elastic particles 1, the stretching air duct is easily blocked, which prevents the polymer fiber 2 from completely wrapping it. As a result, the tensile strength of the oil-absorbing material is only 0.08 MPa, and the oil absorption capacity is relatively poor.

[0055] When the polymer melt flow rate is large (e.g., exceeding 1:3), there are fewer elastic particles 1, resulting in poor compressive strength (0.7 kPa) of the obtained material.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] This embodiment provides an elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material, using waste polyurethane sponge as the raw material for elastic particles 1 and polyethylene as the raw material for polymer fibers 2.

[0058] A method for preparing an elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material includes the following steps:

[0059] S0. Rinse the waste polyurethane sponge with clean water to remove surface oil, mud and impurities, and then place it in a forced-air drying oven and dry it at 50°C for 4 hours.

[0060] S1. The dried waste polyurethane sponge is put into a blade pulverizer and pulverized for 30 seconds to obtain elastic particles 1 with an average particle size of 600μm to 800μm. After being classified by a vibrating screen, the target particle size particles are collected for later use.

[0061] S2. The polyethylene fiber is heated to 180℃ to melt and form a polymer melt. The polymer melt is fed into the spinning drawing air duct for stretching. The stretching speed is controlled at 2000r / min and the feed flow rate is 20mL / min. The width of the spinning drawing air duct is 2cm and the length is 60cm. The temperature of the drawing air is 30℃, and fiber filaments are produced.

[0062] S3. The elastic particles 1 obtained in step S1 are introduced into the feed inlet of the spinning and drawing air duct through a metering pump. The feed speed of the elastic particles 1 is synchronously controlled by the melt flow pump so that the ratio of the feed speed of the elastic particles 1 to the flow rate of the polymer melt is 2:1. While the polymer melt is stretched into fiber filaments under the action of high-speed airflow, it uniformly wraps the elastic particles 1 to form polymer fibers 2 wrapped with elastic particles 1.

[0063] S4. The polymer fiber 2 wrapped with elastic particles 1 moves downward under the action of stretching wind, and is received by the mesh belt machine below and laid into a uniform fiber web. The laying speed of the mesh belt machine is controlled at 1.0m / min.

[0064] S5. Feed the fiber web into the hot embossing roller device for hot pressing and bonding. Control the hot pressing temperature to 65℃ and the gap between the hot embossing rollers to 3mm. After cooling, the elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material is obtained.

[0065] Take 0.5g of the elastic granular composite fiber oil-absorbing material prepared in this embodiment, place it flat in an oil tank for 5 minutes, then take out the sample and place it on a mesh of less than 170 mesh for 1 minute. Its oil absorption capacity for soybean oil is 38.5g. Place the oil-absorbing material after oil absorption into a wide-mouth bottle containing 300mL of water, then shake it with a shaker for 1 minute. Take out the sample and place it on a mesh of less than 170 mesh for 1 minute. Its oil retention rate is 65%, tensile strength is 0.10MPa, 100% rebound compressive stress is 4.8kPa, and rebound rate after 100 compressions is 72%.

[0066] Example 3

[0067] This embodiment provides an elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material, using pearl cotton as the elastic particle 1 raw material and polylactic acid as the polymer fiber 2 raw material.

[0068] A method for preparing an elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material includes the following steps:

[0069] S0. Rinse the pearl cotton with clean water to remove surface oil, mud and impurities, then place it in a forced-air drying oven and dry it at 60°C for 2 hours.

[0070] S1. The dried waste pearl cotton is put into a blade shredder and shredded for 30 seconds to obtain elastic particles 1 with an average particle size of 800μm to 1200μm. After being classified by a vibrating screen, the target particle size particles are collected for later use.

[0071] S2. Polylactic acid fibers are heated to 180°C to melt and form a polymer melt. The polymer melt is fed into the spinning drawing air duct for stretching. The stretching speed is controlled at 2800 r / min and the feed flow rate is 75 mL / min. The width of the spinning drawing air duct is 2 cm and the length is 60 cm. The temperature of the drawing air is 30°C to produce fiber filaments.

[0072] S3. The elastic particles 1 obtained in step S1 are introduced into the feed inlet of the spinning and drawing air duct through a metering pump. The feed speed of the elastic particles 1 is synchronously controlled by the melt flow pump so that the ratio of the feed speed of the elastic particles 1 to the flow rate of the polymer melt is 2:1. While the polymer melt is stretched into fiber filaments under the action of high-speed airflow, it uniformly wraps the elastic particles 1 to form polymer fibers 2 wrapped with elastic particles 1.

[0073] S4. The polymer fiber 2 wrapped with elastic particles 1 moves downward under the action of stretching wind, and is received by the mesh belt machine below and laid into a uniform fiber web. The laying speed of the mesh belt machine is controlled at 4.5m / min.

[0074] S5. Feed the fiber web into the hot embossing roller device for hot pressing and bonding. Control the hot pressing temperature to 85℃ and the gap between the hot embossing rollers to 8mm. After cooling, the elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material is obtained.

[0075] Take 0.5g of the elastic granular composite fiber oil-absorbing material prepared in this embodiment, place it flat in an oil tank for 5 minutes, then take out the sample and place it on a mesh of less than 170 mesh for 5 minutes. Its oil absorption capacity for soybean oil is 40.9g. Put the oil-absorbing material after oil absorption into a wide-mouth bottle containing 300mL of water, then shake it with a shaker for 1 minute. Take out the sample and place it on a mesh of less than 170 mesh for 1 minute. Its oil retention rate is 74%, tensile strength is 0.12MPa, 100% rebound compressive stress is 5.5kPa, and rebound rate after 100 compressions is 78%.

[0076] Example 4

[0077] This embodiment provides an elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material, using rubber tires as the raw material for elastic particles 1 and polypropylene as the raw material for polymer fibers 2.

[0078] A method for preparing an elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material includes the following steps:

[0079] S0. Rinse the waste rubber tires with clean water to remove surface oil, mud and impurities, and then place them in a forced-air drying oven and dry them at 60°C for 2 hours.

[0080] S1. The dried waste rubber tires are put into a blade shredder and shredded for 60 seconds to obtain elastic particles 1 with an average particle size of 1000μm to 2000μm. After being classified by a vibrating screen, the target particle size particles are collected for later use.

[0081] S2. The polypropylene fiber is heated to 185℃ to melt and form a polymer melt. The polymer melt is fed into the spinning drawing air duct for stretching. The stretching speed is controlled at 3000r / min and the feed flow rate is 45mL / min. The width of the spinning drawing air duct is 3cm and the length is 60cm. The temperature of the drawing air is 30℃, and fiber filaments are produced.

[0082] S3. The elastic particles 1 obtained in step S1 are introduced into the feed inlet of the spinning and drawing air duct through a metering pump. The feed speed of the elastic particles 1 is synchronously controlled by the melt flow pump so that the ratio of the feed speed of the elastic particles 1 to the flow rate of the polymer melt is 2:1. While the polymer melt is stretched into fiber filaments under the action of high-speed airflow, it uniformly wraps the elastic particles 1 to form polymer fibers 2 wrapped with elastic particles 1.

[0083] S4. The polymer fiber 2 wrapped with elastic particles 1 moves downward under the action of the stretching wind, and is received by the mesh belt machine below and laid into a uniform fiber web. The laying speed of the mesh belt machine is controlled at 2.5m / min.

[0084] S5. Feed the fiber web into the hot embossing roller device for hot pressing and bonding. Control the hot pressing temperature to 90℃ and the gap between the hot embossing rollers to 3mm. After cooling, the elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material is obtained.

[0085] Take 0.5g of the elastic granular composite fiber oil-absorbing material prepared in this embodiment, place it flat in an oil tank for 5 minutes, then take out the sample and place it on a mesh of less than 170 mesh for 1 minute. Its oil absorption capacity for soybean oil is 28.5g. Put the oil-absorbing material after oil absorption into a wide-mouth bottle containing 300mL of water, then shake it with a shaker for 1 minute. Take out the sample and place it on a mesh of less than 170 mesh for 1 minute. Its oil retention rate is 58%, tensile strength is 0.10MPa, 100% rebound compressive stress is 5.1kPa, and rebound rate after 100 compressions is 55%.

[0086] Example 5

[0087] This embodiment provides an elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material, which uses a mixture of waste rubber tires and melamine sponge as the raw material for elastic particles 1 and polypropylene as the raw material for polymer fibers 2.

[0088] A method for preparing an elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material includes the following steps:

[0089] S0. Rinse the waste rubber tires and melamine sponge with clean water to remove surface oil, mud and impurities, and then place them in a forced-air drying oven and dry them at 60°C for 4 hours.

[0090] S1. The dried waste rubber tires and melamine sponge are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1 and fed into a blade shredder. The mixture is shredded for 50 seconds to obtain elastic particles 1 with an average particle size of 500μm to 800μm. After being classified by a vibrating screen, the target particle size particles are collected for later use.

[0091] S2. The polypropylene fiber is heated to 200℃ to melt and form a polymer melt. The polymer melt is fed into the spinning drawing air duct for stretching. The stretching speed is controlled at 2500r / min and the feed flow rate is 50mL / min. The width of the spinning drawing air duct is 2cm and the length is 80cm. The temperature of the drawing air is 30℃ to produce fiber filaments.

[0092] S3. The elastic particles 1 obtained in step S1 are introduced into the feed inlet of the spinning and drawing air duct through a metering pump. The feed speed of the elastic particles 1 is synchronously controlled by the melt flow pump so that the ratio of the feed speed of the elastic particles 1 to the flow rate of the polymer melt is 1:2. While the polymer melt is stretched into fiber filaments under the action of high-speed airflow, it uniformly wraps the elastic particles 1 to form polymer fibers 2 wrapped with elastic particles 1.

[0093] S4. The polymer fiber 2 wrapped with elastic particles 1 moves downward under the action of stretching wind, and is received by the mesh belt machine below and laid into a uniform fiber web. The laying speed of the mesh belt machine is controlled at 2.0m / min.

[0094] S5. Feed the fiber web into the hot embossing roller device for hot pressing and bonding. Control the hot pressing temperature to 80℃ and the gap between the hot embossing rollers to 4mm. After cooling, the elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material is obtained.

[0095] Take 0.5g of the elastic particle 1 composite fiber oil-absorbing fiber prepared in this embodiment, place it flat in an oil tank for 5 minutes, then remove the sample and place it on a mesh of less than 170 mesh for 5 minutes. Its oil absorption capacity for soybean oil is 35g. Place the oil-absorbing material after oil absorption into a wide-mouth bottle containing 300mL of water, then vibrate it with a shaker for 1 minute. Remove the sample and place it on a mesh of less than 170 mesh for 1 minute. Its oil retention rate is 56%. The tensile strength is 0.20MPa, the 100% rebound compressive stress is 5.8kPa, and the rebound rate after 100 compressions is 65%.

[0096] Example 6

[0097] This embodiment provides an elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material, which uses foamed polypropylene as the raw material for elastic particles 1 and a mixture of polypropylene and polyethylene as the raw material for polymer fibers 2.

[0098] A method for preparing an elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material includes the following steps:

[0099] S0. Rinse the waste foamed polypropylene with clean water to remove surface oil, mud and impurities, and then place it in a forced-air drying oven and dry it at 40°C for 4 hours.

[0100] S1. The dried waste foamed polypropylene is fed into a blade pulverizer and pulverized for 40 seconds to obtain elastic particles 1 with an average particle size of 800μm to 1000μm. After being classified by a vibrating screen, the target particle size particles are collected for later use.

[0101] S2. The mixture of polypropylene and polyethylene fibers in a mass ratio of 1:1 is heated to 190°C to melt and form a polymer melt. The polymer melt is fed into the spinning drawing duct for stretching. The stretching speed is controlled at 2000 r / min and the feed flow rate is 60 mL / min. The width of the spinning drawing duct is 2 cm and the length is 60 cm. The drawing air temperature is 50°C to produce fiber filaments.

[0102] S3. The elastic particles 1 obtained in step S1 are introduced into the feed inlet of the spinning and drawing air duct through a metering pump. The feed speed of the elastic particles 1 is synchronously controlled by the melt flow pump so that the ratio of the feed speed of the elastic particles 1 to the flow rate of the polymer melt is 1:2. While the polymer melt is stretched into fiber filaments under the action of high-speed airflow, it uniformly wraps the elastic particles 1 to form polymer fibers 2 wrapped with elastic particles 1.

[0103] S4. The polymer fiber 2 wrapped with elastic particles 1 moves downward under the action of stretching wind, and is received by the mesh belt machine below and laid into a uniform fiber web. The laying speed of the mesh belt machine is controlled at 3.0m / min.

[0104] S5. Feed the fiber web into the hot embossing roller device for hot pressing and bonding. Control the hot pressing temperature to 80℃ and the gap between the hot embossing rollers to 5mm. After cooling, the elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material is obtained.

[0105] Take 0.5g of the elastic granular composite fiber oil-absorbing material prepared in this embodiment, place it flat in an oil tank for 5 minutes, then remove the sample and place it on a mesh of less than 170 mesh for 5 minutes. Its oil absorption capacity for soybean oil is 42.3g. Place the oil-absorbing material after oil absorption into a wide-mouth bottle containing 300mL of water, then vibrate it with a shaker for 1 minute. Remove the sample and place it on a mesh of less than 170 mesh for 1 minute. Its oil retention rate is 72%. The tensile strength is 0.18MPa, the 100% rebound compressive stress is 5.2kPa, and the rebound rate after 100 compressions is 78%.

[0106] Example 7

[0107] This embodiment provides an elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material, using melamine sponge as the elastic particle 1 raw material and polypropylene as the polymer fiber 2 raw material.

[0108] A method for preparing an elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material includes the following steps:

[0109] S0. Rinse the waste melamine sponge with clean water to remove surface oil, mud and impurities, and then place it in a forced-air drying oven and dry it at 60°C for 3 hours.

[0110] S1. The dried waste melamine sponge is put into a blade shredder and shredded for 10 seconds to obtain elastic particles 1 with an average particle size of 3000μm to 5000μm. After being classified by a vibrating screen, the target particle size particles are collected for later use.

[0111] S2. The polypropylene fiber is heated to 200℃ to melt and form a polymer melt. The polymer melt is fed into the spinning drawing air duct for stretching. The stretching speed is controlled at 3000r / min and the feed flow rate is 50mL / min. The width of the spinning drawing air duct is 2cm and the length is 60cm. The temperature of the drawing air is 30℃, and fiber filaments are produced.

[0112] S3. The elastic particles 1 obtained in step S1 are introduced into the feed inlet of the spinning and drawing air duct through a metering pump. The feed speed of the elastic particles 1 is synchronously controlled by the melt flow pump so that the ratio of the feed speed of the elastic particles 1 to the flow rate of the polymer melt is 1:3. While the polymer melt is stretched into fiber filaments under the action of high-speed airflow, it uniformly wraps the elastic particles 1 to form polymer fibers 2 wrapped with elastic particles 1.

[0113] S4. The polymer fiber 2 wrapped with elastic particles 1 moves downward under the action of the stretching wind, and is received by the mesh belt machine below and laid into a uniform fiber web. The laying speed of the mesh belt machine is controlled at 2.5m / min.

[0114] S5. Feed the fiber web into the hot embossing roller device for hot pressing and bonding. Control the hot pressing temperature to 75℃ and the gap between the hot embossing rollers to 5mm. After cooling, the elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material is obtained.

[0115] Take 0.5g of the elastic granular composite fiber oil-absorbing material prepared in this embodiment, place it flat in an oil tank for 5 minutes, then take out the sample and place it on a mesh of less than 170 mesh for 1 minute. Its oil absorption capacity for soybean oil is 35.2g. Put the oil-absorbing material after oil absorption into a wide-mouth bottle containing 300mL of water, then shake it with a shaker for 1 minute. Take out the sample and place it on a mesh of less than 170 mesh for 1 minute. Its oil retention rate is 62.6%, tensile strength is 0.21MPa, 100% rebound compressive stress is 5.5kPa, and rebound rate after 100 compressions is 50%.

[0116] Example 8

[0117] This embodiment provides an elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material, using melamine sponge as the elastic particle 1 raw material and polypropylene as the polymer fiber 2 raw material.

[0118] A method for preparing an elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material includes the following steps:

[0119] S0. Rinse the waste melamine sponge with clean water to remove surface oil, mud and impurities, and then place it in a forced-air drying oven and dry it at 60°C for 2 hours.

[0120] S1. The dried waste melamine sponge is put into a blade shredder and shredded for 10 seconds to obtain elastic particles 1 with an average particle size of 3000μm to 5000μm. After being classified by a vibrating screen, the target particle size particles are collected for later use.

[0121] S2. The polypropylene fiber is heated to 200℃ to melt and form a polymer melt. The polymer melt is fed into the spinning drawing air duct for stretching. The stretching speed is controlled at 3000r / min and the feed flow rate is 50mL / min. The width of the spinning drawing air duct is 3cm and the length is 80cm. The temperature of the drawing air is 50℃ to produce fiber filaments.

[0122] S3. The elastic particles 1 obtained in step S1 are introduced into the feed inlet of the spinning and drawing air duct through a metering pump. The feed speed of the elastic particles 1 is synchronously controlled by the melt flow pump so that the ratio of the feed speed of the elastic particles 1 to the flow rate of the polymer melt is 2:1. While the polymer melt is stretched into fiber filaments under the action of high-speed airflow, it uniformly wraps the elastic particles 1 to form polymer fibers 2 wrapped with elastic particles 1.

[0123] S4. The polymer fiber 2 wrapped with elastic particles 1 moves downward under the action of the stretching wind, and is received by the mesh belt machine below and laid into a uniform fiber web. The laying speed of the mesh belt machine is controlled at 2.5m / min.

[0124] S5. Feed the fiber web into the hot embossing roller device for hot pressing and bonding. Control the hot pressing temperature to 75℃ and the gap between the hot embossing rollers to 3mm. After cooling, the elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material is obtained.

[0125] Take 0.5g of the elastic granular composite fiber oil-absorbing material prepared in this embodiment, place it flat in an oil tank for 5 minutes, then take out the sample and place it on a mesh of less than 170 mesh for 1 minute. Its oil absorption capacity for soybean oil is 42.2g. Put the oil-absorbing material after oil absorption into a wide-mouth bottle containing 300mL of water, then shake it with a shaker for 1 minute. Take out the sample and place it on a mesh of less than 170 mesh for 1 minute. Its oil retention rate is 73.8%, tensile strength is 0.16MPa, 100% rebound compressive stress is 4.7kPa, and rebound rate after 100 compressions is 75%.

[0126] Comparative Example 1

[0127] This comparative example provides a pure polypropylene fiber oil-absorbing material, prepared by the following method:

[0128] S1. Polypropylene fibers are heated to 200℃ to melt and form a polymer melt. The polymer melt is fed into the spinning drawing air duct for stretching. The stretching speed is controlled at 3000r / min and the feed flow rate is 50mL / min. The width of the spinning drawing air duct is 2cm and the length is 60cm. The temperature of the drawing air is 30℃, and fiber filaments are produced.

[0129] S2. After the polymer melt is stretched into fiber filaments, it is received by the mesh belt machine below and laid into a fiber web. The laying speed of the mesh belt machine is controlled at 2.5m / min.

[0130] S3. Feed the fiber web into the hot embossing roller device for hot pressing and bonding. Control the hot pressing temperature to 75℃ and the gap between the hot embossing rollers to 3mm. After cooling, pure polypropylene fiber oil-absorbing material is obtained.

[0131] Take 0.5g of the pure polypropylene fiber oil-absorbing material prepared in this comparative example, place it flat in an oil tank for 1 minute, then take out the sample and place it on a mesh of less than 170 mesh for 1 minute. Its oil absorption capacity for soybean oil is 22.3g. Put the oil-absorbing material after oil absorption into a wide-mouth bottle containing 300mL of water, then shake it with a shaker for 1 minute. Take out the sample and place it on a mesh of less than 170 mesh for 1 minute. Its oil retention rate is 55.3%, its tensile strength is 0.3MPa, and it has no compressive strength.

[0132] Comparative Example 2

[0133] This comparative example provides a composite fiber oil-absorbing material using rigid calcium carbonate particles as filler. The specific preparation steps are as follows:

[0134] S1. Calcium carbonate is fed into a blade pulverizer for pulverization to obtain elastic particles 1 with an average particle size of 300μm to 500μm. After being classified by a vibrating screen, the target particle size particles are collected for later use.

[0135] S2. The polypropylene fiber is heated to 200℃ to melt and form a polymer melt. The polymer melt is fed into the spinning drawing air duct for stretching. The stretching speed is controlled at 3000r / min and the feed flow rate is 45mL / min. The width of the spinning drawing air duct is 2cm and the length is 60cm. The temperature of the drawing air is 30℃, and fiber filaments are produced.

[0136] S3. The rigid particles obtained in step S1 are introduced into the feed inlet of the spinning and drawing air duct through a metering pump. The feed speed of the elastic particles 1 is synchronously controlled by the melt flow pump so that the ratio of the feed speed of the elastic particles 1 to the flow rate of the polymer melt is 2:1.

[0137] S4. The mesh belt machine receives and lays the fiber mesh, and the rigid particles are filled into the polymer fiber 2. The laying speed of the mesh belt machine is controlled at 2.5m / min.

[0138] S5. Feed the fiber web into the hot embossing roller device for hot pressing and bonding. Control the hot pressing temperature to 75℃ and the gap between the hot embossing rollers to 3mm. After cooling, the rigid granular composite fiber oil-absorbing material is obtained.

[0139] Take 0.5g of the rigid granular composite fiber oil-absorbing material prepared in this embodiment, place it flat in an oil tank for 1 minute, then take out the sample and place it on a mesh of less than 170 mesh for 1 minute. Its oil absorption capacity for soybean oil is 21.6g. Put the oil-absorbing material after oil absorption into a wide-mouth bottle containing 300mL of water, then shake it with a shaker for 1 minute. Take out the sample and place it on a mesh of less than 170 mesh for 1 minute. Its oil retention rate is 56.5%, its tensile strength is 0.3MPa, and it has no compressive strength.

[0140] The properties of the oil-absorbing materials obtained by different preparation methods in each embodiment and comparative example are shown in Table 2 below:

[0141]

[0142] As can be seen from Table 2 above, the oil-absorbing materials prepared in each embodiment of the present invention all have good oil absorption capacity, indicating that the technical solution of the present invention has wide applicability and feasibility. Among them, Example 1, which uses polypropylene as polymer fiber 2 as raw material, waste melamine sponge as elastic particles 1, and has a stretching duct width / length / temperature of 2cm / 60cm / 30℃, has the best overall performance.

[0143] Furthermore, in this invention, the width and length of the stretching air duct also affect the effectiveness of the oil-absorbing material, as detailed below:

[0144] When the width of the stretching duct is less than 2cm, the airflow resistance increases sharply, turbulence is easily generated in the duct, the fiber stretching is uneven, and the mixing space between elastic particles 1 and polymer fibers 2 is insufficient. Elastic particles 1 are prone to bounce after hitting the duct wall, resulting in poor wrapping effect. After long-term operation, the debris of elastic particles 1 and polymer fibers 2 is prone to block the duct, requiring frequent shutdowns for cleaning, which seriously affects continuous production efficiency.

[0145] When the width of the stretching air duct is too large, i.e. greater than 4 cm, the airflow velocity decreases significantly, the tensile force on the polymer melt is insufficient, the fiber diameter coarsens, and the pores of the polymer fiber 2 are greatly reduced, affecting the encapsulation effect and oil absorption performance; at the same time, the elastic particles 1 disperse in the wide air duct in a disordered trajectory and cannot be effectively captured by the polymer fiber 2.

[0146] When the length of the stretching air duct is less than 30cm, the composite time between the elastic particles 1 and the polymer fiber 2 is insufficient. The elastic particles 1 are "overlapped" by the polymer fiber 2 instead of being "wrapped", resulting in weak bonding force and poor performance during web laying and hot pressing.

[0147] When the length of the stretching air duct is greater than 60cm, the fiber is overstretched in the air duct, causing local breakage and resulting in poor coating effect.

[0148] The order of crushing the elastic material in step S1 and heating and melting the polymer fiber 2 in step S2 is not limited. The elastic material can be crushed first to form elastic particles 1 for later use, and then added during the stretching of the polymer melt. Alternatively, the elastic material can be crushed and the elastic particles 1 can be added simultaneously during the stretching of the polymer melt.

[0149] At room temperature, the mechanical properties of the oil-absorbing materials prepared in different embodiments were measured using a universal testing machine (SANSCMT6104). In the tensile test, the sample was cut into strips of 4cm*1cm*0.5cm and stretched at a rate of 50mm / min, and the curve was measured.

[0150] In the compression test, the sample was cut into a cube of 2cm*2cm*2cm and tested at a compression and rebound rate of 50mm / min.

[0151] from Figure 2 and Figure 3 As can be seen, the oil-absorbing material prepared by combining polypropylene fibers and melamine sponge, namely Example 1, exhibits significantly improved stress-strain properties compared to commercially available melamine sponge, while also possessing good compressibility. These properties can significantly enhance its durability when coupled with rotating machinery.

[0152] like Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the oil-absorbing material prepared by combining polypropylene fibers and melamine sponge (Example 1) exhibits a significantly improved oil absorption capacity compared to the original polypropylene fibers. Furthermore, when coupled with a tracked oil skimmer, it demonstrates more stable operation compared to polypropylene fibers and commercially available sponge materials alone.

[0153] Oil Skimmer Operation Test: Three materials, including fiber felt, were cut into 80cm × 3cm (equal weight) oil-absorbing strips. These strips were then fixed to the skimmer's track, which was driven by a 12V motor. The unit was then immersed in water containing spilled oil. During operation, the oil was continuously absorbed and transported by the oil-absorbing strips. Subsequently, the oil-saturated strips, driven by a rotating drum, were continuously compressed by an upper extrusion roller, squeezing out the oil and guiding it to a collection container. The weight of the oil collected by the skimmer was measured.

[0154] The elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material of this invention can be used for oil absorption operations in water surface oil spills.

[0155] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the technical features of the present invention are not limited thereto. Any simple changes, equivalent substitutions, or modifications made based on the present invention to solve essentially the same technical problems and achieve essentially the same technical effects are all covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material, characterized in that, The elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material includes polymer fibers and elastic particles. The elastic particles are dispersed in the polymer fibers and are wrapped between the polymer fibers. The polymer fibers wrapped with elastic particles interweave to form a three-dimensional fiber network structure. The elastic particles are obtained by crushing at least one elastic material selected from rubber products, elastic sponges, and foamed thermoplastics. The particle size of the elastic particles is 500μm to 5000μm. The polymer fibers are selected from at least one of polypropylene, polyethylene, and polylactic acid. The preparation method includes the following steps: S1, feeding the polymer melt into a spinning and drawing air duct for stretching to produce fiber filaments; S2, during the process of stretching the polymer melt into fiber filaments, introducing the elastic particles into the spinning and drawing air duct through a metering pump, so that the polymer melt wraps the elastic particles while being stretched into fiber filaments, forming polymer fibers wrapped with elastic particles. The feed rate of the elastic particle metering pump is controlled by the polymer melt flow pump, and the ratio of the elastic particle feed rate to the polymer melt flow rate is 3:1 to 1:3; S3, the polymer fibers wrapped with elastic particles interweave and are laid into a fiber web.

2. The method for preparing an elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rubber product is a tire.

3. The method for preparing an elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic sponge is made of at least one of melamine sponge and polyurethane sponge.

4. The method for preparing an elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The foamed thermoplastic is at least one of pearl cotton and foamed polypropylene.

5. The method for preparing an elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes preliminary preparation steps: crushing the elastic material to obtain elastic particles, and heating and melting the polymer fibers to obtain a polymer melt.

6. The method for preparing an elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a pretreatment step: cleaning the elastic material to remove surface oil, mud and impurities, and then drying it in a forced-air dryer at 40℃~80℃ for 2h~6h.

7. The method for preparing an elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the preliminary preparation steps, the elastic material is crushed using a blade crusher for 3 to 60 seconds. After crushing, it is classified by a vibrating screen to select elastic particles with a particle size of 500 μm to 5000 μm.

8. The method for preparing an elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the preparatory steps, the melting temperature of the polymer fiber is 120℃~250℃.

9. The method for preparing an elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the stretching speed of the polymer melt is 500 r / min to 3000 r / min; the polymer melt feed flow rate is 10 mL / min to 80 mL / min.

10. The method for preparing an elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the width of the spinning drawing air duct is 2cm to 3cm, the length is 30cm to 80cm, and the drawing air temperature is 10℃ to 80℃.

11. The method for preparing an elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, a mesh belt machine is used to receive polymer fibers wrapped with elastic particles and lay the fiber web. The laying speed of the mesh belt machine is 0.8m / min to 5m / min.

12. The method for preparing an elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a molding step: hot embossing roller treatment of the fiber web to fix and shape it, thereby obtaining the oil-absorbing material.

13. The method for preparing an elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material according to claim 12, characterized in that: The temperature of the hot embossing rollers in the forming process is 60℃~90℃, and the gap between the hot embossing rollers is 2mm~10mm.

14. The elastic particle composite fiber oil-absorbing material according to claim 1 is used for oil absorption operations in water surface oil spills.

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